1

CC O S CA S THIN NH V

NHNG IU HUYN DIU

CUC I CC O S PHT GIO V I CA N V TY TNG

Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet

TULKU THONDUP Harold Talbott hiu nh

Bn dch Vit ng ca Thanh Lin

2

Ni dung

LI CM N GHI CH CA TC GI LI NI U

Quyn Mt

LI GII THIU C PHT THCH CA MU NI

Sau c Pht

PHT GIO TY TNG BA CCH TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA CC TANTRA NYINGMA NI NI CHUNG

S Truyn Tm ca ch Pht Nhng Trao truyn Biu tng ca cc Tr minh vng S Truyn Khu ca cc nh Kh hnh

NHNG DNG TRUYN THA CA BA TANTRA NI CHNH YU DNG

NYINGMA Mahyoga Anuyoga Atiyoga (Dzopa Chenpo)

Semde Longde Me-Ngade

Quyn Hai

DNG TRUYN THA LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG

GIO L LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG DNG TRUYN THA CC O S LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG 1. Php Thn 2. Bo Thn 3. Ha Thn 4. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje) 5. Manjushrmitra 6. Shrsimha 7. Jnnastra 8. Vimalamitra 9. Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava Guru Rinpoche Ving thm Ty Tng Nm Phi ngu chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng

3

Nhng t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng 10. Knkhyen Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363) 11. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (17301798) 12. Dodrupchen Nht Jigme Thrinle zer (17451821) 13. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) 14. Dola Jigme Kalzang (th k mi chn) 15. Dzogchen Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) 16. Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (18001866) 17. Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) 18. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Dorje (th k mi chn) 19. Paltrl Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (18081887) 20. Dodrupchen Nh Jigme Phntsok Jungne (1824-1863) 21. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892) 22. Nyoshl Lungtok Tenpe Nyima (1829-1901/2) 23. npo Tendzin Norbu (th k mi chn) 24. Adzom Drukpa Drodl Pawo Dorje (18421924) 25. Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme(18591936) 26. Dodrupchen Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926) 27. Shuksep Lochen Chnyi Zangmo (18651953) 28. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935) 29. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943) 30. Yukhok Chatralwa Chying Rangtrl (18721952) 31. Kathok Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941) 32. Alak Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje (1881-1943) 33. Dzongsar Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) 34. Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup (18931957) 35. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (19101991) 36. Chatral Sangye Dorje (sinh nm 1913) 37. Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe Gyaltsen(1927-1961) 38. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh nm 1927) CY TRUYN THA TC PHM TRCH DN CH THCH

4

Li Cm n

Ti xin cm n Harold Talbott bi tr tu v s kin nhn ca ng trong vic hiu nh quyn sch ny vi s thn trng ln lao v nhn thc su sc; cm n Michael Baldwin v s h tr v hng dn khng h ngng ngh cho nhng d n Pht Php ca ti trong hn mi lm nm; cm n Lydia Segal truyn cm hng cho ti trong vic kt hp thnh quyn sch ny v r sot li nhiu phn ca quyn sch; cm n nhng nh bo tr ca Buddhayana, nh s bo tr ca h m t 1975, ti c th s dng nhng nm thng ca i mnh bin son v dch thut nhng gio l Pht gio qu bu; cm n David Drove h tr v vi tnh; Jonathan v Joan Miller chm sc sc khe cho ti; cm n Th vin ring ca Kyabje Dodrupchen Rinpoche ti Cha Mahasiddha Nyingmapa, Hawley, Massachusetts, v Th vin Lehman ti i hc Columbia, Thnh ph New York, v nhng ngun ti liu qu bu; cm n Victor v Ruby Lam cho php ti s dng cn h thoi mi ca h.

Ti xin cm n Steven Goodman c nhiu ng gp su sc v chun b cho bng ch dn. Ti cng cm n Zenkar Thupten Nyima Rinpoche, Khenpo Chyag, Gelong Konchog Tendzin, Ani Ngawang Chdron, Ani Lodr Palmo, v nhiu ngi khc cung cp rt nhiu thng tin c gi tr.

Ti xin cm n thy Samuel Bercholz v nhn vin ca Nh Xut bn Shambhala cung cp phng tin ton ho tiu s ca nhng o s n c vi cc c gi. Xin cm n Larry Mermelstein trau chut cho quyn sch bng ti nng bin tp ca anh. Xin cm n Kendra Crossen mang li cho quyn sch s hiu bit su xa ca c v vn hc, v cm n Brian Boland trnh by quyn sch vi s ti hoa ca anh.

5

Ghi ch ca Tc gi

Ti vit hoa nhng ch gc (Ming gZhi) ca mi t trong ting Ty Tng c chuyn t bo m cc t c c mt cch ng n v d dng. i vi vic k m cho ch Ty Tng, ti ch yu theo hng dn ca y ban Dch thut Nland do Larry Mermelstein cung cp.

T u n cui quyn sch ti thm vo cc t trong du ngoc n lm cho ngha ca nhng bn vn trch dn tr nn r rng hay cung cp nhng t tng ng trong Phn ng, Tng ng, hay Anh ng ca chng. Ti cng cung cp mt s cch dch khc hay nhng t ng ngha trong nhng du ngoc vung [ ].

Trong phn th mc, f l ch vit tt ca folio, (s t) cch nh s trang theo kiu Ty Tng; v p l ch vit tt ca page theo cch nh s trang ca Ty phng.

Trong nhng ch thch, ta ca cc bn vn trch dn c biu th bng nhng ch vit tt, chng hn nh BC thay cho sNying Thig Gi brGyud Debs Byin rLabs Char rGyun do Jigme Lingpa khm ph. Cc ta y c xp theo mu t abc c lit k trong Tc phm Trch dn cui quyn sch ny. Khi mt bn vn theo cch nh s trang kiu Ty Tng c trch dn, cc ch biu th ta c i theo bi s folio, n c ch a hay b theo sau ch r mt trc hay sau ca folio. ng k l s dng. V d nh, BC 1a/1. Trang v nhng s dng khng c ch a hay b biu th cch nh s trang theo kiu Ty phng.

6

Li Ni u

Cc o s ca s Thin nh v nhng iu Huyn diu l mt tuyn tp tiu s ca cc v Thy chng ng m cuc i th trn y s an bnh, gic ng v nhng iu huyn diu l lng. Cc ngi n r Ty Tng, Mi nh ca Th gii, trong thi i hong kim ca n. Nhng o s ny thuc dng Longchen Nyingthig, phi Nyingma ca Pht gio Ty Tng.

Longchen Nyingthig (tm yu ca s rng ln v hn, hay chn l ti hu ca s m trng ph qut) l mt gio kha gm nhng gio l b mt trnh by s thin nh thm su ca Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn), do Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798), mt hc gi v bc lo thng v i, khm ph. Jigme Lingpa khm ph nhng gio l ny nh mt terma tm (hay kho tng tm), nhng gio l c khm ph t bn tnh gic ng ca tm. n Jigme Lingpa v sau t ngi cho n ngy nay, s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig c truyn qua dng truyn tha ca nhiu o s gic ng, m nhng v c cuc i kit xut nht c gii thiu trong quyn sch ny.

Trong qu kh, khi ti c nhng tiu s m ti tm tt y, ti thy l nhng cuc i y cm hng v k diu nht. Nhng vo lc ny, khi ti thut li cc tiu s bng nhng li l v cm xc ca ring ti, bn thn ti thng xuyn tri qua nhng kinh nghim au kh, gian lao, hay phn khch cng nh an bnh, h lc, sng ngi, hay s khong t m cc o s tri qua. V th nhng cuc i khng cn l nhng cu chuyn c hay cc i tng bn ngoi ngh tng na. Chng l nhng le sng ni tm ca cc o s, l chn tnh ca nhng cuc i gic ng. Trong chn tnh , mi giai on v nhng biu l khc nhau ca cc cuc i c ng cm, ging nh nhng con sng vo i dng, mt khi nc duy nht. Nu nhng tiu s ny c c nh nhng cu chuyn vi nhng nhn thc thng tu v y cm xc th s cm hng l li lc tt p nht c th c c. Nu nhng cuc i c c cm nhn v hp nht vi nhng kinh nghim ca cc o s, chc chn l nhng cu chuyn s lm pht khi s chng ng tm linh, tnh thng, s an bnh, khong t, sng ngi, v kh nng cha lnh trong tri tim c gi.

i vi ti, tht khng ng v qu l iu bt kh khi ti c trnh c im in hnh ca cc tiu s Ty Tng, l vic a ra nhng danh mc bt tn nhng v Thy, gio l, v t ca cc o s, mc d nhng danh mc c th tht t nht i vi nhng c gi khng phi l ngi Ty Tng. Nhng ti c gng khng cho nhng chi tit ny lm gim bt tnh cht sng ng ca cu chuyn k. Mi khi c th, ti c gng a ra nhng cm xc su xa v nhng cuc i tm linh, v ng thi nhng cuc i bn ngoi hng ngy ca cc o s: lm th no cc ngi i mt v cha lnh ni au kh ca thn xc cc ngi, cc ngi i x vi s ri lon cm xc ra sao, lm cch no cc ngi chin thng nhng o tng v mt tm linh hay thin nh ca mnh, v quan trng hn na, cc ngi kinh nghim g khi nh thc Pht Tm thm su v nhng Pht cht (phm hnh ca Pht) ca ring cc ngi.

Quyn sch ny c hai phn, phn u l mt gii thiu tiu s ngn gn ca c Pht v mt danh sch cc dng chnh yu ca Pht gio Ty Tng. Trong khi trnh by cuc i ca c Pht da trn nhng Kinh in truyn thng, ti

7

c gng gii thiu cuc i ny trong phm vi ngha ca n v nhng li ging dy ca ngi hn l mt chuyn k c tnh cht lch s. i vi danh sch cc dng truyn tha ca Pht gio Ty Tng, ti a ra mt nt phc ha cu trc ca mt vi dng chnh, nhng c t chi tit v nhng dng hay nhng gio l ca chng.

Phn th hai l phn chnh ca quyn sch. N trnh by nguyn l ca ba thn Pht v tiu s ca ba mi lm o s ca dng Longchen Nyingthig.

Ba thn Pht l Dharmakya (Php thn), thn ti thng, l s hon ton m trng, bn tnh tuyt i ca c Pht; Sambogakya (Bo thn), thn h lc, nh r mi hnh thc Pht ch thc xut hin khng c s nh nguyn ch th-i tng; v Nirmanakya (Ha thn), thn c hin l, l nhng hnh thc ca Pht c chng sinh bnh thng tri gic. Ba thn Pht l nhng sui ngun ca cc gio l ti thng, chng hn nh Longchen Nyingthig.

o s u tin ca dng Longchen Nyingthig trong thn tng con ngi l Prahevajra (cng c gi l Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H). Cuc i ca nhng o s trong loi ngi lc ban u t Prahevajra xung ti Guru Rinpoche (th k th 9) c mt phm tnh c nht v nh. Nhng cuc i c hin l nh mt nng lc mnh m v gii lut v cc thnh tu, s hu nhng ph bm v nng lc siu phm. T Longchen Rabjam tr i, mc d cuc i ca nhng o s sau ny phn nh mt con ng, s hin dng, v nng lc khc bit vi chng ta, nhng cc ngi vn c nhiu kinh nghim tng t vi nhng gian kh, kh au, v cm xc ca ring ta, v ta c th tng tng bn thn ta n lc ta c c nng lc ca cc ngi hin dng, cha lnh, v chng ng. Nh vy, cuc i ca cc o s lc ban u l nhng cuc i quan trng nht, nhng i vi nhiu c gi th cuc i ca nhng o s sau ny d lm cho chng ta nhn thc v ng cm hn.

Dng nh c hai l do khin c hai loi tiu s ny. Nhng thay i trong ngh thut bin son gii thch mt vi d bit gia nhng tng thut v cc o s lc ban u v cc v sau ny. Nhng l do chnh l s thay i hon cnh, nhng kh nng ca c ta v mc khong t v nhn thc ca h.

Thm na, trong s nhng tiu s ca cc o s sau ny, c nhiu v chng hn nh Do Khyentse, ra i vi tr tu v nng lc k diu, trong khi nhng v khc nh Dodrupchen Nht v Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, t c nhng thnh tu tm linh ti thng nh gii lut ca s kh hnh v hin dng. Nhiu o s thng i mt vi nhng chng ngi khc nghit trong hnh trnh tm linh ca cc ngi, nhng nng lc ca s thu sut, ha nguyn, v cm hng ca cc ngi khng ch gi gn cho cc ngi trn con ng m cn dn dt cc ngi ti mc tiu.

S trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig chy qua nhiu o s ca nhng dng truyn tha khc nhau. Trong quyn sch ny ti ch c th a vo nhng o s chnh yu ca bn thn dng Longchen Nyingthig v nhng o s c lin h trc tip trong vic lm cho s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig i ti nhng v Thy ca ti v sau ti ti.

C rt nhiu ti liu lin quan ti cuc i ca nhiu o s, nhng i vi mt vi o s quan trng nh Dola Jigme Kalzang, Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, Khenpo Pema Dorje, Dodrupchen Nh, v npo Tendzin Norbu, th ti ch c th tm

8

c rt t ti liu. Ngoi ra, ti tp trung nhiu hn vo cc o s m chng ta c t ti liu bng Anh ng v cc ngi hn l nhng o s m tiu s c th tm thy trong Anh ng.

Nhng o s m cuc i c ghi chp trong quyn sch ny l mt s v trong nhiu c nhn him hoi m chng ta c c Ty Tng trong lch s ko di hn mi th k ca Pht gio. Tuy nhin, chng ta khng nn c cm tng rng hu ht nhng ngi Ty Tng u l cc thin gi v i v nhng bc lo thng thnh tu ph din nhng nng lc huyn diu, nh tiu thuyt Lost Horizon (Chn Tri Mt) c th miu t! Nhng o s thnh tu nh th rt him c Ty Tng nu so snh vi ton th dn chng. ng thi, chng c l do g nghi ng vic cc ngi l nhng bc c nng lc tm linh v chng ng v i. Ni no c nhng hon cnh thch hp v c s hin dng tuyt i cho s tin b ca phm tnh tm linh ca tm hn l s tin b vt cht, th ngi ta s c chng kin nhng thnh tu tm linh nh th khng ch trong nn vn minh Ty Tng, m cn trong nhiu nn vn ha trong ton b lch s th gii trong nhng thi i hong kim giu c tm linh.

i vi ti ti liu trong quyn sch ny l ngun ti liu gy cm hng nht m ti tng c khi bin son. Mi o s th hon ton khc bit nhng cc ngi li rt ging nhau. Mi o s v i c c tnh c nht v nh hin l, c vai tr ng, c ni chn thc hin trong dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig qu bu ny. Hu ht cc o s v i ny ra i, bin mt vo qu kh xa xi, nhng s hin din ca cc ngi trong dng truyn tha qu bu ny, nhng li dy ca gio l gic ng ca cc ngi, v nng lc mang li nhng gia h ca cc ngi th vn li vi chng ta.

9

Quyn Mt

Li Gii thiu

PHT l chn l ph qut, v Pht gio l con ng nhn ra chn l . Pht l chn tnh, s m trng (rng rang), v trng thi gic ng ca th gii, nh n l. Mi s xut hin c tnh cht hin tng ch l nng lc hin l ca chnh chn tnh , nh chng xut hin. Nu chng ta nhn ra chn tnh ca ring ta, s an bnh ti thng, s m trng, nht nh, v gic ng, th chng ta l tt c ch Pht. Khi mi hin tng s t nhin xut hin nh ci tnh ca Pht, nng lc ca chn tnh.

Pht gio l nhng giai on ca con ng chng ng Pht qu, v chnh l nhng gio l truyn cm hng cho ta t ti s chng ng .

c Pht Shkyamuni (Thch Ca Mu Ni) (th k th nm-th t trc Cng nguyn)1 l mt trong nhiu bc thnh Pht nh con ng ca Pht gio trong thi i ny ca chng ta. Ngi l o s truyn b con ng thng c gi mt cch ph thng l Pht gio. Nhng Ngi khng phi l v Pht duy nht, v Pht gio khng ch gii hn trong nhng li dy ca Ngi.

Cc tantra (Mt in) l nhng Kinh in b mt nguyn thy ca Pht gio. Chng bao gm nhiu tantra Nyingma, chng hn nh cc tantra ca gio kha Longchen Nyingthig. Cc tantra ny khng nht thit l nhng iu c ghi chp li t nhng li dy ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni. Tuy nhin, cc tantra l nhng gio l Pht gio bi chng xut pht t cc thn Pht, v chng mang li nhng phng php dn chng ta ti Pht qu. Ngoi ra, cc tantra do cc mn chng ng ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni khm ph v ph hp vi gio l ca Ngi.

10

c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni

C PHT Shkyamuni (c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni), ng Ton Gic, n sinh hn hai mi lm th k trc gia nhng du hiu k diu, trong vn Lumbin (Lm T Ni), ngy nay thuc v Nepal. Thn ph ca Ngi l Vua Shuddhohana (Tnh Phn) v thn mu l Hong hu Mydev (Ma Da) thuc dng Shkya (Thch Ca). Ngi c t tn l Siddhrtha (Tt t a) v chng bao lu Ngi thng tho nhiu loi kin thc v tinh thng nhiu ngh thut tr thnh bc tr v trong tng lai ca vng quc. Cui cng, v phi ngu ca Ngi l Cng cha Yashodhar (Da Du La) hoi thai con trai ca ngi, Thi t Rhula (La Hu La).

Thi t Siddhrtha sng trong nhng lc th v xa hoa th tc tt nh c th c c trong thi i ca ngi. Thm ch thn ph ngi cn c gng ngn cn khng Ngi nhn thy hay bit v nhng ni c cc ca dn chng. Nhng Siddhrtha nhn ra rng trong th gian ny khng ai c c nim vui chn tht v khng c g ngoi ni kh au, ni kh trn ngp ca tui gi, bnh tt, ci cht, v nhng thng kh v tn. Mi s sinh ra u kt thc trong ci cht, mi t hi u kt thc trong phn ly, v mi s trn tr nim vui s kt thc trong au kh. Mi hot ng th tc, d trc tip hay gin tip, ch gy nn au kh ca s khng hi lng. Tt c nhng au kh ny c bt r trong cch tm thc tip cn sai lm khi bm chp vo ci ng,2 hng hc nhng cm xc sn hn v dc vng, v thm mun nim vui kh au, nh khi khao kht cm gic ca vic gi nga. Siddhrtha quyt nh tm ra phng php gii thot khi lun hi au kh v dn dt nhng ngi khc, nhng b m chng sinh, ti s chng ng gii thot v gic ng.

Nm Ngi hai mi chn tui, sau khi c thn ph min cng cho php Ngi t b i sng th tc, Ngi tr thnh mt ngi kh hnh lang thang khng nh. Ngi tm n nhiu hin nhn ni ting n v thin nh theo li ging dy ca h. Ngi thin nh trong khi tun gi nhng kh hnh kht khe trong su nm bn b Sng Nairajnan (Ni Lin Thin). Nhng s theo ui ny gip ngi pht trin nhng tng thin nh cao, s an bnh, v hoan h, nhng khng a c Ngi ti mc ch ti thng m Ngi ang tm kim: hon ton thot khi vic bm chp vo bn ng, bi tt c nhng thnh tu vn cn st li t nhiu s chp ng.

Nm ba mi lm tui, sau khi nhn ra rng kh hnh thn xc khng phi l mt phng tin hu hiu t c chn l, Siddhrtha ung mt t sa nguyn

11

cht. Sau khi t nui dng bn thn, Ngi i ti Vajrsana (Kim Cng Ta), ngy nay c gi l Bodhgay (B o Trng) bang Bihar, n . , vo m trc ngy trng trn ca thng Vaishkha (Thng T/Nm), Ngi an ta trong t th thin nh di mt cy c (ashvattha) (t c gi l Cy B ) v nhp nh.

Sau khi tri chng vng ti, nhng lc lng qu ma tp trung trc mt Ngi vi nhng s hm da v cm d ngn tr khng cho Ngi t c Gic ng. Cc lc lng qu ma nh nhng m my ln gm ln nhng li e da v xung nhng trn ma v kh. Cc trinh n p nh tin xut hin v nhy ma trc ngi khuy ng nhng gic quan ca ngi. Nhng khng iu g lay chuyn c tm Ngi, v Ngi an tr trong thin nh v lng t i. Trn ma v kh tr thnh ma hoa, v mi s xut hin dn dn tan bin nh mt o nh.

Sau , vo canh mt,3 Ngi nhp bn tng thin nh (t thin) (bSam gTan bZhi). Cp (tng) u tin (S thin) l thin nh nht tm vi h (dGa) v lc (bDe), la b nhng cm th ca dc gii, t c cp ny nh ngh tng (rTog) v phn tch (dPyod) nhng cm th l th lu v tiu cc. Cp th hai (nh thin) l thin nh nht tm trong tm trong tro vi h v lc, la b nhng t tng v s phn tch nhng cm th nh trong cp u tin. Cp th ba (tam thin) l thin nh nht tm vi lc, la b vic cm thy h lc trong cc cm th nh trong cp th hai nh s x b (bnh thn), hi tng, v tnh gic. Cp th t (t thin) l thin nh nht tm vi s x b, bng phng tin ca chnh nim thun tnh, la b nhng cm xc v lc ca cp th ba nh nhn ra n qu th tho.

Sau , vi tm hon ton an tnh, t ch, chi sng, nhu nhuyn, v trong tro c c nh bn tng thin nh, Ngi tp trung vo vic pht trin ba trng thi ca s tnh gic (Rig Pa Gsum). (1) Ngi t c thin nhn thng4 thu sut v vn chi tit v nhng thng trm ca tt c chng sinh cng vi nghip ca h, nguyn nhn to nn nhng thng trm . (2) Ngi t c tc mng thng,5 l kh nng thu sut v s i qu kh ca bn thn Ngi v nhng ngi khc v nhng iu xy ra v kinh nghim ca nhng cuc i vi y chi tit. (3) K , vo sng sm ngy trng trn, Ngi t c lu tn thng6 bng cch suy tng v chng ng bn cht ca mi hai duyn khi (thp nh nhn duyn) (rTen Brel bChu gNyis), nh lut ca cuc i.

Trong giai on ny, ngi nhn ra rng do bi (1) v minh (khng gic ng) nn sinh ra (2) hnh, l s hnh thnh ca nghip (hnh ng theo ch), do hnh sinh ra (3) thc, do thc sinh ra (4) danh sc (nhng hin tng khch quan thuc tinh thn v vt l), do danh sc sinh ra (5) lc nhp, l nng lc ca su gic quan, lc nhp sinh ra (6) xc, l s tip xc (ca cc i tng, gic quan, v nhng ng dng ca chng), xc sinh ra (7) th, th sinh ra (8) i (s tham mun), i sinh ra (9) th (s bm chp), th sinh ra (10) hu, l s tr thnh (hin hu), do hu sinh ra (11) sinh, bnh, (12) gi, au kh, v cht. Khi Ngi cng chng ng nh lut ca tin trnh o ngc mi hai duyn khi (thp nh nhn duyn). Do chm dt v minh nn hnh (s hnh thnh ca nghip) chm dt, v v.v..

Ngi chng ng bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ) (Phags Pai bDen Pa bZhi) ca mi mt trong mi hai duyn khi. Ngi thu sut v minh l g, u l

12

nguyn nhn ca v minh, u l s chm dt v minh, v u l con ng ca s chm dt v minh, v v.v..

Ngi chng ng bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ). (1) Ngi chng ng chn l v kh au (kh ), nhn ra rng ton b s hin hu th tc khng c g ngoi mt chui kh au. (2) Ngi chng ng chn l v nguyn nhn ca kh au (tp ), l nghip vi nhng th lc cm xc bt r trong s tham mun (i) v bm chp (th) vo bn ng. (3) Ngi chng ng chn l v s chm dt au kh (dit ), s thnh tu Nit bn, s gic ng. (4) Ngi chng ng chn l v con ng chm dt au kh (o ), s tu tp bt chnh o, tc l chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh hnh, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn, chnh nim, v chnh nh.

Sau , trc lc bnh minh, ngi nhp nh nh kim cng, kin c, bi khng c s ngn tr no c th hy dit c n; vng chc, bi khng b lay ng bi nhng nim tng; c bn cht nht nh, bi mi s trong u ng mt v (nht v); v trm khp, bi n l chn tnh ca mi s hin hu. Trong mt khonh khc duy nht ngi ht sch ngay c nhng du vt vi t nht ca cc che chng m ngi nui dng trong bn thn, hon thnh s chng ng ba trng thi tnh gic, v tr thnh ng Ton gic, c Pht. Ngi bay vt ln khng trung ti mt cao bng by cy tal (cy c) v an ta , ngi tuyn b:

Hm nay, mi s ti sinh [i vi ta] chm dt. Con ng hon tt. Khng cn iu g theo ui na.

V:

Ta chng ng mt Gio Php nh-cam l. N l mt sng t trong tro (tnh quang): khng c to tc, su xa, an bnh, v

vt mi n lc dng cng.

Trong bn mi lm nm cn li ca i Ngi, c Pht du hnh khng mi mt vi i chn trn v sng bng cch kht thc mi ngy mt ba. Vi tnh thng v tr tu, c Pht ging dy phng php t c Pht qu v phng s Tng on ca Ngi, l cng ng tng, ni v nhng ngi sng m, v tt c nhng ngi Ngi gp v nhng ngi n vi Ngi. Trong thi gian , c Pht ging dy nhng con ng khc nhau cho nhng ngi c tnh kh7 d bit.

Theo cc truyn thng Mahyna (i tha) v Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha) ca Pht gio th c Pht khng ch ging dy Hnayna, Pht gio thng thng hay chnh thng (Thanh Vn tha) m cng dy Mahyna, Pht gio tin b (i tha), v Vajrayna, Pht gio b truyn (Kim cng tha).

Gio l Hnayna (hay Theravdin) ca c Pht c gi l Tripitaka (Tam Tng). l Vinaya (Lut tng), ging dy v gii lut o c ca cng ng tu s v nhng c s sng m; Abhidharma (Lun tng), dy v tr tu ca tm l hc v siu hnh hc Pht gio; v Stra (Kinh tng), dy v nhng thin nh v nhng b Kinh khc nhau.

13

Bi thuyt php u tin ca ngi l v bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ). Gio l ny ging ngha ton b s pht trin ca chu k tinh thn v vt l ca th gian v chu k o ngc li. Ngi ging dy gio l ny cho nm t-tu s u tin ca Ngi ti Vn Lc Uyn, hin nay c gi l Srnth, gn Vrnas (Ba La Ni) n . c Pht ni:

Hi cc tu s, c bn chn l cao qu. l kh (kh ), nguyn nhn ca kh (tp ), s chm dt ni kh (dit ), v con ng chm dt ni kh (o ). (1) Chn l cao qu ca au kh (Kh ) l g? l ni kh ca sinh, lo, bnh, t, phi xa la nhng iu mong mun, phi gp nhng iu khng a thch, v khng c c nhng iu mnh tm kim. Tm li, nm un ca s tham luyn l kh. iu ny c gi l kh . (2) Chn l cao qu ca nguyn nhn au kh (Tp ) l g? l s tham mun gy nn s ti hin hu (hay li tr thnh chng sinh) v nhng iu c i km theo bi dc vng am m, v nhng g tm thy ton b nim vui trong [hay dnh mc vo] ci ny v ci kia. iu ny c gi l nguyn nhn ca au kh (tp ). (3) Chn l cao qu ca s chm dt au kh (dit ) l g? S chm dt au kh l s hon ton chm dt v hon ton thot khi dc vng, tham mun, l ci to nn s ti-hin hu v l ci c i km bi dc vng am m, v l ci tm kim, to ra, v ht sc ham thch ci ny v ci kia. (4) Con ng dn ti s chm dt au kh (o ) l g? l Bt chnh o, bao gm chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh hnh, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn, chnh nim, v chnh nh.8

S thnh tu nhng qu v ca Pht gio ty thuc vo nhng n lc ca bn thn c nhn hnh gi, v nhim v ca c Pht ch l ging dy v gy truyn cm hng cho h. c Pht ni:

Ta ch ra con ng gii thot. Cc con nn hiu rng s gii thot ca cc con ty thuc vo chnh cc con.9

Tinh ty ca vic tu tp Pht gio l ch hnh ng vi gii lut ng n v iu

phc tm ca chnh mnh bng Bt Chnh o. c Pht ni:

Khng lm iu c. Thc hnh mi iu thin. iu phc tm mnh. l li Pht dy.10

Nu chng ta c th iu phc tm ca ta, mi hnh vi ca thn ta s t nhin

c gii hnh nghim minh. bi tm dn dt tt c. c Pht ni:

Tm l yu t chnh, v n dn dt mi hnh ng. Vi mt tm thc thanh tnh, d con ni hay lm iu g S ch mang li hnh phc. N ging nh mt ci bng lun i theo sau.11

Khi chng ta thu sut v chng ng chn l ca cuc i v bn tnh ca tm

ta, chng ta s thot khi mi au kh. c Pht ni:

Bng tr tu, khi cc con nhn ra rng mi s duyn hp Th v thng,.. au kh.. v v ng,..

14

Cc con s khng bao gi b thng tn bi bt k au kh no. l con ng chn chnh!12

i vi cc t ca Mahyna (i tha), c loi ngi ln nhng phi-nhn,

c Pht truyn dy gio l Mahyna chng hn nh tr tu siu vit (tr tu ba la mt) v tinh ty Pht trn Ni Gridhrakta (nh Linh Thu) Rajgir (Rjagriha, Vng X) n v nhiu ni khc. Bi cha ti lc truyn b gio l Mahyna nn gio l ny ch c ban cho mt s t ngi. Nhiu th k sau ny, gio l Mahyna c khm ph cho cng chng bi nhng o s gi gn cc gio l v cng bi nhiu v mang gio l tr v t nhng x s v h thng th gii khc nhau.

Hu ht cc gii lut Mahyna c t trn Hnayna, hay nhng gio l Pht gio thng thng, nhng thi v ci thy (kin, quan im) th khc nhau. Lng i bi cng l mt thc hnh quan trng trong Pht gio thng thng, nhng hng nhn lnh ton b trch nhim v nhng ngi khc hay hng tr th cho ti khi mi b m chng sinh u c gii thot c gi l B tm, tm gic ng. Tu tp su ba la mt13 vi B tm l cch tip cn c nht v nh ca Mahyna.

i vi ci thy, nim v khng (tnh Khng) l ct li ca gio thuyt i tha. Trong ngha tuyt i hay chn l ti thng th mi hin tng l tnh Khng, v trn bnh din tng i hay theo chn l quy c th mi s xut hin nh s duyn khi, ging nh mt gic mng, o nh, hay s phng chiu. V th hai chn l th hp nht, v chng l bn tnh ca mi s m khng c cht mu thun no. Tnh Khng khng phi l s ph nh hay khng c g ht, m l mt s hon ton m trng (rng rang) v thot khi tm thc nh nguyn, nhng s nh danh c tnh cht khi nim, hay nhng nim v mi s cc oan, c (hu) hay khng (v), cng c cng khng hoc khng c khng khng. Tr tu nguyn s, l tnh Khng v s nhn ra tnh Khng, ng thi thu sut mi s m khng c gii hn no. Tr tu ny cng c biu tng nh b m, sui ngun hay ni an tr ca tt c ch Pht

V mt tu tp,14 trc tin nhng mn ca i tha s dng tm th tc ca h v nhng nim khi trong tm nh phng tin t c Pht qu, v nh tin trin qua tin trnh , cui cng h t c Pht qu. c Pht ni:

Ch v B Tt t c tr tu chng ng [s hp nht] ca s duyn khi v

bn tnh ca tnh Khng bt sinh bt dit, Ging nh nhng tia sng ca mt tri khng b my che xua tan bng ti, Tiu dit v minh v thnh tu [Pht qu]15 hin din t nhin.

V:

Con l ly b m v i ca ch Pht ba thi, Tnh Khng, l phm vi ca tr tu t-tnh gic, Thot khi nhng s nh danh, t tng v nhng biu l, V bt sinh v bt dit, nh khng gian.16

V:

15

Sc l Khng. Khng l sc. Khng khng la sc. Sc chng la Khng.17

i vi cc mn Kim Cng tha, thnh gi trong loi ngi v phi nhn m

tm thc thun thc mt cch khc thng, c Pht ban nhng qun nh hay nhp mn (abhisheka) v cc gio l tantra,18 gio l b mt Guhyasamja v Klachakra v v.v.. ti Dhnyakataka Odddiyna, v nhng ni khc, bng cch t bin thnh hnh thc Bo thn, s hin l chn thc ca c Pht. Nhiu th k sau, khi ng thi, nhng gio l c mang tr li t nhng x s khc nhau v c tit l cho cng chng. Ngoi ra, nhiu tantra c ch Pht tit l cho nhiu bc lo thng chng ng v i.

Nhng gio l tantra khng ch l nhng li ging dy m cn chuyn ch mt s trao truyn nng lc b mt, s chng ng tr tu nguyn s. S trao truyn ny xy ra trong l qun nh (trao quyn) cho t i vo vic hc tp v chng ng tantra. K t duy tr s tng tc ca trao truyn , v iu c gi l s tun gi samaya, gii nguyn b mt. Vi samaya khng b t on, t tu tp hai giai on.19 Giai on pht trin ty sch s tham luyn vo cc hin tng, thn, v tm. Trong giai on , vi n lc trong tm, ta qun tng th gii, thn, v tm nh mn la ca Bn Tn, xut hin nhng trng khng, tnh ha s sinh v t v trng thi trung m. Giai on ton thin hon thnh nhng thnh tu nng lc, gia h v chng ng. Trong giai on ny, nh a kh/nng lc v tm vo kinh mch trung ng, ta chng ng v hon thin tr tu, l ci g hin din bm sinh, trm khp v thot khi nhng t tng. Nhng tu tp Mt tha20 hin thn mt thin xo phi thng ca s ton thin. Chng hn nh, chng hon thin tm ta nh s hp nht ca s chng ng tnh Khng v s xut hin ca tt c nh tr tu ca i lc (hay lng bi mn) v nh ba thn Pht. Tu tp Mt tha mang li s thnh tu Pht qu ngay trong i ny. c Pht ni:

Gio l ca mt v h tr-kim cng [trantra] c t nn trn hai giai on. l giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin.21

V:

S bt kh phn [hp nht] ca tnh Khng v lng bi mn c gi l Tm Gic ng.22

tui tm mi,23 vo ngy trng trn ca thng Vaishkha (Thng T/Nm),

an ta di cy shla (Shorea robusta) ti Kushinagara (Cu Thi Na) min bc n , c Pht tuyn b vi cc mn ca ngi:

Cc tu s. Ta sp nhp Nit bn. ng su no v iu . Nu cc con c vn g th hy hi ta khng ai phi hi hn v b l mt c hi nh th.

16

Ngi lp li cu ny ba ln, nhng tt c u im lng. Sau c Pht ci thng y v l b ngc vng ca ngi, lp i lp li rng mi ngi hy chim ngng thn tng ca c Pht, l iu rt him c chng kin. Mi ngi cm thy bnh an nh thin nh bng cch chim ngng khng chp mt thn tng thun tnh nh vng rng ca c Pht. Sau , mt ln na, Ngi mc y v nm nghing v bn phi, Ngi nhp i nit bn, s hon ton chm dt kh au, an bnh ti thng, Pht qu. Ngi ri b thn tng nh sui ngun ca s gia h, hi tng cc gio l v s hin din ca c Pht.

SAU C PHT

Sau c Pht, by v trng lo, ng ch nht l Mahkshyapa (i Ca Dip) v nanda (A Nan); hai bc xut chng v su Php bo ca Mahyna (i tha), ng k nht l Ngrjuna (Long Th) v Asanga (V Trc); tm mi bn i thnh tu gi ca Kim Cng tha, ng k nht l Saraha v Nropa; v tm tr minh vng, ng k nht l Prahevajra v Manjushrmitra, duy tr v truyn b Pht php, c Kinh in ln Mt in, n v a chng ti hu ht mi ni trong lc a chu .

Khong nm th k sau c Pht, Gio l i tha bt u c truyn b rng ri. Sau , mi th k sau c Pht, gio l Kim Cng tha bt u c truyn b rng ri n , nh nh hng ca i tha. V th Pht gio dn dn pht trin thnh hai trng phi chnh: Hnayna, Pht gio chnh thng, v Mahyna, Pht gio tin b (i tha). Hnayna c truyn b sang cc quc gia pha nam v Mahyna sang cc quc gia pha bc ca chu . S pht trin ny tri qua nhng bin i sut cc thi i, nhng t lc bt u cho ti th k hai mi th s phn b i khi nh sau: Pht gio Mahyna, theo Kinh in Phn ng, c truyn b Nepal, Trung , Trung quc, Hn quc, Java, Sumatra, Nht Bn, Ty Tng, Bhutan, v Mng C. Pht gio Hnayna, hay Theravdin (Pht gio nguyn thy), theo Kinh in Pli, c truyn b ti Sri Lanka, Min in, Thi Lan, Cam Bt (Cao Min), v Lo. Ti Vit Nam, c Hnayna ln Mahyna u c thc hnh.

Tht khng may, vo th k mi hai, bn cht bt bo ng ca Pht gio khin n bin mt khi n , ni sn sinh ra Pht gio, trc s thng tr ca ngi theo n gio, v sau ny, bi nhng cuc xm lc ca ngi theo Hi gio. Tuy nhin, Pht gio vn cn pht trin ti Sri Lanka, Thi Lan, Min in, Nepal, ng dng, Trung quc, Nht Bn, Ty Tng, Bhutan, Mng C, v nhng quc gia khc Chu . Ngy nay, trong th k hai mi, Pht gio c a tr li n v pht trin n nhiu ni khp a cu.

Mt trong nhng thin xo c nht v nh ca Pht gio l s hin din ca nhiu cch tip cn trong cch nhn (quan im) v vic tu tp. Lankvatra-stra (Kinh Lng Gi) ni: Trong mt chng mc no cc t tng vn tip tc le ln cho cc chng sinh, khng c gii hn i vi cc tha hay cch tip cn Gio Php. Trong th gii c v s chng sinh, mi ngi trong c mt bn tnh v kh nng khc nhau. V th cn phi c nhng con ng khc nhau h thc hnh ph hp vi bn tnh ca h. Nhng khng th ging dy nhiu tha nh s

17

chng sinh c. Tuy nhin c Pht ban nhiu loi gio l Kinh in v tantra (Mt in) khc nhau cho nhng ngi h cn, trung cn v thng cn, tt c nhng gio l y u dn ti cng mt mc ch. Ty thuc vo nhng phng php khc nhau m ta theo ui, ta c th nhanh chng t c mc ch hay sau khi thc hnh lu di.

phn bit tnh cht ca ba tha, ngi ta a ra mt v d l mt loi cy c, tng trng cho nhng nhim ca tham, sn, v si. Trong Hnayna mt hnh gi n trnh s nguy him ca cht c. Trong Mahyna, hnh gi tiu dit cht c bng nhng cch i tr. Trong Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha), hnh gi chuyn ha cht c thnh tr tu siu vit.

18

Pht gio Ty Tng

PHT GIO Ty Tng bt u t th k th by, trong triu i ca Vua Songtsen Gampo (617-698).24 Trong th k th chn, vo thi ca Vua Trisong Detsen (790-858),25 Shntarakshita, Guru Rinpoche (c Padmasambhava, Lin Hoa Sanh), Vimalamitra, v nhiu hc gi v hin nhn v i nht ca thi i n c mi sang Ty Tng. Vi hng trm dch gi, cc ngi dch gio l Hnayna, Mahyna, v Vajrayna sang ting Ty Tng. Ty Tng tr thnh mt trung tm pht trin cho ton b cc loi gio l o Pht. T th k th chn cho ti gia th k hai mi, Ty Tng bo tn gio l ca ba tha trong mt s trao truyn khng t on.

Tt c nhng ngi Ty Tng u l Pht t, theo Mahyna v Vajrayna. Gia Hnayna v Mahyna c nhiu khc bit v trit hc, gii lut, v nhng nguyn c, nhng thi c cho l vn chnh yu phn bit hai tha ny. Ngi thc hnh Pht gio ch yu l v hnh phc v s gii thot ca bn thn l mt ngi theo Hnayna. Ngi thc hnh vi B tm, thi nhn trch nhim v hnh phc v s gii thot ca nhng ngi khc, l mt ngi theo Mahyna, mt B Tt. Ty Tng, t nht vo lc bt u mt thi kha thc hnh, nu ta bt u vi s pht trin B tm, th ta ang c gng tr thnh mt mn ca con ng Mahyna (i tha).

Khng nhng trong cc Lt ma v tu s m c cc c s, khng ai Ty Tng m khng nhn nhng qun nh tu tp Mt tha; v th, tt c nhng ngi Ty Tng cng l cc mn ca Mt tha. n c, tantra c thc hnh b mt, nhng Ty Tng hu ht cc tantra c thc hnh m khng b nhiu hn ch. Cc v Thy quan st rng vic thc hnh tantra ty thuc vo lng knh ngng (sng m) i vi gio l, n ni lng knh ngng bo m cho mt ngi c nhn cc gio hun. X n khng bao gi hon ton hin mnh cho Pht gio, nhng ton b x Ty Tng theo o Pht; v th s cn thit phi gi b mt v s phn bit trong vic cho php nghin cu cc tantra hai ni ny th khng ging nhau.

Ngoi cc gio l Mahyna v Vajrayna, nhiu Kinh in Hnayna, chng hn nh bn s phn chia cc bn vn vinaya (Lut tng) v nhiu Kinh in, to thnh nn tng ca thc hnh Pht gio Ty Tng. V th Ty Tng l mt x s trong ton b gio l Pht gio c bo tn v thc hnh trit .

Cc trng phi khc nhau bn truyn thng chnh v nhiu truyn thng ph ca Pht gio xut hin Ty Tng. Nhng cch hiu gio l Kinh in thay i vi nhng hc gi Ty Tng, nhng nhng phn bit chnh yu nm trong nhng cch hiu v thc hnh tantra. Cc tantra c dch t Phn ng trc th k mi mt c gi l Ngak Nyingma, tantra c, v cc tantra c dch trong v sau th k mi mt c gi l Ngak Sarma, tantra mi. C nhng tantra c dch trong thi k u ln thi k sau, nhng nhiu tantra c dch trong thi k u nhng khng c dch li trong thi k sau. Mt s tantra c dch trong thi k u b tht lc, v th ch nhng bn dch trong thi k sau l cn tn ti. V mt s bn dch lc u c hiu nh trong thi k sau v tn ti nh cc tantra ca nhng trng phi lc ban u v sau ny. Cc tantra ring ca phi Nyingma l ba tantra ni, tc l cc tantra Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga.

19

Kt qu l bn dng hay trng phi chnh pht trin Ty Tng. Trng phi ca truyn thng Pht gio Mt tha nguyn thy ca Ty Tng c gi l Nyingma, C Phi. Cc mn ca tn tantra pht trin thnh ba trng phi khc:

1. Kagy, do Marpa Lotswa (1012-1099) sng lp 2. Sakya, do Khn Knchok Gyalpo (1034-1102) sng lp 3. Geluk, do Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) sng lp

Trong truyn thng Kinh in khng c s phn chia nhng bn dch c hay mi (cu dch hay tn dch). Nhng s phn chia p dng cho cc Kinh in Ty Tng l phn chia ca nhng truyn b lc ban u v sau ny. S truyn b lc ban u (bsTan Pa sNga Dar) m ch nhng gio l c truyn b trc triu i ca Vua Lang Darma, ngi c quy cho ti hy dit Pht gio, l tn gio ngoi quc, Ty Tng. S truyn b sau ny (Phyi Dar) bt u vi vic cng c li Kinh in Pht gio sau vic m st Lang Darma vo nm 906. S khng nh c tnh cch lch s ca phi Nyingma lin quan ti thi k chuyn tip do vic b o ca triu nh gy ra l trong khi Pht gio Kinh tha b ngn cm th s bc hi khng hy dit c vic thc hnh Pht gio Mt tha, bi vic thc hnh khng ph thuc vo mt cu trc tu vin v c th bc hu hnh, v cng bi s hi nng lc ca tntrika v i Nupchen Sangye Yeshe, ngi e da vua Lang Darma bng mt s ph din nhng iu thn diu.

Nhiu Kinh in v tantra (Mt in) c dch thut trong thi k truyn b ban u c dch li hay hiu nh trong giai on truyn b v sau, khin cho, mc d mt vi thay i trong nguyn bn, chng u chung nht trong c hai giai on. V d nh nhng Kinh vn sau y cn tn ti cc bn dch lc ban u v v sau: hu ht trong s mi ba quyn Vinayapitaka (Lut Tng); ton b bn vn Prajnpramit (Bt nh ba la mt a); ton b su quyn Ratnakta (Kinh i Bo Tch); su quyn Avatamsaka (Kinh Hoa Nghim); nhiu Kinh in v Mantrasamgraha; v Mahparinirvna-stra (Kinh i Bt Nit Bn), tt c nhng g thuc v Kanjur (bKa Gyur), tuyn tp cc gio l Kinh in ca c Pht (trong 104 quyn gm khong 1.046 lun thuyt). Nhiu bn vn Tenjur (bsTan Gyur), tuyn tp nhng tc phm ca cc hc gi n (trong 185 quyn gm khong 3.786 lun thuyt) c dch sang ting Ty Tng, cng c gi gn trong c tn dch ln cu dch. Mn ca c hai s truyn b ng vi nhau trong vic chp nhn tt c Kinh in l xc thc v trong vic thc hnh chng. Nhng d bit xut hin do nhng cch gii thch khc nhau v cc bn vn ca cc hc gi Ty Tng cng nh s khc bit trong vic nh r nhng bn vn c ngha tuyt i (Nges Don, liu ngha) v nhng bn vn c ngha tng i (Drang Don, bt liu ngha).

Lin quan ti vic pht hin cc tantra, cc tantra chnh trong Tn tantra c c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ging dy trong khi Ngi t hin l l nhng Bn Tn Bo thn. Cc mn ca Tn tantra phn loi Pht gio nh sau:

BA THA THUC NGUYN NHN:

Shrvakayna (Thanh Vn tha) Pratyekabuddhayna (c Gic tha)

20

Bodhisattvayna (B Tt tha)

BN THN CH THA THUC KT QU: Kriyyoga Charyyoga Yogatantra

ANUTTARATANTRA (Mt in Du gi Ti thng): tantra cha tantra m tantra bt nh

Theo cc Nyingmapa, nhng mn ca cc Tantra C, hu ht cc tantra

Nyingma do cc thn tr tu ca ch Pht ban cho nhng bc lo thng Pht gio v i. Nyingma phn loi ton b gio l Pht gio thnh chn yna (chn tha).

BA THA B MT:

1. Shrvakayna (Thanh Vn tha) [Hnayna] 2. Pratyekabuddhayna (c Gic tha) [Hnayna] 3. Bodhisattvayna (B Tt tha) [Mahyna]

Su Tha Mt in [Vajrayna]:

BA THA NGOI: 4. Kriyyoga 5. Charyyoga 6. Yogatantra

BA THA NI:

7. Mahyoga (i du gi) 8. Anuyoga (A nu du gi) 9. Atiyoga (i Vin mn)

Ba tantra ni l nhng tantra c bit ca Nyingma. c bit l Atiyoga, hay

Dzopa Chenpo (Phn ng: Mahsandhi26 hay Ati), l nh cao ca Pht gio. Mt ngi c s thng tu thng tha thc hnh con ng ny vi s tinh tn s t c trng thi tuyt i trong ba nm; mt ngi c mc thng tu trung bnh s t c trong su nm; v mt ngi km thng tu s thnh tu trong mi hai nm.

Mt s cc tantra trong ba tantra ni c bao gm trong tuyn tp Kanjur, nhng c mt tuyn tp ring bit ca ba tantra ni c gi l Nyingma Gybum trong hai mi lm (hay ba mi mt) quyn. Cng c nhiu tantra ca truyn thng ny xut hin t nhin trong tm ca cc o s chng ng. C nhiu bn vn sdhana v tantra c Guru Rinpoche trao truyn, nhng gio l ny do Guru Rinpoche v phi ngu ca ngi ct du v c hng trm tertn khm ph li nh Terma (gTer) vo nhng thi i khc nhau, t th k mi mt cho ti nay.

21

T thn Atiyoga c ba phn: Semde, Longde, v Me-ngagde. o s Shrsimha phn chia Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha, tc l cc Gio kha Ni, Ngoi, B mt, v B mt Thm su. Cc gio l Me-ngagde ni chung, v c bit l Gio kha B mt Thm su, c gi l Nyingthig (Tinh ty Thm su).

Nh thc hnh Trekch (Khreg Chod, ct t) ca Atiyoga ni chung, v c bit l ca Nyingthig, nhiu thin gi chng ng bn tnh ni ti ca tm v nhanh chng ha nhp tm mnh vo bn tnh ti thng, Pht qu, ngay trong i ny. Vo lc cht, vi nhng tia sng, hng thm, v nhng vng nh sng, nhiu v tan bin nhc thn, ch li tc, mng tay, v mng chn. iu c gi l thnh tu thn cu vng hay thn nh sng cu vng (Ja Lus), bi nh sng xut hin trong tin trnh tan r v cc ngi t c thn nh sng-tr tu ca Bo thn.

Nh thc hnh Thgal (Thod rGal, s tip cn trc tip) ca Nyingthig, cc thin gi v i cng t c Pht qu, v vo lc cht, nhiu v chuyn ha nhc thn thnh thn nh sng, v an tr lu di trong theo mun, v ch c nhng bc chng ng mi c th nhn thy thn nh sng . iu ny c gi l thn cu vng ca s i chuyn ha (Ja Lus Pho Ba Chen Po).

Ngoi mi by tantra (rGyud bChu bDun), Nyingthig bao gm nhiu tantra v gio l khc do cc tertn khm ph. V d nh, Chetsn Nyingthig do Chetsn khm ph (v Khyentse Wangpo ti khm ph); Khandro Nyingthig do Pema Ledreltsal khm ph; Karma Nyingthig do Karmapa Tam Rangchung Dorje khm ph; Dorsem Nyingthig ca truyn thng Vairochana do Knkyong Lingpa khm ph; Longchen Nyingthig do Jigme Lingpa khm ph; Bair Nyingthig do Chgyur Lingpa khm ph, v Tsasum sal Nyingthig do Khyentse Wangpo khm ph. Nhng gio l tng t cng c tm thy trong nhiu gio kha ca gio l Nyingma m khng c nh r l Nyingthig, chng hn nh Gongpa Zangthal do Rigdzin Gdem khm ph; Dorje Nyingpo do Longsal Nyingpo khm ph; v Sangye Lakchang do Namch Mingyur Dorje khm ph.

Trong tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig ny, Vima Nyingthig, c Vimalamitra trao truyn Ty Tng, v Khandro Nyingthig do Guru Rinpoche trao truyn, m v sau ny c truyn b nh nhng pht hin v tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363), l nhng gio l su xa v phc tp nht v Nyingthig.

Trong th k mi tm, Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph gio kha Longchen Nyingthig cng vi mt vi tantra Nyingthig nguyn thy nh terma. S khm ph ny a cc gio l Nyingthig ti ch c nhiu ngi yu qu nht. Ngy nay, Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig c gi l Cu Nyingthig v Longchen Nyingthig c gi l Tn Nyingthig.

22

Ba Cch Trao truyn Trc h ca cc Tantra Nyingma Ni Ni chung

Nhng gio l Mt tha ni tuyt i b mt ca Nyingma xut pht t c Pht nguyn thy v i ti cc v Thy ca chng ta nh ba cch trao truyn. l cch truyn tm ca ch Pht, trao truyn bng biu tng ca cc Tr minh vng, v khu truyn ca cc nh kh hnh.

S TRUYN TM CA CH PHT

S truyn tm ca ch Pht (rGyal Ba dGongs brGyud) l s trao truyn c

nht v nh tn ti gia cc v Pht. Ch bng vic nhn ra ngha ca cc tantra nh v Thy (Pht), on ty tng gm cc t (ch Pht l nhng hin l ca bn thn Ngi) cng c cng s chng ng. y l s trao truyn bn tnh tm ca Thy v t. Cng c loi truyn tm th yu hay tng t trong cc t khng l mt vi v Thy s tr nn bt kh phn trong tm vi v Thy nh phng tin l s gia h ca Thy.

Dharmakya (Php thn) an tr khng bin i sut ba thi (qu kh, hin ti, v tng lai) trong th kin chi ngi v s bt kh phn ca Php gii v tr tu nguyn s, l c Pht nguyn thy v bn tnh tuyt i ca mi hin tng.

Nh nng lc s ph din ca lng bi mn bao la v s quang minh t nhin ca ci thy v Php thn, bn tnh ca tr tu nguyn s l ci khng th ch ra m cng khng th m t, nm thun cnh ca Bo thn hin din. V vy trao truyn ny c gi l s ging dy ca Php thn, mc d vic ging dy trc tip khng thc s xy ra. Nm thun cnh l:

NI CHN: Ci tnh v song, xut hin t nhin nh tri gic v cng thanh tnh ca tr tu nguyn s. O S: Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr), ng c trang hong y nhng ho tng chnh v ph. T: Ch Pht thuc nm b v nhng mn la nh i dng gm cc Bn Tn ha bnh v phn n, nhng v bt kh phn vi bn thn v Thy. GIO L: Gio l kh din by ca Vajrayna su xa v thing ling; bn tnh tuyt i ca cc hin tng. THI GIAN: Ba giai on ca thi gian khng bin i.

NHNG TRAO TRUYN BIU TNG

CA CC TR MINH VNG

S trao truyn biu tng ca cc tr minh vng (Rig Dzin brDa brGyud) l s trao truyn t mt v Thy h tr-tr tu chng ng v hon thin tr tu nguyn s ca tantra cho cc t B Tt m tm thc hon ton thun thc th

23

nhn gio l. V Thy tp trung tm ngi, tr tu tnh gic nguyn s, v n thun a ra biu th hay c ch tng trng (mudr, n) v tht ln nhng ch linh thing, nhng cu hay nhng bi ht tng (thn ch), v khi t lp tc thu hiu ngha vin mn ca tantra. Cch trao truyn ny cng c gi l trao truyn tnh gic ca cc B Tt.

Nh th, cc tantra n th gii con ngi qua hai giai on trao truyn biu tng:

1. Trao truyn cho cc Tr minh vng Phi nhn. Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr), v Thy Mt tha, t hin l nh cc B Tt trong ba loi hin th (Rigs gSum) Manjushr (Vn Th) tr tu, Avalokiteshvara (Qun Th m) bi mn v Vajrapn (Kim Cng Th) nng lc v trao truyn nhng tantra cho cc ci tri, ngi, rng, v d xoa bng s trao truyn biu tng.

Trong Ci Tri Trayatrimsha (ao Li), Ci ca Ba mi ba v Tri, tri Zangkyong c nm trm con trai sinh ra t tm thc. Ngi ln tui nht, Knga Nyingpo, siu vit hn nhng ngi khc v tr tu v lng dng cm. ng thch sng mt mnh trong thin tht v thc hin nhng s tr tng kim cng. ng c gi l Adhichitta (Tng Thng Tm, Bc C Tm Phi thng). Trong cc gic m ng nhn thy bn loi du hiu:

Nhng tia sng phng chiu t ch Pht mi phng bao quanh ton th chng sinh v tan bin vo nh u ngi. Ngi nut Brahm (Phm Thin), Vishnu, v Maheshvara (i T Ti Thin). Ngi m mt tri v mt trng trong tay, v nhng tia sng tri rng khp th gii. Mt trn ma cam l xung t nhng m my c mu sc qu bu trong khng trung v sn sinh v vn cy ci v hoa tri.

Sng hm sau ngi thut li gic m cho Kaushika (Kiu Thi Ca) [Indra, Tri Thch], mt trong nhng bc th h ca cc v tri, v ny tn thn ngi trong nhng cu th sau:

K diu thay! y l lc gio thuyt ca tinh ty khng dng cng s xut hin. Ngi l hin l ca ch Pht v B Tt trong ba thi. Ngi l o s thp a v nh sng tuyt vi ca th gii. Ngi l Php bo ca ci tri. Tuyt diu thay!

Sau Kaushika gii thch ngha ca cc gic m. Gic m th nht biu th

rng Adhichitta t c s thu sut ca tt c ch Pht v tr thnh v nhip chnh ca cc Ngi. Gic m th hai biu th rng Adhichitta dit sch ma qun (nhng th lc tiu cc) v ba c: tham, sn, v si. Gic m th ba cho thy ngi xua tan bng ti trong tm cc t v tr thnh ngn Php ng. Gic m th t ch ra rng ngi lm an du nhng au kh do sc nng ca cc nhim bng cht cam l ca gio l Atiyoga t sinh v thnh tu t nhin kt qu khng cn dng cng ca Atiyoga.

Sau tt c ch Pht t hi v khuyn thnh c Vajrasattva bng nhng cu k sau:

24

Ngi l ng s hu phng tin thin xo y nng lc thn diu qu bu, Xin m toang cnh ca dn ti vic p ng tt c nhng g mt t c mun. Xin ban cho ngi y ca ci ca s khng dng cng [gio l Dzopa Chenpo].

Sau t tri tim ca Vajrasattva mt bnh xe nm ngc chi li xut hin, v

ngi trao n cho Sattvavajra27 (Kim Cng Th), thc dc v ny bng nhng li k:

Con ng tr tu nguyn s bt nh, ngha b mt, V hnh, v cng (khng cn dng cng), gic ng t v thy, c gi l Trung o V i: Xin ch by con ng ny cho cc t.

Trong nhng vn k sau, Sattvavajra ha s ging dy:

Vajrasattva, Php gii v i. Khng phi l i tng ca s din t bng li; Ti tht kh trnh by. Nhng i vi nhng chng sinh khng chng ng, nh biu th ca ngn t, a h ti s chng ng, Ti s gii thot nhng ngi tu tp bng mi phng tin thch hp.

Sau Sattvavajra nhn ton b gio l Atiyoga t nm b Pht. Sattvavajra

xut hin trc Devaputra Adhichitta trong cung in chin thng Ci Trayatrimsha (Ci Tri ao Li) ca cc v tri v ban cho Adhichitta ton b cc nhp mn qua s trao truyn biu tng. Ch trong khonh khc, ngi ban tt c nhng tantra v gio hun v qun nh (gia lc) cho Adhichitta l nhip chnh ca ngi. K ngi ni nhng li k sau:

Cu mong tinh ty ca gio l k diu, Sau khi c truyn b khp ba ci tri Nh nam t-tm yu hin l, c truyn b trung tm ca lc a Jambu (Dim Ph , tri t).

Sau , Adhichitta ging dy gio l Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) v truyn b

trong ci tri. 2. Trao truyn cc Tantra cho cc Tr minh vng Phi-nhn v Con Ngi.

Theo cc Kinh in, hai mi tm nm sau khi c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni th tch, nm bc li lc (Dam Pai Rigs Chan Dra-Ma lNga) tc l tri Yashasv Varapla, rng Takshaka, d xoa Ulkmukha, la st Matyaupyika, v Licchavi Vimalakrti (ngi) xut hin t s thin nh ca h. Nh nng lc tin tri, h bit rng c Pht thnh tu i Nit bn. Nh nng lc thn diu, h t hi trn nh Ni Malaya trong x Lank. H ht hai mi ba bi ca thng thit, trong c nhng dng:

Than i, than i, than i! i S Rng ln Bao la! Nu nh sng ngn n ca o s tt i, Ai s xua tan bng ti ca th gian?

25

c ch Pht khuyn thnh, B Tt Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) xut hin trc h v ban gio l ca tha thing ling, tantra (Mt in), l gio l lng danh trong ba ci tri Akanishtha (Ti thng, Sc cu cnh thin), Tushita (u Sut), v Trayatrimsha (ao Li).

D xoa Matyanpyika vit cc tantra trn nhng phin vng bng mc ma-la-cht v ct du chng trong khng trung.

Ni Malaya, ni Vajrapni tit l cc tantra cho nm bc li lc, c i Thnh tu gi Kathok Getse nhn ra l nh Adam (hay Shrpda) Sri Lanka, v Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche28 ng vi iu .

S TRUYN KHU CA CC NH KH HNH

S truyn khu ca cc nh kh hnh (rNal Byor sNyan brGyud) l mt s trao truyn khng phi do cc thn thnh hay ch Pht, m qua mt con ngi trong thn tng bnh thng. Tuy nhin, iu ny ch yu ni n s xut hin ca cc ngi i vi cc t hn l bn tnh thc s ca nhng ngi trao truyn, trong c ch Pht v B Tt chng hn nh Prahevajra (dGa Rab rDo rJe) v Guru Rinpoche.

Trong Knzang Lame Zhalung (Li Vng ca Thy ti),29 Paltrul Rinpoche nh danh s ni tip t Vua Ja v Prahevajra xung ti Guru Rinpoche v Vimalamitra,v.v.. l s trao truyn biu tng. S phn chia ny ch yu c to lp trn nn tng ca tnh cht thc s ca nhng trao truyn ny. Nhng trong bn tng thut hin ti th nhng phn chia c lp trn nn tng ca truyn thng Nyingma ni chung.

Chnh c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ban nhng gio l Mt tha bng cch hin l nh nhng Bn Tn khc nhau ca tantra. Nhiu bc lo thng cng mang v cc tantra ca nhng tha ngoi t nhng x s khc nhau v thc hnh chng ht sc b mt. Nhng nhng tantra ni ca Nyingma, l nhng gio l m cc bc lo thng v i nhn lnh t ch Pht trong cc linh kin thanh tnh v c gi gn tuyt i b mt n , ti Ty Tng, chng pht trin v tr thnh nhng gio l thing ling nht ca Nyingma. Cc tantra ni c ba loi: Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga.

26

Nhng Dng Truyn tha ca Ba Tantra Ni Chnh yu ca Nyingma

MAHYOGA30

Trong tt c cc tantra ni, nhng ngi c khai tm thc hnh c hai giai on hay s hp nht ca hai giai on, l giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin (thnh tu). Nhng i khi ba tantra ni cng c m t l thuc v giai on pht trin, giai on ton thin, v i vin mn. Tuy nhin, c nhng d bit trong vic nhn mnh vo ci thy (kin) v thin nh v s nhanh chng ca kt qu.

Trong Mahyoga,31 nhng ngi c khai tm ch yu ch trng ti giai on pht trin, s qun tng mn la Bn Tn. Nh qun tng cc s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng nh cc Bn Tn v cc ci tnh , thn th, cc yu t (cc i), v nng lc ca cc ngi, h tnh ha nm nng lc (hay kh) ca nm yu t v chuyn ha cc hin tng m lm thnh Ci Pht. Kt qu l h t c tr tu ca i lc, quang minh, v thot khi cc nim. H t c gii thot cho bn thn h ngay trong i ny v c th p ng nhng nhu cu ca chng sinh.

Trong Mahayoga c hai phm tr gio l: tantra v sdhana.

TANTRA

Nh c Pht tin tri, nh nng lc gia h ca cc lun thuyt Kim Cng tha ca Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) cho nm bc li lc, Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra, ngi ang thc hnh cc tantra ngoi, c by gic m. Sau , nhiu bn vn mt tha c vit bng mc khong cht ma-la-cht trn giy vng v mt hnh tng ca Vajrapni cao 0,6m v c lm bng nhng vin ngc qu t khng trung h xung mi cung in ca Vua. Nh vua thc hin nhng l cng dng v cu nguyn cc i tng thing ling. iu ny nh thc nghip ca Vua l kinh nghim trc y v tantra, v nh vua thu hiu ngha ca chng c ta l Dorje Sempa Zhalthong (Nhn ra Khun Mt ca Vajrasattva). S dng chng ny v hnh tng ca Vajrapni, Vua thc hnh trong su thng. Nh vua nhn thy mt linh kin thanh tnh v Vajrasattva v nhn t ngi mt gio hun tin tri, ph hp vi tin tri ny Vua thc hin s tnh ha thn xc nh giai on pht trin. Vua Ja nhn thy Vajrapni, nhn cc gio l v nhng gia h, v thu sut tt c nhng bn vn Mt tha nhn. Sau Vajrapni ban cho nh vua qun nh ngha tuyt i ca cc gio l, v Vajrapni khuyn Vua nhn nhng gio l truyn khu t Licchavi Vimalakrti. Sau nh vua ti gp Vimalakrti v nhn mi tm tantra32 Mahyoga, v Vua Ja truyn nhng gio l ny cho i thnh tu gi Kukkurja.

Vua Ja c cc s gia nhn dng theo nhng cch khc bit. Mt s v ni Vua Ja v Vua Indrabhti v i l mt ngi, v mt s th ni vua Ja l con trai ca Vua Indrabhti. Nhng ngi khc ni Vua l ngi th hai trong ba Indrabhti,

27

mt nhn nh m Dudjom Rinpoche ni trong tc phm Lch s Trng phi Nyingma ca Pht gio Ty Tng ca ngi c l l nhn nh ng n nht.

SDHANA

Phm tr sdhana cng c hai phn: kama, Kinh in, v terma, nhng kho tng

n du c khm ph.

Kama, Cc Sdhana Kinh in

Nm kama (bKa Ma), cc sdhana Kinh in, l nhng sdhana ca thn, ng, tm, c hnh, v hnh ng. Chng c khm ph bi nm o s v i, l nhng bc t c nhng thnh tu nh thc hnh cc gio l ny.

Sdhana thn, Jampal Trow Sang-gy, v nhng tantra khc ca c Vn Th Phn n (Yamntaka) thuc Pht b T L Gi Na, c o s Manjushrmitra nhn lnh. Tantra ng, Hayagrvall, v nhng tantra Hayagrva khc thuc Pht b A Di c Ngrjuna nhn lnh. Tantra tm, Herukakalpo, v nhng tantra Vajraheruka khc (Shrheruka hay Yang Dag) ca Pht b Bt ng c o s Hmkara nhn lnh. Tantra c hnh, Vajrmrita ca Pht b Bo Sanh, c Vimalamitra nhn lnh. Tantra hnh ng, Vajrakla ca Pht b Bt Khng Thnh Tu c o s Prabhhasti nhn lnh. Guru Rinpoche nhn tt c cc tantra t cc o s 33 v t c nhng thnh tu, c bit l Vajraheruka v Vajrakla, v a cc gio l v Ty Tng.

Terma, cc Sdhana ca Nhng Kho tng n du

Phm tr terma (gTer Ma) ca nhm sdhana thuc cc tantra Mahyoga c

khi u nh sau:34

NI CHN: Trong ci tnh v song. O S: c Samatabhadra (Ph Hin) hin l trong thn tng an bnh l Vajrasattva v trong thn tng phn n l Mahottaraheruka. CC T: S t-tnh gic ca ngi xut hin nh hi chng cc t. THI GIAN: Trng thi bnh ng v thy hoc v chung. GIO L: Cc tantra ni chung ca Kim Cng tha c ging dy bi m thanh-kim cng t nhin ca Php tnh.

Guhyapati Vajradharma bin son nm tantra tng qut, mi tantra c

bit, v nhiu tantra nhnh v sp xp chng trong hnh thc nhng vn bn.35 Ngi ph chc cc gio l ny cho dkin Mahkarmendrni (Las Kyi dBang Mo Che). B t chng trong nhng chic hp v ct du ti chaitya (in th, bo thp) Shankarakta (bDe Byed brTsegs Pa) trong m a Shtavana.

V sau nh nng lc thu th, tm o s v i ca n bit r v vic ct du, v cc ngi t hi ti m a Shtavana. Dkin Mahkarmendrn xut hin v trao cho tm o s tm ci hp ng tm tantra c bit. Hp ng tantra Yamntaka c ph chc cho Manjushrmitra; hp ng tantra Hayagrva c

28

ph chc cho Ngrjuna; Shrheruk (Yang Dag) cho Hmkara; Mahottara (Che mChog) cho Vimalamitra; Vajrakla cho Prabhhasti, Mtarah (Ma Mo) cho Dhanasamskrita, Lokastotrapja (Jigs rTen mChod bsTod) cho Rambuguhya, v Vajramantrabhru (Drag sNgags) cho Shntigarbha. Mi o s thc hnh tantra c ch nh ca mnh v nh t c thnh tu. Chic hp ng Deshek Dpa c ph chc cho Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche cng nhn tt c cc tantra, sdhana, v gio hun t mi o s v t c nhng thnh tu ca tt c cc gio l . V sau, ngi trao truyn cc gio l ny cho chn t chnh yu ca ngi v hai mi lm t chnh Ty Tng.

Di y l dng ca cc gio l kama v terma chnh yu ca Mahyoga t c Pht Nguyn thy xung ti Thy ti:36

1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Cc B Tt thuc ba b, Ha thn. 4. Licchavi Vimalakrti cng vi bn bc li lc khc. 5. Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra (hay Indrabhti Gia). 6. Kikkurja, cng vi hi chng mt trm ngn t. 7. Shakraputra, Indrabhti tr vi hi chng mi ngn t. 8. Simharja vi hi chng mt ngn t. 9. Uparja vi mt hi chng nm trm t. 10. Cng cha Gomadev vi hi chng mt trm t. 11. Kikkurja. 12. Llvajra, Vetlasukhasiddhi, Rishi Bhshita, v Ngrjuna. 13. Llvajra trao truyn gio l cho Buddhaguhya; Sukhasiddhi truyn cho

Vajrahsya v Hmkara. 14. Llvajra v Buddhguhya truyn cho Vimalamitra, v Buddhaguhya cng

truyn cho Guru Rinpoche. Rishi Bhshita v Vajrahsya truyn cho Prabhhasti. Vajrahsya cng truyn cho Shrsimha, v Prabhhasti truyn cho Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche cng nhn gio l Mahyoga t chnh Vua Ja.

Ty Tng:

15. Ma Rinchen Chok v Nyak Jnnakumra nhn s trao truyn t

Vimalamitra. Nyak cng nhn s trao truyn t Guru Rinpoche. 16. Ma truyn cho Tsuk-ru Rinchen Zhnu v Kyere Chokyong. Nyak truyn

cho Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe; Ma v Nyak truyn cho Khu Changchup . 17. Khu, Tsuk-ru, v Kyere trao truyn cho Zhang Gyalwe Ynten. 18. Sokpo v Zhang trao truyn cho Nupchen Sangye Yeshe. Nupchen tr

thnh v h tr ca tt c nhng dng truyn tha chnh ca gio l Mahyoga.

19. Nupchen truyn cho Nup Ynten Gyatso v So Yeshe Wangchuk. 20. C hai v trn truyn cho Nyang Sherap Chok. 21. Nyang Sherap Jungne v Yeshe Jungne. 22. Yeshe truyn cho Zurpoche Shkya Jungne v i. 23. Zurchung Sherap Trakpa (1014-1074). 24. Bn v Thukse Kawa (bn t chnh ca Zurchung). 25. Zur Shkya Senge (cn c gi l Dro-phukpa Chenpo, 1074-?).

29

26. Tsaktsa Shakdor. 27. Tsak Shkya Jungne. 28. Lantn Dorje . 29. Lan Snam Gyaltsen. 30. Palden Chkyi Senge. 31. Lan Sangye Pal. 32. Lan Snam Gnpo. 33. Drlchen Samdrup Dorje (1295-1376). 34. Zur Gendn Bum. 35. Zur Shkya She-nyen. 36. Trao Chbum. 37. Knchok Zangpo. 38. Lama Dorje Zangpo. 39. Trlzhik Dorje Namgyal. 40. Chatang Matishr. 41. Karmaguru. 42. Knzang Paljor. 43. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662). 44. Lochen Chgyal Tendzin. 45. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 46. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 47. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha. 48. Knkhyen Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798). 49. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 50. Dola Jigme Kalzang (hay Chkyi Lodr). 51. Dzogchen Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?). 52. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Vajra (cn c gi l Damcho zer). 53. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892).

Hoc sau Minling Terchen:

46. Minling Lochen Dharmashr. 47. Minling Jetsn Mingyur Paldrn. 48. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 49. Minling Pema Tendzin. 50. Minling Thrinle Namgyal. 51. Minling Jetsn Thrinle Chdrn. 52. Minling Trichen Sangye Knga. 53. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.

Dng kama sau Khyentse Wangpo:

54. Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925). 55. Jamyang Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959). 56. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

Dng terma sau Khyentse Wangpo:

54. Zhechen Gyaltsap Gyurme Pema Namgyal Tam (1871-1926). 55. Zhechen Kongtrl Pema Tri-me Lodr (1901-1960?).

30

56. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

Hoc:

54. Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899) ca Tu vin Palpung. 55. Dzogchen Rinpoche Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935). 56. Gyarong Namtrl Drodl Karkyi Dorje. 57. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

ANUYOGA

Trong Anuyoga,37 ton th th gii c nhn nh Pht trong chn tnh

ca n, Php gii ti thng, nhng khng ch trng nhiu ti giai on pht trin. Anuyoga tp trung vo nhng giai on ton thin trong vic pht trin tr tu i lc, s quang minh, v thot khi nhng nim nh tu tp cc kinh mch, nng lc (kh), v tinh ty ca thn kim cng ca ta. Sau khi chun b thn th ta nh mt phng tin thin xo, i lc ca bn nim vui (dGa Ba bZhi) cng c pht trin vi s h tr ca mn la ca mudr (th n). Kt qu l hnh gi s t c gic ng.38

Trong thc t Vua Ja nghin cu ngha ca ton b tantra t Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th). Nhng t Licchavi Vimalakrti ngi th nhn nhng tantra ca Anu, l nhng gio l c Vajrapni tit l cho nm bc li lc v sau ny c Rkshasa Matyaupyika ghi li.

DNG TRUYN THA ANUYOGA TANTRA39

1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Nm b Pht, Bo thn. 3. Ba b B Tt, Ha thn. 4. Licchavi Vimalakrti, o s u tin trong loi ngi. 5. Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra (cn c gi l Indrabhti Gia). 6. Uparja v ba nam t ca Vua Ja l Shakraputra, Ngaputra, v

Guhyaputra. Shakraputra cng c gi l Indrabhti Tr v Kambalapda (Lva Ba Pa, Ngi o Rch).

7. Kukkurja sau ny nhn cc gio l ny t Indrabhti tr. 8. Vetlasukha, Zombie (Xc cht sng li) i lc. 9. Vajrahsya. 10. Prabhhasti (cn c gi l Shkyaprabha). 11. Shkya Senge. 12. Dhanarakshita. 13. o s Hmkara. 14. Sukhoddyotaka (bDe Ba gSal Byed). 15. Dharmabodhi Magadha, Dharmarjapla Tu vin Nland, Vua

Vasudhara x Nepal, v Tusklak Palge. 16. Chetsen Kye ca x Trusha (Bru Sha, Gilgit?) nhn cc tantra v gio l

t bn v Thy trc. 17. Nupchen Sangye Yeshe x Ty Tng nhn gio l t Dharmabodhi v

Vasudhara, v c bit t Chetsen Kye.

31

S trao truyn trc h cc tantra ca Anuyoga, sau Nupchen Sangye Yeshe, th hu nh ging ht trao truyn trc h ca Mahyoga.

ATIYOGA (Dzopa Chenpo)

Atiyoga40 nhn mnh s chng ng v vin mn tr tu nguyn s trong tro

hin din t nhin, bn tnh ti thng ca tm ta v ca th gii, khng b tri buc bi bt k nim, thin kin, chiu kch, v nhng phn loi l a hay th. Kt qu l khng ch c tm ca hnh gi hp nht vi Pht qu, bn tnh ti thng, m ngay c thn ca hnh gi cng tan bin thnh thn nh sng tr tu.

Gio l Dzopa Chenpo trong 6.400.000 cu k, tt nh ca cc tha, c c Vajrasattva tit l cho Prahevajra, o s Dzopa Chenpo u tin trong loi ngi. Prahevajra bin son nhng cu k ny thnh vn bn v ph bin chng.

DNG TRUYN THA ATI YOGA

1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn, o s u tin

trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. Ngi phn chia 6.400.000 cu k ca Dzopa Chenpo

thnh ba phm tr: Semde, Longde, v Me-ngagde. Ngi chia Me-ngagde thnh nhng tantra khu truyn (sNan rGyud) v nhng tantra c tnh cch gii thch (bShad rGyud).

5. Shrsimha. Ngi chia Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha: gio kha ni, ngoi, b mt v b mt thm su.

6. Jnnastra v Guru Rinpoche. Vairochana nhn gio l Semde v Longde ca Dzogpa Chenpo t Shrsimha.

7. Jnnastra truyn cho Vimalamitra. Vimalamitra cng trc tip nhn s trao truyn t Shrsimha v t Garab Dorje trong linh kin thanh tnh.

Semde v Longde ch yu c a vo Ty Tng nh Vairochana v

Vimalamitra, v Me-ngagde c a vo Ty Tng ch yu l nh Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche.

SEMDE

Semde, gio kha v tm,41 ging dy rng mi s xut hin l tm, tm l tnh

Khng, tnh Khng l gic tnh ni ti, tnh Khng v gic tnh ni ti th hp nht. ging dy rng nhng s xut hin l tm, Semde phn loi nhng s

xut hin (cc hnh tng) nh ba c tnh ca tm: nng lc (rTsal), s ph din (Rol Ba), v cc thuc tnh (rGyan). Nng lc ca tm l phng din ca s n thun nhn thy hay tnh gic v cc s vic, l iu m i vi nhng ngi bnh thng tr thnh nn tng m lm thnh ra samsra (lun hi sinh t). S ph din ca tm l s xut hin ca thc-tm-b- nhim v nhng tm thc khc. Cc thuc tnh l s ph din ca nhng s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng,

32

ni non, nh ca, thn th, v v.v.. S ph din v nhng thuc tnh u xut hin t hoc bi nng lc ca tm.

Khi nhn ra rng cc hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ch n thun l s ph din ca tm ta, cc thin gi Semde ti c ch khng cn vng kt vo nhng g h phi thot khi, nhng h vn cha thot khi vic bm chp vo phng tin ca s t do , l s tnh gic v quang minh ca tm.

S tnh gic c trnh by trong Semde l mt phng din ca s quang minh v tnh gic ca tm, nhng n khng phi l gic tnh ni ti su xa v vin mn mt cch t nhin ca Me-ngagde.42

LONGDE

Longde, gio kha v Php gii ti thng,43 dy rng phng din tnh gic v

quang minh ca tm l tnh Khng. Cc thin gi Longde vn cn gi cht t bm chp vo tnh Khng. V th h khng b tri buc trong nhng iu m h thot khi ln nhng phng tin nh h t c s t do, nhng vn khng vt ln vic m gi tnh Khng; v th Longde khng dn ta ti tr tu nguyn s trn tri, l ci siu vit tm thc.44

S TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA SEMDE V LONGDE

1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn. 4. Manjushrmitra. 5. Shrsimha. 6. Vairochana. 7. Nyak Jnnakumra, Pang-gen Mipham Gnpo, Yudra Nyingpo, Sangtn

Yeshe Lama, v Liza Sherap Drnma. 8. Pang-gen trao truyn cho Ngenlam Changchup Gyaltsen. Nyak trao truyn

cho Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe. 9. Ngenlam trao truyn cho Zatam Rinchen Yik v Sokpo truyn cho Nupchen

Sangye Yeshe. 10. Zatam truyn cho Khugyur Salwe Chok. 11. Nyang Changchup Trak. 12. Nyang Sherap Jungne. 13. Ylmowa Bagom Yeshe Changchup. 14. Dzeng Dharmabodhi. 15. Dzengkar Chose v Kyetse Yeshe Wangchuk. 16. Kyetse truyn cho Zik Yeshe Wangpo. 17. Khenchen Ngurpa. 18. Tutn Vajreshvara. 19. Snam Gyaltsen. 20. Sherap Gyaltsen. 21. Zhnu Sherap. 22. Zhnu Trakpa. 23. Sangye Zangpo. 24. Tsndr Wangchuk. 25. Thazhi Trakpa Rinchen.

33

26. Shkya Gyalpo. 27. Glo Zhnu Pal (1392-1481). 28. Chen-ngawa Chkyi Trakpa (1453-1525). 29. Sheltrakpa Chkyi Lodr. 30. Khyungtsangpa Lodr Palden. 31. Pangtn, Karmaguru. 32. Pangtn Chwang Lhndrup. 33. Chwang Knzang. 34. Pangtn, Knzang Chgyal. 35. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 36. Minling Lochen Dharmashr (1654-1717). 37. Minling Jetsn Mingyur Paldrn. 38. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 39. Minling Pema Tendzin. 40. Minling Thrinle Namgyal. 41. Minling Jetsn Thrinle Chdrn. 42. Minling Trichen Sangye Knga. 43. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 44. Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925). 45. Dzongsar Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959). 46. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).

ME-NGAGDE

Me-ngagde, gio kha v nhng gio hun ti thng,45 ging dy s chng

ng chn tnh, nh n l, m khng ri vo nhng cc oan hay to tc iu g mi. Chn tnh l s hp nht ca ba nguyn l; tinh ty ca tnh Khng (s m trng), tnh cht quang minh, v lng bi (nng lc) ca mi hin din trm khp.

Me-ngagde c bn gio kha gio l v tu tp: Ngoi, Ni, B mt, v B mt Thm su. Tt c nhng gio kha ny ging nhau im l nhng gio l v bn tnh thun tnh nguyn s (Ka Dag), l gio l c gi l ct t (Khregs Chod) mi s bm chp. Tuy nhin, gio kha B mt Thm su tp trung vo nhng tu tp vin mn t nhin ca cc s xut hin (Lhun Grub), l gio l c gi l tip cn trc tip (Thod rGal).

Gio kha Ngoi ging dy tng tn bn tnh ca nn tng nguyn s. Gio kha Ni ging dy nhng cch gii thiu bn tnh vi nhng biu tng, ngha, v tm quan trng. Gio kha B mt ging dy bn phng php thin nh t nhin (Chog bZhag). Gio kha B mt Thm su ging dy tt c nhng ch sau: bn tnh nguyn s, s gii thch nhng biu tng, ngha, v tm quan trng i vi vic gii thiu chn tnh, s xut hin ca bn th kin v cc nh sng (sNang Ba bZhi) trong con ng, nhng s xut hin ca nh sng trong trng thi trung m, v s thnh tu gii thot trong php gii ti thng ca s vin mn t nhin.

Trong khi c nhiu tantra v nhng bn vn hng dn ca Me-ngagde, mi chn gio l trong s ny to thnh nhng bn vn gc ca B mt Thm su ca Me-Ngagde.46

C nhiu gio l Nhnh hay Hng dn (Man Ngag). Cc gio l hng dn c ging r v c ng trong hai truyn thng Nyingthig chnh yu. Truyn thng

34

th nht l nhng gio l chi tit dnh cho/ca cc hc gi (rGya Che Ba Pandita), c Vimalamitra mang v Ty Tng v c gi l Vima Nyingthig. N ch yu c da trn Mi by tantra v tantra Troma. Truyn thng th hai l nhng gio l su xa dnh cho/ca cc hnh kht (Zab Pa Ku Sa La), do Guru Padmasambhava mang sang Ty Tng v c gi l Khandro Nyingthig. N ch yu c da trn tantra Longsal Barma.

Ngoi cc tantra nguyn thy ca Nyingthig, cc gio l B mt Thm su ca Me-ngagde c dch sang ting Ty Tng, nhiu gio l Nyingthig khc c mang v Ty Tng ch yu l nh Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche (v c Vairochana). Mt s gio l c trao truyn trong nhng linh kin thanh tnh cho nhng o s thnh tu v i bi nhng thnh tu gi sng trc nhiu th k. Mt s do cc o s khm ph trong trng thi chng ng tr tu nguyn s ca cc ngi. Mt s c cc o s khm ph nh cc terma,47 l nhng gio l m cc ngi c cc o s gic ng trao truyn trong nhng i trc v c nh thc trong i ny nhng ngi khc pht l. Cc gio l gm c Vima Nyingthig, Khandro Nyingthig, Chetsn Nyingthig, Gongpa Zangthal, Katak Rangjung Rangshar, Gongpa Yongd, Yangti Nakpo, Ati Zaptn Nyingpo, Karma Nyingthig, Longchen Nyingthig, sal Nyingthig, Dorsem Nyingthig, v Tsogyal Nyingthig.

Trong tt c cc gio l c bn gio l tri vt i vi vic nghin cu v thc hnh Nyingthig. Cc gio l ny c gi l hai gio l m v hai gio l con. Hai gio l Nyingthig m l gio l c gi l Vima Nyingthig do Vimalamitra mang v Ty Tng v gio l Khandro Nyingthig do Guru Rinpoche mang v. Hai gio l con l nhng pht hin ca Longchen Rabjam lin quan ti hai gio l m. l Lama Yangtig v Vima Nyingthig, v Khandro Yangtig v Khandro Nyingthig, cng nh Zabmo Yangtig v c hai gio l Nyingthig m.

Tuy nhin, trong hn hai th k qua, Longchen Nyingthig, l gio l bao gm tinh ty ca tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig lc ban u, tr thnh nhng gio l ph thng v mnh m nht v Nyingthig nghin cu v thc hnh Ty Tng.

V th, trong quyn sch ny, nh chnh yu ca ti l trnh by mt tp hp ngn gn nhng hm xc v tiu s ca nhng o s dng Longchen Nyingthig. Nhng trc l danh tnh ca cc o s dng truyn tha Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig. Dng cc o s ca nhng trao truyn ny c ngun gc t c Pht nguyn thy xung ti vng min cao qu ca ti, Dodrupchen Rinpoche hin ti.

TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA Vima Nyingthig48

1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn, o s Dzopa Chenpo

u tin trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. 5. Shrsimha Trung quc. 6. Jnnastra. 7. Vimalamitra, ngi a dng truyn tha t n sang Ty Tng. Ngi

trao truyn ba gio kha u tin ca gio l Me-ngagde vi nhng bn vn

35

cho Nyang v bn ngi khc Ty Tng. Ngi trao truyn gio kha B mt Thm su cho nh Vua, Thi t Mu-ne Tsepo, Kawa Paltsek, Chok-ro Li Gyaltsen, v Nyang, nhng ct du cc bn vn Kekung ti Samye Chimphu.

8. Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo (th k th 9), ngi ct du cha Zhai trong Thung lng Drikung nhng bn vn ca ngi thuc ba gio kha u tin v s khu truyn. Ngi trao truyn nhng gio l khu truyn cho Dro Rinchen Bar.

9. Dro Rinchen Bar. 10. Be Lodr Wangchuk. 11. Neten Dangma Lhngyal (th k 11) khm ph cc bn vn do Nyang ct

du ti cha Zhai. 12. Chetsn Senge Wangchuk (th k 11-12), khm ph cc bn vn do

Vimalamitra ct du ti Kekung Samye Chimphu. 13. Zhangtn Tashi Dorje (1097-1167). 14. Se Nyima Bum (1158-1213). 15. Guru Chober (1196-1255). 16. Trlzhik Senge Gyapa (th k 13). 17. Drupchen Melong Dorje (1243-1303). 18. Rigdzin Kumrdza (1266-1343). 19. Knkhyen Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). Ngi tr thnh o s quan trng

nht ca truyn thng Nyingma. S trao truyn ca Khandro v Vima Nyingthig vo ngi, v sau ngi ph bin c hai truyn thng bng cch khm ph Lama Yangthig v Vima Nyingthig ca ngi, Khandro Yangtig v Khandro Nyingthig, v Zabmo Yangtig v c hai Nyinghthig, v bng cch kt hp chng li vi nhau thnh Nyingthig Yabzhi, bn quyn sch v Nyingthig.

20. Khedrup Khyapdal Lhndrup (th k 14). 21. Tlku Trakpa zer. 22. Trlzhik Senge npo (th k 14). 23. Gyalse Dawa Trakpa. 24. Drupchen Knzang Dorje. 25. Knga Gyaltsen Palzang (1497- 1568). 26. Tlku Natsok Rangtrl (1494-1560). 27. Sungtrl Tendzin Trakpa (1536-1597). 28. Tlku Do-ngak Tendzin (1576-1628). 29. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662). 30. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 31. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 32. Minling Khenchen Ogyen Tendzin Dorje. 33. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?). 34. Gyarong Namtrl Knzang Thekchok Dorje. 35. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 36. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden. 37. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh 1927).

Hoc:

32. U Chrap? 33. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha 34. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798).

36

35. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 36. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T v Dola Jigme Kalzang. 37. T c hai Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800?). 38. Khenchen Pema Dorje ca Tu vin Dzogchen. 39. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 40. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 41. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943). 42. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh 1927).

S TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA Khandro Nyingthig49

1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn. 4. Shrsimha. 5. Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava, Lin Hoa Sanh), ngi mang gio l ti

Ty Tng. 6a. Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, Chgyal Trisong Detsen, v Lhacham Pemasal.

Yeshe Tsogyal gip Guru Rinpoche ct du gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh mt terma.

6b. Pema Ledreltsal (1291-1319?). ti sinh ca Lhacham Pemasal v l ngi khm ph gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh mt terma.

7. Gyalse Lekpa (1290-1366/7). 8. Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). 9. Yeshe Rabjam. 10. Khedrup Samten. 11. Jinpa Zangpo. 12. Snam Rinchen. 13. Ngawang Pema. 14. Snam Wangpo. 15. Rigdzin Chkyi Gyatso. 16. Dzogchen Rinpoche Pema Rigdzin Nht (1625-1697). 17. Namkha sal. 18. Dzogchen Gyurme Thekchok Tendzin Nh (1699-?). 19. Nyila Pema Tendzin. 20. Tendzin Dargye. 21. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) 22. Dzogchen Gyarong Namtrl Knzang Thekchok Dorje Nh. 23. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 24. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden. 25. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzang T (sinh 1927).

Hoc:

13. Zablung Tlku. 14. Snam Rinchen. 15. Karmaguru. 16. Knzang Paljor. 17. Tlku Do-ngak Tendzin (1576-1628). 18. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662).

37

19. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 20. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 21. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha. 22. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798). 23. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 24. Dola Jigme Kalzang. 25. Dzogchen Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800?). 26. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Dorje. 27. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 28. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 29. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943). 30. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzang T (sinh 1927).

38

Quyn Hai

Dng Truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig

Longchen Nyingthig l mt tuyn tp cc tantra v sdhana c Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph nh gio l terma tm.

Gio kha ny c gi l Longchen Nyingthig do bi ba l do chnh. Trc tin, l Nyingthig, nhng gio l ct ty thm su Me-ngagde, v c Jigme Lingpa khm ph nh nhng gia h ngi nhn c trong mt lot linh kin thun tnh v Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). K l nhng gio l c ng mi gio l Nyingthig n qua Longchen Rabjam. Th ba, l nhng gio l v ch ca Longchen, s bao la v i hay phm vi su xa nht, v l Nyingthig, tm yu (hay ct ty thm su) ca tt c cc gio l. Jigme Lingpa vit: N l phm vi bao la v i v n l tm yu.50

Longchen Nyingthig ch yu tp trung vo Nyingthig, gio kha tinh ty thm su Me-ngagde. V d nh, giai on pht trin ca sdhana Rigdzin Dpa xut hin nh nng lc hin l (rTsal) ca gic tnh ni ti (Rig Pa), v n cng ha vo Php gii ti hu, s thun tnh nguyn s trong giai on ha tan (vin mn). Kyala Khenpo vit trong lun ging v Rigdzin Dpa ca ngi:

Trong nhng truyn thng Anuttaratantra khc, trc tin hnh gi lm thun thc tm mnh bng cch tu tp v giai on pht trin v sau i vo giai on ton thin. Nhng trong cc thin nh Mahyoga ca Longchen Nyingthig, sau khi c gii thiu gic tnh ni ti chi ngi (chn tnh ca tm ta) v nhn ra tnh bt kh phn ca gic tnh ni ti ca ta v tm gic ng ca Lt ma, thin gi thin nh trng thi chng ng v tu tp v nhng s xut hin [ca cc hnh tng] nh mn la ca cc Bn Tn [nng lc ca gic tnh ni ti, Rig Pa]. V th phng php c nht v nh ca Longchen Nyingthig l tu tp v giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin trong s hp nht. Bng cch s dng s hp nht tm ca ta v tm gic ng ca Lt ma, s chng ng tr tu c nh thc mt cch mnh m.51

Gio l Longchen Nyingthig

Longchen Nyingthig bao gm mt t tantra v nhiu sdhana km theo nhng gio hun, lun ging, v nhng bn vn b sung, trong hai (hay ba) quyn sch gc (rTsa Pod). Cc gio l ny c Jigma Lingpa khm ph nh mt terma tm. Ngoi hai quyn sch gc, gio kha bao gm Phurpa Gyluk v Vajrakla trong mt quyn sch, n c xc nhn l mt khm ph terma tm v l mt su tp cc tantra. Cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig chnh yu c phn loi thnh hai phm tr. Chng l cc tantra nguyn thy ca Nyingthig v cc sdhana v gio l Mt tha.

Cc tantra Nyingthig nguyn thy l s tng tc ca bn tnh tuyt i (Php thn) xut hin nh cc gio l i vi bn thn Jigme Lingpa hay i vi nhng ha thn trc ca ngi v ngi nh thc cc gio l . Trong khi thc hnh n c trong ba nm ti Samye Chimphu, Jigme Lingpa nghin cu nhng

39

tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam v cu nguyn ht sc sng m, nhn thy ngi nh mt v Pht. Jigme Lingpa c ba linh kin thanh tnh v Longchen Rabjam v nhn nhng gia h ca thn, ng v tm ca ngi. Trong linh kin th ba, Longchen Rabjam ni ba ln: Cu mong nhng chng ng ngha c trao truyn cho con, v cu mong s trao truyn nhng ngn t c hon ton thnh tu. Ngay sau , Jigme Lingpa chng ng bn tnh ca i Vin mn thot khi s phn tch trong tm v nhn s trao truyn tuyt i (Don brGyud), v nhng tantra nguyn thy linh thing ca Nyingthig xut hin trong ngi. Nhng tantra nguyn thy ny xut hin trong ngi nh ct ty c hp nht ca c ba cch th trao truyn tc l s trao truyn tm, trao truyn bng s biu th, v khu truyn ca ba thn Pht v nhng o s ca tt c dng truyn tha Dzopa Chenpo, k c Guru Rinpoche, Vimalamitra, v Longchen Rabjam.52

Cc sdhana v gio l Mt tha Longchen Nyingthig l nhng gio l n t Jigme Lingpa qua Guru Rinpoche nh mt terma.53

Trong khi Guru Rinpoche ang ving thm Ty Tng, trn tng hai ngi cha chnh ca Tu vin Samye, ngi ban gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho Vua Trisong Detsen, Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, v Vairochana. Sau ngi giao ph nhng gio l cho cc v ny bng phng tin ca dkin xut hin t nhin, tr tu, nguyn l n ca ba thn Pht. Ngi ban nhng qun nh tin tri bng cch ni rng nhng gio l ny s c Jigme Lingpa, mt ha thn (tlku) ca Vua Trisong Detsen, khm ph. Yeshe Tsogyal sp xp cc gio l thnh nhng ch biu tng ca k c khng b lng qun trn nhng cun giy vng c nm mu xut hin t nhin. Vi nhng qun nh c nguyn, cc ngi ct du nhng gio l trong chic hp kho tng tm yu chi li (hay kho tng tm) ca cc t. Cc ngi ph chc nhng gio l chn du cho cc dkin, cc tr tu Php gii ti thng (Php gii th tnh tr), gi gn cho ti ng lc nh thc cc gio l t trng thi ni ti chi li trong tm cc v khm ph terma.

V th, nhiu th k sau , khi nhng qun nh tin tri ca Guru Rinpoche thun thc v nhng thun cnh bt u c kt qu, cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig c ct du c nh thc mt cch ph hp trong tm gic ng ca Jigme Lingpa nh mt terma tm.

Jigme Lingpa l mt ha thn ca chnh Vimalamitra v Vua Trisong Detsen,54 l nhng v nhn lnh gio l Longchen Nyingthig t Guru Rinpoche v Vimalamitra. V th nhng gio l Nyingthig ca hai dng chnh cng chy trong Jigme Lingpa. Longchen Nyingthig l ct ty hay hin thn ca hai truyn thng Nyingthig, Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig.55 Phm vi, ngn ng, ngha, s r rng, v nng lc ca Longchen Nyingthig lm cho hnh gi d lnh hi gio l v vic thc hnh c mnh m, khin cho trong nhng th k va qua vic nghin cu v thc hnh Longchen Nyingthig tr nn ph thng trong mt s ng o cc Nyingmapa (cc hnh gi phi Nyingma) Ty Tng.

Nhng bn vn chnh ca Longchen Nyingthig l:56

CC TANTRA GC (RGYUD) CA Longchen Nyingthig57 1. Tantra gc (rTsa rGyud): Kntu Zangpo Yeshe Longki Gy (Kun Tu

bZang Po Ye Shes Klong Gi rGyud) 2. Tantra n sau: Gy Chima (rGyud Phyi Ma)

40

3. Cc gio l (Lung): Kntu Zangpo Gong-nyam (Kun Tu bZang Poi dGongs Nyams)

4. Cc gio hun (Me-ngag) a. Cc gio hun: Nesum Shenje v Neluk Dorje Tsigang (gNad

gSum Shan Byed v gNas Lug rDo rJei Tshigs rKang) b. Cc lun ging ca chng: Yeshe Lama (Ye Shes Bla Ma) vi

cc bn vn h tr ca n (rGyab Chos)

CC SDHANA V GIO L MT THA CA Longchen Nyingthig58 1. Nhng v Tr minh vng nam

a. Ha bnh: ngoi: La-me Naljor (Bla Mai rNal Byor) trong: Rigdzin Dpa (Rig Dzin Dus Pa) b mt: Dug-ngal Rangtrl (sDug bsNgal Rang Grol) b mt ti thng: Ladrup Thigle Gyachen (Bla sGrub

Thig Lei rGya Chan) b. Phn n: xanh dng: Palchen Dpa (dPal Chen Dus Pa)

: Takhyung Barwa (rTa Khyung Bar Ba) 2. N Tr minh vng

a. Ha bnh: sdhana gc: Yumka Dechen Gyalmo (Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal Mo)

b. Phn n: sdhana b mt: Senge Dongchen (Seng Gei gDong Chan)

Dng truyn tha Cc o s ca

Longchen Nyingthig

Dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig bt u vi c Pht nguyn thy, hay tinh ty Pht ti thng, v truyn xung ti cc o s ng thi nh mt dng trao truyn khng t on.

Dng truyn tha ny bt u t ba thn Pht, Dharmakya (Php thn), Sambhogakya (Bo thn), v Nirmnakya (Ha thn), nguyn l ca Pht qu. Dharmakya l bn tnh ti thng khng hnh tng. Sambhogakya v Nirmnakya l nhng sc thn hin l ca c Pht. Ba thn Pht l sui ngun ti thng ca tt c cc gio l tuyt i, chng hn nh Longchen Nyingthig. T ba thn Pht, cc o s trong loi ngi nhn lnh cc gio l, nh trong trng hp ca i Vin mn th Prahevajra nhn lnh gio l ny.

Prahevajra, o s u tin trong loi ngi, trao truyn cc gio l cho Manjushrmitra, v ny truyn cho Shrsimha. Ti lt Shrsimha truyn cho Jnnastra, Vimalamitra, Guru Rinpoche, v Vairochana. Vimalamitra cng nhn cc gio l ny t Jnnastra.

Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche truyn cc gio l cho Vua Trisong Detsen v mt t ngi khc Ty Tng. Guru Rinpoche chn du nhiu gio l nh

41

terma. Ngi cng truyn Khandro Nyingthig cho Lhacham Pemasal, ha thn i trc ca Longchen Rabjam.

Hu nh tm th k sau khi Guru Rinpoche chn du Longchen Nyingthig, tinh ty ca cc gio l Nyingthig, nh mt terma, Jigme Lingpa khm ph nhng gio l ny nh mt terma tm. Jigme Lingpa c th khm ph cc gio l bi ngi c nhng trao truyn v ph chc trong i trc v nhn nhng gia h ca Longchen Rabjam trong ba linh kin thanh tnh trong i hin ti ca ngi.

Trong bi cu nguyn dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig, Jigme Lingpa cp ti dng truyn tha ca nhng o s sau y, qua Longchen Nyingthig c trao truyn v khm ph:59

T x s khng b vng bn bi kch thc v thin kin, Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), c Pht nguyn thy Php thn, Vajrasattva, nng lc hin l ca Bo thn, [xut hin] nh mt phn chiu

trong nc, V Prahevajra trong nhng thuc tnh hon ton vin mn ca Ha thn, Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin ban [cho chng con] nhng qun nh gia h. Shrsimha,60 kho tng ca Php ti thng, Manjushrmitra, o s ca c xe chn tha, Jnnastra, v Vimalamitra, Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin ch cho con con ng dn ti gii thot. Padmasambhava, Php bo duy nht ca ci Dim ph , Cng vi c Vua, cc Thn dn, v ngi H tr,61 nhng con ci-tm yu

siu vit ca cc ngi, Longchen [Rabjam], bc gii m i dng cc kho tng tm, Jigme Lingpa, bc c ph chc kho tng ti thng ca cc Dkin. Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin cho con t c kt qu v thnh tu gii thot.

42

1

PHP THN

Dharmakya (Php thn), thn ti thng, to thnh nn tng ca mi phm hnh ca v Pht, v nn tng nng lc ca cc ngi hot ng. Bn tnh ca Php thn th thanh tnh t trng thi nguyn thy ca n v thun tnh khng b mi nhim ngu nhin. Siu vt t tng v s biu l bng ngn t, Php thn an tr khng b tri buc trong nhng tnh cht, ging nh khng gian. Khng di i khi trng thi Php thn, n p ng nhng nhu cu ca mi sinh loi nh s hin din t nhin ca hai sc thn.

Trong nhng hnh tng ca phi Nyingma, Php thn c tng trng bng mt v Pht nam v n trn tri trong s hp nht, c mu thanh thin (xanh dng nht), c gi l Samantabhadra (Ph Hin).

Samantabhadra biu th phng din chng ng Php thn, bn tnh ti thng ca mi phm tnh tt lnh v xu xa ca sinh t v nit bn. T nguyn thy, ngi chng ng tr tu nguyn s ca Php gii ti thng, thot khi s nim ha. Nh s chng ng ny ngi khng an tr trong nhng cc oan ca sinh t m cng khng an tr trong s an bnh ca nit bn. Ngi c gia lc bng s thu sut chn l ti thng, v s thu sut ny l tr tu nguyn s hon ton bnh ng (bnh ng tnh tr). N khng l s trng khng n thun do s tch dit to nn. Thay vo , i tng ca tr tu nguyn s phn bit (diu quan st tr) ca tt c ch Pht, l tinh ty ca tr tu nguyn s vi t, an tr nh ci tnh ca s quang minh ni ti, thn tr trung trong mt tnh bnh. S quang minh ni ti ca mi lin h gia tr tu nguyn s v i tng ca n c th c v nh cch mt ming pha l phng chiu mt quang ph nh sng, nhng trn thc t nhng tia sng th c hu trong ming pha l. Do bi nng lc thing ling ny, s quang minh ni ti, nm v Thy ca nm loi mn la Bo thn an tr, nh s c hu hin l, trong s ph din v i ca nhng hnh tng v tr tu bt kh phn.

Php thn an tr khng c s bin i, phn bit, khc bit, trong nm cch th:

43

NI CHN: php gii ti thng, ci tnh ca thn tr trung trong mt tnh bnh O S: Ph Hin, s t-tnh gic v i, tr tu nguyn s ca nht th-nh th CC T: Hi chng nh i dng cc tr tu nguyn s. THI GIAN: Thi gian bt bin, s nh th GIO L: Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) ti thng, gio l ca thn, ng, v tm khng b to tc.

Php thn, thanh tnh t nguyn thy, nht v, ging nh khng gian. N an tr vi ba loi tr tu nguyn s, siu vt s khi nim ha ca cc cc oan, thuyt thc th (vnh cu) v thuyt h v. Ba tr tu nguyn s l:

1. Tr tu nguyn s ca tinh ty ni ti, thun tnh t nguyn

thy, siu vt nhng cc oan ca s khi nim ha v s biu l bng ngn t, ging nh pha l trong sut.

2. Tr tu nguyn s ca bn tnh thnh tu t nhin; n l s quang minh vi t, su xa, lm nn tng cho s xut hin ca nhng thuc tnh ca phng din biu l, v n khng hin hu nh mt cch th c th c tnh cht hin tng.

3. Tr tu nguyn s ca lng bi mn trm khp (nng lc); n an tr ging nh mt t khng gy chng ngi s sinh khi xy ra nh nng lc hin l ca tinh ty ni ti; nhng s tnh gic ny khng phn tch i tng ca n.

Nu c bt k s th lu no th Php thn s thuc v hin tng v n s c

nhng tnh cht, trong trng hp n s khng iu kin nh ci g c s an bnh v thot khi s khi nim ha nh ngha rt ro ca n. Nu khng c phng din vi t ca s quang minh su xa nh nn tng ca s xut hin th Php thn s ch n thun l mt s vng mt, ging nh mt khong trng. V th n l mt tr tu nguyn s ca s quang minh vi t, m trng, an tr nh nn tng ca s xut hin, siu vt hai cc oan ca thuyt thc th (vnh cu) v h v.

Php thn s hu ba phm tnh v i: 1. Thun tnh v i (sPang Pa Chen Po): hai che chng thnh

lnh v huyn ha vi nhng tp qun ca chng, l ci thc ra khng hin hu, hon ton c tnh ha.

2. S chng ng v i (rTogs Pa Chen Po): Nh tr tu nguyn s v i ca s bt nh, Php thn nhn tt c sinh t v nit bn m khng ri vo s phn bit.

3. Tm v i (Sems Chen Po): Do bi hai phm tnh trc, nhng hin l ca Php thn i vi s li lc ca tt c chng sinh th t nhin v thnh tu mt cch t nhin m khng c bt k khi nim no.

44

2

BO THN

Dharmakya (Php thn) an tr trong trng thi ca s quang minh su xa v bn tnh tuyt i ca cc hin tng. Khng chnh sa bn tnh ca Php thn, Sambhogakya (Bo thn) t-xut hin, thn h lc, hin l t nhin. T tinh ty ca Php thn, phng din hin l ca tr tu nguyn s, v s thn Pht v ci tnh xut hin nh s t-tri gic, ging nh nhng tia sng nm mu xut hin t mt ming pha l nh nhng tia sng mt tri. Trong Bo thn, v Thy v cc t c hp nht trong phm vi ca cng mt s chng ng. V Thy khng ban gio l m ng hn, cc gio l c t xut hin trong trng thi ng nht. Cc Bo Thn xut hin t nhin nh s t-tri gic theo nm cch th:

NI CHN: Ci tnh v song ca mng li tuyt p t-tri gic V THY: Nm b Pht, chng hn nh Vajrasattva (Akshobhya, Pht Bt ng), c t im ba mi hai tng tt v tm mi tng ph. CC T: V lng ch Pht nh i dng, xut hin nh s t-hin l ca tr tu nguyn s, khng g khc hn chnh l v Thy. GIO L: Ci thy chi ngi v i, khng th din t v thot khi nhng s khi nim ha ca biu th v ngn t. THI GIAN: S bt bin; chu k thi gian lun lun tip din

C hai loi trao truyn trong Bo thn: 1. Trong ci tnh v song, cc gio l tantra c Samantabhadra (Ph

Hin) ban cho ch Pht Bo Thn t-tri gic, chnh l c Ph Hin, trong khi v Thy v cc t an tr trong trng thi chng ng khng th phn bit. iu ny c gi l s trao truyn cng mt tm ca v Thy v t.62

45

2. Nh s gia h ca v Thy, nhng t c tm thc khc bit vi tm ca Thy tr nn ng nht vi tm Thy. iu ny c gi l s trao truyn vic tr nn bt kh phn ca tm Thy v t.63

Nm tr tu nguyn s ca Bo thn l:64 1. Php gii th tnh tr (dharmadhtujnna): L s hp nht bt kh phn ca

ba phng din: tnh Khng v i (s m trng), l nn tng ca s gii thot, thun tnh t nguyn thy; nn tng ca s t-quang minh, nh sng t nhin ca tr tu nguyn s; v Php gii ti hu ca tr tu tnh gic.

2. i vin cnh tr (darshajnna): Nhng hnh tng xut hin trong gic tnh trng khng-quang minh theo cch th khng b chng ngi, ging nh s xut hin ca nhng phn chiu trong mt tm gng. Tr tu nguyn s ny l phng din ca nn tng i vi s xut hin ca hai sc thn, Bo thn v Ha thn. p li nhng t c th nhn thy v tu tp, hai sc thn ca c Pht v ba tr tu nguyn s sau y xut hin t nhin nh mt phn chiu.

3. Bnh ng tnh tr (samantjnna): l tr tu bnh ng v i gii thot t nguyn s, trong mi s xut hin ca cc sc thn ca c Pht xut hin ph hp vi tri gic ca cc t, khng ri vo hay gi bt k cc oan no.

4. Diu quan st tr (pratyavekshanajnna): l tr tu nguyn s ng thi nhn thy r rng mi hin tng c th nhn thc c khng cht sai lm.

5. Thnh s tc tr (kritynushthnajnna): l tr tu nguyn s thnh tu nhng mc ch ca ring ta trong trng thi ca gic tnh ni ti, v phng s t nhin mi nhu cu ca chng sinh m khng cn n lc, ging nh mt vin ngc nh .

Php gii th tnh tr nhn mi s nh chng l, chn l tuyt i; v bn tr tu nguyn s kia nhn thy cch thc mi s xut hin, chn l tng i.

46

3

HA THN

Trong khi Php thn an tr m khng di chuyn khi s nht nh v i ca sinh t v Nit bn, sc thn ca c Pht, nhng hin l lng bi mn khng cn dng cng, xut hin trong nhng ph din mun hnh vn trng khng ngi ngh, nh s ph din ca nhng xut hin thn diu.

Ngy no sinh t cn hin hu th Nirmnakya (Ha thn), thn hin l, s cn xut hin p ng nhng nhu cu ca nhng chng sinh bnh thng. l bi khi mt trng c phn chiu trong nhng thng nc, th c bao nhiu thng nc l c by nhiu mt trng to ra nh phn chiu ca n. Ha thn c th c phn thnh ba loi:

1. Ha thn t nhin (Rang bZhin sPrul sKu): i vi cc t c tri gic thanh tnh, v nhng bc t c cp no trong mi cp (thp a), hin l Bo thn v i xut hin nh tnh v song v nhng ci tnh ca Nm B Pht, chng hn nh Vajrasattva, v ca Ba B Pht, chng hn nh Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th), ging nh s phn chiu trong mt tm gng. y tm ca cc t khng ng nht vi tm ca v Thy, c Pht, nhng trong thc t nhng ci tnh ny l nhng ci tnh Bo thn, v th chng c gi l nhng ci tnh na-Bo thn v na-Ha thn.

2. Nhng bc Ha thn iu phc chng sinh (Gro Dul sPrul sKu): y l hin l ca Ha thn tuyt ho, c ba mi hai tng tt v tm mi tng ph. Cc ngi xut hin trong mi mt ci trong su ci ca v s h thng th gii. Bng mi hai cng hnh v nhng phng php thin xo cc ngi phng s cc nhu cu v s gii thot ca tt c chng sinh. Ha thn tuyt ho ca ci ngi trong h thng th gii ca chng ta trong thi hin ti l c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni.

Mi hai cng hnh ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni l (1) h th t ci tri Tushita (u sut), (2) vo thai tng ca thn mu, (3) n sinh, (4) hc cc ngh thut, (5) lp gia nh, (6) t b i sng gia ch th tc, (7) thc hnh kh hnh,

47

(8) du hnh ti Ci B , (9) chin thng ma qun, (10) t c Pht qu; v (12) nhp nit bn.

3. Ha thn ca nhng Thn tng Khc nhau (sNa Tshogs SPrul sKu): Trong hin l Ha thn ny khng c s chc chn v ni chn, hnh thc, hay khong thi gian ca s hin l. N xut hin trong bt k hnh thc no thch hp vi chng sinh, chng hn nhng sinh loi; nh nhng hnh tng, Kinh in, nh ca, vn tc, thuc men, cu ng, v v. v..

Tr tu nguyn s ca Ha thn l s chng ng rng bt k hnh thc Ha thn no xut hin trc chng sinh th khng phi l nhng hnh thc v tri hay ch l nhng phn chiu. Cc ngi c hai loi tr tu nguyn s, v nhng tr tu xut hin mt cch t nhin v s li lc ca chng sinh.

Tr tu nguyn s thu sut nh n l l s chng ng bn tnh ca chn l tuyt i ca mi vt hin hu c tnh cht hin tng, khng c bt k sai lm no. Tr tu ny biu l cho chng sinh ngha ca chn l tuyt i, l chn l thot khi nhng s khi nim ha ca sinh v dit, ging nh khng gian.

Tr tu nguyn s thu bit tt c nhng s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ng thi l s chng ng chn l tng i khng lm ln nhng tnh cht khc bit ca cc hin hu hin tng.

S trao truyn c nht v nh ca i Vin mn c Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H) nhn t Vajrasattva hay Vajrapni. Vajrasattva v Vajrapni l v Pht xut hin trong hnh thc Sambhogakya (Bo Thn) hay na Bo Thn, v Prahevajra l v Pht xut hin trong hnh thc Ha Thn.

48

4

PRAHEVAJRA (GARAB DORJE)

PRAHEVAJRA (dGa Rab rDo rJe)65 l mt Nirmnakya (Ha thn), thn hin l ca c Pht xut hin nh o s i Vin mn u tin trong loi ngi. Theo nhng ngun mch ca i Vin mn, Prahevajra sinh lm con gi ca Vua x Oddiyna. Theo mt vi hc gi th Oddiyna khu vc quanh Thung lng Swat m hin nay l Pakistan. Oddiyna l sui ngun quan trng nht ca cc gio l Pht gio, hay tantra (Mt in) b truyn. N l mt a im y nng lc v l x s ca cc dkin, nhiu ti nguyn thin nhin, rng rm v d th. Ti Oddiyna cng c mt ngi cha trng l tn l Deche Tsekpa (V s H lc) c 6.108 ngi cha nh bao quanh. Tt c u rt hng thnh.

Cch khng xa lm, trn mt hn o c ct vng bao ph, mt s c tn l Sudharm,67 con gi ca Vua Uparja68 v Hong hu lokabhsvati (Bc Chiu sng)69 x Oddiyna ang thin nh trong mt tp lu c n s vi mt th gi tn l Sukhasravati (Tri tim H lc). Mt m, s c c mt gic m trong mt ngi n ng tinh khit vi nc da trng xut hin v t mt bnh pha l ln u c ba ln. Chic bnh c t im nm ch tng trng cho nm v Pht v pht ra nhng tia sng, v c c th nhn thy ba ci tht r rng.

Sau gic m, vo ngy mng mi, s c sinh ra mt cu con trai t im nhng du hiu kit tng. a tr ny l ti sinh ca Adhichitta, mt hin l ca Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), ng xut hin trong ci tri truyn b i Vin mn . S c hong s v xu h. a tr khng cha ny chnh l mt tinh linh xu c! c la ln v nm n vo mt h tro, mc d c th gi, l ngi c nhng phm tnh tt lnh, cnh bo s c rng a tr l mt hin l gic ng. Vo lc , ngi ta nghe thy nhng m thanh k diu, v nhng tia sng xut hin. Ba m sau , s c tm li c a b, n bnh yn v s.70 C nhn ra rng a b l mt hin l gic ng, v c a n v nh, qun n trong mt ming la trng v tm cho n. Vo lc , cc dkin v hin nhn ca ngi v cng dng a tr, v t trn khng trung cc v tri tn thn:

49

V Bo tr, o s, ng Th Tn, Bc Th h ca th gii, ngi khm ph chn tnh, Xin l v bo tr mnh m ca chng con. Kim cng ca Php gii, chng con khn cu ngi.

Khi a tr ln by tui, trn y nng lc tr tu, cu ni n m cho cu i gp

cc hc gi c th tho lun vi h v gio thuyt tn gio. Khi c cho php, cu vi v chy ti ng ca cu l Vua Uparja, v khn cu c gp cc hc gi. Cu tho lun vi nm trm hc gi, khng ai c th nh bi cu. H ng lng chp nhn cu l