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TRNG C C TR KHOA CNSH MTLP 10SH

GVHD:H CM THU

SVTH:TRN TH CM I TRNH TH THU HUYN NGUYN TH KIM THO


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MC LC

I. M U II.TNG QUAN TI LIU 1. TNH HNH NGHIN CU 2. CC CH PHM T VI SINH VT

2.1 KHNG SINH2.2 VITAMIN2.3 HORMON2.4 VACXIN2.5 MEN TIU HA

III. KT LUN IV. TI LIU THAM KHO


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M U Khoa hcpht trin,vi sinhvtngy cngc ng dng rngritrong nhiu lnh vc nhnng nghip,cng nghip,... v c bit trong lnh vc y hc. Nh vi sinhvtcon ngi tng hp thnhcng nhiu loi ch phm nh: Vacxin, khng sinh, hormon,vitaminmen tiu ha, gip phng,iu tr bnhchongiv ng vt.Di yl mt s ng dng cavi sinhvttronglnh vcy hc.


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II. TNGQUAN TILIU 1. TNH HNH NGHINCU Ngy nay vi sinhvt c ng dng rt nhiutrong yhcv t c

rt nhiuthnhtuto ln. Nu nh nm1928 khi Fleming phthin ra Penicillint nmPenicillium notatum th phisau 27nm mi a cvo sn xut vi hiu sut ch vi hiu sutc 40U/ml thhinnayhiu sutny nng lnn90000U/ml (U ln v quc

t), hn na sn phmbanu ch c thun khitl 20% thhin nay t n99,9%.TrongHi tho thngnin cacc nh vi sinhvt hcChu vo

thng 11nm 2010vaqua tiIndonesia, GS Michel Goodfello cho bit hinnay ringvcc chtkhng sinhngita tmthy t x khun8700 loikhc nhau ( 100 - 120loi c s dng), tvi khun2900loi( 10 - 12loi c s dng) v t nm4900loi( 30 - 35loi s dng). Ngoi ra phthin c rt nhiu loi sn phmtrao i chtkhc chottnh sinhhcv

c phc vc hiu quchonhiu lnh vckhc nhau.


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Trongsny c 900sn phm t x khun,1400sn phm t cc vikhunkhc v 3700sn phm t nmmen,nm siv nm ln.Hinnay miCng ty ton l ccniln menkhng l angln men

tora dc phm nh vi sinhvt, nhngkhng phil cc vi sinhvt bnhthng nh trc ym ton l cc vi sinhvtmang ADN tit hp(recombinant ADN). Ngungen quhimc th ly t thc vt, t ng vt nhng ch yul nhn c t cc vi sinhvt c la chn. Vi sinhvtdng tip nhngen lnhng chng c bit rt r v bgen (genom),chng hn nh mtvi chngEscherichia colihaymtvichng nmmen Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2. CCCH PHM T VI SINHVT 2.1 KHNG SINH2.1.1 Khinimv phn loi Khng sinh lnhng loi thucdng avoc th nhmtiudit


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Phnloitheocutrcgmc ccloisau:- lactam ( cc penicillin, cc cephalosporin ).Aminoglycosid( steptomycin, gentamycin ).Lincosamid.Macrolid.PhenicolTetracyclin.

Rifamycin.a peptid.Nhm thuc tng hp : Quinolon, 5 Nitroimidazol,dn xut nitrofuran, ccdn xut casulfanilamid.

vi khun, nguyn sinh ng vt v nm c gy bnh cho c th chn hoc tiu dit s pht trin ca vi khun hoc cc vi sinh mm bnh, c s dng trong vic iu tr nhiu cn bnh.


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2.1.2 Cci tngvi sinhvttham gia

Cc vikhun, x khunv nm mcl nhngvi snhvtc kh nng tng hpccchtkhng sinhnhtl nm mcv x khun.

Bacillus brevi cho gramixidi.Streptococcus lactis cho nizyn.

Actinomyces streptomycini cho streptomixin.Penicillium chrysogenium cho penicillin

Bacillus brevi Nm PenicilliaStreptococcus lactis


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2.1.3C ch hot ng

2.1.4 Quy trnh tng hp


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QUY TRNH SN XUT KHNG SINH PENICILLIN T PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENIUM V PENICILLIUM NOTATUM

Bo t /h si Bnh lc

B nhnging Niln men

Phn cht

rn Dch lc Chit li, kt ta Axit ha / chit

dung mi

Bntng hp Loiaxit

Penicillinthnh phm

Penicillinthnh phm


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2.1.5 Cng dng -Khng sinh ti ch iu tr nhim khun b mt da. -Khng sinh d phng trong phu thut, phng nhim khun sau -Khng sinh Penicillin: c chit xut t nm Penicillium, iu trnhiu loi bnh do nhim khun

2.2 VITAMIN 2.2.1 Khinimv phn loi Vitamin lnhng cht thit yuchocuc sngv iuhastraoi chttrongc th,can thipvo qu trnhsnsinh vkimsot nng lng cng nhlm tng trng tbo v phttrincc m trongc th.

Theochc nng,c 2loiVitamin:-Vitamin tan trongnc: tham gia vo cc qu trnhgiiphngnng lng(oxi hakh,phnhy hp cht hu c) -Vitamin tan trongdu: tham gia phn ng tonn cccht cu to nn cc m, ccc quan.


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2.2.2 Cci tngvi sinhvttham gia Vi khun, x khun, nmmen vnm mc -Vitamin B12: Propionibacterium freudenreichii , Propionobacteriumshermanii , Bacillus megatherium -Vitamin D: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Penicilliumchrizogenum .-Vitamin A:Penicillium scherotium, Blakeslea trispora .-Vitamin B2: Eremothecium ashbyii, Candida, Ashbya gossipii.

Propionibacterium freudenreichii Penicillium notatum Penicillium chrizogenum .


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TCH V TINH CH

LY TM CHIT RT

LN MEN

T 4 7 NGY NHIT 28-30

NGUYN LIU Propionobacterium

freudenreichii

Bacillus

megatherium

2.2.3 Quy trnhtng hp Tng hpvitamin B12

SN PHM


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2.2.4 Cng dng -Vitamin B2:tham gia vo s chuyn ho thc n thnh nng lnthng qua vic tham gia s chuyn ho glucid,lipid v protein bnenzyme,c nh hng ti kh nng cm th nh sng ca mt . -Vitamin C: L mt cht chng oxy ho tt, n tham gia vo nhing sng quan trng ca c th. Km hm s lo ho ca t b, kchthch s bo v cc m, kch thch nhanh s lin so, ngn nga ungth.-Vitamin A: c nhiu chc nng quan trng i vi c th con ngth gic mt c cu to bi cc sc t c cha vitamin A, kchqu trnh pht trin ca cc biu m nh m sng, rut v cc cong h hp, vitamin A tham gia tch cc vo sc chng chu b

ca con ngi.


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2.3 HORMON 2.3.1 Khi nim v phn loi L nhng cht hu c c bi tit vi mt lng rt nh bi tbo,mt m hoc tuyn c bit, c trc tip vo tun hon mtbonhn. Mt s hormon tc dng ln mt loi tbonhn, to ra nhng tcdng c hiu. + C 4 loi: - Hormon protein: insulin- Hormon amin: adrenalin (tuyn thng thn), hyroxin (tuyn g- Hormon steroid: testosteron, estrogene- Hormon eicosanoid: thromboxan, protaglandin.

2.3.1 Cci tngvi sinhvttham giaHu ht nhng phng php sn xut insulin thng mi u dcc chng nm men (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) hoc vi khun (Ekt hp vi cc k thut gene sn xut insulin ngi tng h


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2.3.3 C ch hot ng Cc hormon tit ra t tbotuyn ni tit theo mu tc ng ln tboch + tboch c 3 giai on k tip xy ra: -Hormon c nhn bit bi receptor c hiu trn mng tboch

-Phc hp hormon receptor hnh thnh kt hp vi mt c ch sitn hiu -Tn hiu sinh ra gy tc ng n qu trnh nibo: thay i hottnh, nng cc enzym, thay i tnh thm mng tbo, gy tit cchormon tuynkhc

Saccharomyces cerevisiae E.coli


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QUY TRNH SN XUT HORMON INSULIN T E.COLI

d


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2.3.5 Cng dng -Insulin: cha bnh tiu ng -Hormon tng trng GH: cha bnh ln ngi, ci thin chicho tr em 2.4 VACXIN 2.4.1 Khinimv phn loi Vacxin lnhng ch phmsinhhc c ch to tcc vi sinhvtgy bnh(vikhun, vi rt) avoc th nhmkch thchc th torakhngthc kh nng chng lichnhloi mm bnh .

Phnloivacxin:-Vacxinsng, gim c lcl cc vi sinhvt cnuicy di nhng

iu kin c bit nhmlmgim ctnhc hi cachng.-Vacxin tit hp: vicngnghgenhin i, ngita ct ongentng hpnn proteinc trngcho vi sinhvtgy bnh, ghp gen nyvo vikhunhaytbo nuicy tora proteinc hiuchomm bnh, dng protein nytimchng to min dch c hiu


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-Cc "toxoid" l cc hp cht c b bt hot trch t cc vi sinh v(trong trng hp chnh cc c cht ny l phng tin gy bnvi sinh vt). Chng c tim cho vt ch khc to khng th

chit ly khng th ny cha bnh.+Mt s loi vaccine mi ang nghin cu -Vacxin khm. -Vacxin polypeptidique.-Anti-idiotype.-Vaccine DNA.-S dng vector ti t hp. 2.4.2 Cc i tng vi sinh vt tham gia Vacxin c th l cc virus hoc vi khun sng, gim c lc, khivo c th khng gy bnh hoc gy bnh rt nh. Vacxin cng cc vi sinh vt b bt hot, cht hoc ch l nhng sn phm tinhvi sinh vt.


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2.4.3 C ch hot ng H min dch nhn din vacxin l vt l nn hy dit chng v nh" chng. V sau, khi tc nhn gy bnh thc th xm nhp ch min dch t th sn sng tn cng tc nhn gy bnhchng hn v hu hiu hn (bng cch huy ng nhiu thnh phh min dch, c bit l nh thc cc t bo lympho nh).

Saccharomycescerevisiae

virus rubella


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2.4.4 Quy trnh tng hp *Quy trnh sn xut vacxin ti t hp gen B1: Tm gen c tnh khng nguyn cao trong t bo vi rt gy bn

B2: Dng enzim ct ly on gen ny. B3: Ghp vo th truyn c th l vi rt hoc cc plasmit ca vi k B4: Cy ghp ADN ti t hp vo t bo (t bo vi khun). B5: Chit tch sn phm ch to vacxin.

2.4.5 Cng dng -Vacxin phng bnh di (Fuenlazida): sn xut t m no ng v(chut, b), cha bnh di ng vt v ngi. -Vacxin phng bnh si, quai b v si Rubella (MMR)-Vacxin nga khun cu phi (PCV)

2.5 MEN VI SINH 2.5.1 Khi nim v phn loi Men vi sinh l mt s vi khun c ch i vi c th con ngi,

vi khun ny thng sng trong rut.


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Cc loi men vi sinh: - Lactobacillus sporogenes l mt trong cc vi sinh sn xut ra aclactic, acid ho ng rut v ngn nga c s pht trin cakhun gy thi ra.- Bacillus subtilis l vi sinh sn xut ra men amylase, xc tc cho ng thu phn cc lin kt a- 1,4 glucosid ca cc polysaccharid nhtinh bt, glycogen. - Men bia thuc h Saccharomycetaceae, thng c ch di

kh nhm trnh s phn hu cc vitamin. Men bia kh c cha cvitamin B1, PP, B2, B6, B5, Biotin, acid folic, B12 , acidaminobenzoic v isonitol.- Clostridium butyricum l vi sinh ln men butyric. Chng ng h

c nit trong cc hp cht phc tp nh acid amin, peptid, protein..., ngoi ra chng cn ln men c cc loi ng, tinh dextrin, pectin...2.5.2 Cc i tng vi sinh vt tham gia Cc loi vi khun hoc t nm men.


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2.5.3 C ch hot ng Cc vi khun ny s bin i cht x thc phm, thc n cha

ht rut non thnh acid lactic, acetic, butyric, hng lot vitaminamin, men, hocmon v cc cht dinh dng quan trng khc. Nsinh ra cc kh nh NH3, CO2, H2S Qu trnh bin i gi l qu trnh ln men, m nh n, thc n c tiu ha hon tonTrong mi trng hot ng ca i trng, cc vi khun c ch cnng ln p, bp v tiu dit rt nhiu loi vi trng gy bnh

Lactobacillus sporogenes Saccharomycetaceae Clostridiumbutyricum

2 5 4 Q t h t g h


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2.5.4 Quy trnh tng hp Quy trnh sn xut cm b t dch sinh khi nm men qua t phn Chng ging gc saccharomyces

Nhn ging cc cp Ging sn xut

Mi trng sn xut 28 320C / 18hLc 150 vng/pht

400C / 20hLc 150 vng/pht

Dch sinh khi Tc nhn t phnNaCl 5%

Dch sinh khi sau t

phn Nguyn liu hp th Cht kt dnh Cht gy hng

Trn u p khun

Cm ti Sy kh

ng gi Cm thnh phm


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2.5.5 Cng dng Men vi sinh ng vai tr v cng quan trng trong h tiu ho conngi. Chng bin i cc cht x, thc phm, thc n cha tiuht rut non thnh axit lactic, axit acetic, vitamin, axit aminv cccht dinh dng quan trng khc, gip c th hp thu d dng. Nra, men vi sinh cn cnh tranh sng vi cc vi khun gy bnh, sinm gip tr ln t c bnh tt, kch thch h min dch v t khng cho c th. MT S VI SINH VT GY BNH CHO CON NGI

Cu khun phi (Diplococcuspneumoniae) Virus HIV


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Trc khun i trng Escherichia coli Virus cm

Trc khun l( Shigella ) Trc khun lao

III KT LUN


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III.KT LUN ng dng ca vi sinh vt trong lnh vc y hc l v cng a dn phong ph. Nhng khm ph ca con ngi v vi sinh vt manhng li ch to ln, to ra nhng ch phm h tr c bit bokho con ngi. Vn cn rt nhiu nhng iu b n, nhng kh nng ng dng sinh vt vn cha c pht hin, khai thc trit . Tuy nhin, tqu trnh nghin cu cn phi cn trng i vi nhng vi sinh v

hi, gy nh hng xu n sc kho con ngi IV.TI LIU THAM KHO www.vinachem.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Xuat-ban-pham/So-1.../1508www.vast.ac.vn/index.php?...1106%3Anghien...khang-sinh...vi

vietsciences1.free.fr/vietscience/.../nguyenlandung/chuong20.pdf suckhoebeyeu.com/...y.../37-men-vi-sinh-phng-phap-phong-bnh-mwww.vast.ac.vn/index.php?...1106%3Anghien...khang-sinh...viduoclieuvietnam.com/.../Vi-Sinh-Vat-la-nguon-Duoc-lieu-vo-tan.htmvi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khng_sinhvi sinh vt cng nghip- l xun phng-nh xut bn xy dng.


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