ch 18 americans in wwii

8/7/2019 Ch 18 Americans in WWII

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Diversity in the Armed

Forces*______________Mexican Americans*Million African Americans*25, 000 Native Americans.*________________Women

NativeAmericans in theMilitary

oThe US needed a code to communicate

that the Japanese couldnt break.oUS intelligence bet the Japanese never

bothered to learn about Native Americanlanguages.

Wind Talkers / Code TalkersMostly __________


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Preparing an Economy for

War*With Japan controlling the Pacific the

US was cut off from VITAL rawmaterials

Rubber

__________

Tin

Preparing an Economy for

War*Thanks to the New Deal the

government had tremendous powerover the economy.

WPB __________-________________*Convert peacetime industries to produce war

materials.*Cars to building bomber planes


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Preparing an Economy for WaroBy 1944 American production levels

doubled those of all the Axis powerstogether.

o1945 300,000 planes

80,000 landing craft

100,000 armored cars and tanks

6 million rifles

41 __________rounds ofammunition!

Wartime Work Force*War production ended any lasting

Depression __________.*Wages rose by 50% between

__________*Mostly women workers

Theres a war on, you know!

Rosie the __________

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Financing the War

*1939 US govt. spending was 8.9billion.*1945 US govt. spending was

__________billion!!!!

How did we pay for thewar?*41% paid for by higher taxes*Urged people and __________ to buy

war bonds. Loans of your money to

government.*Pay back date with interest for the loan.


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How did we pay for the

war?*Went further into debt!

1940 deficit spending made theUS debt $43 billion.

1945 - $259 __________ in debt!

Daily Life on the HomeFront

oPractically every family had someone inthe __________.

o30-million people moved. Soldiers moved

Families of soldiers moved

People moved to take __________

oBUT the population grew by

__________million 1940 1945. Double the rate of the 1930s.

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Shortages and Controls*Workers were making $$$$

*But there was really nothing to spend iton.

Shortages*Zippers

*__________*Rubber*Nylon stockings

Anything that had metal, rubber ornylon was needed for the war.

Food Shortages too*Between troop needs and enemy

stopping supply lines.

Sugar Tropical fruits

Coffee

Chocolate


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OPA: Office of Price

Administration*When demand is greater than supply

prices go UP!

INFLATION!

Had to limit prices.

OPA decided the pricesfor*Sugar*__________*Meat*Butter

*Canned food*__________*Gas

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Ration Books

*__________ with certain values allottedgoods for the month. Based on family size

Did consider distance and needs offarmers

Popular Culture*Looking for ways to spend money*Movies*Radio*Books and magazines*Ballgames with __________ players

Enlisting Public Support*Office of __________ Information

*Writers and artists created posters andads that stirred Americans patrioticfeelings.


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What civilians were

encouraged to do:*Older men: join the __________

Defense effort*Kids: __________ __________ drives*Women:

Grow Victory Gardens

Knit scarves and socks for the war

Roll bandages for the Red Cross

Motto*Play __________Part*Conserve and Collect*Use it up, wear it out, make it do or do

without

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Nebraska Note: The North

Platte __________*December 25, 1941 April 1, 1946

*Served 6-million servicemen servedsandwiches, coffee, cookies and cakesduring stops.


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Retaking Europe (Section 2)*Roosevelt and Churchill met in August

1941 to decide what the goals of theiralliance would be.

The Atlantic Charter*There would be no enlargement of

territories.*Freedom of people to choose their

government*Final destruction of the Nazis.

Battle of the Atlantic*How to get supplies to the British?*Wolf Packs

20 U boats that hunted enemy

convoys in packs. Took out 175 allied ships in 1942

alone.

Some in sight of the US coastline.13


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How to combat the wolf

packs?*SONAR (kinda worked)*Long range sub hunting aircraft*Better depth charges*Cut off U Boats from their ports in

Germany and France.

The Major Players of theAtlantic War; Western Front;European Theatre*Churchill Prime Minister of England*Roosevelt US President*Josef Stalin Chairman of Soviet

Union

Players for the Fascists*Hitler Germany*Mussolini - Italy


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The Generals: Allies

*Dwight Ike Eisenhower (1890 1969)*Supreme Commander of the Allied

Forces*Excelled at

Staffing issues

Diplomacy

The Generals: United

States*George Patton : 1885 1945.*As a boy knew he wanted to be a hero.*LOVED war.*Early on realized the potential for tanks.*Did NOT have good diplomacy skills.

The Generals: Allies15


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*Englands Field Marshal Montgomery *Not a particularly great general but he

made sure people thought he wasgreat.

The BRILLIANT NaziGenerals*Rommel The Desert Fox*Erwin Rommel (1891 1944)*Great tank commander*Used surprise and bold moves.

*Was NOT a member of the Nazi partyThe BRILLIANT NaziAdmirals*Admiral Karl Donitz

*U boat strategy*Sea mine technology*Ice water instead of blood in his veins.


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The Brilliant Italian

GeneralsThe North AfricaCampaign

*February 1943: US had their buttskicked by the Nazis.*May 1943: US came back, defeated

Nazis and took 240,000 German andItalians prisoners.

2000 ended up in POW camps inNebraska.

Invasion of Italy: Start ofRetaking Europe*7th Army under Patton took Sicily and

the English started to invade themainland of Italy.

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Union

*The Germans advance in Russia 1941 1942.*Blitzkrieg*Nazis were first greeted as liberators by

the ethnic nationalities in Russia.

They hated Stalin.

The War in the SovietUnion*Nazis turned on the local people.

Executions Forced labor

People engaged in guerrilla actions againstthe Nazis.

Russias Fight*Guerrilla Warfare*Scorched Earth Policy

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*Stalin BEGGED Roosevelt andChurchill to invade Western Europe to

take some pressure off the Red Army.

Russias BEST weapon*The Russian winter

Important Soviet Battles*Battle of Stalingrad*September 1942 January 1943

Important Soviet Battles*Siege of Leningrad (St. Petersburg

today)

Battle of Stalingrado330,000 Nazi deado90,000 Nazi prisoners taken

oBUT


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Europe: D-Day

*June 6, 1944 some 4,600 invasion craftleft England for France. 150,000 soldiers

*1,000 RAF aircraft dropped 23,000paratroopers in France

D-Day: Why June 6th?*Rommels wifes birthday!

Took the chance he would go to bewith her.

He took the bait!

D-Day: Largest landingby sea in history*Omaha Beach

*Utah BeachD-Day: Omaha Beach*Killing Zone


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*12 major resistance nests that reignedfire down over every inch of the beach.

*IF they made it to the beach.

D-Day: Omaha Beach*If you made it to the beach

*If you made it across the beach*You had to climb up a cliff to reach the

Germans.

D-Day: Utah Beach

*Landing was hard currents.*Trouble happened later.*Hedgerow fighting

D-Day*3,000 American, British casualties*2,000 German casualties*By the next week 500,000 Allies were

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Liberating France

*Patton used a Blitzkrieg to blow a holethrough the Germans to advance out ofNormandy.

*With French Resistance they liberatedParis August 25, 1944.

The Battle of the Bulge:Germany fights back

oDecember 1944 Germans cut off part of

the American army from the main group.

oPatton did an amazing movement inwinter of troops to save the Americanforces.

*600,000 GI soldiers involved*80,000 killed, wounded*100,000 Germans killed

The War in Europe Ends*Stalins Red Army approaching

Germany from the East.


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*British, American and Frenchapproaching from the West.

*March 1945

The War in Europe Ends*Russia was out for revenge for Nazi

atrocities committed against them.

*18- MILLION dead Russians.

Crossing the Elbe River*April 25, 1945

*US and Russian troops joined up andpushed on into Berlin

Germany Surrenders: V-EDay!*April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide.*May 8, 1945: Germany surrenders*V-E: Victory in Europe.

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Yalta: Where the Peace

went wrong*FDR, Churchill, Stalin met to discuss

the peace.

Yalta: Where the Peace

went wrongoPlan was to divide German territories

and Berlin into four zones, eachcontrolled by an Ally: England, US,France, Russia.

*Repair the economy*Rid the zone of Nazis*Hold free elections*Get out after repairs are done.

Yalta*Stalin didnt keep to the agreement.

Punished the Germans


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Stole what was left of the economy

Did NOT hold free elections.

*Put puppet communist regimes in.

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ch 18 americans in wwii

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