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GEOGRAPHY

Forests of India

:(Forest: meaning)

.The total plant life growing naturally in an area is called forest or Natural vegetation.

Types of forest

/ :-(The forests of India are divided into Six main types)1. (Ever green forest)2. (Deciduous mansoon forest)3. (Tropical grass lands) 4. (Mangrove forests)5. (Desert vegetation)6. (Alpine forests of Himalaya)

1. (Tropical Evergreen forest)

250 .. 900 . . (In India,evergreen forests are found in regions which are not more than 900 mts. Above sea level and receive an annual rainfall of more than 250cms)

(total area): 2.6 . Evergreen forests occupy about 2.6 lakh hectares

. evergreen forests are found in these parts of india

,, , (NorthEastern states of Assam,Meghalaya,Tripura,Manipura,Nagaland)

(Western Ghats)

(Andaman Nicobar island)

.(Lakshadweep island)

Lakshadeep Andaman Nikobar

,,

, (Assam,Meghalaya,Tripura,Manipura,Nagaland)

: (Evergreen forest in India)

/ . Since the trees are always green they are called evergreen forest.

: (The trees of Evergreen forest)

(Ebony)

(Mahagony)

(rubber)

2. (Tropical deciduous mansoon forests)

. (Since India has mainly mansoon climate,this type of forests is distributed widely) " " .(The trees shed their leaves during the dry winter hence they are called as deciduous forests.)

75 250 . (deciduous forest are largely seen in the areas which receives 75 to 250 cms of rain fall)

. 65.5 . (It forms about 65.5% of total area of forests)

: (Important trees of these forests)

(sandalwood)

(sal)

(teak)

:(Evaluation)

1. ? (How many types of forests are found in India?2. . (Name the different types of forests in India.) 3. ? (Where do you find evergreen forests in India?4. ' '.?(Why tropical mansoon forest is also called as 'Deciduous forests'?5. ? (Which are the trees found in deciduous mansoon forests?

3. (Tropical grassland)

60 75 . (This types of vegetation are found in the areas receiving 60 to 75cms of rainfall.) , . (Central parts of the peninsular plateau,Border areas of Thar desert to the west of Aravali hills have this types of vegetation.

^^^

(Vegetation of gassland)

. (In these areas have tall grass and small herbs are rarely seen here) , , . (Babool,seesum and sabhai types of grass are seen in these areas.)

4. (Mangrove forests)

, . . (These forests are formed due to tides.Mangrove forests are found along the deltas and coastal regions and estuaries of rivers,that are subjected to tide.)

(distribution)

, ,, . (River deltas of The Ganga.Mahanadi,Godavari and Krishna have this kind of forests.)

4.4 ... .(The total area of this forests is about 4.4 thousand sq.kms.

. (The 'Sundari'trees are plenty in the Ganga basin and hence these forests are called 'Sundarbans'.)

: ,

:(Evaluation)

1. ?1. where do we find tropical mosoon forest in india?2. .2. name the types of grass found in tropical grassland forest.3. ?3. where do we find mongrove forest in india?4. '' .?4. why does the gangetic delta is also call as sunderbans? 5. .5. Name the plants grown in mangrove forest,

5. : (Desert vegetation)

50 .. .(these types of vegetations are found in regions receiving less than 50cms of rainfall) * , .(the Thar desert in Rajasthan and its adjoining areas in Punjab,Haryana and Gujarat have these forests.

Gujarath

(features of this vegetation) * .* . (the plants are deep rooted and consists mainly of thorny shrubs)

(Desert vegetation)

:(Desert plants)

6. (Alpine forests of Himalaya)

. . . (Different types of forests are found in Himalayas.As the height increases,the tropical type of climate changes into the polar types of climate.According to the changes in climate various types of plants are found.)

(Alpine vegetation)

,,, ,, . (Sal, Byra,Toon,Silver spruce,Laurel etc.These trees have pointed leaves)

(The important trees of Alpine)

:(Evaluation)

1. ? (where do we find desert forest in india?) 2. ? (what are the features of desert vegetation?)3. ? (How much of rainfall does desert forest normaly receive?)4. . ?( why does the different types of forests found in himalyan mountain region?)5. . ( Name the important trees of himalayan region)

:

33 .( according to scientists an area should have 33% of forest for the ecological balance.

. 2009 6.9 ... .21.02 .( according to survey conducted in 2009 india has 6.9 lac sqkms of forest area which is about 21.02% of the total georgaphicla area)

~ , . 13 .( madhya pradesh has largest area under forest where as Haryana stands last and karnataka stands at number 13)

Causes for the destruction of forest

:

1. (Expansion of agriculture)

2. (animal grazing)

3. ( construction of roads and railway lines)

4. ( irrigation project)

5. (mining)

6. ( forest fires and volcano eruptions)

(forest conservation)

:( meaning of forest conservation)

, .( protection of forest from human activities, animals and natural disasters is called as forest conservation)

( methods of forest conservation)

.( protection of forest trees from deseases )

.(planting saplings)

. (guarding of trees against illegal cuttings)

.( avoiding the grazing of domestic animals in forest)

.( motivating people to plant trees)

.( implementing the social forestry project at a speedy and successful pace.

.( cutting down the dried up trees which may catch fire quickly)

( wildlife sanctuaries of India)

.( wildlife sanctuaries have been set up to protect animals in their natural habitat) 523 . ( there are 523 wildlife sanctuaries in India)

( Important wildlife sanctuaries of India)

: , , . ( Anna malai, coimbatur and niligiri wildlife sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu)

: , (Madarihat and jaldapur sanctuaries in West Bengal)

: , ( Bharatpur, and kivaladeo bird sanctuaries in Rajasthan)

: , (Sultanpur, Gurgaon wildlife sanctuaries in Hariyana)

: , (Beermoti bagh, Patiala sanctuaries in Punjab)

: , .(Guntur, Nagarjuna sagar sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh)

(National parks of india)

99 .
:( there are 99 national parks in India)

( Jim corbett national park of Uttaranchal)

() ( kaziranga national park in Assam)

() (Gir national park in Gujrat)

() (Hazirabagh national park in Bihar)

( ) kanha national park in Madhya pradesh)

( other national parks)

( )(Mandya balghat National park in madhya pradesh)

, ()(Tandowa,Chandrapur national parks in Maharasthra)

,, () Bandipur, Nagarhole and Bannerughatta national parks in Karnataka)

(Evaluation)

1. ? (which state in india has the largest forest area?2. ? ( what are the causes for forest destruction)3. ? ( what do you suggest for the conservation of forests?4. ? ( what is the conservation of forest?)5. . Name the important national parks of India. 6. ? (How many wildlife sanctuaries are there in India?

Thank you

Dhanyakumara NAssistant masterGovt.High school ChikkajalaBangalore north-04