brighton business school referencing handbook · university of brighton. j=o=j= ... are familiar...

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Brighton Business School Referencing Handbook

4th Edition

Editor: Tracey Taylor University of Brighton

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Brighton Business School Referencing Handbook 4th Edition

Editor: Tracey Taylor

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Contents page 1. Introduction: Referencing your work=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=R

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2. Examples: journals, books, newspapers, printed materials=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NM OKNK _ççâ=J=låÉ=~ìíÜçê=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NM OKOK _ççâ=J=qïç=~ìíÜçêë=çÑ=çåÉ=ïçêâ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NM OKPK _ççâ=J=qÜêÉÉ=~ìíÜçêë=çÑ=çåÉ=ïçêâKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NM OKQK jçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜêÉÉ=~ìíÜçêë=çÑ=çåÉ=ïçêâK=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NN OKRK _ççâ=J=^å=~ìíÜçê=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=çåÉ=ÅáíÉÇ=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=óÉ~ê=KKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NN OKSK _ççâ=J=`áíáåÖ=ëÉÅçåÇ~êó=ëçìêÅÉë=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NO OKTK _ççâ=J=bÇáíÉÇ=_ççâë=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NO OKUK `Ü~éíÉê=áå=_ççâ=Ó=íïç=Éñ~ãéäÉë=ÄÉäçï=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NO OKVK båÅóÅäçé~ÉÇá~=çê=aáÅíáçå~êó=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NP OKNMK gçìêå~äë=J=~êíáÅäÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NP OKNNK _ççâë=C=gçìêå~äë=Ó=tÜÉå=ÅáíáåÖ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=çåÉ=ïçêâ=áå=~=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NP OKNOK `çåÑÉêÉåÅÉ=m~éÉê=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NQ OKNPK kÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉë=J=éêáåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~ìíÜçê=ÄóJäáåÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NQ OKNQK `çêéçê~íÉ=~ìíÜçêëI=êÉéçêíëI=éêáåíÉÇ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NQ OKNRK ^ååì~ä=oÉéçêí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NR OKNSK `çããÉêÅá~ä=oÉéçêí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NR OKNTK iÉÅíìêÉ=åçíÉëKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NR OKNUK cáÖìêÉë=Ó=í~ÄäÉë=Ó=Çá~Öê~ãë=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NR

3. Examples: electronic sources – not printed=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NS PKNK `áíáåÖ=~å=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅLçåäáåÉ=ëçìêÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=íÉñí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NT PKOK bäÉÅíêçåáÅLçåäáåÉ=ëçìêÅÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ëÉÅíáçå=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NT PKPK pÉ~êÅÜ=ÉåÖáåÉë=~êÉ=åçí=î~äáÇ=ëçìêÅÉë=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NT PKQK Ó=bäÉÅíêçåáÅLçåäáåÉ=~êíáÅäÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Ó=ÇçÉë=åçí=Ü~îÉ=~=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=éêáåíÉÇ=îÉêëáçå=KK=NT PKRK fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=àçìêå~ä=~êíáÅäÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NU

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PKSK låäáåÉ=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉë=ïáíÜ=~ìíÜçê=ÄóäáåÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NU PKTK låäáåÉ=åÉïëé~éÉê=~êíáÅäÉë=ïáíÜ=åç=~ìíÜçê=ÄóäáåÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NU PKUK tÉÄëáíÉëW=Éñ~ãéäÉ=^=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NV PKVK tÉÄëáíÉëW=Éñ~ãéäÉ=_I=`=C=a=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NV PKNMK jìäíáéäÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=íç=ëáåÖäÉ=ïÉÄëáíÉ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=NV PKNNK cáÖìêÉë=Ó=í~ÄäÉë=Ó=Çá~Öê~ãë=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OM

Chart 1: Number of loans to home-owners, 2007-2016 ....................................... 21

PKNOK bJÄççâ=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=ON PKNPK qs=Äêç~ÇÅ~ëí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OO PKNQK o~Çáç=Äêç~ÇÅ~ëí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OO PKNRK sáÇÉç=çê=asa=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OO PKNSK mçÇÅ~ëí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OP

4. Example: Government publications=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OP QKNK lÑÑáÅá~ä=éìÄäáÅ~íáçåëLÅçãã~åÇ=é~éÉêëW=Éñ~ãéäÉ=N=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OP QKOK lÑÑáÅá~ä=éìÄäáÅ~íáçåëLÅçãã~åÇ=é~éÉêëW=Éñ~ãéäÉ=O=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OQ QKPK lÑÑáÅá~ä=éìÄäáÅ~íáçåëLÅçãã~åÇ=é~éÉêëW==Éñ~ãéäÉ=P=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OQ QKQK ^=eçìëÉ=çÑ=`çããçåë=oÉéçêí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OQ QKRK ^=eçìëÉ=çÑ=içêÇë=oÉéçêí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OR QKSK ^å=^Åí=çÑ=m~êäá~ãÉåí=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OR

5. Creating the reference section=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=OS 6. Glossary=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=PM 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=PN 8. Notes:=KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK=PO

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1. Introduction: Referencing your work Please make sure that you read the following information.

1.1. Why reference?

References are essential.

They acknowledge the sources of your information, ideas and arguments.

The reader must be able, from your reference list, to follow up all your sources of information independently.

Your references will demonstrate how widely you have read in a particular area.

They will ensure that your ideas, opinions and arguments will be supported and strengthened by published and ‘peer reviewed’ authors.

Careful and meticulous referencing will mean that you do not lay yourself open to accusations of plagiarism. Remember that failure to acknowledge sources constitutes cheating – leading to penalties and the probability of at least a lower class degree.

Importantly, good referencing will lead to better marks. You are also strongly advised to consult the University’s Plagiarism Awareness Pack, handed out at the start of the year and available here on Studentcentral.

1.2. Are all sources equally useful for referencing?

The straightforward answer to this is no. As University students you must endeavour to select valid, pertinent and authoritative sources. Lecturers will always assist you by furnishing you with relevant reading lists. You should also ensure you are familiar with ‘One Search’, ‘The Online Journal Finder’ and ‘Business Source Premier’ (BSP) which you will find on Studentcentral on the online library. These provide a quick route to up‐to‐date journal articles which will need to figure prominently in your research.

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1.3. Where to reference?

References need to be cited in two places. I: You need to make an abbreviated in‐text citation when you refer to an author’s material in

the report or essay you are writing. This is sometimes also known as referencing in the text or source referencing.

II: You will also need to make a full reference at the end of your report or essay. All sources

that have been directly referred to within your piece of work must be listed, in full, in alphabetical order, by surname, in the reference section as the end of your piece of work.

1.4. What’s a bibliography and how does it differ from a reference section?

A bibliography differs from a reference section in that it will reflect your wider reading in a particular area even though you have not made direct use of the material in your own work. However, both the reference section and any bibliography need to include the full bibliographic description of each source. This means you must learn the academic habit of consistently noting all the elements required for the reader to find the information source: eg. Author, date, title, publisher etc. Should your lecturers require you to produce a bibliography in addition to a reference section they will indicate this to you clearly.

1.5. Harvard Referencing System

The following is generalised guidance based on the Harvard referencing system which is the preferred and accepted system of referencing within Brighton Business School. It is an ‘author‐date’ system and demands that the bibliographic information be structured in a specific and consistent order.

1.6. Are there any exceptions?

There are other forms of referencing, most commonly used in History and Law, and you may come across these ‘footnote’ and ‘endnote’ styles in your reading. Please note that special conventions apply to the presentation and referencing of legal scholarship. Therefore, if you are submitting a piece of law coursework please refer to the detailed guidance from The Law teaching team. Note too, that the absolutely essential point regarding referencing is that the reader can go back and find the exact same source as you used. So, while you may see that there are variations of Harvard referencing regarding punctuation, use of italics and underlining, for example, if your lecturer can track down your sources with ease and, you are consistent with style, you will not have too much to worry about.

1.7. Citing within the text

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This is a crucial skill to learn. A precise source reference will enable the reader to locate the material referred to easily and is the hallmark of good quality work.

1.8. How do I cite within the text?

You need to include the minimum essential units of information that will directly link the reader to the full bibliographic details in your reference section. It should be organised in such a way that it causes the least amount of disruption to the reader’s understanding of your sentence. Usually this means that in‐text citations are positioned at the very end or the start of sentences. For example, let’s say you have been reading a single authored text by Charles Handy which was published by Penguin in 1993 called Understanding Organisations. When you use this author’s material in your own work you need only include the author’s surname and date of publication ‐ (Handy, 1993)) ‐ as this will take the reader directly to the work which will be arranged alphabetically by author surname in the reference section. For example, you might write in your work:

Handy (1993) observed that much of the language of management was at one time borrowed from engineering. (Sometimes called author‐prominent referencing)

or

It has been observed previously that much of the language of management was at one time borrowed from engineering (Handy, 1993). (Sometimes called information prominent‐referencing)

You do not need to include the title of the work, or its publisher, or the author’s initial when you are citing within the text. So, remember, you need the smallest amount of essential information. This nearly always consists of AUTHOR(S) SURNAME and YEAR OF PUBLICATION.

1.9. What about page numbers and quotes?

When citing in the text you need only include page numbers when you make a direct quote. For example:

1.10. Quote ‐ One page only

Peacock (2008, p47) states that ‘self‐selection is the process where a job seeker is given information about the negative aspects of a vacancy…’

1.11. Quote ‐ More than one page

If the quote used is longer and goes across more than one page the Harvard convention is to precede the number range with ‘pp’. This would appear as: ‘The costs of staff turnover can be significant both financially and also in terms of the impact on an organisation’s reputation and internal morale’ (Lanigan, 2008, pp48‐49).

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1.12. Longer Quotes ‐ Indented quotations

Longer quotes (more than 3 lines/30 words) need to be indented on a new line and do not need

quotation marks. It is usual to reduce the font size for the indented quote. Note too that direct quotes are used sparingly in academic work. The serendipitous discovery of the link between smoking and cancer is a case in point: As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill make clear,

Reanalysing data can also lead to unforeseen or unexpected new discoveries… The link was established through secondary analysis of medical records that had not been collected with the intention of exploring any such relationship (2012, p318).

or, Money is the basis for comparison. Money can be measured precisely. Most

other motivating agents cannot be. Therefore money is uniquely useful as a measure of comparison (Handy, 1993, p52).

1.13. Quotes ‐ Importance of accuracy

When using quotations you need to integrate them as well as you can into your text. Furthermore, you need to take care that you are absolutely accurate in how you reproduce the words. You must keep to the author’s spelling, punctuation, grammar and choice of vocabulary. If there is an error of spelling or other ‘oddity’ in the original text the word [sic] should be inserted immediately after in square brackets to indicate that this is how it appears in the original. For example ‘This in death [sic] research showed…’ (Student meant to write ‘in depth’)

1.14. When to use quotations

Quotations can be used where the author has used an especially elegant phrase or, for example, outlined a major point that you need to use as evidence. They are also useful when you need to construct an argument for or against an idea expressed. Used in this way quotations are an excellent way of underpinning your own work.

1.15. When you do NOT need to acknowledge sources

Occasionally it will not be necessary to reference. If you cite the Bible or Shakespeare (doesn’t often happen in the Business School) or, if an idea can be considered to be in the public domain, then a reference may not be required. However, take care. At undergraduate level you will not be penalised for over‐referencing work you have read and the academic convention of supporting your work with well sourced references is one you must grasp and master.

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1.16. Can you quote too much in a piece of work?

Yes. Remember that we are looking for evidence that you have understood the texts that you have read. This means that you must learn to paraphrase and summarize the ideas, information and theories of the published authors – obviously with correct references. A list of long quotations in the words of the original author(s) does not show your tutor/lecturer that you have understood the material.

1.17. Are there any variations to this?

Clearly not all texts are written by a single author and, as well as journals and books, you will need to make use of conference proceedings, electronic publications, official government publications as well as other forms of publication. In every case you will need to find the minimum, essential units of information that will make a clear link to the full bibliographic details in your reference section. Below, therefore, we give examples of standard Harvard referencing practice for the various types of publications you will more commonly use in your research at University. The examples are organised into 3 sections.

Firstly ‐ journals, books, newspapers, conference proceedings along with other types of

printed paper publications.

Secondly – electronic sources such as electronic journals, websites, online newspaper

articles, videos, CD‐ROMs etc. These are sources which are not printed and distributed in

paper format.

Lastly – there are some useful examples of government publications.

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2. Examples: journals, books, newspapers, printed materials

2.1. Book ‐ One author

In‐text citation (sometimes referred to as source referencing or referencing in the text)

Jones (2011) demonstrates the relevance of key areas…

References

Jones, L. (2011) Introduction to Business Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bibliographic order – this is the order in which each detail must appear

Author surname, Initial. (date) Title, edition, Place: Publisher

2.2. Book ‐ Two authors of one work


Kotler & Keller (2008) advance the idea that …

References

Kotler, P. & Keller, K. (2008) Marketing Management. 13thed, London: Prentice Hall


Author surname, Initial. (date) Title, edition, Place: Publisher (list author names in the order they appear on the title page)

2.3. Book ‐ Three authors of one work


Reanalysing secondary data can lead to unexpected discoveries (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012)

References

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) 6th ed. Research Methods for Business Students. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.



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2.4. More than three authors of one work.

Note: et.al. is Latin for et alli and means ‘and others’. When used, et al should always be italicized


Brewster et al. (2003) argue that retention is an advantage of flexible patterns of work…

References

Brewster, C., Carey, L., Dowling, P., Grobler, P., Holland, P. & Warnich, S. (2003) Contemporary Issues in Human Resource Management: gaining a competitive advantage. Cape Town: Oxford University Press


Author surname, Initial. (date) Title, edition, Place: Publisher (list author names in the order

they appear on the title page)

2.5. Book ‐ An author with more than one cited publication in the same year

Note: Distinguish these by adding lower case letters (a, b, c, etc.) after the year and within the brackets:


Arnold (2004a) compares how investing… Arnold (2004b) highlights how markets…

Reference

Arnold, G. (2004a) Financial Times Guide to Investing: the definitive companion to investment and the financial markets. London: Financial Times Arnold, G. (2004b) Handbook of Corporate Finance: a business companion to financial markets, decision & techniques. New York: Financial Times

Bibliographic order – this is the order in which each detail must appear .

Author surname, Initial. (datea) Title, edition, Place: Publisher Author surname, Initial. (dateb) Title, edition, Place: Publisher

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2.6. Book ‐ Citing secondary sources

1) Best practice is to cite from the original source. However, this is not always possible especially when students are directed to introductory text books which survey a large body of knowledge. In these instances it is incumbent upon you to ensure that the reader knows you discovered the material from a secondary source. 2) In the example below you will see that the reference section needs full details of Huczynski & Buchanan because you have not read the original work by Deborah Tannen and your readers can find reference to it in Huczynski & Buchanan.


Tannen (1998, cited in Huzcynski & Buchanan, 2013) claims that girls are disadvantaged by….

References

Huczynski, A. & Buchanan, D. (2013) Organizational Behaviour. 8th ed, London: Pearson



2.7. Book ‐ Edited Books


Griffin and Stacey (2005) explore how complex responsive processes…

References

Griffin, D. and Stacey, R.D. (eds) (2005) Complexity and the experience of leading organizations. Abingdon:Routledge.


Author surname, Initial. (editor(s)) (date) Title, Place: Publisher (list editors’ names in the order they appear on the title page)

2.8. Chapter in Book – two examples below


As stated by Roberts (2003, p91)…

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Crane & Matten (2007) define Business Ethics as…

References

Roberts, L. (2003) ‘Capital accumulation. Tourism and development processes in Central and Eastern Europe’, in D Hall (ed) Tourism and Transition: governance, transformation and development. Oxfordshire: Cabi Publishing, pp53‐64.

Crane, A. & Matten, D. (2007) ‘Business Ethics’, in W. Visser, D. Matten, M. Pohl,& N. Tolhurst, (eds), The A To Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. Chichester:Wiley

Editor’s initial precedes the surname as the person’s name is irrelevant when arranging the reference list alphabetically. Note too, that only the book title is italicized – not the chapter title


Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Title & subtitle of chapter’, in Editors (eds), Title of book, Place of publication: Publisher, pages of chapter

2.9. Encyclopaedia or Dictionary

Note that you need to arrange this work by ‘O’ for Oxford not ‘ T’ for The when you complete

your reference section and that title is used as Author.


The Oxford English Dictionary (2001) defined it as…

References

The Oxford English Dictionary. (2001), Vol 3, 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon


Title as author, (Date) Volume, Edition, Place: Publisher

2.10. Journals ‐ article reference

Note: even if you retrieve a journal article online, if it is available in printed paper version you do not need to include the electronic details of a search engine, such as Emerald.


Lain, (2011) suggests that a US policy approach would…

References

Lain, D. (2011) Helping the Poorest Help Themselves? Encouraging employment past 65 in England and the USA. Journal of Social Policy. Vol. 40, No. 3, p493.


Author. (Date) Article title, Journal Title, volume, part, pages.

2.11. Books & Journals – When citing more than one work in a reference

Note: The references in brackets are in alphabetical order.

J=NQ=J=


Although a widely accepted business case for corporate social responsibility exists (Vogel, 2005; Lindgreen and Swaen, 2010), the argument…

References

Lindgreen, A. & Swaen, V. (2010) ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’. International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol 12, No 1, pp1‐7. Vogel, D.J. (2005) Is there a Market for Virtue? The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility’. California Management Review, Vol 47, No 4.


Author surname, Initial. (date) Title, edition, Place: Publisher (references should appear in alphabetical order)

2.12. Conference Paper


Research by Taylor (2011) shows a clear correlation

References

Taylor, T. (2011) The Trouble with First Years: Attendance, Achievement & Attitudes of First Year Business Students. Scanning the Horizons: Institutional Research in a Borderless World. HEIR Conference. June 16‐17. University of Kingston.


Author surname, initial. (date) ‘Title of paper’. Conference Name, Date of conference, Location of conference,

2.13. Newspaper articles ‐ printed with author by‐line


Reporting on a damaging article published in The New York Times, Gibbs (2015) investigates claims that Amazon…

References

Gibbs, S. (2015) Amazon chief urges staff to report callous managers directly to him. The Guardian. Tuesday 18th August 2015.


Author, (date) Title of article, Title of Newspaper, detailed date,

2.14. Corporate authors, reports, printed

Many pieces of work are not the responsibility of a named person as they are produced by an organization. In such cases authorship goes to the body that commissioned the work, for example, government departments, companies and organisations. In such instances the organization should be listed as the author.

J=NR=J=

2.15. Annual Report

Note that the ‘author’ in this instance is a ‘corporate author’.


UK food revenue increased by 3.4% (Marks & Spencer, 2015).

References

Marks & Spencer (2015) Annual Review and Financial Statements 2015. London: Marks & Spencer


Corporate Author (year), Report Title. Place, Publisher

2.16. Commercial Report


Webb (2004) states that knowledge management is an emerging discipline…

References

Webb, J. (2004) Knowledge Management for SMEs: Solutions & Strategies. London: Ark Group


Author (year), Report Title. Place, Publisher

2.17. Lecture notes

Note: provide the best details that you can.


Harris (2008) highlighted the …

References

Harris, C. (2008) ‘Performance Related Pay’. [Lecture notes] Brighton: University of Brighton Business School, Unpublished


Author. (date) Title of Lecture. [Medium] Place of publication, Publisher

2.18. Figures – tables – diagrams

J=NS=J=

Note: figures, tables, graphs and diagrams must always be numbered and labelled. They must also be included in your contents page.

For example, if you were to include a figure you had accessed from the MBA Handbook: Study Skills for Postgraduate Management Study, you would need to number the figure and, below the figure, give its source or, state that it was ‘adapted from’ plus the source. For example: Figure 1: Relevance tree (This is the number and label)

Source: (Cameron, 2001, p125)


Relevance trees, such as figure 1 above (Cameron, 2001, p125) show…

References

Cameron, S. (2001) Relevance Tree, The MBA Handbook: Study Skills for Postgraduate Management Study. London: FT Prentice Hall


Author. (year) Title of table, Title. Place: Publisher

3. Examples: electronic sources – not printed Students often have trouble referencing correctly from electronic sources ‐ in part because access to printed material is often made via the internet and students confuse the two things and, because

J=NT=J=

there is a temptation to simply paste over a URL to signpost your source. It is, therefore, particularly important that you read the following section carefully. Remember that the same principle applies to electronic sources as apply to paper based sources. The reader must be able to track back to your source. The information that appears in your in‐text citation must be the minimum amount of information that will take the reader directly to the ‘author’ in your reference section. Crucially, a true electronic source will not have been published in print version first.

3.1. Citing an electronic/online source in the text

When citing in the text you need only ‘author, date’, and remember, it may well be a ‘corporate author’.

3.2. Electronic/online sources in the reference section

In the reference section you need:

Full bibliographic details as well as the type of medium; e.g. Video, CD‐Rom or Online, and this will appear in [square brackets].

The full web address; e.g. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business‐36415462

And finally, in square brackets, you need to include the date you accessed the material; e.g. [accessed 31 May 2016].

3.3. Search engines are not valid sources

You must be careful not to mistake a search engine for the correct web address. For example, the following is an example of a URL from Google for the recent Capital Economics report on the Economic Impact of Brexit for Woodford Investment Management. : https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=brexit+report&ie=utf‐8&oe=utf‐8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en‐GB:official&client=firefox‐a&channel=sb&gfe_rd=cr&ei=_G9NV‐zTDaextgf_gKTwBw#channel=sb&q=economic+impact+of+brexit

This just shows the search terms put in – not the result of the search. Whereas the URL below shows the link that would need to appear as part of the full reference.

https://woodfordfunds.com/economic‐impact‐brexit‐report/ Look at the examples below to see how this works in practice.

3.4. – Electronic/online article reference – does not have a published printed version


Yates, Kirby & Lockley (2105) claim that…

References

J=NU=J=

Yates, S., Kirby, J. & Lockley, E. (2015) ‘Digital Media Use: Differences & Inequalities in Relation to Class and Age’. Sociological Research Online [Online], Vol 20 (Issue 4,) Available at: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/20/4/12.html [Accessed 31 May 2016]


Author(s), (year) Title, Journal Title. [Online], volume (issue). Available at <URL> [Accessed date]

3.5. International electronic journal article Note: If you include a foreign language article you must translate the title into English.


Farache, Wanderley & Perks (2007) discuss this point…

References

Farache, F., Wanderley, L. & Perks, K. (2007) ‘Responsabilidade Social das Empresas na web: estrategias de divulgacao adotadas por empresas no Brasil e na Franca’. (‘Corporate Social Responsibility in the web: communication strategies adopted by French companies in Brazil and France’) Gestão.Org [ Online], Vol 5 (Issue 3), p. 414‐435. Available at: http://www.revista.ufpe.br/gestaoorg/index.php/gestao/article/view/55 [ Accessed on 23 June 2008]


Author(s), (year) ‘Title’. (‘Translated title’), Journal Title [Online], volume (issue). Available at <URL> [Accessed date]

3.6. Online newspaper articles with author byline


Watteron (2016) reports on the perceived failure of…

References

Watterton, M (2016) ‘Men’s Issues Must be Recognised by Universities to Address Falling Numbers’. The Telegraph, Education. 12th May 2016 [Online] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2016/05/12/mens‐issues‐must‐be‐recognised‐by‐universities‐to‐address‐fallin/ [accessed 1 June 2016]


Author, (date) Title of page/article. Title of Newspaper, detailed date [Medium] <URL> [Accessed date]

3.7. Online newspaper articles with no author byline


According to the Financial Times (2016), Brexit would inevitably damage…

References

J=NV=J=

Financial Time (2016) ‘For Science, Brexit is an experiment too far’. Financial Times Online, 30th May 2016 [Online] http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7059b00c‐23fa‐11e6‐9d4d‐c11776a5124d.html#axzz4AEUL1Yky [Accessed 31 May 2016]


Author (date) Title of page/article. Title of Newspaper, detailed date [Medium] <URL> [Accessed date]

3.8. Websites: example A


The BBC (2016) presents recent figures which…

References

BBC News, (2016) ‘VW Profit Tumbles 20% in wake of Emissions Scandal’.[Online] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business‐36415462 [accessed 31 May 2016]


Author, (date) ‘Title’. [Type of Medium], <URL address> [date accessed]

3.9. Websites: example B, C & D


In their recent briefing the IBE (2016) concluded that… L’Oreal (2009) offers opportunities in five major areas… Article 28 recognises the right of every child to receive compulsory and free primary education (UNICEF, 2012).

References

Institute of Business Ethics. (2016) ‘Surveys on Business Ethics 2015’. Business Ethics Briefing. Issue 51, February 2016 [Online] http://www.ibe.org.uk/userassets/briefings/b51_surveys2015.pdf [accessed 31 May 2016] L’Oreal. (2016) Careers. [online] http://www.loreal.co.uk/careers/what‐we‐offer/internships.htm [accessed 1 June 2016] UNICEF (2012) Convention on the Rights of the Child. [Online] http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication‐pdfs/UNCRC_PRESS200910web.pdf [accessed 15th November 2012]



3.10. Multiple references to single website


J=OM=J=

Morgan Stanley (2016a) advise candidates to … Particularly interesting is the Morgan Stanley Strategy Challenge (Morgan Stanley 2016b).

References

Morgan Stanley (2016a) What do recruiters look for. [online] http://www.morganstanley.com/articles/what‐do‐recruiters‐look‐for [accessed 1 June 2016] Morgan Stanley (2016b) Strategy Challenge. [online] http://www.morganstanley.com/strategychallenge/challenge.html [accessed 1 June 2016]



3.11. Figures – tables – diagrams

Note: figures, tables, graphs and diagrams must always be numbered and sourced. They must also be included in your contents page.

J=ON=J=

For example, if you were to include a chart you had accessed from the Council of Mortgage Lenders, you would need to number the chart and details its source or, state that it was ‘adapted from’ plus the source. It would look like this:

Chart 1: Number of loans to home‐owners, 2007‐2016

Source: Council of Mortgage Lenders, 2016


As illustrated in Chart 1 above (CML, 2016) the number of loans…

References

Council of Mortgage Lenders, (2016) Home‐owner house purchase lending up 60% year‐on‐year in March. Council of Mortgage Lenders [Online] https://www.cml.org.uk/news/press‐releases/home‐owner‐house‐purchase‐lending‐up‐21‐year‐on‐year/ [Accessed 1 June 2016]


Author, (year) Title of chart, Title, Publisher [Medium] <URL> [date accessed]

3.12. E‐book

J=OO=J=


Greener (2008) notes that…

References

Greener, S., 2008. Business research methods. [online] BookBoon.


Author, (date) Title [Medium] Publisher,

3.13. TV broadcast


Flanders, in Masters of Money (2012) draws many parallels between…

References

Masters of Money (2012) [TV programme online] BBC ONE. 9 October 2012. 15h15. http://bobnational.net/record/118663 [accessed 31 May 2016]


Title of Broadcast, (year) [medium] Station or Channel , date, month, year: time of broadcast, <web address> [date accessed]

3.14. Radio broadcast


Money Box Live (2016) revealed an interesting…

References

Money Box Live, (2008) The Bank of Mum and Dad [Radio programme Online] Radio 4, 18 May 2016:15h00 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07bdd2c [accessed 31 May 2016)


Title of Broadcast, (year) [medium] Station or Channel , date, month, year: time of broadcast, <web address> [date accessed]

3.15. Video or DVD


J=OP=J=

Sandberg (2010) identifies several behaviours…

Reference

Sandberg, S. (2010) Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders [video] TED. http://www.ted.com/talks/sheryl_sandberg_why_we_have_too_few_women_leaders?language=en [accessed 1 June 2016]


Corporate Author, (date) Title of Video or DVD [Medium] Publisher. <web address> [date accessed]

3.16. Podcast


Baggini (2014) explores the meanings…

Reference

Baggini, D. (2014). Understanding Sacred texts. British Library. [podcast] Available at: https://www.bl.uk/learning/cult/sacred/understanding/ [Accessed 11 Aug. 2014]


Author name, initial. (date) Title. Publisher. [medium] <web address> [date accessed]

4. Example: Government publications There are many kinds of Government publications and for a more comprehensive account we advise you to refer to The Stationery Office website @ www.parliament.uk Government publications which are presented to Parliament are known as Command Papers. Most Command Papers are published in a numbered series. They can include State Papers; White Papers; Green Papers; government consultation documents; some government responses to Select Committee reports; Reports of Royal Commissions and some other Committees of Inquiry and, Statistics and annual reports of some government bodies.

4.1. Official publications/command papers: example 1


According to the National Committee of Enquiry into Higher Education (1997)…

References

National Committee of Enquiry into Higher Education, (1997) Higher Education in the Learning Society. [Dearing report] London: HMSO.

Note that although this may commonly be referred to as the ‘Dearing’ report it should not be listed under the name of the Chairman of the committee


Author/Name of committee, (Date) Title of Report. [additional identifying details] Place of publication: Publisher

J=OQ=J=



According the recent report by the National Audit Office (2007)…

References

National Audit Office, (2007) Staying the Course: the retention of students in higher education. [The Comptroller And Auditor General] HC 616 Session 2006‐2007, 26 July 2007, London: The Stationery Office [Online] available at https://www.nao.org.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2007/07/0607616.pdf [accessed 12 June 2008]


Author/Name of committee, (Date) Title of Report. [additional identifying details] Place of publication: Publisher, [Medium] <URL> [date accessed]



These recently published figures (HM Treasury, 2008) clearly indicate…

References

HM Treasury, (2008) Central Government Supply Estimates: Main Supply Estimates. HC 479, 21 April 2008, London: The Stationery Office [Online] available at https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons‐expenditure/supply‐estimates/2008‐09‐main‐supply‐estimates‐central‐govt.pdf [accessed 22 June 2008]


Author/Name of committee, (Date) Title of Report. [additional identifying details] Place of publication: Publisher [Medium] <URL> [date accessed]

4.4. A House of Commons Report

Note that the abbreviation HC (House of Commons) is sometimes used


In The Work of the Border Force, The House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (2012) reported…

References

House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee, (2012) The Work of the Border Force. ‐ Report, Together with Formal Minutes. London:TSO (The Stationery Office). (HC 523, Sixth Report of Session 2012‐13)


Author/HC, (Date) ‘Great Britain Parliament’ Committee details, report title & number. Place of publication: Publisher. (paper details, number; Parliamentary Session)

J=OR=J=

4.5. A House of Lords Report

Note that the abbreviation HL (House of Lords) is sometimes used.


The House of Lords European Union Committee (2008) data on the Euros’ progress…

References

House of Lords, (2008) Great Britain Parliament European Union Committee 13th Report The Euro. London: The Stationery Office (HL paper; 90; Session 2007‐08)


Author/HL, (Date) ‘Great Britain Parliament’ Committee details, report title & number. Place of publication: Publisher. (paper details, number; Parliamentary Session)

4.6. An Act of Parliament

Note: There are some complex issues regarding numbering which are clearly discussed in

House of Commons Information Office (2003) Factsheet 12: Tracing Acts of Parliament


The Community Care Act (Act of Parliament, 1990) confirms that… or The Higher Education Act (Act of Parliament, 2004) considers… or The Data Protection Act (Act of Parliament, 1998) rules that…

References

Act of Parliament, (1990) Great Britain Parliament. National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990. (Chapter 19) London: HMSO Act of Parliament, (2004) Great Britain Parliament. Higher Education Act 2004. (Chapter 8) London: HMSO Act of Parliament, (1998) Great Britain Parliament. The Data Protection Act 1998. (Chapter 29) London: HMSO


Act of Parliament, (Year) Great Britain Parliament. Title of Act and date. Chapter number, Place of publication: Publisher

J=OS=J=

5. Creating the reference section

The reference section is one listing and must be arranged in alphabetical order by author surname.

Books, journals and internet publications do not have separate lists.

Consistency and accuracy are very important.

Where an author has published more than one work, list the oldest work first.

The reference section must list every author to whom you have referred in your own work.

Putting all this together, the bibliography for using the above references should be the following alphabetical list: Act of Parliament, (1990) Great Britain Parliament. National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990. (Chapter 19) London: HMSO Act of Parliament, (1998) Great Britain Parliament. The Data Protection Act 1998. (Chapter 29) London: HMSO Act of Parliament, (2004) Great Britain Parliament. Higher Education Act 2004. (Chapter 8) London: HMSO Arnold, G. (2004a) Financial Times Guide to Investing: the definitive companion to investment and the financial markets. London: Financial Times Arnold, G. (2004b) Handbook of Corporate Finance: a business companion to financial markets, decision & techniques. New York: Financial Times Baggini, D. (2014). Understanding Sacred texts. British Library. [podcast] Available at: https://www.bl.uk/learning/cult/sacred/understanding/ [Accessed 11 Aug. 2014] BBC News, (2016) ‘VW Profit Tumbles 20% in wake of Emissions Scandal’.[Online] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business‐36415462 [accessed 31 May 2016] Brewster, C., Carey, L., Dowling, P., Grobler, P., Holland, P. & Warnich, S. (2003) Contemporary Issues in Human Resource Management: gaining a competitive advantage. Cape Town: Oxford University Press Cameron, S. (2001) Relevance Tree, The MBA Handbook: Study Skills for Postgraduate Management Study. London: FT Prentice Hall Council of Mortgage Lenders, (2016) Home‐owner house purchase lending up 60% year‐on‐year in March. Council of Mortgage Lenders [Online] https://www.cml.org.uk/news/press‐releases/home‐owner‐house‐purchase‐lending‐up‐21‐year‐on‐year/ [Accessed 1 June 2016] Crane, A. & Matten, D. (2007) ‘Business Ethics’, in W. Visser, D. Matten, M. Pohl,& N. Tolhurst, (eds), The A To Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. Chichester:Wiley

J=OT=J=

Farache, F., Wanderley, L. & Perks, K. (2007) ‘Responsabilidade Social das Empresas na web: estrategias de divulgacao adotadas por empresas no Brasil e na Franca’. (‘Corporate Social Responsibility in the web: communication strategies adopted by French companies in Brazil and France’) Gestão.Org V. 5 (3), p. 414‐435. [ Online], http://www.gestaoorg.dca.ufpe.br/edicoes/N3_V5/GESTORG_2007_N3_V5_PARCERIAS_EXIB_01.pdf [ Accessed on 23 June 2008] Financial Time (2016) ‘For Science, Brexit is an experiment too far’. Financial Times Online, 30th May 2016 [Online] http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7059b00c‐23fa‐11e6‐9d4d‐c11776a5124d.html#axzz4AEUL1Yky [Accessed 31 May 2016] Gibbs, S. (2015) Amazon chief urges staff to report callous managers directly to him. The Guardian. Tuesday 18th August 2015. Greener, S., 2008. Business research methods. [online] BookBoon. Griffin, D. and Stacey, R.D. (eds) (2005) Complexity and the experience of leading organizations. Abingdon:Routledge. Handy, C. (1993) Understanding Organisations.4th ed. Penguin:UK Harris, C. (2008) ‘Performance Related Pay’. [Lecture notes] Brighton: University of Brighton Business School, unpublished HM Treasury, (2008) Central Government Supply Estimates: Main Supply Estimates. HC 479, 21 April 2008, London: The Stationery Office [Online] http://www.hm treasury.gov.uk/media/9/1/mainest08_fulldoc.pdf [accessed 22 June 2008] House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee, (2012) The Work of the Border Force. ‐ Report, Together with Formal Minutes. London:TSO (The Stationery Office). (HC 523, Sixth Report of Session 2012‐13) House of Lords, (2008) Great Britain Parliament European Union Committee 13th Report The Euro. London: The Stationery Office (HL paper; 90; Session 2007‐08) Huczynski, A. & Buchanan, D. (2013) Organizational Behaviour. 8th ed, London: Pearson Institute of Business Ethics. (2016) ‘Surveys on Business Ethics 2015’. Business Ethics Briefing. Issue 51, February 2016 [Online] http://www.ibe.org.uk/userassets/briefings/b51_surveys2015.pdf [accessed 31 May 2016] Jones, L. (2011) Introduction to Business Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press Lain, D. (2011) Helping the Poorest Help Themselves? Encouraging employment past 65 in England and the USA. Journal of Social Policy. Vol. 40, No. 3, p493. Lindgreen, A. & Swaen, V. (2010) ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’. International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol 12, No 1, pp1‐7.

J=OU=J=

L’Oreal. (2016) Careers. [online] http://www.loreal.co.uk/careers/what‐we‐offer/internships.htm [accessed 1 June 2016] Kotler, P. & Keller, K. (2008) Marketing Management. 13thed, London: Prentice Hall Marks & Spencer (2015) Annual Review and Financial Statements 2015. London: Marks & Spencer Masters of Money (2012) [TV programme online] BBC ONE. 9 October 2012. 15h15. http://bobnational.net/record/118663 [accessed 31 May 2016] Money Box Live, (2008) The Bank of Mum and Dad [Radio programme Online] Radio 4, 18 May 2016:15h00 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07bdd2c [accessed 31 May 2016) Morgan Stanley (2016a) What do recruiters look for. [online] http://www.morganstanley.com/articles/what‐do‐recruiters‐look‐for [accessed 1 June 2016] Morgan Stanley (2016b) Strategy Challenge. [online] http://www.morganstanley.com/strategychallenge/challenge.html [accessed 1 June 2016]

National Audit Office, (2007) Staying the Course: the retention of students in higher education. [The Comptroller and Auditor General] HC 616 Session 2006‐2007, 26 July 2007, London: The Stationery Office [Online] http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/nao_reports/06‐07/0607616es.pdf [accessed 12 June 2008] National Committee of Enquiry into Higher Education, (1997) Higher Education in the Learning Society. [Dearing report] London: HMSO. Orient Overseas (International) Limited, (2004) ‘About Orient Overseas (International) Limited’. [Video] http://www.ooilgroup.com/corporate/corporatevideo/ Hong Kong: OOIL The Oxford English Dictionary, (2001) Vol 3, 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Roberts, L. (2003) ‘Capital accumulation. Tourism and development processes in Central and Eastern Europe’, in D Hall (ed) Tourism and Transition: governance, transformation and development. Oxfordshire: Cabi Publishing, pp53‐64 Sandberg, S. (2010) Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders [video] TED. http://www.ted.com/talks/sheryl_sandberg_why_we_have_too_few_women_leaders?language=en [accessed 1 June 2016] Saunders, M. Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) 6th ed. Research Methods for Business Students. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Shukla, P. & Cheng‐Ting, C. (2008) ‘Buying behaviour in consumer to consumer (C2C) online auction commerce’, in C Veloutsour & N Papadopoulos (eds) Marketing in Dynamic Environments: Contemporary Research Advances. Athens: Atiner, pp207‐220 Slack, N., Chambers, S. & Johnston, R. (2006) Operations Management. 5th ed, London: FT Prentice Hall

J=OV=J=

Software Engineering Institute, (1993) The Capability Maturity Model for Software. [Online] < http://ricis.cl.uh.edu/CMM/TR24/tr24.html > [accessed 12th July 2004] Taylor, T. (2011) The Trouble with First Years: Attendance, Achievement & Attitudes of First Year Business Students. Scanning the Horizons: Institutional Research in a Borderless World. HEIR Conference. June 16‐17. University of Kingston. Tett, G. (2014) A guide to (mis) communication. Financial Times. 13 June 2014 UNICEF (2012) Convention on the Rights of the Child. [Online] http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication‐pdfs/UNCRC_PRESS200910web.pdf [Accessed 1 June 2016] Vogel, D.J. (2005) Is there a Market for Virtue? The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility’. California Management Review, Vol 47, No 4. Watterton, M (2016) ‘Men’s Issues Must be Recognised by Universities to Address Falling Numbers’. The Telegraph, Education. 12th May 2016 [Online] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2016/05/12/mens‐issues‐must‐be‐recognised‐by‐universities‐to‐address‐fallin/ [accessed 15 March 2008] Webb, J. (2004) Knowledge Management for SMEs: Solutions & Strategies. London: Ark Group Yates, S., Kirby, J. & Lockley, E. (2015) ‘Digital Media Use: Differences & Inequalities in Relation to Class and Age’. Sociological Research Online Vol 20 (Issue 4) [Online], http://www.socresonline.org.uk/20/4/12.html [Accessed 31 May 2016]

J=PM=J=

6. Glossary

Anon This is the abbreviation for anonymous and can, if one is absolutely stuck, be used

to signify author but, to be avoided if possible. Bibliographic order

This is the order in which each detail of the source must appear. Circa This is Latin for ‘about’. It can be abbreviated to c1989, for example, when you are

uncertain of the exact date. Cite This means to quote or refer to. Corporate author

Many pieces of work are not the responsibility of one individual as they are produced by an organization. This is when we use the term, ‘corporate author’. In such instances the organization should be listed as the author.

Ellipsis If you omit any part of a quotation you should use an ellipsis which is 3 dots… et al. This is the abbreviated form of et allia and means ‘and others’. Et al is always

italicized HMSO This stands for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ibid. This is Latin for ‘in the same place’ and when used is always italicized in the text.

n.d. This means ‘no date’. If you are unable to track down a date you should use the

abbreviation n.d. (no date). This would appear in the text as ‘Harris (n.d.) has written about…

op cit. This is the Latin for ‘opere citato’ meaning in the work quoted and commonly used

as ‘as opposite’. Peer reviewed This means that a journal article has been reviewed by other respected academics

in the field. s.l. This is an abbreviation of the Latin for ‘sine loco’ meaning, no place of publication.

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s.n. This is the Latin for ‘sine nomine’ meaning, no named publisher. Source This is the place from which you gathered your information or ideas TSO This stands for The Stationery Office.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES

Anglia Ruskin University (2007) Harvard Referencing Guide [Online] < http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm?harvard_id=2#2> [Accessed 2 May 2008) Good resource – helpful guide The Blue Pages; Brighton Business School, Undergraduate Modular Programme, Framework Regulations for the Undergraduate Modular Courses & General Notes for Guidance, The Blue Pages (2007) Brighton: Brighton Business School, University of Brighton My starting point

The Central University of Queensland (2007) References/Bibliography HARVARD STYLE Based on AGPS 5th ed. How‐to guide [Online] <http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/harvard_5.pdf [14> [Accessed 12 April 2008] For a comprehensive look at referencing, particularly books and journals along with points of style

Coventry University (2007) Harvard Reference Style Guide, Coventry University [Online] <http://www.coventry.ac.uk/caw [accessed 2 May 2008] A good overall guide – can be downloaded as an Adobe document Fisher, D & Harrison, T (1998) Citing References, Oxford: Blackwell Handy sized and cheaply priced. (£1.00) House of Commons Information Office (2003) Tracing Acts of Parliament: Factsheet L12: Legislation series [Online] available at <http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/L12.pdf > [accessed 22 June 2008] Useful information for a complex task The Stationery Office (2008) [Online] http://www.parliament.the‐stationery‐office.com/pa/ld/ldeucom.htm Publications and records for Hansard, House of Commons, (HOC), House of Lords, (HOL) and Committees. The Stationery Office [Accessed 22 June 2008] Excellent source of information on all government publications

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Taylor’s College (2007) Harvard Referencing [Online] <http://iportal.taylors.edu.my:8000/cgibin/gw_46_4_2/link/vtls_link.pl?file=/Harvard/hvbooks.html> [Accessed 12 April 2008] I need to include my debt to layout of bibliographic information which has been adapted from the above University of Southern Queensland (2005) [Online] http://www.usq.edu.au/library/Breeze/Fac_Business/Harvard_Referencing_A_Brief_Guide/ A powerpoint presentation which takes you through the main principles of Harvard referencing with linked interactive exercises on the last slide

8. Notes:


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