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^grkcel` Jrcffcr`` jfxr g qc`cxc grhojfgro `ge& eoecrfj g mgyjgfxrcfj cq`hc``gefo gqgrfgro` lrxcyc jecq` qcfcexr. OOO. Cxxcflq+w` cqoygx`cegqoyfg ^grkcel` Jrcff+``Rlec e~crcxlrfww+`c brcjfecq`` -E. 311/ crh`hc` bw jg`x& Rlec+`` Cqyc gycfgxoò`

bcjg`xo lfewxwr g l`c @glalrgycò" Ecbgxfgr Ewmcit" w`c` grofeoxor.E. . 2=3 %311 yffcr crcq`hc mje qre Bgrkcec Jrcffcr w`fcrhr4^mofgxcorlq -E.. 2=3%291/O. Gweg`gq -E.. 291%283/O. Cxxcflq -E.. 283%3?;/OO. Gweg`gq -E.. 3?;%37?/OO. Cxxcflq -E.. 37?%1=?/OOO. Cxxcflq -E.. 31=%311/

Rlec Awemwroygx H`geo+`g ql` grg` Caxowe Qcc -E. 13/ ofg Bgrkcec hc xe Rlec kobohrx yt yffj bor bcr g rgicm h`geo`g koreoxor. E. Q 1. yyhc` oxobcrg` Rlec e~crcxlrfww+`w` kjcybgxegyg bcfcecq ^grkcel`+w gxjofgeoxor. E. Q. 1?7 yf`hc Rlec e~crcxlrfww+`w` bcx ghlw Rlec lfcrcj ojoyg cyrfecq ofg Botc`q gkgeg`foo`hg jcfc` jg`x hcrcfxfe ygò bor qwrfcgrofeoxor.


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MOQXLR_ LI BGRKCEC

^grkcel` oq flacxgh l` xmg `lrxm bc`j li Jcojlq -Bcjrcy/ Rogr& {moam ifl{q xmrlwkm `lrxmgr` Ckgc`Rgkol`. Xmg xl{` oq qwrrlw`hgh by ô`hcqlq Elw`x -Jltcj/ o` xmg `lrxm c`h Cq~grhg`l` Elw`x o` xmg qlwxm& c`hxl xmg gcqx ifl{q Qgfo`lq Qxrgce c`h xl xmg {gqx ifl{q Jgxolq Qxrgce.

Xmg `ceg li xmg xl{`& {moam {cq rgigrrgh xl cq ^grkcel` lr ^grkcel`lq o` xmg c`xoswg {roxo`kq& oq

j`l{` xl mcg lroko`cxgh irle c flacf fc`kwckg o` xmg càog`x xoegq& c`h ox egc`q +acqxfg. C~crx irle xmg c`xoswg^grkcel` flacxgh l` xl~ li Elw`x Jcfg -Carl~lfoq/& xmgrg crg ec`y xwewfwqgq qacxxgrgh lgr Bcjrcy Rogr. O` xmgfokmx li xmg rgqgcram qxwhogq o` xmgqg qoxgq& ox {cq ilw`h lwx xmcx xmg moqxlry li qgxxfgeg`x o` xmg aoxy hcxgq bcaj xl Gcrfy

Brl`tg Ckg -B. A. 1>>>/.Mlegrlq {roxgq cblwx qleg xrobcf krlw~q acffgh +Jgxoq+ {ml mch fogh o` xmg rgkol` li Xgwxmrcòc c`h klx

o`lfgh o` xmg Xrldc`[crq. Qleg qaog`xoqxq {ml hoh rgqgcram l` xmoq qwbdgax qcoh xmcx xmlqg krlw~q alwfh mcg bgg`xmg Moxxoxgq acffgh cq +Jmgxc+ l` xmg Gky~xoc` el`weg`xq. Ml{ggr& cfxmlwkm ^grkcel` {cq l`g li xmg iwrxmgqx

qgxxfgeg`xq li xmg Moxxoxgq o` xmg {gqx o` xmcx ~grolh& xmg ~gl~fg foo`k o` xmcx rgkol` ewqx mcg eo}gh {oxm `lechoaXmrcjl%^mryk xrobgq c`h Colfq& {ml mch elgh xl `lrxm%{gqx C`cxlfoc irle Krggag o` B. A. 3>>>.

Xmg iorqx xrcagq li qgxxfgeg`x o` Cjrl~lfoq l` ^grkcel` Moff hcxg bcaj xl B. A. ;%9xm ag`xwry. ^cwqcòcqqcyq xmcx ^grkcel` {cq ilw`hgh by ^grkcewq& {ml {cq xmg brcg ql` li C`hrlecswg. O` c`lxmgr qlwrag&Xgfg~mlq& xmg ql` li Mgrcjfgq& oq qml{` cq xmg fgkg`hcry ilw`hgr li ^grkcel`. O` xmg c`xoswg o`qaro~xol`q& xmg `ceg+^grkcel`+ {cq iorqx qgg` o` +Xmg Rgxwr` li Xmlwqc`hq+ -C`cbcqoq/ by Jqg`l~ml`. Jqg`l~ml` oq j`l{` xl mcg

oqoxgh ^grkcel` o` B. A. 8>>%1?? c`h qxcygh o` xmg mlwqg li Kl`kyflq irle Groxroc. {ml {cq xmg flacf klgr`lr lixmg ^grqoc` jo`kq.[mg` Cfg}c`hgr xmg Krgcx qxcrxgh moq eofoxcry g}~ghoxol` xl xmg gcqx o` B. A. 118& xmg 2>>%ygcr

hleo`cxol` li xmg ^grqoc`q o` C`cxlfoc mch cfrgchy g`hgh. Cixgr xmcx& ^grkcel` mch cfql aleg w`hgr xmg rwfg li xmgJo`khle li Ecaghlòc cq o` xmg {mlfg {gqxgr` C`cxlfoc. Ml{ggr& cixgr xmg hgcxm li Cfg}c`hgr xmg Krgcx cx xmg ckgli 11& cff xmg fc`hq li xmg ge~org mch bgg` qmcrgh by moq qwaagqqlrq cq c rgqwfx li fl`k iokmxq.

Xmg Ecaghlòc` Aleec`hgr Fyqoecamlq& {ml mch xcjg` lgr xmg rgkol` li ^grkcel` o` B. A. 1>3&hgafcrgh moq jo`khle c`h c~~lo`xgh c aleec`hgr acffgh ^mofgxcrolq o` lrhgr xl jgg~ xmg {cr fllxo`kq o`

Carl~lfoq. ^mofgxcrolq& {ml mch rgbgffgh o` B. A. 2=2& xllj lgr xmg al`xrlf c`h ilw`hgh xmg Jo`khle li ^grkcel`{moam {lwfh fcqx c~~rl}oecxgfy 37> ygcrq.

Xmg qwaagqq li Cxxcflq O ckco`qx xmg Kcfcxoc`q -Kcfcxfcr/ {ml mch cqjgh ilr xrobwxg& c`h xmg` Gweg`gq ff+qoaxlry ckco`qx C`xlamgq OOO c`h kcoò`k xmg al`xrlf lgr Cqoc Eo`lr g}xg`ho`k cq icr cq Xlrlq Elw`xq {oxm C~cegocXrgcxy -B. A. 3==/ g`cbfgh xmg Jo`khle li ^grkcel` xl fog oxq qxrl`kgqx ~grolh ~lfoxoacffy. Gweg`gq OO mch xcjg`

Cxmg`q Carl~lfoq cq c` g}ce~fg c`h coegh xl bro`k ^grkcel` xl xmg fggf li xmg elqx bgcwxoiwf aoxy li xmg Mgffgòqxoa[lrfh.Xmg oe~lrxcàg xmcx xmg ^grkcel` jo`kq mch cxxcamgh xl awfxwrg c`h crx rgqwfxgh o` xmg borxm li oe~lrxc`x

{lrjq li crx irle c ~grq~gaxog li cramoxgaxwrg c`h qawf~xwrg. Cixgr fgco`k xmg Jo`khle li ^grkcel` lgr xl xmgRlec` Ge~org {oxm xmg {off li Cxxcflq OOO -B. A. 311/& xmoq aoxy bgaceg c` Cqoc` ac~oxcf li Rleg c`h {cq kog` xmg`ceg li @glalrg& {moam egc`q +Xmg Kwcrh li Xge~fgq+. Bgfl{ oq c foqx li xmg ^grkcel` jo`kq {ml mch rgok`ghbgx{gg` B. A. 2=3%311.

^mojxcorlq -B. A. 2=3%291/ O. Gweg`gq -B. A. 291%283/ O. Cxxcflq -B . A. 28 O%O ?; /OO. Gweg`gq -B. A. 3?;%37?/OO. Cxxcflq -B. A. 37?%1=?

OOO. Cwcflq -B. A. 31=%311/Cixgr xmg Caxowe [cr& {moam mch brlwkmx xmg Rlec` Rg~wbfoa ^grolh xl c` g`h -B. A. 13/& ^grkcel`

w`hgr{g`x c ~grolh li ~gcag c`h {gcfxm li 8>> ygcrq fojg Rleg. [mg` xmg Rlec` Ge~org bgkc` xl flqg oxq ~l{grirle 1xm ag`xwry C. H. l`{crhq& xmoq cfql oìfwgàgh ^grkcel`. [oxm xmg hooqol` li Rlec` Ge~org o`xl x{l cq[gqxgr` c`h Gcqxgr` Rleg o` 1?7& xmg aoxy rgeco`gh {ohgr xmg oìfwgàg li Bytc`xowe c`h klx qecffgr. O` xmcx

~grolh& xmg aoxy {cq qwrrlw`hgh {oxm c `g{gr {cff c`h echg qecffgr.


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Botc`q e~crcxlrw Holafgxoc`wq+w` Cqyc gycfgxfgroò ygòhg` yc~fc`hrecq`hc Bgrkcec yo`gCqyc gycfgxo`hg jcfexr. e~crcxlr Xglhlqowq tcec``hc bw gycfgxxg bwfw`c` hrx egxrl~lfhg` borxc`gqo Bgrkcec oho. Bw h`gehg jg`x& mroqxoyc`fj cfgeoò` `gefo bor ~oqjl~lqfwj egrjgto lfw~& yghoc~ljcfy~xoj jofoqghg` boro`g qcmo~ lfewxwr.

Bgrkcec E. Q ;39+hc bor qrg Crc~fcr xcrci`hc` okcf ghofeo& 31>3 yf`hc Lqec` Kcto+ò`Kg`grcf Ewqlffl` jlewxcq`hcjo Botc`q lrhwqw`w ygègqo`hg` ql`rc Bgrkcec& Jcrgqo Bgy+o Cafc`Bgy+o` ohcrgqo`g koreoxor. Cafc` Bgy+o` fe`hg` ql`rc ygro`g kgg` byj lfw Hgeormc` Bgy+o`jx y`gxoeo ql`waw Bgrkcec 313; xcromo`hg Lqec`f y`gxoeo`g koreoxor.

38. g 37. ytyffcrhc Bgrkcec& oecr iccfoygxfgro cq`hc` byj bor kgfoeg kqxgreo& `gefoyc~fcr o`c ghofeo& gmor Bcjrcy Lcq+`c hlrw kgòfgxofeoxor.

Jg`x& 3=9= yf`c jchcr Bcfjgqor Qcàc+`c& 3=9= yf`hc Ecòqc Gycfgxo+`g g 3=?> yf`hc hcteor fo+`g bcfcèxr.

Xmg Bytc`xowe Ge~grlr Holafgxoc`wq xrogh xl rgqxrwaxwrg xmg Cqoc` aoxogq& c`h ^grkcel` rgeco`gh o` xmgCqoc` Qxcxg. L`g li xmg ilwr egxrl~lfoqgq o` xmcx qxcxg {cq ^grkcel` hwro`k xmg rgok` li Ge~grlr Xglhlqowq. O`xmcx ~grolh& xmg aoxy {cq c` oe~lrxc`x boqml~ ag`xgr li xmg {lrfh li Amroqxocòxy c`h mch l{`gh l`g li xmg qgg`

c~lacfy~xoa amwramgq.^grkcel` {cq laaw~ogh ilr c ~grolh o` ;39. Cixgr Lqec` Kcto hgigcxgh xmg Bytc`xowe crey {moam {cqw`hgr xmg aleec`h li Kg`grcf Ewqlffl` o` 31>3& Bgrkcec rgeco`gh w`hgr xmg klgrèg`x li Cafc` Bgy li Jcrgqo

Bgyfo o. Cixgr moq hgcxm& mg {cq rg~fcagh by moq gfhgr ql` Hgeormc` Bgy& c`h cq c rgqwfx li moq bch klgrèg`x& xmgal`xrlf li Bgrkcec {cq xcjg` lgr by Lxxlec` Ge~org o` 313;.

Bgrkcec qml{gh krgcx hggfl~eg`x o` 38xm c`h 37xm ag`xwrogq. Oe~lrxc`x bwofho`kq {grg al`qxrwaxgh c`hxmg aoxy hggfl~gh cq icr cq BcjorkcyYcffgy.

Xmg aoxy {cq al``gaxgh xl Bcfjgqor w`xof 3=9=& c`h xmg` o` 3=9= xl Ecòqc& c`h fcxgr o` 3=?> xl Oteor.


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hcmc àg o`c ghofeo lfc` Cxmg`c Xc~`c ofg l` bo` qgyorao jc~cqoxgfo C`xoj c+` g` hoj xoycxrlqwjlrwèw& jg`x bw gjorhgo` bor xcrci`hc ygf~ctg booeo`hg cfc` bor ~fc` htgò ogrqo`hgkgfoeoxor.

_wjcr gmor hcmc lj jrcf cofgfgro ofg ofgro kgfg`fgro`& cyh`fcr`& jlewxc`fcr` ojcegx gxxoo boregrjgtho. Bw `ghg`fg bwrcq`` rgqeo bor jcrcjxgro crh. Jg`xo` lrxc jgqoeo`hg jwtgyhg` k`gyg hlrwMgrc g Hgegxgr Jwxqcf cfc`fcr& Cqjfg~olq Xc~`c& kye`cqol`fcr g jg`x gegqo ygr cfecjxcyh. Bwy` ofg lrxc jg`xxg& y`gxoe ofg hlrwhc` ofkofo lfecyc` yc~fcrfc& mcfj` rcmcxfjfc koro~ jx xl~fc`xygrfgro bwfwècjxcyh. Cc jg`xxg& cc cklrc& ywjcr gmrg jc` c`c ylfw` ojo yc``hc q`rfc`c`lj qcyhc hjjc`& boroò` cfwqw`hc mcfg` jct go lfcrcj jwffc`fc`& hogro Cxxcflq go lfcrcj chfc`hrfc`

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E. Q. OO. ytyfhc e~crcxlr Xrcoc`wq g Mchroc`wq y`gxoeo`hg ^grkcel` ~crfcj bor h`geyccexr. Jg`x crxj qwr hwcrfcr`` h`c xc~ tkcrc ~fc`f bor yc~fcec ofg lcyc jchcr ycyfexr.Kgòfgegò` g` `gefo yc~q Qgrc~oq Xc~`c+hr -Jtf Cfw/. Rlec jg`xo`g Rlec xoycxrlqw&ceioxoycxrl g qxchol` hcmof ghofeoxor.


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Xmg wrbcòtcxol` qxrwaxwrg li ^grkcel`& {moam oq c moffy qgxxfgeg`x& rg~rgqg`xq c` w`~rgaghg`xghg}ce~fg li c aoxy hgqok` {oxm rgq~gax xl oxq ilre c`h ~fc .

Xmg icax xmcx xmgrg {cq `lx c`y `cxwrcf cffgy o` ^grkcel` rgsworgh xmg argcxol` li fc`h by egc`q lixgrrcao`k qoàg xmg gcrfogqx xoegq. O` xmg alwrqg li xoeg& cq xmg fc`hq ilr `g{ al`qxrwaxol`q hgargcqgh& lfh xgrrcagq{grg rg~fcagh by `g{gr l`gq. Xmcx+q {my `lx g`lwkm afwgq mcg bgg` ilw`h cblwx xmg gcrfogqx moqxlry li xmg xl{`. Xmglfhgqx ~fcagq li qgxxfgeg`x hoqalgrgh o` xmg acqxfg hcxg bcaj xl B. A. ;% 9xm ag`xwrogq.

Xmg aoxy {cq c krlw~ li al`qxrwaxol`q ilregh {oxm x{l eco` ~crxq qoàg oxq ilw`hcxol`. Xmgqg {grg xmgacqxfg {oxm oxq {cffq l` xl~ li xmg elw`x c`h xmg fl{gr aoxy qwrrlw`hgh by xmg aoxy {cff flacxgh l` xmg qfl~g. Xmgmlwqg qgaxol`q icagh ec`y amc`kgq hg~g`ho`k l` xmg ~lfoxoacf c`h gal`leoa al`hoxol`q {oxm rgq~gax xl xmgor qotg c`hg}~c`qol`.

Xmg aoxy {cffq li ^grkcel` rgcamgh xmgor fcrkgqx qotg hwro`k xmg rgok` li Gweg`gq OO. Cel`k xmg elqxoe~lrxc`x bwofho`kq li Gweg`gq OO ~grolh crg Tgwq Cfxcr al`qxrwaxgh xl xmg egelry li xmg oaxlry {l` ckco`qx xmgKcfcxoc`q& xmg ~rl~yfg`g li Cxmg`cXge~fg c`h xmg qxlcq qwrrlw`ho`k ox& xmg fobrcry o` {moam cblwx 2>> xmlwqc`hbllj rlffq mch bgg` jg~xxmg krgcx ~cfcag c`h xmg aoxy {cffq. Hwro`k xmoq ~grolh li hggfl~eg`x& Xmg Cxmg`cXge~fgc`h xmg qxrcokmxgqx xmgcxrg li xmg c`xoswg ckg {oxm oxq 3> xmlwqc`h ~gl~fg ac~caoxy {grg {gff ~rgqgrgh& c`h xmg aoxyhggfl~gh l` xmg xmrgg qohgq li xmoq alrg qxrwaxwrg o` c ~fc`.

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{grg eggxo`k ~fcagq o` xmg ag`xgr {mgrg xmg ~wbfoa alwfh g`xgr gcqofy& bwx xmlqg ~fcagq mch `l horgax al``gaxol` xl xmgaoxy klgrèg`x.

O` xmg fl{gr aoxy& xmgrg {grg c fl{gr cklrc& ec`y qml~q l` xmg x{l qohgq li xmg eco` rlch fgcho`k xl xmg aoxy&mlwqgq& l`g li {moam oq qxoff bgo`k wqgh cq xmg g}accxol` mlwqg& c`h ~groqxyfg mlwqgq acffgh cq +Cxxcflq mlwqg+.

[oxm rgq~gax xl oxq iwàxol` c`h flacxol`& xmg Cklrc mlwqg o` xmg w~~gr aoxy {cq blxm xll mokm c`h {cqeco`fy wqgh ilr klgrèg`x {lrjq& ql xmg fl{gr cklrc {moam mch bgg` bwofx hwro`k xmg gcrfy ygcrq li Gweg`gq OO {cqxmg xrchg ag`xgr li xmg aoxy.

Xmg {ohg rlch fgcho`k irle l`g ~crx li xmg aoxy xl xmg lxmgrqxcrxq cx xmg Gweg`gq Kcxg cx xmg fl{gr aoxyc`h ecjgq c awrg c`h c ig{ toktckq cx xmg ag`xrcf qgxxfgeg`x c`h xmg` rgcamgq xmg w~~gr aoxy.

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qxchol` mch bgg` chhghxl xmg Rlec` aoxy.


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qxcxgq {moam l{`gh ag`xrcf ~lfoxoacf cwxmlroxy. Qoàg xmg @glfoxmoa Ckg& ox {cq c` oe~lrxc`x qxckg li awfxwrcfhggfl~eg`x {moam rgqwfxgh irle xmg `gagqqoxy xl qgxxfg hl{` c`h fog o` c` lrhgr. O` [gqx C`cxlfoc cq {gff cq o` xmglxmgr ~crxq li C`cxlfoc. ox {cq hwro`k Gcrfy Brl`tg Ckg {mg` xmg flacf awfxwrgq qxcrxgh xl qml{ xmgeqgfgq qxrl`kfy.Xmg al`hoxol`q li xmg rgkol` o` xmg @glfoxmoa c`h Acfalfoxmoa Ckgq mcg `ggr bgg` c qwbdgax li rgqgcram. Xmwq& {g hl`lx mcg hgxcofgh j`l{fghkg cblwx xmlqg ~grolhq.

Hwro`k xmg Gcrfy Brl`tg Ckg& xmgrg mch bgg` oe~lrxc`x hggfl~eg`xq o` eoò`k xgamòswgq& c`h xmg~gl~fg lbxco`gh brl`tg irle c eo}xwrg li al~~gr c`h xo`. Cfql& {g qgg xmcx ~gl~fg qxcrxgh xl fog o` egkcrl`%~fc``gh qxrwaxwrgq -c l`g%rlle qxrwaxwrg {oxm c rgaxc`kwfcr qmc~g c`h c` g`xrcàg cx xmg irl`x/. Cqc al`qgswgàgli xmoq& {g j`l{ xmcx ~gl~fg qwrrlw`hgh xmgor qgxxfgeg`xq {oxm {cffq {oxm c ~rlxgaxolòqx o`qxoàx

Ox qggeq xmcx xmg awfxwrgq {moam lroko`cxgh irle crolwq kglkrc~moacf rgkol`q o` [gqx C`cxlfoc hwro`k

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~lxq ilre xmg ecdlroxy -~oaxwrg 3%8/. _lw ac` qgg xmcx xmgrg crg kglegxroa lr`ceg`xq l` xmgqg ~lxq echg {oxm acrghfo`gq c`h qmc~gq ioffgh {oxm {moxg ~lqxg. Xmgqg ~ogagq {grg ilw`h o` offgkcf g}accxol`q hl`g o` krcgycrhq o`_lrxc`Yoffckg o` xmg xl{` li Kgfgebg& c`h xmgy {grg cbxco`gh xmrlwkm ~wramcqo`k. Xmg icax xmcx qwam ql ec`y

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ilw`h o` krcgq c`h wqgh cq koixq fgix ilr hgch ~gl~fg. Xmgrg crgmlfgq wqgh xl xmrgch lgr xmg x{l mc`hfgq ilw`h l` xmg blhy. Fo`gcrhgalrcxol`q l` xmg algr c`h blhy crg echg bgilrg jof`%hryo`k.O`g`xlry @webgr 4 3822Xy~g 4 Bcjgh afcy^fcag Ilw`h 4 ^wramcqo`kHoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx ;. = ae. Elwxm l~gò`k4 7. 7 ae.^grolh 4 =. A. 1>>> -Gcrfy Brl`tg Ckg/

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ÔAXWRG 1BGCJ ECLWXGH DWK4

Xmgqg ~lxq `cegh cq "bgcj mgchgh dwk"cq xmg elwxm ~crx rgqgebfgq xmg bgcj li cborh {grg l`g li xmg elqx o`xg`qoygf ec`wicaxwrgh ilreq o` xmg Brl`tgCkg. Cq oxeokmx bg w`hgrqxllh irle oxq `ceg& ox {cq wqgh o`qxgchx li xmg dwk li xlhc.Xmgrgilrg& ox oq irgswg`xf ilw`h o` Gcrx Brl`tg Ckg qgxxfgeg`xq c`h o` xmg krcygq lixmcx xoeg. Ox oq mc`hechg.O`yg`xlr @webgr 4 3;13X~g4 Bcjghafc^fcag Ilw`h 4 ^wramcqo`kHoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx2 ;.3ae. Blh hocegxgr4 39. = ae.^grolh 4 B. A. 1>>> -Gcrx Brl`tgCkg/

RGQE4 8JGR@LQ4

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bgtgegfgr bwfw`wr.G`c`xgr @l4 2=1Ao`qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjEtgyg Kgfo gjfo4 Qcx` Cfecffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 ;. = ae. Ct c~4 7. 2 ae.H`geo 4 Grjg` Xw` c -E. . OOO. Bo`/.

ÔAXWRG8JGR@LQ -ALEBO@GH ^LX/4Xmgqg ~lxq `cegh cq Jgr`lq crg ec`wicaxwrgh wqwcff ilr xmg hgch awfxc`h ilw`h elqxi o` krcygq. Ox oq j`l{` xmcx c hoiigrg`x jo`h li krco` qwam cq{mgcx& fg`xof c`h lcx crg ~fcagh o` gcam agff ql cq `lx xl fgcyg xmg ~grql`mw`kgr {mg` qmg,mg rgyoygq cixgr hgcxm. ^lxq echg qg~crcxgf crg wòxghb xmg mgf~ li qleg afc c`h mc`hfgq crg cixgr {crhq chhgh. Wqwcff qleghgalrcxol`q echg w~ li g`krcygh fo`gq o` xmg ilre li toktck lr xroc`kfg crgilw`h cblyg xmgqg.O`yg`xlr @webgr 4 2=1X~g 4 Bcjghafc

fcag Ilw`h . ^wramcqo`kHoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx ;. = ae. Elwxm hocegxgr4 7. 2 c`.

^grolh 4B. A. 1>>> -Gcrx Brl`tg Ckg/


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^RLXLKGLEGXRJ H@GE -E. . 3>7>%?>>/

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^RLXLKGLEGXROA ^GROLH -B. A. 3>7> ?>>/

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KGLEGXROA ^GROLH -B. A. ?>>%97>/

Xmg Kglegxroa ^grolh algrq xmg ygcrq bgx{gg` B. A. ?>>%97> -o` [gqx C`cxlfoc/ c`h ox oq hoohgh o`xl xmrggqxckgq cq Gcrfy& Eohhfg& c`h Fcxg Kglegxroa ^grolh. O` xmcx ~grolh Cxxojc o` Krggag& Bcyrcjf -Lfh fteor/& Eofgxlq&c`h fcqqlq o` [gqxC`cxlfoc {grg oe~lrxc`x ag`xgrq {moam ~rlhwagh {lrjq li crx o` xmg Kglegxroa Qxyfg.


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LRG@XCFTC@ H@GE -E. . 97>%7;>/

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LROGC@XCFOTC@ GROLH -B. A. 97>%7 ;>/

Xmg xrchg rgfcxol`q xmcx qxcrxgh {oxm xmg gcqxgr` qxcxgq o` eoh B. A. ?xm ag`xwr rgcamgh c ~gcj o` B. A. ;xmag`xwr Cfql oèoh B. A. ; xmag`xwr& xmg gcqxgr` oìfwgàg l` xmg agrceoa {lrjq li crx {moam {grg ~rlhwagh o` [gqxC`cxlfoc qxcrxgh xl bg qgg`&o` xmoq {c& xmg kglegxroa elxoygq ~rgyolwqf qgg` o` agrceoa crx {grg qfl{f koyg` w~& c`h o`qxgch& xmg iokwrgq li qwam còecfq cqfol` q~mg`jq& kroil`& {ofh klcx& c`h hggr& c`h qwam ~fc`xq cq flxwq c`h ~cfegxxg {grg ~rgigrcbf wqgh.

Cx xmg bgko`ò`k& xmg lrogc`xcfotc` qxfg hgygfl~gh w`hgr xmg oìfwgàg li Alr o`xm& Cxxoac c`h Jjfch agrceoaq c`h xlqleg g}xg`x w`hgrxmg gcqxgr` crx Hwro`k xmg fcxgr ~grolh& xmg irot fo`gq {moam {grg ilregh {oxm còecf iokwrgq c`h fo`gh w~ l`gcixgr c`lxmgr alygrgh xmg ycqg qwricag. Li xmlqg còecf iokwrgq& xmg iokwrgq li fol`& bwff& q~mo`}& kr~ml`& klcx& {ofh ~ok& rcbbox& hlk&c`h q{c`q {grg xmg elqx qokòioac`x l`gq. O` xmoq qxfg& xmg iokwrgq {grg echg l`f {oxm c brwqm c`h ~co`x& c`h xmg blh hgxcofq{grg qml{` b fgcyo`k q~cag o`%bgx{gg`.

Xmg {lrjq li crx {moam rgifgax xmg lrogc`xcfotc` ~grolh o` Bgrkcec Ewqgwe crg xmg io`ho`kq wàlygrgh o` g}acycxol`qo` c`hcrf , ôxc`g -~oaxwrg 7& 9& =& 3>/ c`h Kr`gol` -~oaxwrgq ;& ?& 33/. [mg` c qxcxwg li Cracoa Jwrlq -lw`k ecfg/ -~oaxwrg31/ {cq ilw`h hwro`k xmg offgkcf g}acycxol`q o` c`hcrf& c qgrogq li g}acycxol`q {grg acrrogh lwx w`hgr xmg ec`ckgeg`x li Lrh.^rli. Hr. Gjrge Cjwrkcf o` xmg `garl~lfoq crgc& c`h c krgcx hgcf li bcjgh afc ~lxq {grg wàlygrgh. Xmoq `garl~lfoq oq xmgroamgqx krcygcrh li xmg càog`x ckg {mgrg xmg ycqgq echg o` xmg {ofh klcx qxfg cq c` g}xg`qol` li crx w`hgr gcqxgr` oìfwgàg

{grg ilw`h. Xmg aoxogq {moam mch c~~fogh xmoq qxfg bgqx {grg ôxc`g& Jfctleg`co& Eofgxwq& ^mljcoc& Qcelq& c`h Amolq. L` xmg~lxq& lw ac` qgg krcto`k klcxq hgh o` hcrj ~co`x l` xmg {moxg qwricag. Lo`lamlgq& ce~mlrcq c`h irwox ~fcxgq {oxm fgkq lr fl{rlw`h bcqg {grg xmg elqx ~rgigrcbf wqgh ilreq.

Lxmgr oe~lrxc`x ~ogagq li Lrogc`xcfotc` ^grolh {moam crg g}moboxgh o` xmg ewqgwe {grg ilw`h o` Kr`gol` -~oaxwrgq ;&?& 33/. Kr`gol` oq qoxwcxgh l` Xgec c ^rlel`xlr g}xg`ho`k o`xl xmg kwfi li c`hcrf Xmg ~ogagq {moam aceg irle mgrg {grgwàlygrgh bgx{gg` 3?7;%7= hwro`k c rlch al`qxrwaxol` c`h c flx li hceckg {cq koyg` xl xmg krcygq. Wìlrxw`cxgf& `lqqxgecxoa rgqgcram c`h g}acycxol` mcq bgg` hl`g mgrg ql icr. L`f& o` 3==1& c qecff%qotg {lrj mch bgg` acrrogh lwx b c krlw~ liIrgàm rgqgcramgrq& c`h bgqohgq& xmg ~rgqgrycxol` g}acycxol`q hl`g o` O?;1& f?;8& c`h 3? ;7 {grg `lx ql oìlrecxoyg.Wfxoecxgf& Xwrmc` tjc`& {ml {cq xmg horgaxlr li fteor Ewqgwe& acrrogh lwx c ~rgqgrycxol` g}acycxol` mgrg o` 3??2.

Cq c rgqwfx li xmgqg {lrjq hl`g o` Kr`gol`& cel`k xmg ~ ogagq xmcx {grg wàlygrgh crg ycqgq {moam mch bgg` ~rlhwagho` xmg flacf xrchoxol`cf qxfg w`hgr gcqxgr` oìfwgàg& Jfo}gq ~rlhwagh o` Cxxoac& c`h ycqgq ~rlhwagh o` xmg bfcaj%iokwrgh qxj-~oaxwrg 32/. Xmoq ag`xgr c`h xmg ~lxq c`h ~fcxgq ilw`h mgrg crg swoxg oe~lrxc`x o` xmcx xmg qml{ wq xmg ~rlhwaxol` ag`xgrq li

~lxq o` xmg lrogc`xcfotc` qxfg& xmgor amrl`lflk& c`h xmgor rgkol`cf qxfg igcxwrgq. Xmgqg io`ho`kq afgcrf qml{ wq xl {mcx g}xg`x xmg

lxmgr ~rlhwaxol` ag`xgrq o` [gqxC`cxlfoc -^mljcoc,Ilc& Jeg,Cfocc& c`hcrf,ôxc`g/ mch bgg` oìfwgàgh b gcam lxmgr.


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RGQE4 7CR_BCFFLQ4 Eoigrfo bc gjfo`hg yc~fe lfc` bw jc~ c`xojchc ~crie jcb lfcrcj jwffc`fexr. Eoigro` qxjqe`hcjo wtc`x jcb` ct jqe` lfwxwrwr. Lfhwjc jj

blywxfw rgxofg` bw jc~fcrhc c`xoj c` g` hggrfo ~criefgroxcècjxcyh.

G`c`xgr @l4 1372Ao qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjBwfw`xw _gro 4 c`hcrf,ôxc`gffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 9& 7 ae. Kgòfoj4 7& 3 ae.H`geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge -E. . 9>>%77>/.

ÔAXWRG7CR_BCFFLQ -W`~wbfoqmgh/4 Xmoq ~lx echg o` xmg qmc~g li c mgch {oxmmgfegx {cq wqgh cq ~griweg al`xco`gr o` xmg C`hg`x grc. Xmg g}xg`qol` l`xmg xl~ ~crx li xmg mgfegx ilreq xmg elwxm ~crx li xmg ~lx. Xmg elqx ycfwcbfg~griwegq li xmg Cramcoa Ckg {grg acr rogh o` xmgqg ~lxq ec`wicaxwrghrcxmgr o` qecff qotgq.O`yg`xlr @webgr 4 1O72

X~g 4 Bcjgh afc^fcag Ilw`h 4 c`hcrf , ôxc`gHoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx4 9. 7 ae. [ohxm4 7 ae^grolh 4Lrogc`xcfotc` ^grolh

-Iorq xmcfi li9xm ag`xwr B. A. /

RGQE4 9 XCBCJ4Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge+hg g` ylw` rgxofg` jc~ilrefcr`` bc`hc xcbcjfcr ygr cfecjxchr. c`hcrf+hcbwfw`c` bw xcbcj& h`geoò` kg`gf tgffojfgroòyc`qxecjxchr. Khg bgyctc blyc`hjxc` ql`rc&bgyct tgeo` tgro`g jcmgrg`ko blyc qqfgegfgryc~fexr. Xcbc` oo`hg flxwq%~cfegx toàoro chgrofg` boxjoqgf bgtgegfgr krfegjxghor. jo jg`crhckrfg` og koro`xofgr jwf~fcr lfwxwrecjxchr. Bwjwf~fcr& c`xoj _w`c` cficbgqo`hg legkc mcrio`gbg`tgegjxghor. Bw`hc` hlfcy bw xo~ xcbcjfcrc "legkcjwf~fw jc~fcr" ch grofor.G`c`xgr @l4 139;Ao`qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjBwfw`xw _gro4 c`hcrf,ôxc`gffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 =& 2 ae. Ct c~4 12& 7 ae.H`geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge -E. . 927%7;7/.

ÔAXWRG 9^FCXG -W`~wbfoqmgh/4Xmg xl~ elqx o`xg`qoygf ec`wicaxwrgh ~lx ilre hwro`k xmg Lrog`xcfoqc` ^grolh oq xmg~fcxg. Xmoq ~fcxg ilw`h o` c`hcrf rgifgaxq xmg kg`grcfigcxwrgq li xmg ~grolh. Cixgr ~co`xo`k xmg blh o` {moxg& brl{` ~co`xgh hgalrcxol`q {grg echg lygr xmg {m+xg bcajkrlw`h. Xmgrg crg qlegblxcòacf hgalrcxol`q ilw`h o`qohg xmg ~fcxg `cegh cq flxwq%~cfegx amco`. f`{crh o`hg`xcxol`q qgg` cx blxm qohgq ilre xmg mc`hfgq. Xmgqgmc`hfgq rgqgebfg xmg fgxxgr legkc li Càog`x Krggj cf~mcbgx. Ilr xmcx rgcql`. xmoq x~g li ~fcxgq crg acffgh cq"legkc mc`hfgh ~lxq".O`yg`xlr @webgr 4 1 O 9; X~g 4 Bcjgh afc^fcag Ilw`h 4 c`hcrf , ôxc`gHoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx =. 2 ae. Elwxm hocegxgr4 12. 7 ae.^grolh 4 Lrog`xcfotc` ^grolh -fcxg ;xm ag`xwr % gcrf 9xmag`xwr B. A./


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bggòfgrgj jwffc`fc` flxwq%~cfegx elxoiobwfwècjxchr.G`c`xgr@l 4 1818Ao`qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjBwfw`xw _gro 4 Kry`gol`ffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 =& 1 ae.

Ct c~4 18& 9 ae.H`geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge-E. . ;. ytyf` ql`w%E. . 9. ytyf` bc/.

ÔAXWRG ;^FCXG -W`~wbfoqmgh/4Xmoq ~lx ilw`h o` Kr`gol` mcq krgcx qoeofcroxogq {oxm xmcx li ôaxwrg9 c`h acrrogh xmg igcxwrgq li xmg Lrog`xcfoqc` ^grolh. Xmg flxwq%~cfegx elxoi oq ilw`ho`qohg xmg ~fcxg {moam {cq mokmf c~~rgaocxgh cx xmcx xoeg.O`yg`xlr @webgr . 1818Xy~g . Bcjghafc

fcag Ilw`h . Kr`gol`Hoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx=. 1 ae. Elwxm hocegxgr4 18. 9 ae.^grolh %. Lrog`xcfotc` ^grolh -Fcxg B. A. ;xm ag`xwr& gcrf9xm ag`xwr/

RGQE4 =EG_YG XCBCO4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge+o` g`qgofg` jc~fcr`hc` boro hg egyg xcbcjfcrhr._jqgj jlòj bor cycc qcmo~ lfc` bwxcbcjfcrhc egyg qgroqo yc~fylrhw. Xcbcj

bgyct blyc ofg blyc`hjxc` ql`rc jcmgrg`koblyc ofg qqfgèoxor . Xcbc` egrjgto`hgyc~rcj elxoifgro& bw`w` gxrci`hc oqg borboroòxcjo~ ghg` ycbc` jgofgro krfegjxghor.Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge oo`hg bgtgeg ycbc`jgoqoò` lj qj jwffc`fh bor qxofkgfoeoxor. Bw qxofg "_cbc` Jgoqo Qxofo" hgòr.Etgeothgjo bw gqgr ycbc` jgoqo qxofoò`ktgf r`gjfgro`hg` borohor.

G` c` xg r @l 4 1 3 = 8Ao qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjBwfw`xw _gro 4 c`hcrf,ôxc`gH`geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge

-E. . 927%9>>/

ÔAXWRG =IRWOX FCXG -W ~wbfoqmgh/4 L`g li xmg elqx ~l~wfcr ~lxq li Lrog`xcfoqc ^grolh crg irwox ~fcxgq. Irwox qgroag lq acrrogh lwx{oxm xmgqg ~fcxgq {rxm c mokm alòacf fgkq. Xmg ~fcxg {cq hgalrcxgh {oxm brl{` ~co`x cixgr mco`k bgg` ~co`xgh {oxm {moxg~co xXmgrg crg qleg fgci elxoiq o` xmg ag xgr li xmg ~fcxg crlw`h {moam crg qleg {ofh klcxq ilffl{o k gcam lxmgr. C qxyfghggfl~gh {oxmo` xmg Lrog`xcfoqc` ^grolh {mgrg {ofh klcxq crg irgswg`xoy wqgh cq hgalrcxol` Xmoq qxyfg oq acffgh"[ofh KlcxQxyfg". Xmoq crxoicax o` lwr ewqgwe oq l`g li xmg elqx bgcwxoiwf g}ce~fgq li {ofh klcxqxyfg.O`g`xlry @webgr 4 13=8Xy~g 4 Bcjghafcy

^fcag Ilw h 4 c hcrf^grolh 4 Lrog xcfotc` grolh-B.A. 927%9>>/


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RGQE4 ?EG_YG XCBCO4C`xoj c+hc eoqcior crfcecj& kgfg` eoqciorfgrgojofo gfgàgfgr htg`fgegj `gefo borkgfg`gjxor. Bw`hc` hlfcy ojo jchgmfgro&qrcmofgr g egtg jl`wfc` egyg xcbcjfc`lfhwjc kqxgrofo yc~fecjxchr. Bwrchcjo rgqoe

bw egyg xcbcjfcr` ` ktgf bor r`go` oqgrkofgegjxghor. Bw xcbcj Rgqoe =+hgjo egygxcbc`c bg`tgegqo`g rceg`& rgxoe ygroicrjff`hc` hlfcy hcmc cj g ~crfcj bgyctjret rg`kg qcmo~xor. Bgtgegqo lfhwjc qchglfecq`c jcr`& jl`xrcqx rg`jfgr ktgf borkrè jctc`hrexr.G`c`xgr @l 4 1812Ao`qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjBwfw`xw _gro 4 Kry`gol`ffgro 4 _ jq gj f o j4 3 1& 8ae.

Ct c4 18& 8 ae.H`geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge -E. . ;. ytyf` ql`w % E. . 9. ytyf` bc/.

ÔAXWRG ?IRWOX ^FCXG -W`~wbfoqmgh/4 f` xmg Càog`x Grc& ox {cq c` oe~lrxc`x awqxle xl {gfaleg kwgqxq c`h crrc`kg g`xgrxcoèg`xq ilr xmge {mgrgcfalmlfoa bgygrckgq {grg qgrygh. Ql& klbfgxq& dwkq c`h irwox ~fcxgq {oxm c~~gxotgrq yygrg echg rcxmgr qml{. Xmoq ôaxwrg oq g}~lqo`k c bgcwxoiwfg}ce~fg li xmgqg irwox ~fcxgq. Cfxmlwkm rgqgebfo`k xmg irwox ~fcxg li ôaxwrg =& hwg xl xmg hoiigrgàg li ec`wicaxwro`k ~fcag& ox mcq c fokmxgrc`h brokmxgr {moxg%rgh alflwr. Hgq~oxg oxq qoe~fg hgalrcxol`& xmg al`xrcqx alflwrq g`xoxfgh c òag c~~gcrcàg.O`yg`xlr @webgr 4 1812X~g 4 Bc jgh afc ^fcag Ilw`h 4 Kr`gol`Hoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx 31. 8ae. Elwxmhoc egxgr4 1 8. 8ae.^grolh 4 Lrog`xcfotc` ^grolh -Fcxg B. A. ;xm ag`xwr& gcrf9xm ag`xwr/

RGQE4 3>L@LJMLG4 Lo`ljmlg& Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge+hg qrcmoò ygro`g jwffc`fc`ylàc ctf bor jc~ ilrewhwr. Etgeothg qgrkofg`g` bw lo`ljmlg ycbc`jgoqo qxofoò` ktgf r`gjfgrhg` borohor. Khghgjo c`c bgtgeg cfc` jofrg`ko`hg brcjfe g bw cfc`c borboroò xcjo~ ghg` lxfcyc` jgo iokrfgrorgqeghofeoxor. H`geo` bor tgffoo lfcrcj jgofgro` crcq hlfhwrec elxoio chgrofg` icrjf elxoifgrfg hlfhwrwfewxwr. Lewthc ~cxfac` elrw g qoycmrg`jxg hof elxoifgro ygr cfr. Khg cfx`hc ` elxoio jwffc`fexr.G`c`xgr @l 4 13=3Ao`qo 4 ôeo Xl~rcjBwfw`xw _gro 4 c`hcrf,ôxc`gffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 27 ae.H geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge -E. . 927%9>>/

ÔAXWRG 3>LO@LAMLG4 Lo`lamlg oq c ~lx ilre {oxm c aflygr elwxm {moam {cq wqgh o`qxgch lixmg dwk hwro`k xmg Lrog`xcfoqc` ^grolh. Xmoq lo`ljmlg g}moboxgh o` lwr ewqgwe oq ckllh g}ce~fg li {ofh klcx qxfg. Xmg eco` hgalrcxol` crgc l` xmg blh {cq fgix cq xmgafc alflwr c`h qleg klcx ikwrgq krcto`k c`h ilffl{o`k gcam lxmgr yygrg hg~oaxgh. Cqc amcrcaxgroqxoa li xmg ~grolh& bgx{gg` xmg klcxq yygrg iffgh {oxm hoiigrg`x elxoiq`cegh cq iffo`k elxoiq. L` xmg roe crg qleg cwbgrko`g ~wr~fg c`h bfcaj alflwrghxl`kwg elxoiq. Rc elxoi oq wqgh bgfl{ xmg blh.O`yg`xlr @webgr 4 13=3X~g Bcjgh afc

fcag Ilw`h 4 c`hcrf ,ôxc`gHoeg`qol` 4 Mgokmx4 27 ae.^grolh 4 Lrog`xcfotc` grolh -B. A. 927 9>>/


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RGQE4 33 ÔAXWRG 33JRCXGR4 JRCXGROEO]O@K B>[F -W`~wbfoqmgh/4C`xoj chc crc~ g` lj xjgxofg` ogagjfgro` bc`hc O` xmg Càog`x grc& {o`g {cq l`g li xmg xl~ elqx al`qwegh hro`jq.kgfoylrhw. Icjcx l h`gefgrhg crc~ kèt Ml{ggr& xmg {o`g li xmlqg xoegq {cq echg ewam elrg qxrl`kgrcrc~fcr`hc` lfhwjc qgrx yc~fecjxcyh. Bw`hc` hlfcy xmc` li xlhcy+q {o`gq. Ql& xmg C`xoswoxy ~gl~fg hrc`j {o`g cixgrofjc o`qc fcr crc~fc qwyw jcrxrhjxc` ql`rc ooylrfcrh. eo}o`k ox {oxm {cxgr. Jrcxgr oq c ~lx wqgh xl eo} {o`g {oxm {cxgr. IlrJrcxgr crc~fc qwyw jcrxrechc jwffc`fc` bor jc~xr xmcx rgcql`& jrcxgrq {grg echg gry {ohg%elwxmgh c`h hgg~. f` xmgBw`hc` hlfcy jrcxgrfgr lfhwjc kgò ctf g hgro` lfh grc xmgrg {cq cx fgcqx l`g jrcxgr cx gcam mlwqg c`h wqwcffy ox {cqyc~fylrhw. Gqjo chc mgr ghg g` ct bor xc`g jrcxgr ~fcagh o` c alr`gr o` xmg qoxxo`k rlle. Xmoq jrcxgr g}moboxgh o` lwrbwfw`wylrhw g kg gfhg lxwrec lhcq` bor jgqo`hg ygr ewqgwe oq l`g li xmg elqx bgcwxoiwf crxoicaxq li Lrog`xcfoqc` grolhcfylrhw. Etgeothg qgrkofg`g` bw jrcxgr& Lrog`xcfotc` c`h qml{o`k cff xmg igcxwrgq li xmg ~grolh. Cixgr xmg jrcxgr {cqH`geo` g` ktgf gqgrfgro`hg` bor. lfw~ h`geoò` bx` algrgh {xm {moxg ~co`x& qleg hgalrcxol`q {grg echg lgr ox {oxmtgffojfgroò qgrkofgegjxghor. Jrcxgr bgyct blyc ofg fokmx brl{` ~co`x. Xmg eco` hgalrcxol` crgc l` xmg arcxgrq oq xmg ~crxjc~fc`hjxc` ql`rc& tgro`g cj jcmgrg`ko blyc ofg fyo`k bgx{gg` xmg x{l mc`hfgq. Cfql mgrg& xmoq crgc bgx{gg` xmg

bgtgegfgr yc~fexr. mc hfgq {cq qgfgaxgh cq eco hgalrcxol` crgc c h qleg alàg xroaaorafgq hgalrcxgh {oxm hlxq c`h borh elxoiq {moam {grg ~l~wfcr cxJrcxgrfgrhg c`c bgtgeg cfc ojo jwf~ crcq`hcjo bfkghor. xmcx ~grolh {grg hg~oaxgh l` xmoq ~crx. W`hgr xmg blhy c h l` xmgBwrchc hc c`c bgtgeg cfc` lfcrcj jwf~fcr crcq`hcjo bfkg fgkq c hgalrcxol` echg w~ li cròqmgh brcohq {cq ~rgig`ghqgofeo g bw cfc`c& crcq ljxcfcrfc bgtgfo jl`qc`xroj O`g`xlry @webgr 4 188;hcorgfgr ofg& bw h`gehg lj bggòfgrgj rgqeghofg` jw Xy~g 4 Bcjgh afcyelxoifo otofeoxor. Khg cfx g cycjxc oqg ioròq bc`xfcrhc` ^fcag Ilw`h 4 Kry`gol`lfwc` bor bgtgeg xgraom ghofeoxor. Hoeg`qol`q 4 Mgokmx 11. 7 ae. Elwxm hocegxgrG`c`xgr @l 4 188; 29. 7 aeA`qo 4 oeo Xl~rcj ^grolh 4 Lrog`xcfotc` grolh -Fcxg B. A. ;xmBwfw`xw _gro 4 Kry`gol` ag`xwry& gcrfy 9xm ag`xwryffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 11& 7 ae. Ct c~4 29& 7H`geo 4 Lrog`xcfotc` H`ge -E. . ;. yy ql`w%

E. . 9. yy bc/.


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46/176

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CRJCJ H@GE -E. . 9>>,7;>%8=>/

C`xoj c+hc& _w`còqxc`+hc g Bcx C`chlfw+hc Jfcqoj H`ge ch grofg` krjgefo qc`cxgqgrfgroò` rgxofhoo h`geo` mctrfj ccecq` lfwxwrc` grgyg "Crjcoj H`ge" ch grofor. CrjcojH`ge+hg ygò jg`xfgr jwrwfwrjg`& gqjo jg`xfgr hg mtf bor kgfooe qrgao`g koreoxor. Bcx C`chlfw g_w`còqxc`+hc Hgeljrcqo eachgfgfgro crxe& kgfog` o`qc` mcjfcr g hcmc tkr ycqcfcrqc`cxfcr` ygò crcyfcrc koregfgro`g gxjg` lfwxwrew& qgrceoj& mgyjgf& eoecro kobo qc`cxhcffcr`hc hgooj qxoffgr lrxcyc jexr. Etgeothg qgrkofg`g` 2 gqgr -Rgqoe 32%31/ Crjcoj H`geqgrceooò g mgyjgfxrcf` xcècet cq`hc` lfhwjc byj `geg qcmo~xor.

CRJCJ H@GE QGRCEE. . 91> yffcr`hc _w`còqxc`+` Cxo`c jg`xo`hg "qoycm iokr xgjòo" ch grofg` kgò bor qgrceoj

bgtgeg xgjòo lrxcyc jcr. Bw xgjòjxg& crjxc gjofg` ctlfcr` tgro`g& irc ycrheyfc ioròq chgrofg` oàgfxofeo jof ofg rgqoe yc~fecjxchr. Hcmc ql`rc ctlfcr ir`fcec ofgeo`g xcboxwxwfecjxchr. Ir`fcec gq`cq`hc& ir`` qacjf ?>> hgrgagò` tgro`g jx`hc& ioròqfg yc~fergqoefgr ljqoxfgègyg wrcycrcj qoycm bor kr`x mcfoò cfrjg`& ctl`w` ytgyo jret rg`jxg jcfr.Rgqqce& ir`fcec ofgeo`hg` ql`rc jgqjo` bor bcj ycrheyfc iokrfgro` hgxcyfcr` jctec otkofgrfg

bgforxor. Ql`w lfcrcj iokrfgr qoycm bor kr`x cfrjg`& awx hgxcyfcr g gfboqgfgr jctec otkofgrfgbgforxofor. Bw xgjòo g` oyo wykwfcyc` jg`x Cxo`c lfecjfc borfojxg. Bcx C`chlfw+hc Jfctleg`co,Wrfcjg`xo`hg hg lfhwjc jcfoxgfo qoycm iokrf qgrceojfgr rgxofeoxor. Etgeothg qgrkofg`g` qoycm iokrfctlfcr c`hcrf,ôxc`g g Kry`gol`+hcjo -Rgqoe 32/ jctfcrhc gfg kgeo gqgrfgrhor g qoycm iokrxgjòoò` bx` tgffojfgroò qgrkofgegjxghorfgr.

CRAMCOA GROLH -B. A. 9>>, 7;>%8=>/

Xmg xoeg ilreo`k xmg ~rg~crcxol` ~mcqg li xmg ~grolh `cegh cq xmg Afcqqoacf ^grolh& {mg` kflrolwq {lrjq li crx {grg ~rlhwagh o`Krggag c`h [gqx C`cxlfoc o` xmg Càog`x Grc& oq acffgh "Cramcoa Ckg". [mofg `g{ aoxogq {grg bgo`k gqxcbfoqmgh o` xmg Cramcoa Ckg& lfh aoxogqg`xgrgh c q~ggh hgygfl~eg`x ~mcqg. Xmg hgelarca qxrwkkfgq oàrgcqgh o` [gqxC`cxlfoc c`h Krggag& irggr fc{q fgh xmg crxoqxq xl g`xgr `g{qgcramgq c`h hoiigrg`x qxfgq aceg lwx o` xmg crx brcàmgq qwam cq agrceoaq& qawf~xwrg c`h cramoxgaxwrg. Xmgqg x{l {lrjq hoq~fcgh o` lwrEwqgwe -ôaxwrgq 32%31/ mcyg c krgcx oe~lrxcàg cq xmg fgx wq kgx caswco`xgh {oxm xmg agrceoaq c`h qawf~xwrg li xmg Cramcoa Ckg.

CRAMCOA ^LXXGR_4

O` xmg gcrq B. A. 91>& c agrceoa hgalrcxol` xgamòswg `cegh cq "bfcaj iokwrg xgamòswg" c~~gcrq o` xmg Cxmg`q aox li Krggag. O` xmoqxgamòswg& hrc{o`kq crg echg l` xmg ycqgq xwr`gh o` xmg arc`j {oxm xmg mgf~ li c brwqm wqo`k rgio`gh afc `cegh cq ioròq. Xmg` xmg ycqgq klxmrlwkm bcjo`k ~rlagqq. Hwro`k xmg bcjo`k& {mg` xmg mgcx li xmg lyg` kgxq lygr ?>> hgkrggq& xmg hrc{o`kq echg {oxm ioròq kgx l}ohotgh c`h xwrò`xl c bfcaj oeckg {mgrgcq xmg qwricag li xmg ycqg rgeco`q rgh. Xmg ~co`xgr hgio`gq xmg hgxcofq li xmg iokwrgq {oxm g`krcygh fo`gq {oxm xmgmgf~ li c qmcr~ jòig cixgr xmg bcjo`k ~rlagqq. Cq c rgqwfx& {mgrgcq xmg iokwrgq kgx c bfcaj c~~gcrcàg& xmg blh hgxcofq c`h hrgqqgq crgq~gaoiogh {oxm g`krcygh fo`gq. Cfxmlwkm xmg aox bgqx c~~fo`k xmoq xgamòswg oq Cxmg`q& cfql qleg rcxmgr swcfox bfcaj iokwrgh agrceoaq {grgec`wicaxwrgh o` xmg [gqx C`cxlfoc cx Jfctleg`co O Wrfc aox. Xmg bfcaj iokwrgh ycqgq hoq~fcgh o` lwr ewqgwe crg crxoicaxq ilw`h o` xmgg}acycxol`q cx c`hcrf,ôxc`g c`h Kr`gol` -ôaxwrg 32/ c`h g}~lqg cff xmg amcrcaxgroqxoaq li bfcaj iokwrg xgamòswg.


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CRJCJ H@GE MG_JGFXRCFOO4

_w`còqxc` g Bcx C`chlfw jg`xfgro E. . =. ytyfhc Eqrfc xoacro ofojofgr jwrecyc bcfcefcrhr.Bw ofojofgr E. . ;. ytyfhc hlrwj `ljxcyc jexr. Bw`w` ql`waw lfcrcj hc bw jg`xfgr E. . 98>yffcr`hc oxobcrg` xc%egregr yc~e byj blywxfw mgyjgffgr rgxofegyg bcfcèxr. Bw xcromfgrhg`Crjcoj H`ge+o` ql`w`c jchcr -E. . 8=>/ rgxofg` mgyjgffgr Jwrlq -kg` grjgj/ g Jlrg -kg` jt/lfecj tgrg ojo c`c krw~xc xl~fcècjxchr. _cjfcj 37> yf blywàc rgxofg` Crjcoj mgyjgffgr Eqrgxjoqo xcecjxc lfw~& lrxcj tgffojfgr kqxgrorfgr. Jlrg g Jwrlqfcr& lfhwjc jcx bor hwrwc qcmo~xor. Bcht bor gjofhg ofgro bcjcr ~ltoqyl`hchr. Jlffcr yc` xcrcic qcrje lfw~& mcioi gjofhg bcacjfcrcyc~jxr. Qc cycj bor che `hghor. Etgeothg qgrkofg`g` Crjcoj H`ge+g cox jwrlq mgyjgfo-Rgqoe 31/& qxc`bwf Crjglfldo Etgqo+`hgjo jwrlq bc& Rlhlq+xc bwfw`c` bor jwrlq bc g xce borjwrlq mgyjgfo ofg Bcx C`chlfw Crjcoj H`ge mgyjgfxrcf`` g` `chor g g` ktgf gqgrfgroò lfwxwrwr.

CRAMCOA QAWF^XWRG4

Krggag c`h [gqxC`cxlfoc aoxogq qxcrxgh qgxxo`k w~ aleegraocf rgfcxol`q {oxm Gk~x o` xmg =xm Ag`xwr B. A. Xmgqg rgfcxol`q rgcamgh oxq ~gcjo` xmg ;xm ag`xwr B. A. Cq c rgqwfx li xmoq. qxcrxo`k irle gcrq B. A. 98>& qxl`g%ecrbfg echg bok qotgh qawf~xwrgq {grg bgo`k ~rlhwagh o`xmgqg aoxogq. Irle xmgqg hcxgq w`xof xmg g`h li Cramcoa Grc -B. A. 8=>/ {grg krlw~gh w`hgr x{l eco` acxgklrogq& `cegf Jwrlq -lw`k ec`/ c`hJlrg -lw`k {lec`/. Xmg Cramcoa qawf~xwrgq ~rlhwagh c~~rl}oecxgf hwro`k 37> gcrq mcyg bgg` w`hgr xmg oìfwgàg li Gk~x c`h qml{aleel` amcrcaxgroqxoaq. Jlrgq c`h Jwrlq mcyg c rcxmgr rokoh ~lqxwrg. Xmg mgch oq o` xmg ~lqoxol` flljo`k ilr{crhq. Xmg creq mc`k fllqg l`xmg qohgq c`h qfokmxf afo`k xl xmg fgkq. Xmg rokmx illx oq l`g qxg~ cmgch. Xmg Jwrlq qxcxwg irle Cramcoa Grc hoq~fcgh o` lwr ewqgwe-ôaxwrg 31/& xmg Jwrlq mgch o` xmg qxc`bwf Cramglflkjcf Ewqgwe& xmg Jwrlq mgch ilw`h o` Rmlhgq c`h [gqxC`cxlfoc {oxm c {mlfgJlwrl qxcxwg ecjg w~ xmg rcrgqx c`h elqx bgcxoiwf crxoicaxq li xmg Cramcoa G rc Qawf~xwrg.

RGQE4 31JWRLQ MG_JGF4

_cjfcj lfcrcj E. . 77> yffcr`c xcromfo lfc` bw jwrlq -kg` grjgj/ mgyjgfo& Bcx C`chlfw CrjcojH`ge mgyjgfxrcf`` g` `gefo gqgrfgro`hg` boroò lfwxwrecjxchr. Kg`gfhg Xc~`cjfcr` ``g ychc jwxqcf cfc`fcrc qw`w lfcrcj hojofg` bw mgyjgffgr ofj h`gefgrhg jorg xc`hc`& hcmc ql`rcfcr oqgegregrhg` yc~fefcrhr. Bw h`gehg o`qc`fcr byj blywxfw mgyjgf yc~ecy ygòrg`hojfgro`hg`& mgyjgffgr lfhwjc lrc`xqt g jcbc yc~fexr. Yawx gfgec`fcr`` borborfgro ofgwywew& ~qojlfldoj oichgò` yc`qxfecq lfhwjc bccrqthr.G`c`xgr @l 4 3?Ao`qo 4 EgregrBwfw`xw _gro 4 c`hcrf,ôxc`g Jctqffgro 4 _jqgjfoj4 3& 92 e. Kgòfoj4 7> ae.H`geo 4 Crjcoj H`ge -_cjfcj E. . 77>/

ÔAXWRG 31JLWRLQ QXCXWGXmoq Jwrlq -lw`k ec`/ qxcxwg c~~rl}oecxgf irle gcrq B. A. 77> ilreq l`g li xmg elqx oe~lrxc`x crxoicaxq li [gqx C`cxlfoc` Cramcoa GrcQawf~xwrg. Xmgqg qxcxwgq& {moam {grg wqwcff grgaxgh cq c ~rgqg`xcxol

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