1. 1. I. S lc s pht minh ra BTH II. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong BTH III. Cu to ca BTH
2. 2. Cc em xem on video v cho bit: - Mt s hnh dng ca BTH. - Trong BTH cha g? - Cng trnh BTH hon chnh nht l ca nh bc hc no?
3. 3. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t sau: 7N, 11Na, 13Al, 26Fe 7N: 1s22s22p3 13Al:[Ne]3s23p1 26Fe:[Ar]3d64s2 11Na:[Ne]3s1 - Electron ha tr l nhng electron c kh nng hnh thnh LK ha hc.
4. 4. => STT nguyn t = Z = S p = S e
5. 5. Cc em hy m file: sapxep.swf Sp xp cc nguyn t vo cc m em ngh l hp l, c gii thch s sp xp . Thi gian: 3 pht 9089888786858483828180797877767574737271706968676665646362616059585756555453525150494847464544434241403938373635343332313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210 9089888786858483828180797877767574737271706968676665646362616059585756555453525150494847464544434241403938373635343332313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
6. 6. H 1,008 1s1 1 Ca 40,08 [Ar]4s2 20 B 10,81 1s22s22p1 5 He 4,003 1s2 2 Si 28,09 [Ne]3s23p2 14 P 30,97 [Ne]3s23p3 15 F 18,99 1s22s22p5 9 Na 22,98 [Ne]3s1 11 Cl 35,45 [Ne]3s23p5 17 Mg 24,31 [Ne]3s2 12 Ar 35,45 [Ne]3s23p6 18 Al 26,98 [Ne]3s23p1 13 S 32,06 [Ne]3s23p4 16 N 14,007 1s22s22p3 7 Be 9,01 1s22s2 4 Ne 20,18 1s22s22p6 10 Li 6,94 1s22s1 3 O 15,99 1s22s22p4 8 K 39,1 [Ar]4s1 19 C 12,01 1s22s22p2 6
7. 7. H 1,008 1s1 1 Ca 40,08 [Ar]4s2 20 B 10,81 1s22s22p1 5 He 4,003 1s2 2 Si 28,09 [Ne]3s23p2 14 P 30,97 [Ne]3s23p3 15 F 18,99 1s22s22p5 9 Na 22,98 [Ne]3s1 11 Cl 35,45 [Ne]3s23p5 17 Mg 24,31 [Ne]3s2 12 Ar 35,45 [Ne]3s23p6 18 Al 26,98 [Ne]3s23p1 13 S 32,06 [Ne]3s23p4 16 N 14,007 1s22s22p3 7 Be 9,01 1s22s2 4 Ne 20,18 1s22s22p6 10 Li 6,94 1s22s1 3 O 15,99 1s22s22p4 8 K 39,1 [Ar]4s1 19 C 12,01 1s22s22p2 6 Quan st hng ngang v da vo CHe hy nhn xt v s thay i: 1. S lp electron 2. S electron lp ngoi cng
8. 8. H 1,008 1s1 1 Ca 40,08 [Ar]4s2 20 B 10,81 1s22s22p1 5 He 4,003 1s2 2 Si 28,09 [Ne]3s23p2 14 P 30,97 [Ne]3s23p3 15 F 18,99 1s22s22p5 9 Na 22,98 [Ne]3s1 11 Cl 35,45 [Ne]3s23p5 17 Mg 24,31 [Ne]3s2 12 Ar 35,45 [Ne]3s23p6 18 Al 26,98 [Ne]3s23p1 13 S 32,06 [Ne]3s23p4 16 N 14,007 1s22s22p3 7 Be 9,01 1s22s2 4 Ne 20,18 1s22s22p6 10 Li 6,94 1s22s1 3 O 15,99 1s22s22p4 8 K 39,1 [Ar]4s1 19 C 12,01 1s22s22p2 6
9. 9. H 1,008 1s1 1 Ca 40,08 [Ar]4s2 20 B 10,81 1s22s22p1 5 He 4,003 1s2 2 Si 28,09 [Ne]3s23p2 14 P 30,97 [Ne]3s23p3 15 F 18,99 1s22s22p5 9 Na 22,98 [Ne]3s1 11 Cl 35,45 [Ne]3s23p5 17 Mg 24,31 [Ne]3s2 12 Ar 35,45 [Ne]3s23p6 18 Al 26,98 [Ne]3s23p1 13 S 32,06 [Ne]3s23p4 16 N 14,007 1s22s22p3 7 Be 9,01 1s22s2 4 Ne 20,18 1s22s22p6 10 Li 6,94 1s22s1 3 O 15,99 1s22s22p4 8 K 39,1 [Ar]4s1 19 C 12,01 1s22s22p2 6 Quan st tng ct v da vo CHe hy nhn xt v s electron ha tr ca cc nguyn t. IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
10. 10. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t . Cng s lp electron c xp thnh 1 hng. Cng s electron ha tr c xp thnh 1 ct.
11. 11. Tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron. S nguyn t trong cc chu k: (2n2) Mt chu k thng bt u bng 1 Kim loi kim v kt thc bng 1 Kh him (tr chu k 1). n 1 2,3 4,5 6,7 S nguyn t 2 8 18 32 => STT chu k = S lp electron.
12. 12. Tp hp cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cu hnh e tng t nhau -> TCHH ging nhau. Khi nguyn t s, p, d, f: e cui cng ang in vo phn lp s, p, d, f. Phn nhm Nhm A Nhm B - Gm nguyn t s v p. - STT nhm = Tng s e lp ngoi cng. - Gm nguyn t d v f. - STT nhm # S e lp ngoi cng.
13. 13. Mi nhm s hot ng tm ra nguyn t b n ca nhm. Thi gian: 1 pht 30s. Nhm no tm ra nhanh nht s c phn thng. 9089888786858483828180797877767574737271706968676665646362616059585756555453525150494847464544434241403938373635343332313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
14. 14. U N I Te C La S S