chinese grave goods 1

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Grave Goods: Grave goods are items buried along with the body of a dead person. They are usually personal possessions and/or supplies to smooth the deceased's journey into the a;erlife or offerings to the gods. While o;en real objects of daily use were supplied to the deceased, smaller models of objects (like a house or even a servant) could be subsCtuted. Tomb of Lady Fu Hao, Ca. 1200 BCE

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Grave Goods: Grave  goods  are  items  buried  along  with  the  body  of  a  dead  person.  They  are  usually  personal  possessions  and/or  supplies  to  smooth  the  deceased's  journey  into  the  a;erlife  or  offerings  to  the  gods.  While  o;en  real  objects  of  daily  use  were  supplied  to  the  deceased,  smaller  models  of  objects  (like  a  house  or  even  a  servant)  could  be  subsCtuted.  

Tomb  of  Lady  Fu  Hao,  Ca.  1200  BCE  

Chinese burials

•  Neolithic  ceramics  found  in  Yanghai  tombs  

•  Ca.  2700  –  3000  BCE  

•  Also  found:  cannabis  

•  In  ancient  Cmes,  slaves,  servants,  animals  and  family  members  might  also  be  killed  to  join  the  deceased.  

Beifudi  Neolithic    Burial  Site,  Ca.  6000  BCE  

Chu His's Family Rituals

Master  Cheng  (1033  -­‐  1107)  said,  'Divining  a  tomb  site  is  aimed  at  discovering  the  excellence  of  the  land….When  the  land  is  excellent,  the  spirits  will  be  comfortable  and  the  descendants  will  flourish;  the  principle  is  the  same  as  the  branches  and  leaves  of  a  plant  flourishing  when  earth  is  banked  around  the  roots.  When  the  land  is  bad  the  contrary  occurs.  But  what  is  meant  by  excellence  of  land?  It  is  land  that  is  bright  and  moist;  a  flourishing  growth  of  plants  and  trees  is  the  evidence….  'Nevertheless  there  are  five  problems  one  must  give  aOenPon  in  picking  a  burial  site.  One  must  see  that  the  spot  will  never  be  made  into  a  road,  a  city  wall,  or  a  ditch;  that  it  will  not  be  seized  by  the  high-­‐ranking  or  powerful;  and  that  it  will  never  be  culPvated.  

•  "Carve  wood  to  make  carts  and  horses,  male  and  female  servants,  and  all  the  things  needed  to  care  of  the  deceased.  The  objects  should  resemble  those  used  in  real  life  but  be  smaller.  According  to  the  law,  those  with  rank  five  or  six  offices  can  have  thirty  objects;  those  with  rank  seven  or  eight  offices,  twenty  objects;  and  those  who  have  not  reached  court  posts,  fiXeen  objects.  

•  Prepare  the  lower-­‐world  furnishings.  This  refers  to  the  bed  curtains,  cushions,  armrests,  tables  and  the  like.  These  should  also  resemble  those  used  in  life  but  be  smaller.  

Early Chinese burial practices •  StarCng  in  Neolithic  Cmes  (ca.  5000  BC)  to  about  the  end  of  the  Ming  dynasty  in  1644,  Chinese  people  buried  grave  goods  with  bodies.  

Ritual  object,  Neolithic  period,  2700  –  2500  BCE  Placed  above  head,  below  feet  and  on  chest  of  Deceased.  

Bronze  Wine  Jar,  Tomb  of  Fu  Hao  

Horse and Rider, Han

Dynasty, ca. 180 BCE

•  While  o;en  real  objects  of  daily  use  were  supplied  to  the  deceased,  smaller  models  of  objects  (like  a  house  or  even  a  servant)  could  be  subsCtuted.  

•  By  the  Cme  of  the  Han  dynasty  (ca.  200  BCE),  models  of  important  items  were  included  in  burials.  

Tomb Guardian,

ca. 550 AD

Female horse rider, Tang Dynasty, ca. 750 AD

Han Dynasty soldiers

•  Han,  Tang,  Wei  Dynasty  grave  goods  

The Terracotta Army •  NOTHING  compares  to  the  burial  

tomb  of  the  First  Emperor  of  China,  Qin  Shi  Huang  

•  Ca.  250  –  290  BCE  (Qin  Dynasty)  •  Discovered  1974  by  farmer  digging  

a  well  •  Major  necropolis  containing  >  

8,000  soldiers,  130  chariots  with  520  horses  and  150  cavalry  horses,  plus  other  figures  

•  Tomb  itself  is  the  size  of  a  soccer  field,  remains  unopened  due  to  concerns  about  preservaCon.  

•  Details  of  soldiers  

hfps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAPRJVeiDbQ