bernard kippelen seminar

8/9/2019 Bernard Kippelen Seminar

1/57

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Organic Semiconductors

for Energy Efficiency

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2/57

4+';)*=5+

?=


3/57

Global macro trends: the

zetta era

S*Q,'+-)*B *,*-+%.,$TUV8 0)KK)


4/57

Innovation

c


5/57

Disruptive technologies

3D+\1'D G,


6/57

Organic semiconductors

&'()Q


7/57

The vision: flexible printed

electronics

g


8/57

Outline

!i,B+*)Q K)B=1O'()j*B D)


9/57

The dawn of the OLED era

&+(-5*B

l=)K)\-

W


10/57

Organic light-emitting diode

N+*B +*D L+*&K6H' 3\\KV l=6-V g'aV :8. W8b Y8W[UZ

C


11/57

From fluorescence to

phosphorescence

$


12/57

Trends in device architecture

IDS

G

S

D

NMOS transistors forAMOLED displays:

$


13/57

N\l6l0

Green bottom-cathode, top-

emitting OLED

A')1=

A*+5',

!=-+*

E+F+G+2+D)

J


14/57

Inverted top-emitting OLEDs on

glass

-2 0 2 4 6 810

-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

10210

3

104

Curre

ntDensity(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

KAK-II-38F

0 2 4 6 810

1

102

103

104

105

106

Lum

inance(cd/m2)

Voltage (V)

10

15

20

25

30

35

KAK-II-38F

EQE(%)

Luminance

(cd/m2)

Voltage (V) EQE*(%) Current Density

(mA/cm2)

Current Efficacy (cd/A)

10 3.6 30.1 1.5 x 10-2 109.7

100 4.2 29.1 1.4 x 10-1 106.1

1,000 5.0 25.4 1.4 92.5

10,000 6.2 20.3 14.2 74.1

100,000 8.8 9.7 280.1 37.4

YqZ !p! ('+-5,'D +--5()*B g+(2',_+* '()--)


15/57

Inverted multi-junction

OLEDs

&)*BK' F5*Q_


16/57

Stacked double-junction

inverted OLED

RK+--

l!@iNTl&& Yc9 *(Z

3K Y:9 *(Z

g)" Y7V: *(ZN\l6l0 Yc9 *(Z

$0lTS,Y\\6ZbX^ Y79 *(Z

N3l$ Yb: *(Z

C3NO$E Y89 *(Z

3K Y7V: *(Z

g)" Y8V9 *(Z

N\l6l0 Yc9 *(Z

$0lTS,Y\\6ZbX^ Y79 *(Z

N3l$ Yb: *(Z

J


17/57

Efficacy with light outcoupling

layer

A3AOSSOWW@b

A3AOSSOWW":A3AOSSO887Rc

101 102 103 104 1050

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200220

Single-unit OLED

Double-unit OLED

Double-unit OLED

with outcoupling

CurrentEffic

acy(cd/A)

Luminance (cd/m2)

! ; ? @A


18/57

Thermally activated delayed

fluorescence (TADF)

/


19/57

TADF device structure

YDZ

Nl0)Y'Z

3D+Q=) N3@"

'()a',

C


20/57

@'M)Q' g5()*+*Q'

YQDn(7Z

L


21/57

TADF device roll-off

102

103

104

0

20

40

60

80

MPG_III_70C

3 Devices Shown

CurrentEffica

cy(cd/A)

Luminance (cd/m2)

0

20

40

60

80

PowerEfficacy(Lm/W)

JV R+F. 0V A)\\'K'* '1 +KV i,BV !K'Q1,


22/57

Device platform #2

!i,B+*)Q K)B=1O'()j*B D)


23/57

Atomic layer deposition for

OFETs

L1MD: 2)38 >NO /%3" &)"+"93#)9P Q8%$/ "3 %+G L#/G M+"93#,$G I H@I R;


24/57

Si

Si

DVEWXE"$3%9"$"

-8-6-4-2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

VTH

= - 3.6 V ,

= 1.11 cm2/Vs

W/L = 2550 m/180 m

VDS

= - 8 V

IG

IDS

1/2

(

A)1/2

IDS(

A)

VGS

(V)

N,2X4,+3%/" ,*"#%.,$

%$& 8)/8 5,Y)+)30

DVEWX*"$3%9"$" Z ED>>

Au Au

CYTOP (40 nm)

>+;LF RC< $5S

Al

Glass

PVP

Bi-layer gatedielectric

CFCF

O

C

F2

CF2

CF2F2C

[\DLE

R>:%8) /+%::S

OFETs with bilayer gate

PFBT

n

N

CH3

CH3H3C

ED>>

@< A65*B

C;+*B

OG(G 72%$/A !G ()**"+"$A "3 %+G >&4%$9"& ]%3"#)%+:A ;FA @;KF U%$G R;


25/57

-8-6-4-20

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

-8-6-4-20

10-11

10-1010

-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

Plot every

100th

interval

VGS

(V)

IDS

(A)

Plot every 2000thinterval

W/L = 2550 m/180 m

VDS

= - 8 V

;>

Au Au

CYTOP (40 nm)

>+;

LF

RC< $5S

Al

Glass

PVP

+,-./ 012 345678*.9 0:2 345

PFBT

OG(G 72%$/A !G ()**"+"$A "3 %+G

>&4%$9"& ]%3"#)%+:A ;FA @;KF U%$G

R;


26/57

Environmental tests

DVEWX*"$3%9"$" Z ED>>

>- >-

+,-./ RJ< $5S

>+;LF RC< $5S

>+

;8


27/57

>#?@)A%" )"BA"3C" D6E F 0C4*6=)5 =-G

0=5

E#):.$" ;CC)# `,# @@ 5,$38: ;CC


28/57

S*HOF'1 \,)*1'D i"!N-

3Q_MS*H E7799

-2 0 2 4 6 8 1010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

public\shared\OFET\Do Kyung\DK-II-19_Reddy\TR\Printed TR\Ag and di-CB PES

VGS(V)

IDS

(A)

VTH

= 1.8 V ,

= 0.17 cm2/Vs

W/L = 2000 m/180 m

VDS

= 10 V

IDS

1/2

(

A)1/2

_OVX!DDQX_OV

*>/ *>/

+,-./ RJC $5S

>+;LF RC< $5S

>+

/>H

J+,D', B,


29/57

Repeatable sensor response to cysteine

1 0 -1 -2 -3

10-9

10-8

10-7

in air

under DI water

Ag gate

W/L= 2550 m/180 m

VDS

= -2 V

-IDS

(A)

VGS

(V)

MY2012#1P60-A_R204

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

R:\Public\Shared\OFET\Minseong\MY2012\#1P60-A\R204W2550L180\2. After 93 days

(

-IDS

)1/2

(

A)1/2

Stable operation under water

Water-stable OFET for biological

sensing

-0.10

-0.15

-0.20

-0.250 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

0

2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

0

2

IDS

(A)

DIwater(L)

Cysteine(

L)

Time (s)

JV >5*. 0V A)\\'K'*. '1 +KV 3$& 3llgS!@ J3N!#S3g& v

SEN!#"3$!& X YbZ. 8X8XO8X77 Y798cZ 7W


30/57

Device platforms

!i,B+*)Q K)B=1O'()j*B D)


31/57

Organic photovoltaics

() C) ?#5%N< W) /411%# 456 0#XY#-A%-$< 7'%8) V%Z);Y:,#Y"# !K'Q1,


32/57

2C[B

[D

\]

+Z S* 1=' D+,H 2Z /*D', )KK5()*+_


33/57

Challenges in organic

photovoltaics

!

&'()Q


34/57

Polymeric surface modifiers

W%5*+": d,#b `-$9.,$ R"eS

SNi cVX7 x 9V9X

SNinlLl Y8 *(Z cV79 x 9V9X

P


35/57

UPS characterization

SNiT P" u cVc 'L

SNin lLlT P" u bVX 'L

&=)y


36/57

Polymeric surface modifiers:

optimization

N

NHO N

OH

OH

NNH

OH

x y z

PEIE

-18 -17 -16

Au

Au + PEIE

ITO

ITO + PEIE

Intensity(A.U.)

PH1000

PH1000 + PEIE

E w.r.t. Fermi level (eV)

>)*=5+

?=


37/57

Thermal and environmental

stability

0 100 200 300 400

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8ITO/PEIE

Workfunction(eV)

Temperature (OC)

ITO

1 10 100 1000

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8ITO/PEIE

Workfunction(eV)

Time exposed in air (h)

ITO

bU


38/57

Validation in solar cells

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

-1 0 11n

1!

1m

1

Curre

ntDensity(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

Dark

Light

V(V)

J(A/cm

2)

Substrate name Active layer VOC

(mV)

JSC(mA

cm-2)

FF !(%)

JWS-III-124K PBDTTT-C:PC60BM 6771 16.10.4 0.610.01 6.6 0.2

3B Y8:9 *(Z

J


39/57

First completely plastic solar cell

bW


40/57

Completely plastic solar cell

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

-1 0 1 21n

1!

1m

CurrentDensity(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

V(V)

J(A/cm

2)

VOC: 0.80 0.02 V

JSC: 7.1 0.3 mA/cm2

FF : 0.52 0.02

PCE : 3.0 0.2%

All-polymeric

P3HT:ICBA

PH1000

PEDOT-blend

PEI

PES

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

VIVIVIII

Norma

lizedPCE

Continuous bending

III

ICBA

P3HT

ST E';K6 G+2,)Q+1'D

SST ")`'D


41/57

Modeling of organic solar cells

""."/7+*D J=7+,' *


42/57

Current-voltage

characteristic

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

-1 0 110p

10n

10!

10m

Low shunt resistance device

Current(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

TK-V-135C#1

V(V)

J(A/cm

2)

SNinl!S!nlbCNTS$03nJ


43/57

Experiment vs. theory

&=


44/57

High shunt resistance

device

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-15

-10

-5

0

510

15

20

25

-1 0 110p

10n

10!

10m

High shunt resistance device

Current(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

TK-V-135 C#4

V(V)

J(A/cm

2)



45/57


(revisited)



46/57


(revisited)

10-3

10-2

10- 1

100

101

102

103

104

105

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

High shunt resistance

Low shunt resistance

Voc(V)

Jsc (A/cm2)

High shu nt: TK -V- 135 C#4

Low shu nt: TK -V-135C#1

VOC

=nkT

eln(

JSC

J0

+1)



47/57

Influence of shunt

resistance+Z

2Z

QZ

cU

M d li ith i l t


48/57

Modeling with equivalent

circuit

c[


49/57

Additive transfer lamination

P3HT:ICBA-L

PH1000

PH1000-L

PEI

PES

l!&nl!@iNTl&&nl!SnlbCNTS$03Ognl!@iNTl&&Og

S#8%5014,9-%T -5m` Og('+*- K+6', =+- 2''* 1,+*-G', K+()*+1'D

$


50/57

J-Vcharacteristics

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-1 0 110p

10n

10!

10m

Current(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

YHZ-III-135D#2,3

V(V)

J

(A/cm

2)


:9


51/57

Light-intensity dependence

room light

1E-10 1E-9 1E-8 1E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

VOC

(V)

ISC

(A)

>C?OSSSO8b:Ez7

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.01E-8

1E-7

1E-6

1E-51E-4

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

Currentden

sity(mA/cm

2)

Voltage (V)

dark

ISC

(A):

4.5e-10

8.4e-10

2.36e-9

5.68e-9

2.75e-8

5.67e-8

1.07e-7

3.0e-75.1e-7

6.74e-7

2.08e-6

8.7e-6

1.85e-5

5.8e-5

2.23e-4

5 I K)_G

"PI XV7 { 89O883nQ(7

0

ln( 1)LOC

InkTV

e I= +


>V ?=


52/57

Sustainable and green?

E''D '+,1= +25*D+*1 (+1',)+K- +*D ,'*';+2K' (+1',)+K-

@'M'K


53/57

Forest nanotechnology

JV l


54/57

Recyclable solar cells

>V ?=


55/57

Recycling of organic solar

cells

::


56/57

The path forward

g


57/57

bernard kippelen seminar

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