cihanroj-som

37
ZZZDPXGHGH &Í+$152- 620 dvURNHNH;DY 5HûHPv

Upload: kurdishstudies

Post on 07-Apr-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 1/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

&Í+$152-

620dvURNHNH;DY 

5HûHPv

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 2/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

dDSDGvMvWDO

6vUZDQ+HFv%HUNR0DOSHUD$P�Gr

 ZZZDPXGHGHLQIR#DPXGHGH

dDSNLULQDYrSLUW�NrEr\vGHVW�UD&vKDQ5RM�PDOSHUD$P�GrTHGH[H\H

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 3/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

    D�d_cd�d_cd�dWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� w_Xa_c`_cWb�ZkdoWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� 8�j[i[XhWc_ddWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� D�d_cd�d_cd�dWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� w_Xa_c`_cWb�ZkdoWo� ^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� 8�j[n[maWc_ddWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo�  

Jk��o�Z�g[odWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� X�j[n[mWc_ddWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo� w_Xa_c`_cWb�ZkdoWo�^Wd�dWo�^Wd�dWo�  

@_beh�a[aZWo_aWd$$$

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 4/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

'HVWSrND$\HWD5L]v 

'vVDGHPVDODELvQVDQEL\DQMLERúvURYH\DQZH[WOLKHUNHVvILUHKE�=HUv[DQNXSrQFv�KHIWVDOvE�OLSrúPDOOLEHUNXoLNELFvUDQD[ZHUHúvQDúHúFLZDQrQNXGL

QDYEHUD$UQDZLW�vWDO\D\rGHJHUPGLNLULQMLNHVrQIHWLVvKHZMr\HN[ZDU]L\rJXQGL\HNZDQE�OrZHNNX]DUR\rQZDQIHWLVvEHKrVLUGLEDUDQGLQ(Z�VLSvQGDUDVrVDOHGLúLEL\DQKHYXGXoDZDNHUELGHYELUvQOLGDUrYHNLULE�

KHUZLKDúHUMvELUvQOLODúrZrYHNLULE�/rHZPvQDNHNHML(UvFK)URPPUHNX+H]NLULQKXQHUHJRWL\H

9DQVDOrQGDZvrGvOLIvVWDQrQTHGvIHErUvNQvQLQSrúEHUELMRUYHNLúDQGMLErUvNDNLUDVGHoHQGúHNLUrQQDYODOvVDGHU[LVWGD1HER'HVWGDEHU[ZHEHUELPLUvúNDQYH.LúNLúPvUDWQRQPDKXQMLNXOrWrUQDELQJRWOL1HER]LYvUv

(ZZHODWrQ(ZU�SDOLPHE�\HZHNVD\DVRULNDQVRULNDQGHUJ�úMLPHGLJLUWHZMv[RUW�D]HYDQGLJLULQMLERKLQHNDQoL\DWHQJHMLERKLQHNDQMvNXOvQHNSLUILUH\H

1HERELTDVvZrMLUHZúrQH[HPVDUE�

/rOrGHQLKDKHTELGDQDZDQ0HMLPrUr[ZH�ML[ZH[rUQHGvWHProHU[rUrML[HONrELPvQLQ'HGL\DPLQZHOHGLKHULQ�WrQZHUFLZDPrU� FDQLNGLELQDZDQWv�NXPUHúvEL

VD\D]DUL\DQ�VD\DZDQZHNPDUMLQDYPHYHNLúL\DHYMvEHVH=HUv[DQPDOLNDFvUDQUr1HERGDELGHQJHNMLGHQJrNHUHQJSHUHN

VLYLNWLU$KDE�NDWHU�FDQHYKHIW6DOHErPrUPD\HQHPLU QHMvZD[WrOLSrúGHUvGHVWDQSHYGL[H�N�UOLDVvPDQGLQLKrUHH]SrUHGLKHOLPJRW1HERMvEDVNOL[ZHYHJLUW

(ZMvUDVWHWXSrKHVL\D\vQL]DQLPMLrúDPrUr[ZHKLQJL\DJLUL\DUHKrQoDYOr[HUDE�QHE�NDHZNrOrGHWXELErMHKD;DOvGHOrNDKLúKLúMvELPHUHQHPD

3HOrQGDUDVLSvQGDUrNXGLVHUVDFDQGHGDZHúL\DE�QMLVLYvQHNrQ[DQvGHGLZHúL\DQ=DUR\rQOLSrúEHUELoHNrQMLGDULNúHUJXUGLNLULQFDUQDGHQJOLZDQGLELUv'HQJrùHYJHUrKHIWVDOvE�YrFDGHQJOLZDQGLELUv+LPPPGHZHUvMDGRUDPLQ�WHGLJRWMLGvOrEroHNUH�HZEHUELPrOGDUrQ[ZHYHYHGLNLúDQG:H[WrOLQJr+rúDUOLNHYLUNHWELKrUVSHNDQGVHUùHYJHUÇQLKDH]OvVWLNPvVWLNEHUGLPWXvMDMLGHVWrPLQoHUGLNv"

7vUTvQEL1HER�=HUv[DQNHW=HUv[DQELORUvNGLPDQG(]QL]DQLPGLOrNXHYTDVSHULWvoDZDNXWrGLVHNLQHGLNDQHGXQ\D\rELKHZvQHTH\HPKvQE�QH

1HEREHMQDK�ULNKLQHNGvOLYDQG-L=HUv[DQTDVvSDQ]GHKVDODQSLo�NE�%L]LPDQr[ZHPrUr[ZHMLNXEDUHNPRGHUQErWLUEL[ZHYHGDE�JLUrGDQ<HNDZrQHGLE�GXGX-LQrQGvELSLUDQvMLKHV�GvMrUHVLKrUED]rGLJRWLQ7rNLOL\rQ=HUv[DQ�

PrUrZrrGvWXEDQGRUOLML\DQDZDQ\DURMDQHQHGLNLU%LJRWLQDZr+HPvMDQ�rúrQ MLQ�PrUWL\rGLNvVHNSLo�NGHDYrWLE�DYr:rNHYLUDGLGDVHUNHYLUvMvMLERODZr[ZH+DGvE�dHQGFDUDQDQvVHUGHYr[ZHNXML1HERUHELErMHZr+DGvMvELúvQLQ)UDQVL]GvVDGHYOL[ZHVDUNLU

1HERZHN]DUR\HNúHUPRNGHVWMLErUvNGHYHNLúDQG�EHUELGHYr[ZHYHELU:HNEHQLúWrNHUHQJDQGLGHYGHEHELorMGHYOrGLo��GLKDW=HUv[DQELPDWPD\v.HorPDODEDYrPLQQHúHZLWHQHEvWXKrQHUPRNrGL[Zv"

5HQJOL1HERVDUE�;DOWvH]PvQDPLKDELWHZLúH[ZrJRW�ELSvMLNrGLGHVWr[ZHGHUrGLGD

GHODYDOLGRUGDUDVLSvQGDUr+DGvOLNRúH\r[rQvSLúWOLGvZDUDVrVHUvEHUELQDYoRQJDQYH[DUJDYrQJrUH\D

NXSDUL\HNQDQGLGHYGHGLPHúL\DGLMLPDUW1R]GHKVDOvE�5�ELo�UL\HNúLPD\vUHQJGLGD(YVDOHNE�NXGHVWELNLúDQGLQDFL[DUrNLULE�-LJXQGrVHG[DQH\v 

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 5/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

GHKNHVrQSrUHKHYVDOPDE�QMLZDQSrQFNHVVHUvGDE�QUL\DELrú�MDQr]vVWDQdDUNHVMrMvVHUvGDE�QUL\DoL\r-LJXQGErWLUKHYDOrQZvQDYoH\vE�Q+HYDOrQZvrQNXZHNPvOvVGLKDWLQ]DQvQMvKDWLE�QJLUWLQ/LKHPEHUZvEDYKHUNXGHVWOLVHUrJr PLVGLGDNHO[ZrGDQELVHUZvGLNHWGXJDELWHYv]rUrQrWDZvEHUGrODo�\vQDZv\D(ZU�SD

%LKH]DUDQovURNrQUrZLWL\r�ELKH]DUDQMDQ�NXOrQML\DQDOLHZU�SDELKvVWLE�KHUovURNHNOLVHUSLúWDZv]LQDUHN'HVWDYrWELVWL\HNEvKRNrMLEvUYHNLUNX

GHPVDOSD\v]HELVWvEL[HP�KrYL\HNGLKHUL\rGHGDoLNDQGNXúvQEr&L[DUDQHYr[LVWvGLGHVWGHEHUELWDOGH\rYHDYHUrE�dHQGURME�NXGLQDYJXQGGHGLPHúL\DVHUvEHUELMrUE�QLKDOLGHUvJXQGE�GvVDMvVHUvUDQHGLNLUSrZLVDGLKDWNXOL]LQDU�NDúDQELQLKrUHGrKHPvNHG�EvUDQvQrQ[ZHrQELúHYZHNPH\WHNYHúrUH-rGLKDWNX[ZHOLNDúELJLQGLUvQHGHU�GRUTROHoDQNLUFL[DUHMLErUvNrGHU[LVW�[LVW GHVWPLOGDVHUoDYDQ�JLQGLUv/LSHUDYDFRKR\rVHUGHYHU�GHVW�OLQJOL[ZHGLUrMNLUKHZvQL\DVHELUZvQHKDWELNHYLUDQEHQGHNOLSrúDYrDYDNLUDYGLWHULNrQNHYLUDQGHUrGLGD[ZH[DOLE�QDGHUGRUZHNNH\VOrKDWNLUDVrELEHQGLNrNXOLVHUSLúWYv]DOYv]DOvGHU[LVWSDUoH\rQNLUDVGLWHULNDQGHELFvNLU$YrGHODYJLUrGD.�VL\HNJrUH\HNGDULNHNSHOHNKLúNELWHYvND[L]DMLErUvNrGHDYrWQDYGHODYroDYQHSHOQHN�VvQHGDULNQHMvJrUHGLGvWKHUNX[r]OLND[L]UHQJEHODYGLNLUZvGHQJ

OL[ZHGLNHODQG[r]rQELWLUNvKDWLE�QQLYvVvQZHNJvVQrFRWGLKLúGH[HWUHúGLNLULQ(PGL]DQLQNXZHODWHNPHKH\HGLEHNXZH[WrPHHYUDVWvGvWKHPv\H]GDQUHúJLUrGDQVLODYHNPHMLER\H]GDQDQMvKH\HHPrOLZDQMvELTvUvQELJRWLQrQELrú�MDQrKDWLQHúXúWLQ

:D[WrUDVWvOrGLEDUvKHPvVR]rQOLGLOGD[GLNLUOrGLE�QWH\UrQEDVNúNHVWv�GLIXUL\DQoDUVHGNHVMLJXQGNRoEHUr(ZU�SDE�Q �MLoDUVHGNHVvoDUKH]DUVR]OL[DNDJXQGZHNWRYYHUHúDQGLE�OrZvGL]DQLE�ErND[DNoDZDUHQJOLvQVDQGDGLSDOvQH

-LWDOGH\rGHoDZDUL\DOLSrúEHUvJXQGOr[X\DNLUoRQJOrVLVWE�GXJD�OLGXZDQGXSH\DRUvQDoL\DNXMLHYVHQH\DQGHOrE�E�QDOvQELVHUNHWd�\vQDQDYoH\rOrKHULPvE�/LEDQL\rJXQGOLJXQG]LYvUvWXFDUHZTDVMLGLO�FDQEDQvQHZDOoHP�VLNDNrQJXQGQHGvWLE�%rKHPGoDYOLJRULVWDQr]vTPDQ;rO\HNVRUKHUNXEr VLYLNHZGLKHMDQGMvOLEHUoDYrQZv[rOvZHNSH\D\HNMLJRYHQGrGHUELNHYH�W�WLQELNLúvQHGL[DQDMLW�WLQrOrE�KHZUHNUHúUHúZHNTvU

/LVHU]LQDUHNSLo�NZHNHGL]DURNWL\D[ZHGHU�QLúWNHYLUGvVDGLELQGHZHNKHVSHNKrúSrOvE�SLo�NWL\D[ZHGHMvHZKHYDOrQ[ZHOLVHUNHYLUU�GLQLúWLQOLEHQGD\H]GDQGLPDQNXUXKELGHKHVSvZDQSLúWvKrYvML[ZHGDGLELUvQKHVSELoDUJDYvGLELQZDQGHGLEH]L\DZDQEL[ZHUXKGLGD\r

6rNHYLUZHNHOHúNHUELQOLG�KHYXGXUr]NLUNHYLUHNZHNHNXTD]vOLSrúZDQrZHNHPHODMvGDSrúTD]v(YOvVWLNHNE�GLYL\DEHUL\DNXvQVDQELNHYLUrQGLDYrMHOHúNHUDQZHUJHUDQGLEDG�UHTD]vGDZL\DGDZvMvPHOD´.rPPD³JRW �NHYLUHNGvMvGDSrúJLúNDQHZMvJD\rNXGHVWrEDYOLVHUGLNHOvE�dHQGNHYLUGLKHPEr]D[ZH

GHNRPNLUoHQGJDYMLOHúNHUTD]vPHOD�JDG�Uo�WDWrGHKHE�NHYLUDYrWPHODG�UHDYrWTD]v�GLGDZvGHOHúNHU �JDEr\vZHUJHUvQHGHVWMLOvVWLNrEHUHGDFDUHNGvOLJXQGQLKrUvKrVLUrQJHUPOLVHUUX\rVDUZHNHGLORSrQFLYD\rJLOrUGLE�Q

/LEHUNHYLUHNELKLQH\DVLUXúWvU�QLúWdvSrQGLUrMEr]HYWEHUHGDHQLúNDPLOroHSrGDHUGrGHVWroHSrGDEHUKLQDULNDU��WLIXVHUKLQH\rNLU�ELNHYLUHNSLo�NWHYGDTLULNOr]LZDE�E�OLVHUNHYLUKLQHVRUGLNLU.HYLUHNSDQNXMLZDQNHYLUDQUHVDOGLKDWHJRWLQGDEHU[ZHELWLOvNrKLQHOLVHUVDOQHTLúDQG:rQH\HNGrZHNKHIWVHUvNXGLGHYGHVHUrKHIWNHoLNDQ3RUDNHoLNHNúLEDQGLE�SRUDGL\D[ZHTHKZH\v�]LUDYGLúLEL\DKLUL\r%LFL[DUH\DVLVL\DQUHZrQHOLVHUVDO]LZDE�&L\HNELQvúDQNLIúNLUVDOVHUGHYHU�GLZLUGHYHúDUWVHUvGD]LQDUrQDVrrQOLURMKLODWrJXQGGLNHW

:HNNHVrQYvJXQGv�ELKH]DUDQNHVrQQDYoH\r[HZQ�[H\DOrQELJHQFvQH\DQ

GHZOHPHQGE�QOLZvMvKH\DZrGHPrE�E�KrYvdvURNrQMLWDODQDPD\vQGH\rQGvURNvUHGLE�QVHGHPZHNHSLUW�NHNErQDYGLGLOrKHUNHVvGHE�/LQDYoH\r�JXQGrQQDYoH\rKrMv(UPHQGLML\DQ+HUNXHZELNXUGvGLD[LYLQ�ZHNHNXUGGLMvQMvNHVrQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 6/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

QDYoH\rPDOEDWELPDOEDWZDQGLQDVLQ/LJRUvovURNDQ(UPHQDQKHPvQLU[DQGLJRULVWDQDQGHYHúDUWLE�Q�MLER\vNXúLNDNHVrQPLVLOPDQYHQHNLúvQLQQDYr³úHKvG´OLZDQJRULVWDQDQGDWDQLQH/rNHVrQPLVLOPDQELVHGDQJRULVWDQYHNRODQGLQELGHKDQ´JRULVWDQrQúHKvGDQMv´VHURELQRNLULQGLSrYDMR\DúHUGHNHV MLWLUVDQELúHYrGHUQHGLNHWOrJHUvQr

+DGv�KHYDOHN[ZHMvFL\HNELQvúDQGL]LQDUGHGvWLE�Q/LZvFv\vQvúDQrQ

[X\DQJHKHE�Q'LGHVWKHYGGHVRQGNLULE�QNXGrWXFDUEr\vNXKD\ZDQMLKHYWXQHEHGrNHVvGHVWQHGD ZrGHYHUr+HYDOrZvELEHUL\DGXVDODQo�E�)UDQVD-LGLOKDWNXFDUHNHGvVHUvOLZrGHYHUrELGH-LQLKDGH[ZHDPDGH\rSLUVrQKHYDOr[ZHrQOL)UDQVDGLNLU(ZZrQHorNLULQ�GLZLUGHYHúDUWLQMvMLEHUYr[HPDKDQLTXWvGLOrZv(UPHQDQML[ZHWLúWLQOLYvZHODWvYHúDUWLE�QZvMvZrQH\HNELKLQH\vML[ZHOLZHODWGLKLúW'LUrGHNHQHNEL[HPGLGLOGHGLNHOvNX\HNZHNHWHVDGXISrUJvZvVDOvELKDWD'rNDUHVHWHNELML\D´1DOR´JRW´(ZLQFD[JRULVWDQDQYHGLNROLQ´

+rQHJLKLúWLE�FL\rELQvúDQOLVHUNDQL\rU�QLúW%HUL\DNXVHUGHYHU�YH]HOH�DYYHEL[ZHW�QFLNDSRU\DGLUrMGDDOv3LúWvDYYH[ZDUKLQHNOLVHUoRQJDQUDZHVWL\D'HUGRUDNDQL\r[DOvE�dHQGNHYLUrQ PH]LQJLOrUNLUDQvKLQGDNDQL\r/LNrOHNDNDQL\rZHNHVHZNL\HNELFvNLU&DUHNHGvOLNDQL\rQLKrUv'LDYrGHOLZrQH\r

[ZHQLKrUv:HNHZrQH\rZvNHVHNEHOLKHPEHUZrQH\r[ZHEroDUH�ELúHUPVHNLQv$VvPDQZHNHNXoDU EXKXVWG�UvZvEHKHPvNHYLU�EHUOrZHNHKDWLELQ]LPDQ'LovURNrQJHOrUvGHGLGHPrQZLKDGHoL\DOLvQVDQGLNLURUvQ:HNHNXRUvQELELKv]H[RISrNHW3LúWvPHúDELTDVvoHQG[XOHNDQJLKLúWFL\r[ZH+HUWLúWZHNH[ZHE�

+HUNXHZTDVJRULVWDQKDWLE�QYHNRODQGLQMvNHVrQJXQGWXFDUGHZOHWMLZDQWLúWDQKD\GDUQHGLNLULQ'LYvGHUEDUrGHGHU�QL\HNErEHOHGELZDQUHKHE�/LYvJXQGvOLNHORúNHNGHUL\HNGvURNvKDWLE�GvWLQ+HPvNHVrQJXQGKD\GDULQOrWXFDUMLELOvZDQNHVSrQHGL]DQv+DGvMvrGvELJLUvQJL\DZDQQLU[rQGvURNvGL]DQLE�1HELWHQrELJLULQJL\DZDQrGvGL]DQLE�NXHZQLU[rQGvURNvErMLNDUHVHWrQoDZDGHGDSDOvQH'LZrNrOL\rGHKrYL\D GHZOHPHQGL\rOrVDUE�:vFL\vMvZHNHFL\HNMLUr]rGLKLúr[ZHGHELFvNLU�NHWUL\DJXQG

1HGL[ZHVWoDYOLWHZOH\rELNHYH.XGvPHQDWHZOH\r\DErJDGLKDWEHUoDY[ZrGDQELVHUGLNHWÌQVDQZH[WrPLULQDvQVDQHNGLELKvVHWXFDUKvVQDNHNXHZPLUL\H%LDZD\HNHZvQVDQGLMv+DGvMvQHGL[ZHVWELSHMLUvQHNXKHUGXJrKDWLQHILURWLQ+rQHJLKLúWLE�SrúPDOEDYrZv[ZHVWDYDVHUELULMvQHVHUKHVWrQZvrJHUPùLNLUMLYvURMrUHH]MLNDU�EDUrJLUDQ[LODVE�PGHKHUHWHZOH\rGL]LYLVWDQrQGLUrM�ELMDQGHúHY�URMJLKDELNLúvQH7HH][LODVNLULPEL[rUNXWXELov³GHUYD´GLVDOrGHWXoHQGTXUXúDQMLPHUHELúvQvEHVvPH\HrPHoD\úHNLUFL[DUHDUGXU�Q�DUGKHEHEHVH

+DGvELNHQOLEDYr[ZH6RIvQLKrUv6RIvMvWrJLKLúWNXErND+DGvELNHQGL[ZD]H

oLMrUHELErMH6RIvGLJXQGGHZHNHNHVHNUDVWJRGLKDWHQDVvQ7XFDU\D[ZHGLGLOGHQHGLKLúWOr QLKDMLERNX+DGvOLEHU[ZHQHNHYHUrGLDYrWEHU%LTDVvUDVWJRWLQrQ[ZHELQHIVHNv�QHIVSLo�NWL\D[ZHMvGLKDWHQDVvQEHMQDELOLQG�TDOLQGQHGLKLúWELOH]WHYELJHUH*LUDQ]LYLUvEHUEL=HUv[DQYH4v]rrPHGXJDILURWGHNDO�NHNEvQHVHUMrELNH%LYDQJRWLQDQ[ZHVWUHQJOL=HUv[DQ MvYHELNH/rWXJRWLQGLOr=HUv[DQQHUPQHGLNLU-LKrOHNYHGLO[ZHúGLE�NXZrODZrZvELo�\D�[ZH[LODVELNLUDOLKrODGvMvMLEHUNXELovURNrQrQ o�E�QGL]DQvGLOOrELWHSHWHSE�%HOTLWL\rN�WvGHUGrWH�]LN*RW�GHQJOL+DGvNLU:HUHH]ELTXUEDQvúHYWXPrYDQrGD\LND[ZH\v

+DGvErKDOE�7XKDOSrUHQHPDE�NXUrELGHKHQHNrQ[ZHrQ

PHúK�U'HVWDYrWGHYL\DOLVHUGvZrU3DUoH\HNMrNLU�[LVWQDYGLGDQDQ/LGL\D[ZHEDYr[ZH�OLGHUL\r[rQvQLKrUvKHUNXGLILNLUvNXGrMLZrKHQJrú�QGHZrEDYGL\DSvUELWHYv[HP�rúrQ[ZHGLZrGHUL\rGHELNHWDQDKXQGLUGLSHOLVv�SLo�N

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 7/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

GLE�;HPOLZDQErQGHUo�\vQDZvMvPHYúHQDErGLGDQE�úvUHWrQNXGLYL\DOLGr�EDYr[ZHELNLUD\HNEL\HNGXEDUHNLU'D\rWX�[ZGrWXrGvDODNWLUvNrJLUrQHGvELQLKrUHH]QHOLYLULPNX MLQLúNDYHVHUGHELJLULQGrKXQSHUvúDQELQPHUHTDQQHNLQH]rMLZHUHGLUDYELúvQLP=LYLVWDQrELOD\HNMLWHUHQDQvELSLMvQH%LODELKHTEHEDYRWXMvTDULúv[rU�[HUDEL\DNHVvQHEH-L[ZHUHOLQLPrM�NDUr[ZHEvEHVvPH\H

=HUv[DQVrURME�NXNvVrúHNLUvQDYODOvVDMLSDúLOD[ZHGHGHU[LVW�[LVWGHVWr[ZH+DGvKHUNXGL]DQLE�GHZOHWMLERNXJHOYHELNLúvQHQLN[ZHoDYOLJLUrGDQDDODNWLUvNrGLJLUHMvGvVDMvVrFDUoDUFDUJLUrGDQDDODNWLUvNrELEvUDZDQ[LVWKrELNHQOLGL\D[ZHKHQHNNLU'D\rúHNLUrQWHGLSDúLODWHGHELNXUWNHWLQHDQQDJRW�GHVWDYrWVWX\rZr=HUv[DQELGLOWHQLNvOrYHJHUDQG0LQEL]DQLE�\DNX oDYrQPLQELNrUvWHWrQPLQroDYrQ[ZHGHUEL[LVWD�H]rMvPvQD(YGDOELML\DPD

+HUVrMvELFRú�[HPHN]LUDYUHGLPHúL\DQ+rVWUrQ=HUv[DQOLGLOr6RIvMvE�NDQDKLVWUrQJHUPOrZvQHGLKLúWELKHULNLQ+DGvGL[ZHVWML GLO�FDQYDQGHPrQWLMHELMvdXUL\DU�MLVRUDKL\rZHQGDE�E�-LKrOHNYHMvGLO[ZHúE�NXZrMLUL\DJLUWvJHKr

[LODVE�ED3LúWvNHWLQKRGH\DU�QLúNDQGLQrKHPvZrQH\rQOLGvZrUELZvZHNHELVWL\rQGDUDELKRNrrQEL EHUIr[HPLOvVDUGLKDW+HUNXELGDZL\DYrUrZLWL\rGL]DQvMvZHNHNXUL\HNEDúEHWHYGLJHUvKH\DZrGHPr/rWHZUrQZvrQYHúDUWRNHZDFL]GLNLULQ3LúWOLVHZNL\rHGLODQG�ZHNHGHUVGDUHNMLGr�EDYr[ZHUHD[LYv%DYRKXQMvGL]DQLQQr]voDUVHGNHVvMLYvJXQGvNRoEHUE�Q-LYDQDQr]vGXVHG�SrQFvNHVvo�Q)UDQVDÇQNXo�Q�KDWLQGLErMLQHZGHYHUMvJROHNHJHUvQHNHGLUDYrQNXMLNDUNHUL\DDYDGDQL\rWrZHUJLUWLQNXvQVDQKHELNHNZHNHvQVDQELMvWr[HUFNLULQ.X vQVDQKHUURMHULúWHEL[ZHLQFH[GLNDUHKLQHNGLUDYEHUKHYELNH

1HGLZrULE�KHUWLúWvYHErMH&DUQDJRWLQGLGHYGHWLUúGLE�FDUQDMvGvVDGDGLTXUWDQG6RIvOLVHUNXUVL\HNWH[WLNWH]EvGLGHVWGHGLKrQLMv=HUv[DQoDYOLGvZrUELJXVWvODGLWLOL\D[ZHGHGLOH\vVW'LGDZHWDZrGHoDUKHEoDULNrQ]vYDYrWLE�QVW�3LúWvQHYL\HNZrKDWLE�GXQ\D\rHZoDULNELWHYvPRUvNHNúvQGDE�Tv]D[ZHNXELDYrMHVWX\rGHUJ�úrKHZJXVWvOHNZrKHE�*XVWvOMvELGLUDYrNXMLKrNDQELGHVW[LVWLE�NLULE�%LODYDWvKrYvML+DGvNLU(]ELTXUEDQDWHH]WLúWHNMLWHUDGLErMLPWX[ZHKLUVQHNHPLULQKH\HPD\vQKH\HYvJXVWvODPLQWLNHWLOL\D[ZH

-LWLUVDHUGKHMrKHPvDYDKvMLGDUDQGLKDWLQorNLULQ;DQL\rQYvJXQGvMLErWRQrE�Q;DQL\rQELWHYDKvVHGPrWURELVHU�EHUE�QMLNXOvQKRODOvPDOKRGH\HNUDNHWLQr�KRGH\HNU�QLúNDQGLQrrQSLo�NSrNGLKDW-LEHU]LYLVWDQrQ[HGDU SDFHGXTDWE�Q3DFH\DKRGH\DU�QLúNDQGLQrFDPHNMrúNHVWLE�+DGvSLúWvEHUELSDFH\rYHPHúL\DúHUPNLUNXSDFH\HNQ�QHVWDQGLE�*RWLQDGL\D[ZHErEHUVLYKLúW�[ZHDYrWKHPEr]D

EDYr[ZH%DYRH]GL]DQLPWXoLTDVMLGL\D PLQKH]GLNv/rGvVDMvH]ELTXUEDQDWHWXGLOrGL\DPLQQHúLNrQv6RIvUrGLDYrWEHU-LKrOHNYHMvGLELQWHOLNGHVHUr[ZHGL[XUDQG%DEDZRWXMLPLQUHSHUH\DQELúvQHSHUGHZHOHH]rGL\DWHELNLEDE�]HEHúDQ[ZHGvELNLPOL=HUv[DQ]LYvUvKrGLUrMDKvGDD[DIWLQrHZMLWDPDPLQKH]GLNH%LWvUTvQD+DGvUH=HUv[DQSHNDQGVHU6RIv1HúvQELWHúvQHQHMvúDKvELWHúDKL\HHYoL\HWXNHWvEHUEHUoXYLWL\DQ5rúL\rQODoLNDVLSvMLVHUoDYDQGHGDDOvSrúDIvVWDQrJHZUEHUKHYNLUOLEHMQD+DGvPr]HNLUELD[vQHNVDUUH�GvVDELIHGvD[LYv/DZRUL\DWHUL\D5HV�Or(NUHPEHWHKD\ML[ZHKHEHGLErMLQOLZDQGHUDQKLQTv]KHQHELGX[RUWDQGLNHYLQG�UD[ZvQDZDQWHYOv[ZvQD[RUWDQGLEHOrYGDEHUJH]DQ1HGLZrULE�JRWLQDPLULQrELOrYELNH

*XQGMLEHUNXQr]vQDYoH\rE�[RUWrQJXQGVDO\DQ]GHKPHK�QvYOLQDYoH\rE�Q+HZELTDVvSDQ]GHKURMDQJLKDGLoLQvQGLGLUXWLQ-L³PRGH´\rELJLUHKH\DE�\HUrQURMDQH�Qr]LNWrGD\vQrQUDP\DUvMvGLúRSDQGLQ&LZDQUr�UroLNrQSvUDQrQMLIHRGDOv]Pr

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 8/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

GLSLúNLYvQQHGLúRSDQGLQ-LKHUJRWLQrQZDQUH´HUr´GLJRWLQOrKHUWLúWEL\D[ZHGLNLULQ*RWLQrQGL\D[ZHOL[ZHJHUPNLU&DUrGLTHKZH[DQH\rGHELTDVvSrQFNHVOLVHU)UDQVDD[LYvE�Q+DGvMvOLZDQNHVDQE�E�PrYDQ-r\HNMLEHUNXErGHVW�UE�\HMLDOvSROvVrQIUHQVHZvYHKDWL\HúDQGLQ:H[WrHZNHVELYDQJRWLQDQD[LYvE�KHUNHVvJXKOrILUHKNLULE�´:D[WrOLYLUTDODQDYovSDQGLNLULQH]GvQ�KDUGLE�P(]o�P)UDQVDODZrPHWLNDPLQUR\DSrúvH]ELULPµNDPSDWD]v�U�WDQ¶QDYDGLOrPLQOLKHYNHWOLNXE�H]

YHGLULúL\DPOL EHUZDQPvQDEHUDWHGLKHML\DPrUDQvELPLQUHQHPDrGv´+HOEHW+DGvQLNDULE�YDQJRWLQDQMLGL\D[ZHUHELJRWD/rSLUEL[ZHEDZHUZLKDEHUVLYGDGL\D[ZH'DNLOrrrPDOLZLUMvvQVDQKHQHML\DQKH\HQHJDUDQH KHPDNvELGHVWNvNHWHYTDV[HP�rúrQPHKHQH

6RIvGHVWGDEHU[ZHUDE�VHUSL\DQELNrOHND[ZHJLUW´R\\R\´JRWGHVWELGLD�ODYDKL\DQNLU´.XUrPLQH]QLKDELGLOrSDTLMGLoLPGHVWPrMGLJLULP�QLPrMGLNLP+rYL\DPLQMLUHErPLQHZKrYL\HNXWXFDUNHYLUOLEHUQLJrWHQDNHYH´=HUv[DQGHQJr[ZHrQHUPKrQHUPNLU7HZQLPrMDWHOLWD\rWHQH\rWX[ZHGrMvQDVQDNv+HUGX\DQMvoLTDVUH[QHOLKHYELNLUDQDMvELKH]NLULQHNHPH]LQKHYXGXGLKHZDQGLQ6RIv

oLTDVKrUVELNHWDMvJRWLQD[ZH\DZHNH´%rEDY´ELNDUGLDQv1LKDMvELZrJRWLQrGHVWSrNLU´%rEDYrWLúWDQHUDVWEHH]roLPDGHVWGD\QLP'HZHOHUDVWvOL]RUD[ZHGrMvKHUHH]rELErMLP

%LoLUvQDGHUL\rGHUYHUH=HUv[DQPvQDNXMLELQEDUGHUNHWLEHELEDOHNHVLYLN�ELWHZUrQDVDQML+DGvUHGLD[LYv'HvMDMLGL\D[ZHUDELErMHH]TH\oLELNLPoDQWrWH".DH]MLEvUYDQHNLPEHUL\DKHUWLúWvYDQúHNLUDQELNLPErUvNDoDQWH*RWEr\vOLEHQGDEHUVLYD+DGvELPvQH´\D*RúNDU%DYD´JRW�UDE�VHUSL\DQ

7vUTvQEL+DGvNHW´'D\r WHJRW\DNv"´*RúNDU%DYDOL1DYoH\rZHNHU�PHWGDUHN $OHZL\DQGLKDWH]DQvQ=HUv[DQEr[HP�ELYDQJRWLQDQvQVDQHWvGDSrúL\DKHUWLúWv'HNvGLEHNrIDZv\HvQVDQvQVDQEHEHVH+DGvGL\D[ZHOLKHPEr]D[ZHúLGDQG%LErYLODGL\D[ZHJLUW�EDGD+rVLUELoDYrQZrNHWLQOrZrGvVDMv³D\´QHJRW%LGHVWr+DGvJLUWWLOL\rQZv\HNEL\HN[LVWGHYr[ZHMLGLO�FDQPDoNLU-LKrOHNYHMv[HPrQ[ZHGHUGLNLU+H\DQLKDPLQELGHVW�SrúD[ZHGDEHUKHY.DoHUE�YD\HWXMvGLKHUv*LúPDEr[ZHGvdHQGWDV�NHYoL\rQDOHPLQ\�PrQGLQDYTDUWRQvGHUr+DGvGD(]ELTXUEDQH]GHVWQDGLPYDQDKH\DWXEL[rUKDWv7X�MLQD[ZHSHYUHGLYDQDGHGv]EL[ZLQ/LG�JRWLQrQGL\D[ZH+DGvFDUHNHGvoDYOLKRGH\rJHUDQGdHQGTDWQLYvQrQMLKLUL\r/LVHUUHIDQGXTXú[DQH\rQGRUOrUHúoHQGNHYoL\rQTHODOrQHPD\vNHYoL\HNGDULN/LHUGDPDOrFLOrQJHOrUv/LKHURGH\HNVHZNL\HN/LKRGH\DSLo�NNHZDUDDUG/LVHUNHZDUroHZDOHNELU[XU+LQHNMvGDQ�VHUKrU.vVHNSLo�NNXWrGH vVRWDK�US�QJDKLúNQLKDGLGHVW=HUv[DQGHE�:rKDYvQrKHPvPDVL\rQNX+DGv

DQvE�SDTLMNLULE�/LEHUWDYr[ZrSrZHUNLULE� �KLúNNLULE�3LúWvZHNHDUGKrUDE�GLNvVHNQD\ORQvGHYHúDUWLE�=LYLVWDQrGLURMrQVDUGHKLQHNDUGrPDVL\DQWHYOvúRUEH\rGLNLUùRUEH\DNXZrDPDGHGLNLUQDY�GHQJGDE�'HVWDYrWJLUr\DNvVYHELNH+DGvSLUVv'D\rWH[rUH"+DKDH]KHPDKLQHNrDUGrPDVL\DQELNLPoDQWrWHFDUQDWHYOvGv]�[ZDULQDQELNH+DGvGvWNXZrKrJHOHNHZ�GL\D[ZHKHYXGXELELQ�EvQLQNXUWELUv'D\rNXWXQD[ZD]vGLOrPLQELrúvQvELKrOHH]oDQWH\r [ZHDPDGHELNLP'HVWDYrWJXVWvODZrJXVWvO[LVWWLOL\D[ZH%LYrWHZUrUHPLUD]rGL\D[ZHELFvDQLE�=HUv[DQELGLO[ZHúvNHWUL\DGHUvNXELoHT�WELGHO�N�PLULúNDQ+DGvKHZSD[DYELJXVWvO[LVWLE�'XúDSLNGXvúOLJGXGHUSrKHYDONLUDVHN�IDQLUH\HN[LVWoDQWH'HUSL\rNXGL\DZvErUvNHN

SrYHNLULE�GDWDQvVHUJLúNDQ:rGLUDYrQ]rGHEL[LVWDZrErUvNr�GHYrGHUSrWRSOvELNLUD+HPvKRGH\DQVHNLUErNDSLUW�NNDVHWDQMvUHúEHOHNrQNX MLEvUYHNLULEHKHQHDQQD%HUL\DGXURMDQKHPvNDVHW�SLUW�NrQ[ZHGDE�KHYDOHN[ZHdHQGURME�NX

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 9/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

QHGL[ZHVWGLOGDUD[ZHELEvUEvQHMvNDVHWDQLKDGLGHVWGHGLOGDUDZvELEvUDZvDQv'LOGDUDZvOLQDYoH\rGLML\D.DVHWZHNHSDUoH\HNSHPE�GLGHVW[ZHGHPLVGD/LVHUoRQJDQW�QGGD'HQJrSH\DPrMLWrOHIRQDErUvNrGHKDW3H\DPMLKHYDOHNZvE�NXHZMvEvVWURME�NHWLE�UrOrWXFDUIHUVHQGQHGvWLE�NXGHUEDVEH3H\DPELNXUGvE�´5L\HNEDúKH\HELWLUrOrSrQFKH]DUPDUNOD]LPH+HUUrE�\HUL\DJ�QHoH6WHQEROZHUHÌ]PvU´

3LúWvrULúD5H]EHUrJHOHNUHIrQNHWLE�QUL\D(ZU�SDQLNDULE�QELo�QD'LJXQG

GHEHUL\D+DGvúHúKHEFLZDQrQGvMvMLERNXELoLQOLÌ]PvUE�Q.HVrQGLQDYEHUD$UQDZLW�ÌWDO\D\rGHIHWLVvE�QMvOLQDYoH\DUrGDE�Q[RIr%r\vZDQúHúNHVDQGLZrGHPrGHWX[RUWHNMLSDQ]GHKVDOvPH]LQWLUGLJXQGrVHG[DQHGHQHPDE�1HIHWLVDQGLQQHMvrú� GHUGrGLUrGHDQMvrúrQOL)UDQVDEDQGRUOL+DGvQHGLNLU(ZGLZrWDWvUrGHE�NXSHUHELGHVWúHEHNH\DQELNHWD�HZMvQHo�ED(YvKWLPDOGLGLOGHE�E�EDKR]HNJHOL\DQ*HUovKHUNHVvUrOLYvvKWLPDOrELUvE�OLQDYoH\rSHUHGDWDQvQQLN]rUHYDQDQ+HZNHVrGLo�ELTDVvVrVHGPDUNOLVHU[ZHGLKLúW.XSH\DELoX\DÌWDO\DNHVrQúHEHNH\DQSHUHZHUGLJLUW5Dvo�EXKD\ro�\vQrGLZrZH[WrGHVrKH]DU�SrQFVHGPDUNE�3rQFVHGPDUNNHVrQ NXMLZDQUH³H\D[ov´GLKDWHJRWLQNXZHNHEHUGHVWrQúHEHNH\DQGL[HELWvGLJLUWLQ3HUH\rQGvMvGLJLKLúWVHUNDUrQZDQ3HUH\r+DGvoDUKH]DUPDUNJLKLúWLE�KHY:vZHNHNHVrQGvSHUHGDQDQvQLNNHVv6rKH]DUPDUNNLUErUvNDEL GHUSrYH+H\úVHGPDUN

NLUErUvNDOLVHUKHYDONLUDV�GXVHGPDUNMvNLUErUvNDúDOrNRW6HGPvO\RQOvUH\rWLUNGDE�EDYr[ZH%r\vEDYr[ZHSrQFvPvO\RQOvUHMvGDE�GL\D[ZH/rGL\DZvEr\vKD\ZvMrKHEHHZSHUHMvGDE�6RIvGDNX]H[vUHZHUELJLUH

1rUvQrQWHYOvKHY\HNEL\HNGLKLúrZvGHYHGLGD�HZVHZVGLNLU%LoHSLOroDQWHJLUWWDWrGHKHE�DYrWGvZrU�GHUNHWGHUYH6RIvQHo�E�GHVWPrMr:vO�NVHUMrNLULE��=HUv[DQMvGLNXoLN GHDJLUYr[LVWLE�5RMOLNXE�oL\DGLDYrWSDú[ZH4LUovQDGDULNDQMLDJLUGLKDW6RIvNXoDYOL+DGvNHWNrUGLNHYLUGDGDNXW�MEH%RQDUrOLD[DIWLQD+DGvELJLUHUL\DNDUUrZvGD.D[RUWRWXMvWHQHNH\rGD\QHVHUDJLUELODJHPDUvSrUHQHPvQH+DGvJRWLQDKDWLE�EHUGHYUDQHJLUW7HGvVDEL\D[ZHNLUQHFDUrWLúWHNELGDOLTHKLúrWHPDvPNDQHNXWXELFvQH\Qv*LúSHYUHNHQL\DQ3LúWvJRúWDYrWLQVHUWHQHNH\rErKQEHODYE�=HUv[DQMLEHUErKQDOLFvUDQDQEHODYGLE�EL[HPE�%LGHQJHNQL]P3LúWvSLML\DKLQHNELNLQWDVrELGLQPHOHJRWOrMLJRWLQD[ZHSRúPDQE�SLúWvEHUVLYD6RIv'HH]ELNLPGHYrPHOHoLPHOH\HoLKDOHOrPDHúr ZvKH\HTXUDQDZDQE�\HND[L]rQMLMRUGHWr'rOYDZvGHELGHUHEHQHNGv+DGvGDULNrGLGHVWGHNXUXVDQQDYDUrEL]RW+LQHNMvELJD]LQGUH[QHOL6RIvJLUW%DYRWXMvKH\DQHovVHUGDQL\DQDYovSrQ[ZHWXJRWLQrQDErMvúHUPH[ZHGrMrUD]v

*XQGOLNDú�EHUZDUHNQHDVrKDWLE�DYDNLULQ-LEHUOHKL\rQELKDUr[HWHNOLD[rYHE�E�'LZr[HW�úD[rGH]DURNHNELOLQJDQYHNHWLE�QDYKHUL\r%LJLUvQD]DURNUH

6RIvGHQJOL[ZHELOLQGNLU4v]rTv]rrrOHODZRNDNHVWXQH\HUHEHQrMLZrKHUL\r[LODVELNH"(ZKrGLD[LYv+DGvJLKLúWNHoLNrMv+DGvNHoLNQDVQHNLU(ZGDVHUKHUGXGHVWr[ZH�EHUELNXoLNYHPHúL\D=HUv[DQoDYOLNHoLNNHWELoDY�ELUL\DQML+DGv[ZHVWNX]DURNEHUHGHGDNXHZELoH+DGvPHWHOPD\vSLUVvdL\HGD\rFDHZTDVWHPDQHEH:vMLGL\D[ZHIrPQHNLU=HUv[DQELKLQFHWDJRúWWHYELGHQr]vZvE��ELSLVWHSLVWúvUHWOrNLU1DEHU[rPQDH]QHGLWDWvUDFLWL\HN�SDUoH\HNJRúWGHPHHZ]DURND)HUPDOv\H:v�EDYrWHZrURMrKHYXGXUH]vONLULQ%DYrWHSrELKHVHZrvFDWDQELNH.HQHNELGHQJEL+DGvNHW+r6RIvOLZvQH]LYvUvE�UD]DGL\D[ZHWHTDQG%DYRWXSrGL]DQvHY]DURNDoDUVDOvGLMPLQDWH\H

6RIv[ZvQDELNrUrYHPDE�MvELSDoLNrOLVHUELVWL\rGDUDVLSvQGDUrSDTLMNLU�ELVHUJrMHNv´+rrr´JRW�OLNHoLNrQLKrUv%LEHUWHNL\D+DGvGL]DQLE�/HZPDMv[ZHOLJRWLQrQHNLU[ZHGv

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 10/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

'H[ZHGrEHOD[ZHELGH)HUPDOvHKQHWXvQVDQHOR&DUrWHYLU�ELYLUr[ZHOL[HUDEL\rGD\H

*RWLQD³PH[VR´ JRWLQHNELZrMv\HNXOLJXQGMLERQDNHVrQNXúHODIL\rGLNLQOLG�ODORVv�HZDQWL\rQHGLKDWELNDUDQvQ´0H[VR´JRW3DUoH\HNSLo�NMLVHUWHQHNH\rZHUJLUW�GDGHVWNHoLNr'LOr+DGvGHPD:vUDKLúWFLWL\HNPH]LQ�GDGHVWNHoLNr�úvUHWOLNHoLNrNLU

9L\DMvOLPDOEL[HQDYQDQEL[ZH-LEvUYHPHNHELErMHNDOR6RIvGDPLQ*RWLQDGDZvOL[ZHúD6RIvQHo�UH[QHOL+DGvJLUW(UrEDEDZRWXODZr4XOL[DQ%HJr\v4XOv[DQ%HJVHUHNrrOHNOLGHUGRUrE�\H+DGvQHNXELUDVWvKvQELEHErNDTXOv[DQ%HJNv\HMLERNXGLOrEDYr[ZHDVDQELNHSLUVv%DYHZNvE�\H"(]oL]DQLPHPELVHUrJHOHNDQVRQGMvGLNLQOrHPQL]DQLQErNDHZNvE�QH

6RIvGL FLZDQWL\D[ZHGHMLPDODEHJUHo�\HSDOHWL\r+H\DrYDUvHZELUovPDQHÇYDUvKHPvSDOHOLEHQGD%HJPDQHGDNXEHJEr�MLZDQUH³HIHULP´ELErMH-L[H\Qv6RIvWXNHVQHTHKLUL\H%r\vNXGHVWKHTELGLQZDQGLVHUGHMv PHOrYH\HNEHJKDWL\H�ELVHUZDQGHTLUL\D \H3DOHWL\DMLEHJUHOLJRUvZvGHPrU�PHWE�\H-LZrURMrGH6RIvOLEHJDQELQHIUHWE�:H[WrSH\YDEHJMLGHYGHUNHWUHQJOrTLPLWv

/LVHUVLIUH\r6RIv�=HUv[DQORTDQGLGRQrJRúWGLGDQ[ZHELZvDZD\vELOvGLNLULQGDNX+DGvJRúWEL[ZHKDGvMvKHUFDUvFL\rQHUPHGLGDGHVW\HNv=HUv[DQMLKrOHNYHMvZHNHODZR[ZHELúvQHUrZLWL\HNELYHJHUOL+DGvGLQLKrUH;ZHMLKHQDVH\rQD[vQDQ[LODVGLNH'LGLOGHGLD�ODYDKL\DQUr]GLNH

6RIvEr\vQLPrMELNHELSLúvQVHUvGDE�[HZr3rúDVLIUH\rPDE�GLELQoRQJr6RIvGH=HUv[DQQH[ZHVWZvúL\DUELNHdHQGFDUDQKHZOGDNXEr\vZvúL\DUELNHVLIUH\rYHNLúvQHMvELVHUQHNHW:rGvPHQrovURNHNHJHOrUvELEvUD+DGvDQv+DGvELGHKDQúHYDQELJXKGDUNLULQDZrovURNrUHVHUvGDWDQLE�VHUoRQJrQ=HUv[DQ�UD]DE�+rGvNDVHUvGDWDQvVHUoRQJrGL\D[ZH-LERZvJXKGDUvNLULQDovURNrZrEvUDQvQDKHUvEHGHZE�\D=HUv[DQWLOv[LVWQDYDSRUDZv+DGvQHUPHUP´GD\rWLúWHNNrPD´JRW

dLEHU[rP"dvURN.vMDQovURN"7XGL]DQv=HUv[DQGHVWELYHJRWLQDovURNDNXELKXPDQv]PD\rGDJLUWvNLU'LovURNrGH

GrPDUL\HNIHQOLNHoLNrGLNHNHoLNURMHNGL[HZQGHE�\HGrPDUvPDUEHUGD\HTLULNDZr+HUNXGLoH]LNOLNHoLNrPH]LQGLEH'rPDUvQLJGLGHVHUVWX\rEDYrGDNXZrMLPDOGHUvQHOHZUHOLJRUGrPDUvNHoLNr]LNr[ZHWLMHNLUL\HDQJRGXFDQ�]vVWDQH%DYMvNHoLNGLGHGHVWELUD\r[ZHGDNXZrELEHOLSDúKHIWoL\D\DQELNXMH�[ZvQDZrGLSrMJvUD[ZHELGH�MrUHEvQH0DPNHoLNELUL\H.HoLNEHWLOL\H6HUvGDWDQL\HVHUoRQJDPDP�UDNHWL\H0DPNrUGHU[LVWL\HOrGHVWQHo�\HZrELNXMH%r\vNLQFr[ZHMLELQVHUrZr

YHELNLúvQHSrúDNLQFMrNLUL\HdLYvNHNNXúWL\H[ZvQDZrGLSrMJvUGD\H�]LYLUv\HdvURNZDQvGLGRPH7HZUrQGL\D[ZHúLEDQGLE�WHZUrQPDPrNHoLNrNXELKH]NLULQHNWvUGDJLUWv

E�dvURNKr QHTHGL\DE�+DGvMvNHWLE�[HZQHNHúvUvQ;HP�GHUGrQ=HUv[DQZHNHKHUFDUvSLúWvKHUNHVUDGLNHWGLVHUKHYGHGLNHOvQLKD

EL[ZHZHNH;HFVHUr+DGvMvOLVHUoRQJDQZHNHVHUr6L\DEHQOrZrQHGLKLúWKLVWLUGDSDOLQVHUoDYrQ +DGv+HUoLTDVGLELVWDQrQZDQrQEL]LPDQrZDQVvQHPDúDQR\rQNXHZWHPDúHELNLQWXQHE�MvGvURNrKHUWLPGHUL\r[H\DODQOLZDQYHNLUvKLúWLE�ZrJHKWD\rQSRUDKDGvGLúLEDQGTLUúLNHNGLGHYoLYvNHNrGHJHKMvGLúLEDQGWDMLovPHQDOLGHYrúDYL\rQ]R]DQrQ6HUKHGr'LDGLNLUML[ZHGrKH\D0HOHNr7DZL]-LDJLUKH\DWLUvMDURMrMLDYrKH\DSHUr5HV�Or(NUHP

dLTDVGLNHZLMvHZTDVDVvWDOLK�U�SL]�UMDQGLGD\rSDUoH\rQDQNLUGHYr[ZHZHNHPLúNHNELGLUDQrQNXKHU\HNMLKrOHNYHSDUoHE�E��UHúE�E�SrNHWGDNXELF�/L6RIvQLKrUvKHZOGDNXúL\DUELNHOrGHVWQHo�:r�6RIvJHOHNWLúWNHYQNLULE�Q

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 11/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

OrKH]NLULQDZDQKHUWLPMLZDQUHKr]E�GLJXQGHMvKHUGXZHNHPvQDNGLKDWLQGHVWQvúDQNLULQ6RIvNX[HZDZvKLQHNMvMLNDOWL\rVLYLNE�ELKLQLMDQGLQHNUH oDYOLZDQYHNLU:HNHNXOLERUvQEL[ZD]H0vUDWr[HZrOLNXSrúNDUvPLQE�+DGvUDNHW"(]QL]DQLPMLGHVWrWHKHULPNXGHUrWX\rQLKDODZLNKrúDUELNv

6RIvGL[ZHVWrGvUrOLGLOWHQLNL\DZrWHQJELNH

4v]rGHEHVHrWHMvrGvPDGHUJ�úHúLNLUPH]LQE�\HrGvNDOLYLUELVHNLQHZroLELNH:HUQHErMHZHOHPLQEL]DQLE�\DURMHNWLúWQD\rVHUvPLQSDUVDKHIWZHODWDQELNLUDMvPLQHZQHGLúDQGGHU�GHUW�OrQEL\DQ0HMvKLQHN]rGHJXKGDTLVH\rQ[HONr0DOLNOLQLIúDPH]LQ[LUDEEHKXQMLVLEH\rKH\DrYDUvOLVHUPDVH\DQQHNDUQHMvúX[XOHNTLVHOLTLVH\r]rGHGLNLQùHUGLQDYEHUDGHZOHWr�FLZDQDQGH\HKXQMvOLG�KH\IrQ[ZHrQUL]vQH(]QL]DQLPNvQDYr+DGvGHU[LVWSL\DVH\r(]oLGL]DQLP[ZDU]L\rPHvUREDQJOLPLQNLUMLPLQUHJRW[DORMLQrH]KrYvMLZHGLNLPKXQODZLNELúvQLQELODELoHOLVHUPDVH\roHQGUXVSL\DQGvVDWHYQMLER+DGvOLGDUGL[LVWLQ

6RIvMLKrOHNYHVHUvGLKHMDQGMLDOvGvYHMvGHVWDYrWVDKDQDNXWrGHJRúW[ZDULE�Q-LYHJHUDMLDOvPDOrGHQJHNELOLQGOL+DGvNLU5DEHODZrPUDEHGL\DWHGvVDVHGNXO�GHUGOLKHYUr]NLUL\H

=HUv[DQMvKrYL\D[ZH\DMLGLOrWHQLNELUvQHGL[ZHVWELYvKDZvEDQGRUOLODZr[ZH MvELNH+rGvNDGHVWOLVHUoDYrQ+DGvJHUDQG+DGvMLQLúNDYHUDE�VHUSL\DQ´+XQKrUDQHNHWLQH´JRW�o�DYrELDYrMHVHUoDYrQ[ZH'HUNHWGHUYH3DUoH\HNMLFLODNXOHUvDYrWVHUHUGSLúWOLGvZDUDVrNLU�MLoDYDQGHQrUvQEHUHGDQDVR=HUv[DQKrGvKrGvGHUvYHNLUELODYDWv´ùHYHEHU[rPvQVDQoLGL]DQHKH]DUor�[LUDEKHQH-L[ZHrWHMvPD vúHY´JRW�OLQLNZvU�QLúW7HEDWvQHJLUW&LO�NLQFrQúXúWLE�DYrWLE�VHUGHYL\rQOLVHUGvZDUrGLQDYEHUDUr�[rQvGH5DE�o�\HNEL\HNGHVWGDJLúNDQÇQNX]LZDE�E�QKLOJLUW/LJXQGWXNHVvNHOvúRDQJRNDQrQNvP\HZvrQSDTLMNLULQrELNDUQHGLDQv.LQFGvVDZHNHKHUFDUvSLUSDTLME�Q=HUv[DQMvJRWLQDKHUFDUvGLJRWGXEDUHNLU7HDYDJXQGGLWL\HNLQFZHUSDTLME�QHPvQD]rUGLELULTLQ

%LWHQrQHNLQFOLYvJXQGvQHKHZFH\vGLUDQúXúWLQrE�MvGLUDQOLKHUNHVvGLELULTvMLELOvrQNXFL[DUHGLNLúDQGLQ

=HUv[DQNLQFrQEHUKHYNLULE�GDWDQvEHU+DGv+DGvGHVWDYrWNLQFDQNXELEHKXQGLU=HUv[DQQHKLúW.DH]KLQHNGvOLFHPODZr[ZHU�QrP7LúWELNLQFDQQD\r

+DGvFL[DUHYr[LVW%LD[vQHNUHUrGDJRWLQDQ'D\rFDOLYv[ZHúL\rPr]HELNHWHKvYGLWL\HPvQDWDVHN]rUvQWDYGD\HoL\D\r/HJOHJr

0HWX[rUMLYvJXQGvQHGvWPDKXQ"/L)UDQVD]DUrQJXQGOLFL\HNGLPvQLQQDYrZvFL\vMv³JXQGrMRUr´OrNLULQH=HUv[DQKLQHNGvQr]v+DGvE�.XODGLGLOGHPDE�MLKDGvSLUVvOLJXQGrZDQr

NHYQELTDVvVHGPrWURG�Uv [LUDEH\DQPH\WHNKDWLE�YHúDUWLQ=HUv[DQKHUNXGLo�JXQGrNHYQDYOLJRULVWDQrYHGLUHúDQG-rUHGLDGLNLUKrGLKDWdLTDVovURNrQúHUGLKDWLQYHJRWLQHZWLUEELEvUDZrGLKDW-LNHVrQNXKrMvOLJXQGrQNHYQGLPDQrQNXELZDQEHOHGE� MLJLúNDQSLUVvE�ErNDNHVvHZrDGLJRUrGHGvWLE�DQQD:HNHPLUD]HNPDE�GLGLOGHQDYrZvrEL]DQLE�\DZHODWGr�EDYEL]DQLEDGrZr[HEHUELGDZDQ'HKVDOE�NXGLGLOGHPDE�:HNHFDUDGDZvML +DGvSLUVNLU.HNRD[LUWHWXWLúWGHUEDUrZrWLUErGHQHELKvVWQH"1DGD\r

(YEHUVLYDNXUWEDOD=HUv[DQYHNLúDQGOrELVHUGHQHo�5rOLVRKEHWrJXKHUDQGdLTDVJXQGrNHYQOL[ZHúDvQVDQELoHMvHYJXQGrKDSLU[ZHúHJLúKrúLQDKvDYGLKXQGLUGHSDTLMv

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 12/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

'LHUGKHMDEHUL\DVv�SrQFVDODQGHZHNHKHPvQDYoH\rOLJXQGrZDQMvJHOHNNHVPLULE�Q'LQDYJXQGGHoLELNLUDQDMvGLQDYoH\rGHPrOGDUL\DKHYXGXGLNLULQ%HUL\DúHU]HYWDZDQ OLVHUQDYoH\r�KHUNHVvKHE�:HNHJXQGKRYEHUGLKDWHELQDYNLULQ7XFDUUD]�E�\HUrQGLJXQGGHMvMLNHVrQGHUHNHUHYHQHGLJRWLQ'LKLOELMDUWLQHNrGHEHUHQGDPHNPHE�VL\rVR]GDE�ZDQNXELKDWDKLOELMDUWLQGrMLZDQUH[DQvDYDELNLUD(Z vQVDQZHNHPHE�VKDWLE�KLOELMDUWLQ�JXQGMLZDQUHKDWLE�DYDNLULQ'LJXQGrNHYQGHMv

KrELTDVvoLO[DQH\vNHVGLPDQ.XNHV�[DQH\rQNRoEHUNLULE�QELKDWDMLPDULWQOLNXE�úrQvELTDVvúrQL\rQDYoH\HNE�3LúWvúHUFLZDQKHUDGHW�WRUH\rQIHRGDOGDWDQLE�QDOL\HN1DNRNL\HNGLQDYEHUDFLZDQDQ�NDO�SvUDQGH[ZHGDE�GHU3HYo�QQHPDE�%HUL\DúHUMvELTDVvSrQFvVDOvE�PrUQHKDWLE�NXúWLQ*XQGrQQr]vQDYoH\rKHUWLPErWLUEHUL\DúHUJXQGL\rQG�UvQDYoH\rúHUPH]DUGLNLULQNXZDQMLERWLúWrQSLo�NPrUGLNXúWLQ

*XQGrNXQLKDHZOrGLML\DQELTDVvGXNvORPrWURMLQDYoH\rG�UE�ÇGv]DURNrQúHúVDOvMvELWHQDVHUr[ZHGLPHúL\DQ�GLo�QQDYoH\r%D]DUDQDYoH\r�NDU�EDUrQDYoH\rMvGLGHVWZDQGHE�.HVrQNXQHGL[HELWvQMv]DUR\rQZDQML)UDQVDMLZDQUHGLUDYGLúDQG'LJHOHNPDODQGHrGvTROWL[SHUGH\rQVLSv�WHQLNKH\DPDNvQH\DNLQFúXúWLQrJH]JH]LN�PHONHVrQPDNvQH\vKHE�

'LSrYDMR\DúHUGHGHZOHWMvELVHUJXQGGHQHGLo�GLJXQGGHEHUL\DKHUNHVvNHVrQMLML\DQDIHRGDOrúNLúDQGLE�DQMvQH[ZHGvoRYE�QQHMv[ZHGvGLUDYE�QSLúWJLUL\DZHODWSDUr]DQNLU-LPDOEDWDNXGLJXQGGHGHUEDUrKHUWLúWvGHELU\DUZHUGLJLUWFDUDSrúv\HNo�oL\D/LYLUHPGLNDULQELEvUEL[LQNXGLVDOrQQRGvGHMLNHVrQ[L]DQ�ELQGHVWL\DML\DQDIHRGDOMvZDQSHUvúDQNLULE�ErWLUNHVrQGHZOHPHQG�IHRGDOELDZD\rQF�UEHF�USLúWJLUvGDQWrNRúvQrOHZUHHZGLILNLUvQNXZrGHVWKLODWGDUvGLGHPHNHNLQGHELNHYHGHVWrNXUGDQ�GLYL\DHZMLGHVWKLODWGDUL\rErSDUQHPDQDKHWDUDVWHUDVWJHUHGvVDELNHWDGHVWrZDQ'HZOHWELVHUGHQHGLo�OHZUHGL]DQLE�NXJXQGFDUrELVHUUrELNHYHEDQGRUOLKHPvQDYoH\rMvGLNH'LKHPvSvUR]EDKL\rQJHOrUvGHFLZDQrQJXQGFvZHUGLJLUWLQOLJXQGúDKvOLGDUGL[LVWLQ'LJHUPDKL\DúHUGHHYZDQvE�3LúWvNXúHUKDWHUDZHVWDQGLQGHZOHWrMvKrGvKrGvGHVWDYrWJXQG'LGHPHNZDQvGHoDU[RUWo�E�QoL\D(Yo�\vQMLER+DGvUL\D(ZU�SDE�

1HELWHQrNHVrQYvJXQGvKHPvNHVELWHYvoDQGDNXVHGFDUvU�ZHUJLUWLE�� ML\DQHNH[DvVMvKHUNHVKHUWLPOLKHPEHUNHVrQNXMLERZDQNHGGDE�QELUr]�UroLNE�Q'L7HUWHOH\Dùr[DQGHMLJXQGKLQHNNHVKDWLE�QGDOLTDQGLQ-LFL\rNXHZKDWLE�QYHúDUWLQUH0H]HOr.XúWL\DQGLKDWHJRWLQ-LSLo�NDQKH\DPH]LQDQHZQDYELKXUPHWELOrYGLNLU+HUE�\HUHNGvURNvELWLúWHNKDWL\HUHP]NLULQdvURN�MDQrQZDQE�\HUDQMLQLIúHNGLKHULNHQLIúDGv&DUQDMvE�\HUHNGLEHVHGHPNXKHUNHVFDUHNGvU�SHOOLZDQE�\HUDQYHELNHEHUL\DGHKVDODQ\HNNX EDYrZvGL0DKDFLUL\DÓULVGHZHQGDE�\HOL(GHQH\rGHUNHWKROr/r]LPrQZvKrMvGLJXQGGHE�Q:HNHEDYrZvELGHKDQNHVZHQGDE�QHKLQMrOL(UPHQvVWDQrGHUNHWLQKLQMrMvOLPHWURSROrQWLUNL\H\r+DGv�=HUv[DQMvGL

VL\DGDUrQVLSvQGDUrGHGHUEDUrPDOEDWDQDYERUvGHGLD[LYvQ-LKHUoDU]DUR\rQGHUNHWLE�QoL\rMr\HNMv]DUR\rZrPDOEDWrE�%HUL\DúHUMvNHVrQZrPDOEDWrTDULúvWXNHVvQHGLE�Q+HUNXPDOEDWHNEHUILUHKE�MvWXFDUoDYrQZDQQHOLGHVWKLODWGDUL\DJXQGE�3LúWJLUv�DOvNDUL\HNPH]LQGDE�Qµ]DUR\DQ¶.HVHNMLZDQMvJLUWvE�'LJXQGGHKLQPH]LQDQ MLZDQUH´PDODNHUDQ´GLJRW9rQDYrKDMvMLPDKDFLUL\rZHUJLUWLE�QZH[Wr2VPDQvKHUWLúWvWHYOvKHYGLNLQ(UPHQrULúGLELQVHUZvJXQGvMv+HPvJXQGvJXQGGLWHULNvQLQGLEH]LQ.HVrQZrPDOEDWrJXQGQDWHULNvQLQHZEDZHUL\D[ZH EL(UPHQDQWvQLQNXGrTDULúvZDQQHELQOHZUHNLUvYDWL\DZrPDOEDWr�(UPHQDQMvKHE�\H+HPvNHVvPDOEDWrGLNLQJRPHN�DJLUEHUHGLGLQr-LPDOEDWroHQGNHVKHZ[ZH[LODVNLULQH*XQGvMvKrMvMLZDQELJD]LQLQNXoLPDWvQ�KrUVDúHUWrQHJLKLúWLQH�KDWLQHNXúWLQ

+DGvFDUrGvELGL\D[ZHUHYDQWLúWDQJLúúvURYHNLU%LKrUVE�

(ZNHVJLúMvEr[LVDULQ]DUR\rQZDQ]DUR\rQKrMDQHWXNHVMLZDQQHE�VL[XUoLPDHYrQPH]LQEDVD6HUNHUQDNLQMLFDPv\rGHUQD\rOrMLVLEHKrKH\DrYDUvGLELQoHQJrNHOHPWHUDQGH\H&L\rNXvQVDQWrGH[ZHúEHKHUWLP[ZHúH

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 13/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

*RWLQD6HUNHUMLDOvFLZDQDQYHZHNHQDYOLNHVrQNXQHMLUHIrQZDQE�KDWLE�GDWDQvQ

=HUv[DQMLKHZD\DKrQLN[ZHEL+DGvYHúLGDQG'DULNrGLGHVW[ZHGHDYrWELQGDUr�D[LYv'LEHNXNHVEr[ZHGvELQPDOEDWEr[ZHGvELQOrGHP�]HPDQWXFDUQHEr[ZHGL\HEHU[rP&DUQDKLQvQVDQOLEHUoDYGLEHPDUFDULQDHY PrUrvQVDQHFDUQDELUD\rvQVDQ

HFDUQDMv[HZQrvQVDQH+DGvGLELVWDQDQDYvQNXWDNLULE�1HELDZD\HNGRPGDUEHMvSLUW�NGL[ZHQGLQ-LSLUW�NDQErWLUJHQJrúL\rQZv�KHYDOrQZvSrúvOrYHNLULE�9DQJRWLQDQEDQGRUOrNLU1rUvQrQGLKLúGHZHNHUHIHNUHúrOHNDQNXMLGHQJrEHUH\DQIXUELGLQ

-LGDUDQWLUvMrQGLQDYVLNDNDQGH]rGHURQDKvQHGLGD.HVrQOLJROLN�]DURNrQ[ZHGLJHUL\DQMLWDYDKH\YrV�GZHUGLJLUWLQ+DGv�=HUv[DQMvUDE�QTDQ]O�N�PLUvúNDQEHUELNR[YHµNLú¶NLULQ%LVHUMrNLULQDO�NHNGLOOrDVDQQHE�E�%DY�ELUDH]ZrPLULúNrMvVRUELNLPGLUrGDEL[ZH*XKPHGrrrGD\roHUoDZDEHSHUrJDYD\HGLErUvNDPLQGH

(YJRWLQZD[WrMLGHYGHGHUGLNHWTLMvQvMvMLGLOGHGLKDW=HUv[DQMvSrGL]DQLE�

0DJDMLWHorWLUHrPHPDoHQGURMrQOLGXQ\D\r0DNHVELTDVvPLQ�EDYrWHOHELWvNDGDZvE�oL

6RIvGLJXQGGHELDODJD[ZHQDY�GHQJGDE�'LPrUJDZvGHNHVvWD\HNOLHUGrQHGLGvW0LUL\rPLKDQE�=LYLVWDQrGDZOLPLKrQZvTHOHZGLE�+HUPLKHNZvZHNHorOHNHNE�(ZTDVMvMvUE�-LYvJXQGvKvoKH]QHGLNLU/LJXQGrNHYQ[ZHGvERVWDQE�'LNHZDUrQIHQvGHPrúrQKXQJLY[ZHGvGLNLU4HOvU�QWRUDTORYLGXUPH\rQJRúW�NXQGLU]LYLVWDQrGLNXOvQD]HUv[DQGHWrUWLMHE�ÌQVDQHNPHUGE�Mv/rPHUGL\DZvELWHQrQHML vQVDQHWL\DZvE�GLJXQGGH[ZHELWHQrKvVGLNLU%LJRWLQDJXQGL\DQErSLúWE�7XFDUQHGL[ZHVWELNHVvUHSHYELoH&DUrQHoDUPDE�NXSHYELoHWXOr]LPDOvNDUvQHGDE�Zv=HUv[DQMLQHoDUvUDKLúWLE�NHYLU�GDUDQ�ZHNHPrUELNDUDQvE�-LZrURMrGHELKHUNHVvUHELSLúRSLúRGHPGLERUDQG3LúWv+DGvPH]LQE�E�MvYrFDMLERNXVHUr+DGvQHNHYHEHOD\rGHVWMLKHUNHVvUHGDWDQv9rGHUXQL\rEDQGRUOL=HUv[DQMvNLULE�-LERTLUúHNELJRWLQD+DGvFDQrZrGLo�/rWXFDUML+DGvWXWLúWHNWH[VvUQHGLNLU

-LPLULúNDQMr\HNEHUELQDYDJXQGYHOH]GD[ZH=HUv[DQMLERNXEDODoLNMrVHUvGHQHDYrMHNRúH\rODoLN[LVWGHY�GDG�%LKrUVNHWLQD+DGvUH]LYLUv=LU]HDYrWVHUTXOSDGHUv'DULNHNGLEHUUHGHUEDVNLU.HWHPLOr=HUv[DQr�PHúL\DQKXQGLU:D[WrGHUrSrúGHGLNDWLQKXQGLUOLVHUGHUrKXQGLUZrQH\r+DGvOLGRUZrQH\rZvZrQH\rQSLo�NrQQDVrQZDQKHE�:rQHELKHYLUELTDUWRQHNYHKDWLE�]HOLTDQGLQ4DUWRQMvELQD\ORQHN]LUDYKDWLE� QX[XPDQGLQ=HUv[DQELFRúODYD\rZvNLU+HEDKLúELPLQUHQHPD\HTDúRPLQNLULE�GLOr[ZHPLQrUHVPrWHELJLUWD

+DGvGHVWDYrWFL]GDQZrQHMrGHU[LVW�GDGL\D[ZH=HUv[DQNXGLD]HEWL\D[ZH

GHELWLOvNDTLOLoGHER\rU�QELOLQGNLULE�QLKDPvQDOHPrOLEHUKLúNE�QrE�=HUv[DQZrúHYrGXGRúHNrQMLKLUL\rDYrWVHUKHY+HUOD\LIHNMvOLNrOHNDGRúHNDQUD[LVWNXELúHYr+DGvMLVHUGRúHNDQGHNXELNHWDELODQHNHWLEDVHUHUGr/D\LIHNNX EHVvGXNHVDQE�MLERQDELDYrMHVHU[ZHGDWDQvVHUGRúHNDQ+DGvELKHPG[ZHGLUrMNLU=HUv[DQGHVW�UMr[ZHVWNXWLOL\rQOLQJrZvPLVELGH+DGvOLQJrQ[ZHGDGvZrU�OLVHUELU�DQv+LQHNMvELKrUV+DGD\rPr]HELNHQLJrQPLQoLTDVULKHWE�WHPDP"

=HUv[DQNHQHNVDUUHúHY[ZHúvGD\r�o�%HUL\DNXELNHYHQDYQLYvQDQZHNHKHUFDUv\D]PH\rOLKHYEDGDZHNHEHQOLVHUr[ZH]H[LPJLUrGDODoLNDYrWVHUr[ZHrGvKHErQVHUrúrMvKXNXPOrQHGLNLUZD[WrJRUHMLQLJGHU[LVWQLJOrZHNHKLQDULNrQGHUJ�úHNELWD\rNHWLEHELWvQE�7LOv[LVWQDYWLOvNrQQLJ�PLVGDÇGvoHUPrQLJ]LZD�WHQLN

E�(ZML[HZrErWLUMLERNXEHGHQDZrDVDQEHVHUvGDWDQv&DUQDNXEL ED\rúHYrUH[ZLúvQELSHODQGLNHWHZKrúDUGLE�

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 14/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

/LYrHUGQvJDUL\rVLUXúW�ROWLúWHNGLML\DQDvQVDQDQGHELFvNLULE�GHVWrVLEHKrKHUNHVúL\DUGLE�+HOEHWZrVLEHKrEHUL\DGvNrVLEHKr=HUv[DQúL\DUE�E�/LSrúPDOrVLYQLNGLGHVWGHEL[LúWH[LúWGHU�GRUSDTLMNLU0LULúNTDQ]�O�NEHUHGDQGHUYHd�NXOvQrWR\rOLVHUPDVWEHUKHYNLU�NLUVDKDQHN1DQrVrOrGLWHSVL\HNSLo�NGHKXUNLU+HEHNVvUKHMLTDQG�[LVWQDYoRUWDQr5�Q�VDOoHTLMLODQGEHUGDQDYoRUWDQG�UHMvEHUHGDVHUQDQrKXUNLUv-LJRúWrO�NrSDUoH\HNQHUPHKLODQvE�(ZMvSLMDQG&DUDSrúvE�

NXHZTDVGHQGLDYrWQDYDYr%LQDYWHúWrNHWoLQDQrErSLMLN�UHúLNKHE�MLPDUW6LIUHUr]NLU'HVWLNMvGDWDQvSHUrVLIUH\r�o�OLEHUVHUr+DGvU�QLúW'HVWQHGLo�NXZvúL\DUELNHdHQGD\HW[ZHQ�SLIrVHU�oDYrZvNLU+DGvoDYOrYHNLU=HUv[DQELOH]o�KRGH\DNXWrGHUD]DE�5DKLúWNLUDVr[ZHDQvUr+DGvGD�GHVWELD[DIWLQrNLU0LQDGNLUL\HNXWXELUX\HNUXVSvWvGHUEDVELEvH]rNLUDVr[ZHELúHZLWvQLP

+DGvSrGL]DQLE�NXoLTDVNHVrQPDOEDWrMLWHQJDVL\DQ[LODVGLE�QZrNLUDVGLúHZLWDQG+HZSrNHQL\D/LEHUGHVWúRNrJRWLQHNNXGLNXUGvGHGLKDWHELNDUDQvQFDUGvKDWHKLúrZvNXUGZH[Wr\HNGLNHYHEHUPLULQrMLERZrZH[Wr´/LEHU[ZHGLGH´'LErMLQ'LNrOL\DPLULQrGHMvSH\YDEHU[ZHGDQGHUEDVGLEH+DGvMLELOvNXUGvKHZELWLUNv GL]DQLE�7LUNMLZrZH[WrUH´&DQYHUL\RU´'LErMLQ*RWLQOLNXUGvZHUJHUDQG´&DQGLGH´&DUHNGvILNLUv´.XMLERPHOLKHPEHUPLULQrMvEHU[ZHGDQKHEHJHUHMLQLKDGHH]

[ZHDPDGHELNLP´/DZD]E�&L[DUHMvGLNLúDQG%rKQD JRúWrSLMDQGvHZDFL]NLU/rMLER[DWLUrGL\D

[ZHSDUoH\HNMr[ZDU%LWHYvWDVDGLGHVWGHGLE�oDUWDVDYYHGL[ZDU6RIvMvJROLN�orOHNEHUGDE�Q/LEHUGHUv´4v]r´*RW�Er\vNXGHQJr=HUv[DQ

ELELKv]HNHWKXQGLU%LúNRNHNNXOLHUGrGvWLE�QvúDQr=HUv[DQGD´+DKDWHGvWL\HoHUGLELULTH´JRW�OLVHUVLIUH\rUXQLúW5HQJrQFDQGDU�GLWH\vVLQELWHQrQHOL[ZHúD6RIvOL[ZHúL\DKHUNHVvGLo�

:HNHDGHWE�NXWDYOLELOLQGFL\rQJXQGKLQHNúvUvQGLE�NHVrQJXQGVHUvGLGDUL\DQDYoH\r-LQJLúMLPrUDQELJD]LQE�Q-LKrOHNYHMvELYvKDOvNrI[ZHúE�Q´.XYDQPrUDQQHoLQ*LPJLPZrMLErNDUL\rKHYXGXEL[ZLQ´GLJRWLQ6RIvSLúWv[ZDULQDoHQGORTQDQ[ZHMLo�\vQDV�NrUHDPDGHNLU.XKLQHNGHUHQJELPDQDZrKHPvGROPvúELo�QDKHUNXRWREXVDÌ]PvUVDHWGL\HNvGHML0�úrUDGLE�Mv+DGvMLERQDNXKHYDOrQ[ZHrQOLQDYoH\rELEvQHOH]GLNLU

dDZDGLKDWJRWLQNXNrUOL+DGvELKDWD[LVWLQ[ZvQMrQHGLKHULNvoDQWH\rOLSLúWrOrE�E�EL]RWDDJLUKHUNXQLJGDWDQvHUGrQLJELHUGrYHGL]HOLTv/LGDUrQNXZvGLURMHNELúLOvGHOLSDú[DQvDMRWLE�NXQLKDELVHUEHMQHNrGLNHWLQPr]HNLU7rJRWLQNXKrUVDKHUvPH]LQGLNHQrQErGHQJGHYHúDUL\HHZMvELNHQHNErGHQJOLGROPvúVLZDUE�6R]MLGL\D[ZHJLUWLE�NXHZOLG�GHUQHNHYHGHUYH=HUv[DQMvGLKROrGHOLVHUFLOrQJHOrUvDYOLSrúZvULMDQGLE�/LEHUSDFH\rML[ZHo�E�E�E�GDUHNHKLúN.X+DGvHZKDOrZrELGLWDGLEHNXGHYMLo�\vQD[ZHMvEHUHGDOrOLJRUZvGL\DZvOLEHUúLEDNH\rrKVWUrQKXULNGLEDUDQG

dHPHNGLELQJXQGGHGLKHULNv'ROPvúZD[WrGLVHUSLUrUHGHUEDVE�+DGvFDUHNGvOLJXQGPr]HNLU.HVrQGLGROPvúGHKHQHNOLKHYGLNLULQÇQKHQHNGLNLULQJLúMvNDOE�Q³'HZHOHHPrvURMvEDMDUL\DQML[HZrúL\DUELNLQ´³*LúKvOHGDUvQHOHZPDGHUHQJúL\DUGLELQ´³0DHZPvQDPH QHFLZDPrUDQMLMLQrQ[ZHKH]GLNLQ´³.DNXZLVDE�\DMLQrQZDQHZTDVEH]JLUrQHGLGD´³;RUWLQRKXQOLKHQHNrQPHQHQLKrULQHPKHZGHYr[ZHYDODQDKrOLQ´

1DYoHMLDOvNHVrQQDYoH\vYHZHNH³0DOD;ZHGr³WrWHELQDYNLULQ -LELOvDYDVDUELKHZD\DKrQLN�[ZHúELKrúLQDKL\D[ZHMvOL[ZHúDNHVDQGLoHGDUrQVLSvQGDUrQDYoHQX[DPWL\H'HUGRUDQDYoH\rMvELovPHQDúDYL\DQUHQJGLGH1DYoHZHNHVvQJDoL\D\DQ

H3D\v]DQELKH]DUDQTvMvNGHVWrrYDUDQOLVLSvQGDUDQGDWvQLQ�QHZD\HNELGHQJOLQDYoH\rEHODGLNLQ+HUNHVELZrQHZD\rKHVUHWH1LKDúrQvELTDVvKHúWKH]DUDQE�/rKHUVDOZHNHoHP�OHKvvQVDQNRoGLNLULQ%HUL\DúHUMvZDQvE�dDQGHNHEHUILUHKvQVDQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 15/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

JRMvGLNLUQvYrQDYoH\rDOHZvQHKLQGLNEHMv(UPHQoHQGJXQGrQdHUNH]DQMvKH\H%rWLUDOHZL\DQU�PHWHNPH]LQGLGDQ[ZHQGLQrEDQGRUDZDQOLPLVLOPDQDQMvGLE�'XV�NrQQDYoH\rKHQH�ZHNHV�NDMRU�V�NDMrUWrWHELQDYNLULQ/LV�NDMRUGLNDQ�THKZH[DQH\rQDOHZL\DQOLV�NDMrUMvPL]JHIWGLNDQ�THKZH[DQH\rQPLVLOPDQDQFvGLJLULQ'LPHKDURFL\rGHOLV�NDMrUWX[ZDULQJHKrQYHNLUvWXQHQHFLZDQrQPLVLOPDQMvMLER[ZDULQEL[ZLQGLoLQV�NDMRU$YDKvMLWLUVDHUGKHMrJLú\HNTDWLQML[H\QvKLQGLNDQ�

DYDKL\rQIHUPv%HUL\DúHUGHVWrHVLUDQNDUPHQG�KLQNHVrQKDO[ZHúOLWH[VL\DQVLZDUGLE�Q�OLFL\rQVH\UDQDQDUDTYHGL[ZDULQ/LVLIUH\rQDUDTroDQGHNHSrNHQL\rQGHUEDUrQDYoH\rGHSrúGHNHWLE�'LSrYDMR\DúHUGHDUDTYH[ZDULQSLUNrPE�E�1LKDúHUUDZHVWL\DE�+rGvKrGvGvVDGLJRYHQGDQGHVLIUH\rQDUDTrGLKDWLQUr]NLULQ+HUFLZDQELKHVUHWDJRYHQGr\H

+DGvMvSLúWvMLGROPvúGHSH\DE�OLKHYDOrQ[ZHJHUL\D1HGvW/LVHUNDQL\rGHVWGDEHUO�OH\rELNHVHUN�UvDYYH[ZDU/LKHUGXV�NDQGXFDUSL\DVHNLUGHY�GHYrNRODQrGHFRKRKHE�QMLKrOHNYHMvGHQJrDYrJXKGDUvGLNLU/LEDMDURNrELD[vQGLQLKrUvKH\DVLYvQHNrQGLNDQrQ\HNTDWrQNXKrOvQrQWH\U�WX\DQWrGH[X\DGLNLUEDODZvGLNLúDQG6�NKrYDODE�-LGLNDQDNXNDVHWGLKDWHILURWLQGHQJrGHQJErM]HODO�TXEH

E�dLTDVGL[ZDVWVLYLNELPHúHMvODúOrJLUDQE�E�5RMOLQDYoH\rúvUvQ GLE�:HNHDEDúHZHNXH]VLZDUELP�GHUvOLNHODGLOGDGLPILNLUv%HUELTHUDMrYHPHúL\D6RIvoDQWH\rZvZHNHGHUJ�úHNGDE�NrOHND[ZHdDYEL+DGvNHWUDE�VHU[ZH�GHQJOLúRIrUrGROPvúDGLUr]rGHNLU$KD YD\HODZrPLQKDWNDNDZvTROWL[vMrUHYHELTHWvQHJRW4ROWL[DSDúúRIrUUrGDE�ùRIrU´/LVHUoDYrQPLQ[DORKHPDELODGLOrWH[ZHúEH³JRW�NXUVL\HNSLo�NOLVHUZrTROWL[rEHUHYDMvGDWDQv5rZvJLúDPDGHE�Q/LEHQGDQH[ZHúHNPDE�QùRIrUOLVDHWrQLKrUv'HPDZvOLEHUNXWDE�QrE�0DODUrZL\rQH[ZHúSLUVNLU%LOrWrQGLGHVWGHGDEHUSLUVL\DUrUrZLQJHKr+DGvELD[vQHNUH[DUrGHVWr6RIvE�0DoNLU�GDVHUHQL\D[ZH6RIvSrúvHQL\DZvPDoNLUG�UHKLQDULNrQUX\rZv'LZrKHZD\DoLNVD\vGHELU�VNHNOLGLO�KLúr+DGvYHGDELELQDYNLULQDZvGHODOvNDEHUGLOrZvED\r]R]DQDQNXOvNDUHQJvQHYvQGDUDZvELTDVvEvVWPrWUR\vG�UvZvOLEHUNDQL\rZHNHNXOLEHQGD\HNvEHGHVWDQSHY[LVWLE��ELQrUvQrQKDZDUvOLZvGLQLKrUv

(YvQGDUDZvMLJXQGHNGHUHNHE�NXOLQDYoH\rELFvE�E�Q<HNDúRQ]GHKVDOvE�/rYrQ]LUDYoDYrQ]H\W�QvEHMQHNVLYLNErYLOHNSLo�N�OLU�KDWv+D\DZrMLo�\vQD+DGvKHE�%HUL\DVrURMDQVR]�ELU\DUrQ[ZHNLULE�Q\HN+DGvMrUHJRWLE�NXEr\v[DWLUMLZrEL[ZD]HZrELoH+DGvPvQDPLULúNDVHUMrNLUvSHOSLWvOLVHUTROWL[dDYOrWDUvE�Q6H\UDQOLFL\HNZDQvVHNLQvE�NXZrGROPvúGLEHU ZrUHGHUEDVELE�\D/rúRILUMLERNXELoHZrQH[ZHúrMvELJLUHEHUHYDMvEHUrGROPvúGDURMDYD6H\UDQWLOv[LVWGHYr[ZH'LUDQOLJRúWU�QLúW/LV�NrQLKrUv=LYLUvNXoL\D\HNELEvQH7XoL\DSrYH[X\DQHGLNLU6R]GDE�GL\D[ZHNXGr]�EL]LYLUL\DPDO.XEDYrZr)LUvJSrELKHVL\DZrKrUVELNHWD

%LU\DUGDNXZrELoX\DPDOELUL\DWrOHIRQrGLVHU=HUv[DQGHWrUDGLOr[ZHELJLUL\D/rVR]VR]DGDE�+DGvNXZrWXFDUQHJLUL\D´*LUvQ´JRW[ZHEL[ZH´0DoLúHUPKH\HGLJLUvQrGHVHUrPHMvGLrúHHPGHUPDQGL[ZLQPD[ZDULQDGHUPDQúHUPH´5rGDKrVWUDQ/rKrVWUrQErGHQJGLOOrDVDQQHGLNLU:HNH[H]DOHNQrovUYDQOLG�EH]�EL]�PHúL\D

 $VvPDQOLEHUoDYr+DGvGLúLEL\DJRYHQGDFLQDQWrGHFRQHJDúrU[H]DO]HEDQvGHQJrGHUJ�úDQKDZDUNHQrQoLUL\D\vEDEDUDQHNTvUvoL\D\rQELELUvQPLURYrQQLYvNLP\HZv�GHVWELoHN[RUW�FLZDQrQOLVHUKHVSrQVLSvNHZ�oLYvNrQErVHUv;RFH;L]LUSRUDKLQ MLQDQGLGHVWrQEL[RIGHTvUvQ

[ZrGDQOrVDUGLE�'HVWGDVHUErUvNr'XNHYLUrQVD[VvNXZHNHPRUvNE�QMLNDQL\rZHUJLUWLE�MrUHE�KHZvQv'HQJrQUrZL\DQELZvKrZLU]HE�%LVHGDQEDOLKLúrZv

UDE�E�-L]DURNWL\DZv GHoLEvUDQvQKHE�QZHNHNHUHQJSHU�ELVWL\rQWD]vGHQJGLGDQ%LEHUVW�NDvúOLNJLUWELVvQJD[ZHYH]HOLTDQGNX[ZrGDQrELNLúvQH+DOrZvKDOrSHUvúDQDQE�QùHUPSRúPDQvMLQLKDGHZHNHGLORSrQTvUrGLVHUGLOGHGDGLSDOv

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 16/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

*LKLúWLE�QVHU3LUD(YGLUHKPDQ3DúD3LUDGvURNvELE�\HUHNGvURNvQDYGD\Hùr[VHvGOLVHUYvSLUKDWLE�JLUWLQ/LNHORúNDSLUrTHUHTROHNKDWLE�DYDNLULQ+HUNXúHUKDWLE�VHNLQDQGLQMvKHUNHVOLYLUGLELQOrJHUvQrGHGHUEDVGLE�:D[WrQDVQDPH\D[ZHGLUrMvOHúNHUGDKHZOGDNXúLNYHQHNLúvQHdDZvúvSLVSRUGLUDYGDúRIrUNXML0�úrMLZvUHFL[DUH�ND[L]rQµOvVWLNDORWR¶EvQH(YOvVWLNOLYvZHODWvGL]r[H\DOrQNHVDQE�/vVWLNDELúHQVErWLUVHUED]�OHúNHUDQ�NDUPHQGrQEL\DQMLrú�WLUVDúHUKLQHNEHMv[LODVGLNLU-LEHUNX

ZrMLoDZvúUHELDQL\DQDoDZvúMvELQDYrNXGLELQoL\L\DZDQGHQHPvQHGHQJOLOHúNHUNLUNXQDVQDPH\DQEr\vNXVHELNHOLNHVDQEHODYELNH'LOKLQHNOL+DGvILUHKE�/rKH]NLUL\rQZvOrE�E�QEDKR]HNKHQDVH\rQGLUrM�ILUHKQHEHVvGLOrZvE�Q5�OrVRUDKL\DKHZUrQELKDUDQ+HZOGDNXKHUWLúWvMLEvUYHELNH6HUvGDEHUSDFH\rÇGvGHQJrNHVDQGLELKvVW'XUrZL\rQOL NrOHNDZvUXQLúWvELGHQJHNQL]PGLD[LYv-LQLNDQDYVHUHJD]LQOLPrUr[ZHrELU�GLNLU+HPLQWHHPMLÌ]PvUDQvQYLUWHELKúWDHPKLQHNOLYLUELPDQDKvQDJHOHNNHVKHE�QNXZrWHYGvUDPHELNLUDQDPDJDORQHNSHQvU�SRVWHNWRUDTOLNXEHVvPH\H

=LODPEL]LPDQr\HNvROGDUGLD[LYv%rEDYrPDQHWHUúPD\HQHMvPrúLQKHUNHVGHVWHQJ�r[L]DQH:HOHPvQDTH\UDQ�ELUovWvOLYDQGHUDQWXQHEH/LÌ]PvUNHVrGvELKHVUHWDSDUL\HNQDQ

LQ+HUPDOHNvODKvPMr\HNDQGLGROLHZU�SDQHELTDVvNXQHPLUQHMvELMvQSHUHMLZDQUHWrúDQGLQ+H\UDGHQJrGHIrMLG�UYH[ZHúWrWHODZr&HPvOQHGvWMLERML\DQDZDQUHEHQrQOL(ZU�SDoLGLJRW

9DQJRWLQDQoLTDV KLQHNEHMvEDOD+DGvYHNLúDQGVHU(ZU�SDMvGLOMLERKHYDO�KRJLUrQZvGr�EDYrZvGLNHOvùRUHúrELKrOHN[ZHEDQGRUOLKHUNHVvNLULE�HZMvHYE�NXMLGLO�FDQQr]vvQVDQGLE�ELKrOD[ZH\DvQVDQvNHVDQGLELQEDQGRUD[ZHKLúWLE�Q%vUGR]vQH[HPDNHVvE�ZDQELoDYrQ[ZHGLGvWNXHZNHVrQMLERPLULúNHNDQMvTHYúHNJLKDPrUGLNXúWLQQLKD]DUR\DQZDQOLEHUoDYrQZDQErEHUMHZHQGL\rQúH[VvGLPLULQ:HNHNHYLUHNOLSHUDYr0�UDGrE�EvUDQvQELOHPHOHPGLVHUGHGLKHULNvQ

'LRWREXVDQGHNHVZHNHGHPrQUDELUGX\rELGHQJQHGLD[LYv<HNvVvVDOv[ZHGvUL\DVrUHNoHQGGLUDQMLGHYZHúL\D\vOLKHYDOrKDGvrUrZLWL\rE�%LGHQJHNQL]PSLUVOLVHUSLUVrML+DGvGLNLU+DGvELEHULVYrQNLQGL[ZHVWSrúvOLVRKEHWrQGXYGLUrMELJLUH7XGLovNX"Ì]PvUr%DúHH]MvGLoLPZLU'LKHUv[HEDWr"1D/r"/HúNHUv"1Lo.HVrQZHOLZLULQ"

+LL =LODPYDQEHUVLYDQELErEHOHGL\rYHJLUrGDOHZPDGHYMLSLUVDQEHUGD�GHUvOL[HPrQ[ZHYHNLU(]MLJXQGr7DWDPH7HQDYr7DWDELKLVWL\H"

+DGvELZvJXQGvEDúGL]DQLE�*XQGHNNXJHOHNZHODWSDUr]MrGHUNHWLE�Q'vVDMv+DGv[ZHOLZDUrWHQrWL\rGLJLUW(Ur7XTH\o�\vZLU"1D0LQ]DUR\rQ[ZHMLELKDUGHúDQGLE�JXQG(YEvVWURMLQH]KDWLPH&LQHWoHUH\HJXQGrPHMvZHUH\H'vVDPvQD[HPHNPDGLGLOrPLQGH

=LODPD[vQGLNLúDQG+DGvELEHQGLNrLTROWL[DSrúYHGLOvVWdDUVDHWOLUrZLWL\rEDUvE�-L0D]UD\rGHUNHWLE�Q&L\rVHNLULQ�NRQWUROrrGDZvPDE�ùRIrUQLJOLSrSHO�NDILUrQrVLYLNNLU/HúNHUOHKZH\DVRUOLZDQELOLQGNLU2WREXVrOLNHQDUrUrGDVHNLQDQGLQ'XDMR

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 17/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

GHUL\rEDJDMrYHNLU.HVvOLQDVQDPH\DQQHQLKrUv/HúNHUHNZHNHPL]JvQDVHUNHIWLQrELJLKLMLQHVHUED]WLúWHNGLGHVWGHEHUELTHUHTROrYHEH]L\D/HúNHUHNGvMvELKrUVGHQJOLUrZL\DQNLU�W�ULNrGLGHVWGHUrGD(YoDQWHrNv\H"

<HNvQDYVHUHMLNrOHNDKHYDOD[ZH UDE�VHUSL\DQ�EHUVLYGDÇPLQH

'DNHYHMrU3LúWvSrQF[XOHNDQUrZvPvQDSLOLQJELKrUVNHWKXQGLU�ELGHQJHNELOLQGGLTLUL\D7XOLYrHFrErELQLKrUHMLZvZHWLUNDUvNLQIH

.DUvJLKD\HNSHOILUHKH/L6HUKHG ELKDUDQWrKLúNLULQ%rWLUMLEREHUúRúN�vVKDOrDYDZvWr[ZDULQ

0vQDKHPvUrZL\DQNHQELUr+DGvMvNHW+HZD\DRWRErVr�oDYrQ]LZDHZOL[HZrJHUPGLNLU/rHZELULNE�KH\DKHULNvQD)LUDWrQHGvWDZrUDQHNHWDVDHWGLSrQF�QvYDQGHRWRErVOLoLYD)LUDWGLIHWLOv%LGHVWSDFHSDTLMNLU'LOOrDVDQQHE�ELHQLúND[ZHFDUHNGvSDFHSDTLMNLU�OL)LUDWrQLKrUvdLTDVFL\rNXOrGHUEDVGLE�Q]X[XUE�MvUREDUNHUODO�JLUDQE�:rELUX\rúvQ GHQJGLovURN�GDVWDQDQGHELOLQGGLNLU(Z[ZHGvGDVWDQHNZDQvE�NXGLHIVDQH\DQGHGLKDWHJRWLQNXZrELEHVHGHPDúHUHNFvKDQr

+DGvGLQDYGX[XOHNDQGHTXWLNDGLOYHNLU1L]DQLE�NX)LUDW6H\UDQOLGLOrZvGLQHTLúDQGDQ6H\UDQ)LUDWOLGLOGLQHTLúDQG-L6H\UDQErWLU)LUDWúLEDQGoDYrQGL\D[ZHGL)LUDWrGHMvKrYL\rQNDO[H]HEHNGLQLKrUvQrQZrGHMvDJLUWvU-LZvZHWLU)LUDWúHUPDZvGLGHUX\rZv6HUvVHUEHVWGLEHU[ZHGHEHUHGD:HNHOLEHUEHGHZL\DZrELoHVHFGH\roDYMvJLUW�KHPv[HP�ILNDUDQGLZrNrOL\rGHNLOvWNLU:HNHML6H\UDQKH]ELNHELU�QHUPvGLKrQLMv

5rZL\rGvMvGHYMLZvEHUGDE�3LUW�NHNKHOEHVWDQNLULE�QD\ORQHNSLo�N�OLQLN[ZHKLúWLE�/LKHOEHVWDQDYGDU\DNXEL´(YoL\D´GHVWSrGLNLUGLJHUv+HOEHVWDKHOEHVWYDQrQDYGDU(KPHG$ULIGXFDUVrFDU[ZHQG

+rGvKrGvWDULGLNHWHUGr�KHUGHUUDGLSroD6DHWGLGXGX\rúHYrGHHZJLKLúWLE�QQDYoH\HN6rZD]r+HUNHVvOLZLU[ZDULQ[ZDULE�'HUNHWLE�QGHUYH3LúWvRWRErVELUrNHWWLUvMWHYGHKDWLQYHPLUDQGLQ(ZOLTROWL[rOLSrú\DQHOLSDúúRIrUU�QLúWLE�ùRIrUGHQJrWH\ErMLKXQGLUGDELUvQKHZKRSDUORUDOLSrúGHQJSrGLNHW'HQJJHOHNvMvQL]PE�:DQvGHUE�ZHVOHGvVDUDVWKHYKDWLE�QVWUDQDNX+DGvSrUHGLKHOL\DGLKDWJRWLQGLoHZNL\D´7HZHZH]NXúWLPOrOrELoDY�ELU\DQDQH´oDYrQKDGvML)LUDW�MLoDYrQGD\LNDZvELFRúWLUE�-LMLQHNHELGHUGZrUHNWLUKrVWLUJLOrUGLNLU

)DQrUHML[ZHGHNLU1DPH\D6H\UDQ\DGLErUvNrGHELEvUDZvKDWGHU[LVW%LUXPHWHNQDPHEHUELoDYDQYHELU�[ZHQG1DPHELWvSrQWLUNvKDWLE�QLYvVvQOroDULQ�KLQoHZNvEL NXUGvE�Q6H\UDQUHKDML\DQDZvE�EHUL\DNXQDPH\rEL[ZvQHNHQDZrNXKHUWLPUH[QHOL+DGvQHUPGLNLUELEvUDQv:HNHVRQG�ELU\DUOL[ZHJLUWNXZrKHUWLPUH[QH\rQ[ZHGLNHQDQGHGHUELNLULED.XSLUKrUVELNHWDZr GvVDZHN6H\UDQKHZOrY

OLKHYELWHZDQGD'HVWQLYvVDNXGLúLEL\DQLYvVDPL[vOLVHUND[L]EDúKDWLE�ELFvNLULQ³.HNRTXUEDQUrND0�úrUrGLNLúvQHVRODGHODOvNrPLQWHQJHQLJGLrúvQH(]rSRUrVHUr[ZHMLGHODOvNrGLOr[ZH UHELNLPVROSRWvQH

dLTDVWXZHUv[HZDPLQH]rJRELGLPNLODPD+HVHQvNR�\D+XVR�QD]rµ'HZHUZHUHEHU[rPZHUH6H\UDQMLFDQOLEHQGDWH\H¶´1DPHHYTDVNLQE�OrMLER+DGvELTDVvGXSLUW�NDQE�+HUGXVWUDQrQ JHOrUvrQ

NXELHYvQrQELQDY�GHQJKDWvKDYrQNLULQVWUDQD$UDPNXKLQHNJXKHUDQGLE�ZHNNrUHNNROLVHUGLOGDoLNvQ;HEDWrQZv6H\UDQELWHYvKHUGXKHYDOrQZvrQGLELQoDYGH

E�QGLVL\DHYvQDZvGHFDUQDGLPDQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 18/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

6L\D;H\DODQ

³%HMLQ]LUDYRPvQDúLYDErNHOHPR'LOrPLQOL\DQHVrFDUDOL\DQH7XKLOGD\vVHUGDUr�GLELQWHGDGLNLQELELULQJXOL\DQH+vQURMHNrWHOLPLQQHGvEvQDGHUHZDQH´ 

-LGDVWDQD0HPr$ODQ

%HMQ]LUDYPvQDúLYDErNHOHPE�'LOOrOL\DQE�*HOHNNHVrQNXEvQDGHUHZDQMrQHGLKDWOLYvEDMDUvGLKHUJRWLQHNrGHGHUHZHNELFvGLNLU%DVPDQHFL\rKHUvELQDYXGHQJE�MLERNHVrQGHUHNHNHVrQQLúWHFLKMLZrGHYHUrQHIUHWGLNLULQ&L\rKH]DUIHQ�I�WWrGHWrWHOvVWLQMLZDQFL\DQE�

+DGv[ZHJLKDQGLE�FLZDQrQMLJXQGrZvE�Q-LEHUNXHZEHUL\D+DGvKDWLE�QGXKHEMLZDQGDSrúL\D+DGvNXZvELJHUvQLQ.HVrúHEHNHúvUHWOLZDQNLULE�NXSHYUHQHJHUrQGLE�NXúLNELNLúDQGLEDQD-LVHZVL\rJXMvQMLVHUr+DGvGLKDW1HGL[ZHVWGLOrZDQELKrOH+HPDGHVWELSLUVDQNLU

³+XQMLERoLKH\DQLKDPDOLYLU"´+HUSLUVD+DGvoDUEHUVLYZHUGLJLUW;DOLW²/DZRODZRQHSLUVHZHOHo�\vQDPH]HKPHWHUrJLúKDWLQHJLUWLQùHNR6HJEDYDQvQVDQGL[DSvQLQKDvURKDVLEr%LUR²*HUHHPvúHYKHULQ7HNvQ²(POLYDQGHUDQJXUvE�QWHZ[ZHQvúDQrPHQDGHKHUFDUvWrPHKHU\HNvPvO\RQHNGLGHPHVHGFDUDELQDP�VVRQGGLNH�GLoH+DGv²(]oDZDGLNDULP[ZHELJLKvQLPZv"ùHNR²*HUHVDHWGLoDUDQGHZHUHKRWrOr7HELU\DQELZDQUHNLU"+DGv²1D7HNvQ²(PDQHPDQWXSHUHJLúQHGvZDQ7XGL[ZD]vELOD%LUR[HEHUELGH[H]�Ur[ZH

ELODHZPvQDNHIvOELNHYHDUDZH";H]�UDQrQ%LUROLÌ]PvUUXGLQLúWLQ(YILNLUOL[ZHúD+DGvMvo�%LURo�WrOHIRQ

ELNH+DGv�rQGvErVHU�EHUSL\DVHGLNLULQ/LEHUGHUrKHU[ZDULQJHKHN\HNGLTvUL\D³JHODELJHOGR\DELOGLJLQTHGHU´.HUHPNHNHNNHUHPNHKH\DNXWXSrWrUEv³8FX]EDOLNTXUXIDVXO\H0DVvORYL\rQKLúNPDOrHU]DQ

%LVHGDQNHUPrúOLFDPHNDQGLWrNRúvQrGHE�Q;ZDULQrQGLSDúFDPHNDQDQGH[ZL\DGLNLULQUXQOrVDUE�E�Q+HUORYL\HNKLúNKLQJL\DPDE�ZHULPvE�+DGvELUovE�QD[ZH MLEvUYHNLU7HNvQZHNHúvUHW´QHEvQHEvNXWXOLYDQORTDQWDQDQEL[ZvWX\rMDUGDGD\vEvKDHPML[ZHUHQDQGLJLULQKLQHNWDPDWr]�SrQvUEHVvPH\H´JRW�GHVWELUVHUPLOrZv1HGL\DUv�KDOrNXHZWrGHGLML\DQZDQJLúNDQELKHVWL\DUNLULE�'LVHUKDOrZDQGHMvURMDEHUL\DZrURMrJXQGL\HNZDQELJRWLQDZDQELZDQUHErEH[WvNLULE�úHEHNH\DQWrOHIRQGDE�KRWrOrNXKHIWKHEELoLQ*XQGL\rZDQNXQDYr[ZHùDNLUE�Er\vNX[HEHUELGHZDQo�E�

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 19/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

'LQDYZDQGHrNXErWLUoDYQDV�Vv\DVv+DGvE�+DGv]DJRQDOvVWLNrMLZDQUHJRW'HUEDUrZvGHWLúWrQ QHEDúQHErMLQMLYLUKH\D)UDQVDZrGHVWrKHUNHVvOLVHUT�QDKHUNHVvEHNv[ZH[LODVNLUKXQE�QDELEDZHULPZHMvZDQvGLNLU

*RWLQrQ+DGvoLTDVELZDQUDVWGLKDWMvQHGL[ZHVWLQELSHMLUvQLQ*LKLúWLE�QNRODQDKHUvELQDYNXQDYHQGD%DVPDQH\rE�rQVrOLNrQNRPSXWXUDQGLILURWLQrQWrOHIRQrQ

GHVWDQrQVRO�úHNDOrQNHYQrQFLO�NLQFrQNHYQ/LVHUrNRODQrGXKHE[ZDULQJHKKHZ[ZDULQDELQDYrPHOHPHQGLILURWLQ;ZDULQMLKrN�EDFDQrQVRUGLKDWHorNLULQ%LSLUDQvOHúNHUrGLo�QZr[ZDULQJHKr+H\DErHU]DQE�5XVLSL\HNNXOLVHUFLOHNNHYQUXQLúWLE�FL[DUH\DTDoD[GLNLúDQGOLVHUGHVWMvVDNR\HNNHYQNXUrGLGDGDNXPLúWrUvELEvQHEDOD+DGvNLúDQG+DGvEr\vWXWLúWvELErMHVDNRMLGHVWZvJLUWGHVWNLUGHYr[ZH�PDoNLU.HVrNDOELPHWHOPD\vOL+DGvQLKrUvHZQDVNLUMLNrI�úDGE�QDSHOSLWv:H\H]ELTXUEDQDWHWX�YDQGHUDFDFDGHKHODUXQH

&L\rNX+DGvUXQLúWLEDMvWXQHE�%DYrKHYDOrZvNXKD\DNHVvMLKHYDOrZvWXQHE�%HUL\DGXVDODQQHoDUPDE�QNXNRoELNLQ3LúWvSrKHVL\DNXZr+DGvELoHGHUYHSRúPDQE�NXHZUDZHVWDQGLE�'HKHULQNXUrPWHKH\GvWMLQLúNDYHGLVHUYLUGHJLUWLQ/LNRODQrQ ZLVDQHJHULQ

/LKRWrOrFvWHU[DQNLU+RWrOGLVLNDNrQDVNRUGHE�Q:HNHUr]HKRWrOE�QùHYELPvO\RQHNOvUH\rWLUNE�/LFL\rQGvMLSrQFDQMLGHKDQNrPWLUWXQHE�+RODKRWrOrSLo�NE�7rGHGXVHZNvNXMrUHELWLUNvTHQHSHWrJRWLQKHE�%r\vTHQHSH\DQMLER úrZLUPHQGFvKDWLE�YHELUvQ/LVHUPDVH\DúrZLUPHQGVDQWUDOHNSLo�N'XTDWE�+RGH\D+DGvOLTDWr MrUvQE�3LúWvúL\DUL\DùHNR+DGvMvGDKRGH\DZDQ(ZKRGHMvOLKHPDQTDWrE�'LQDYEHUDTDWrMrU�GvZDUGHYDODKL\HNKHE��VHUrZrELWH[WLN�QD\ORQDQKDWLE�JLUWLQ'XMLQLNrQQDYVHUHOLVHUWXSrKrNGLTHODQGLQGX]LODPMvGLVHUZDQUHVHNLQvE�QNXIvQDZDQE�FL[DUHGLNLúDQGLQ�VRKEHWGLNLULQ.XNHVrQZDQvOLQDYoH\DZDQELJHUL\DQDGrELJRWLQD´0LWULEKDWLQ´7XPLúWrUvQH[HPDZDQE�ZHNHNXGLPDOD[ZHGHELQWHYGLJHUL\DQ

+DGvSLúWvoDQWHGDQvKRGH\r7HNvQGHUvOLKRGH\rTHILODQG%LURMvKDWFHPZDQ/LKROrNHVrQUXQLúWvELNXUGv GLD[LYvQ-r\HNZHNHEL[ZD]H+DGv�KHYDOrQ[ZHMvGHQJrZvELEvKv]HELOLQGGLD[LYv1DELUD\rPLQQDKH\Vv\HW�úHUHIELúHEHNH\DQUHQHPD\HHYE�PHKHNPHHPOLYDQGHUDQSHUvúDQLQPDELWHODTQHML]DUR\rQPLQrQ KXUE�QDPLQrQLKDK�UrZDQEHUHGDHUGr1LKDSHUHNrPHELGDQDPHHPrELo�QDPDOD[ZH

*RWLQrQZvNHVvWXEDQGRUOLKHUoDUDQQHNLUOHZUHZDQOLQDYoH\rELNHIvOSHUHGDE�QúHEHNH\DQ-LER+DGvMvKHZEvU[LVWLQHNE�

.HVrNXKHUoDUFLZDQKDWLE�QWHVOvPNLULQOL6WHQEROE�:vZDQWHVOvPv\HNvGvNLULE�(ZNHVMvdHSH[o�UvE�6DHWGLoDUDQGHKDWZLU+DGvUHZúD[ZHMLZvUHYHJRW%LVrKH]DU�SrQFVHGPDUNOLKHYNLULQ/r[H]�Ur%LURQHSHMLUDQG3LVPDPHN7HNvQOLQDYoH\HN Ì]PvUPDPRVWHE�7HNvQWrOHIRQDSLVPDPr[ZHGD\r.HVrúHEHNHNX\HNv]LNWLUúE�KHPD

UDKLúWWrOHIRQHErUvNr%L]LPDQHNQHUP�úvUvQGHVWSrNLU/LoHSH[o�Uv[ZDULQJHKDPLQKHE�+HPvúRIrUrQTHP\RQDQPLQGLQDVLQ1DQDH]ELWHEHOHGLPTHWELODWLúWQH\rVHUGLOrWHvURVLEHKH]ZvGLúvQLPSLúWvODZLNo�ÌWDO\DH]rZHULPoD\HNWHEL[ZLPWHPDDDPPLQQDYrGLELVWDQDNXWXOrGL[HELWvQLYvVv

%LOH]*HOv[RUWDQKXQ EDúLQQHYD\HOLEHUoDYrZHH]oLTDVGLSHUSLWLPPHUDTQHNLQ*RW�o�

3LúWvSLVPDPrWHNvQELNHVrúHEHNHUHD[LYvE�EL7HNvQUHMvD[LYvE�7HNvQML+DGvUHUHZúDQv]LPDQ*HUHPVrKH]DU�SrQFVHGPDUNOLKHVDErSLVPDPrPLQUD]vQLQ

+DGv´6HUoDYDQHPVLEHKrUD]vQLQ´*RWùHNRELVHUJrMvKrUVD[ZHGHUNLU

:HVHGvWZvODZRGvVDSLúWGDPH�o�NDJHUHvúHYHPELUrNHWDQD-LELOvNHQrWXWLúWQHPDE�GLGHVWZDQGH+HUSrQFSHYUHNHQL\DQ.HVrúrZLUPHQGNXVDOrZvQr]vSrQFvE�MLKDOrZDQUHVHUvGLKHMDQG

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 20/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

+DGv�ùHNREHUELKRGH\rYHo�Q-LKRGH\DOLNrOHNDKRGH\DZDQGHQJrQLIWH\rKDWGHUvYHE�SrúvNHVHNSRUOrVLSv�OLG�ZvMvoHQGNHVrQELWHZUrQ[ZHEDOGLNLúDQGLQGHUNHWLQùHNRoDZDGHUvJLUWZHNHUD]HNNHVSrQL]DQLEHGHUELNH´(ZrdHSH[o�UvMvMLYL\DUHGL[HELWHVHUrZDQHZrSRUVLSL\H´JRW+DGvErGHQJ[ZHDYrWVHUQLYvQDQùHNRZHNHELNHYHPDODPDWr+DGv OLJRWLQrQZvJRWLQ]rGHNLU(ZMvEL\HNvGLQYHJLUrGD\v\HrGLQMvELFL\HNGLQYH

7XMLNXGL]DQv"0DWXGLJXKrJDGH\vGHELGHEHUoDYr[ZHFDUQDGLURMrGHELKH]DUDQNHVGHUEDVGLELQSHUH\rOLPH\GDQrPD HYvú�NDUr]DUR\DQH

ùHNRMvOLVHUQvYvQDQU�QLúW6HUr[ZHNLUQDYGHVWrQ[ZH]vTOLHUGrQLKrUv+DGvUDNHWLE�ùHNRUDE��GHUNHW6DHWQHKrúHYrE�KrMv+DGvúL\DUQHE�E�+HYDOrQZvQDQHNELWHYvEDFDQHNVRUMLZvUHKLúWLE�QùHNRGL[ZHVWNXZvúL\DUQHNLQ7HNvQKrUVNHW0DKLQJL\DKDWL\HSDUL\HNQDQQHNLUL\HGHYr[ZH%LURWX�ùHNRELoLQKRGH\DGvUDELNHYLQ(PMvOLYLU

%LUR�ùHNRGHUNHWLQ7HNvQHZúL\DUNLUdDYrQ[ZHPLVGD'L\D ZvELEvUDZvKDW+HZOGDNXELoHWrOHIRQELNHQHGL[ZHVWKHVWOLGL\D[ZHJHUPELNH7HNvQQDQ�EDFDQOLVHUSDUoH\HNURMQDPH\rUr]NLUÌVNDQHNSODVWvNMvELDYGDJLUW�GDWDQvEHU+HUGXKHYVDO

E�Q/LJXQG7HNvQKHUNXEL GLOYHELZDQYHJLUrGD\vE�MvMLWLUVDGr�EDYr[ZHQHZLULE�ELZDQUHELKHYDOvELJHUL\D1LKDVHUEHVWE��GL[ZHVWELVL\DQHW�UXPHWZrúHUPrMLVHU[ZHUDELNH

+HVWL\DUL\rKLQHNFvGDE�GLOILUHKL\r'LOOrMLELUovQDGL[HZLUvQDQGDEHUJH]DQEDFDQSDUoHNLUMrSDUoH\HNGLUrMv7HNvQNLU7HNvQVLSDVvGD\r'LSrQF[XOHNDQGHQDQHNVD[[LODVNLU+HUNXTLULNOr]LZDGLE�DYYHGL[ZDU

'HUNHWNXELoHGHVW�U�\r[ZHELúR(ZMLQLNDOLEHUW�Sr E�KrMvOLFL\r[ZHUXQLúNDQGvE�+DGvErKHPGOrQLKrUv-LQLNErKQHNHN�UOLFL[DUH\rGD�oDYHNDYrW+DGv5�OL+DGvVRUE�%LOH]GHUvYHNLU�NHWKXQGLU'LWHZUrQMLQLNrGHWLQD][ZHGLGDGHUOrGvVDMv+DGvEDúMrIrPQHNLU/LKXQGLUML7HNvQSLUVv7HNvQKLQHNMvELúvUHWGHQJELOLQGNLUÌúrWHSrWXQH\HOLYDQGHUDQOLNX\HvQVDQOL[ZHGLNHYHúLN�JXPDQr7HEDOD[ZHQHGDVHU�oDYrQZrTH\MLQLNMLURMr[H\vGL\H(]GRKRELUrGHGLPHúL\DPMLQLNHNELOH]MLKRWrOHNOLMRUrIXDUrELOH]GHUNHW/LG�Zr\HNvEHMLQELOLQGGLVWXGH]LQFvUHN]rUGHUNHW:H[Wr[ZHJLKDQGMLQLNrH]ELTDVvVrJDYDQMLZDQG�UE�P%rEDYúvPDTHNOLUX\rMLQLNrGDPLQJRWTH\ELU�VNMLEHUoDYDQSHNL\D5HEHQrGHVWGDVHUoDYrQ[ZHNX[ZHMrELSDUr]HOrZvELSRUDZrJLUW�HZYHNLúDQGKRWrOr-LQLKDGHWLUVHNNHWL\HGLOrPLQYDQúDUDQOLKrOHNGLELULTLQOLKrODGvMvNrP�QrPMrGLKHULNLQ

%DYrWHTH\OLGL\DWHQH[LVW"+HUNXKHYVDO�KHYDOE�QMv7HNvQQHGL[ZHVWEHUVLYELGD0L]PL]v(ZPrU�MLQLQ

+DGvNHQL\D%LWD\EHWL\HNNHVrQ[ZHGL]DQLE�NXvQVDQELúHUPrQ[ZHGHVWSrELNLUD

EHQGDOLSrúUD]rQZDQKLOGLZHúL\D'LJXQGGHEDY�GL\DPLQMLDOvKH]NLULQrYHELWLOvNDQWrQHQvúDQGDQOr\HNFDUDQGXQ\DOLZDQWHQJGLE�GL\DPLQMvZHNMLQLNDNXWHEDVNLUEroDUHGLPDúHYHNrEDYrPLQHPJLúMLPDONLULQGHUMLERQDNXNHVELPH QHKHVHHPQHo�QPDOrQFvUDQ�Or]LPDQ6DUE�'L\DPLQQDQSLMDQGLE�7HQG�UKrJHUPE�0HJLúNDQQLJr[ZHNLUWHQG�Ur-LWLUVDHPQLNDULE�QELo�QDPDONXPHFLOHNELDQL\DELDYrWDVHU[ZH3LúWOLPHJLúNDQE�E�WH[WLN/rUDVWHUDVWL\DGr�EDYrPH�YDQDMvQH\HNH

7HNvQJRWLQMLGHYrZvJLUW/LJXQGELWHYvHZTDVGHUIHWDQWXFDUNHVOLVHUWLúWrQZDQvQHGLD[LYv�QHGLILNLUv1LKDOLEL\DQL\rOLKRGH\HNKRWrOrSHYUHSDUYHGLNLULQ(]SLUML[X\HNEDYr[ZHDFL]GLE�PGL\DPLQSLUGL[HELWvEDYrPLQSHUrúvUGLJLUWEHU[GLILURWLQKHUURMGLo�QDYoH\r:HNHNHVHNPHUGGLKDWHQDVvQ&DUQDGL\DPLQWLúWMrGL[ZHVW

QHGLDQvùHYHNrMLEHUNXoL[DWOLPDOWXQHE�GL\DPLQGv]GHUHQJ[LVWEDYrPLQOr[LVW:roD[rH]SLUSLo�NE�P0LQVRQGNLULE�NXH]PH]LQE�PDPLQrMvGLGHYZvUHELDQL\D

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 21/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

7XKvQDMvOLEDYr[ZHELKrUVv"1DZD[WrH]PH]LQE�PELUD\rQPLQPH]LQE�vMDMvGL\DPHSLúWGD PH�ELEDYrPHGLGDNLúDQGLQQLKDMvGLOrPLQELEDYrPLQGLrúH

7HNvQOLOD\LIrQLKrUv.LQFHNZHNHIDQrUHNXHU]DQNLUvE�OL[ZHNLU[ZHGrULKHWL\rELGHWHJRW�VHUvGDQv

5RMD+DGvQ�GHVWSrNLULE�oDYOLGRODEDNXMHQJrDYrWLE�\rQLKrUv3LúWvGHPHNrMHQJ

OLEHUoDYGLúLEL\DúLNOrQHFrE'HVWr[ZHGDSrúWLUvMrELVL\DGHVWQDYGLQLYvVvOLVHUGvZDUZrQHorGLNLU:D[WrGHVWr[ZHJHUDQGSvULNDOLNRúHEDODZvNLúDQG-HQJSvULN�JHPDUL\DOLHUGDKRGH\rEvQDZvWHQJNLU:HNHNX[ZHSLo�NELEvQH5DE�JRUH\rQ[ZHrQQD\ORQNXrGvKLQHNSHULWvE�KLOGDo�úXúWELHUGDKRGH\rNHW�SDTLMNLU3vULNDOLGvZDUMvSDTLMNLU3DFHYHNLU%LYHNLULQrUHWR]�[HEDUULML\D%LTDVvQvYVDHWHNr[HELWv*RUHDYrWTXWvNDVHUJR�GvVDOLVHUQvYvQDQ[ZHGLUrMNLU

+HZOGLGDNXKHVWOrJHUPQHEH'Lo�\vQDZvGHELTDVvWLUVDJLUWLQr�UHZúDDERUvQH[ZHúL\DZvMvVHGHPE�FDUQDGLOrZvGLrúL\DKD\EDYrZvMrWXQHE�Or GL\DZvSrGL]DQLE�6R]GDE�GL\D[ZHNXOL)UDQVDQH[ZHúL\DZvSDNE�\DHZrELTDVvVrVDOEL[HELWL\D�GDJHUL\D/rGvVDMvDUrGLOrZvURMDOLEHUDYDE�UX\rZvMvGLUHQJrKHZUrQGLDVR\rGH

+HIWH\HNOLKDWLQD+DGvERUvE�dLTDVELo�QDJHUrMvMLZDQ\HNZHNHQREHGDUOLKRWrOrGLPD:rURMrMvùHNRPDE�OLKRWrOr:D[Wr+DGv�rQGvNHWLQKXGLUEKrUVSHNDQGVHUZDQ+XQOLNXPDQ]�oDQWHPDQWr[ZHELJLULQHPrKHULQ

%r\vWLúWELErMLQoDQWHZHUJLUWLQ�GDQG�ùHNR.HVrúHEHNHQDYQvúDQGDE�ùHNR/LWH[VL\rVLZDUE�Q/LFL\rKDWLE�NLIúNLULQúHEHNHG�UVHNLQvE�;RUWHNGvOLQLNZvE�:DQML[RUWUHGHVWQvúDQNLU;RUW´0HUKHEDMLZHUH³JRW�GDSrúZDQ(ZELULQPDOHNrPDOZHNHNR[HNOLEHUKLOZHúvQrE�%LWLUNvMLDYDKL\rQZDQvUH´*HFH.RQGX´WrJRWLQ%LWHYvZDQEvVWUrZvE�Q.HEDQL\DPDOrELGHVWHNELoHSLOr]DUR\DSr[ZDV�SDúYDODJLUWZHNHELDYrMHSDúGHUvNLúNLúDQGGDNXFvMLrQKDWvUHELPvQH

ùHEHNHúvUHWOLULZr\DQGLNLU7rOHIRQrQErUvNrELZHNvUHKH\HGD\QLQYLU1HWLUVLQNXKXQErQHJLUWLQMvZrGvVDZHEHUGLQKXQOLNXELQMvHPr[ZHELJLKvQLQZHGLNHúWL\rGHZrELVHGDQNHVKHELQ+XQKHUWLPOLKHY[ZHGvGHUELNHYLQ.XKXQKDWLQJLUWLQHPDQHPDQQDYrPHQHGLQNHOHPWHUDQWLúWHNZDQvEHZrKLPKXQKLPMvHPWrGHELoLQ

+DGvELSL[NvQGLNHQvùHNRQLoLQGDQZv´dL\HWXMLERoLGLNHQv"´%LGHUHZrQZvPDKD\NHOHPWHUDQMLZvWXQH1DYrZvErWHGD\vQZrKLQHNGvEDFD]rGHELGH

+DGvMvWrOHIRQDMLErUvNrGHGHU[LVWNDUWMrGHU[LVW�úLNDQGWrOHIRQGDQvPH\GDQr'HKWrOHIRQKDWLE�EHUKHYNLULQ+HUFLZDQZHNH]DUR\D[ZHELDYrMHGHYrJXU[HPJvQ

E�'LGHPHNrGHFL[DUHNLúDQGLQoDZDMLERZDQGLKDWZDWH\DPrUDQL\rGLYDQVDODQGHMvWrOHIRQDErUvNrGLKDWKHPDQZDWH\r

+HPvMvNXUGrQEDN�UE�Q+HUNHVvELoDYOLKHYGLQLKrUv�GL[ZHVWLQMLKHYWLúWIrPELNLQ+DGvGHVWDYrW]DUR\DOLSDúGHUv�HZKHPEr]NLU'LVWXGHPRUvNHNúvQKHE�'HVWDYrWPRUvNrNHoLNELSRUDZvJLUW�NLúDQG3LUTvQELKHUNHVvNHW%DYrNHoLNr[ZHKHZFH\vGHUELUvQrNLU1H[ZHúHdLGLErMHHP[DWLUrZrQDúNvQLQWHEHUDE�\H.H\VELGHVWNHWLE�NXSHUGHYHNLúvQrVHUUHZúD[rQL\r[ZHMv/LYDQGHYHUDQELMvúNSLUELEXKD\H%LPLO\DUGLUDYOLYrNHoLNro�0LQOLFL\HNSLU[ZHúHGNLUL\H%L[rUH]rVDODSrúPH[rQL\HNDYDELNLP

-LERUrZL\DQWXZDW\HDYDQJRWLQDWXQHE�ELVHUGHMvKHUNHVvGL]DQLE�GHUHZDGLNH:D[WrúHEHNHUrZvOLPDODZvGLNLULQPrYDQKHUFDUvELTDVvSrQFvPvO\RQHNGLGDQZv&DUQDNXPrYDQELúHYGLPDQMLQDZvMLQHoDUvOLGHUYHFL\rNXMLERNXoLNKDWLE�OrNLULQFLOHNGLDYrWVHU[ZH�OLVHUoRQJDQUDGL]D

+DGvKrMv\HNFDUDQOLoDYr]DURNrGLQLKrUv'LoDYrQZrGHNXUDKL\D)LUDW�QrUvQrQ6H\UDQGLGvW

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 22/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

ùHEHNHGHUNHWLE�ELWDYvPD]�YDQ+DGvOLVHUXJXKrUrZL\DQGLQLKrUv%LEHUSLUVL\DUvúvUHWOLZDQNLU:HNLQF�FLOrQVvSRUMvEL[ZHUHDQL\HDQQDELYvKDOvZH[WrOLÌWDO\DKXQMLNDPSrELUHYLQZrELNLQFrZHEL]DQLELQNXKXQNRoEHULQ+DGvGvWNXD[DIWLQDZvOL[ZHúDJLúNDQo� Kr]ZHUJLUW'LNHúWL\rGHMvWLúWHNErVHUrPH[ZHúDúQHNLQ(PJLúOLKHY[ZHGvGHELNHYLQ-LUrZL\DQMrVrKHEDQWXNLQFrVvSRUEL[ZHUHQHDQvE�Q-LoHQGKHEDQMvMLELOv

PDUNrQKDWLE�QZHUJLUWLQELQDYr[ZDULQDGLUrGHVHGPDUNKDWLE�JLUWLQ+DGvKLQHNELKrUV0DKXQQHoDULQNXEDZHUL\D[ZHELKHUNHVvELKHUJRWLQrWvQLQ0DQH[ZDULQMvOLVHUZDQH:HMLERoLVHGPDUNGDZDQ7rOHIRQMvMLPHVWDQGLQ1HPvVRJHUHNXHPGLoLQ Mv

-LUrZL\DQMr\HNPDGHOL[ZHWLUúNLU(ZNHVJXQGL\rúHEHNHE�/r[ZHDúNHUDQHGLNLU-LUHZúDZvNLIúE�NXJXQGL\HNNDOE�1DQDSLUvQVDQHNGLUXVWHSrSLúWUDVELQ3DUL\HNKHUDPQD[ZH

+DGvKHZELD[DIWLQDZvNHQL\D6DHWGL KHIWDQGHPD]�YDQoHQGQDQrSDWvNXMrUHOHZDúMvWrJRWLQELWHYv

WHSVL\HNEXU[XUGDQvPH\GDQrUrZvELVHUNHWLQ+rNHYovGLGHYZDQGHE�úHEHNHNHW

KXQGLU'H]�ELNLQGROPvúYD\HOLEHQGDZH\HdDY]LQFvUHN]rUvQNXGLVWX\rUrZL\HNGHE�NHW;ZHUDQHJLUW:r]LQFvUrEL[ZHUHQHEHGLUrGHML$IJDQL\DQELJLUHKH\DÌUDQv�øUDTL\DQNHVrQGHJLúLNKHQH(]OLEHU]LQFvUQDNHYLPWLUVLPNXWLúWEvQLQVHUrWH

;RUWELPDGH\HNWLUú�ELQrUvQHNEL[RIOLoDYrZvQLKrUvùHEHNH[ZHVWUrOLD[DIWLQD[ZHELJXKHUH;RUWGHVW�UQHGD\r(ZNHVrQNXVroDUKH]DUGRODUGLUDYGLGLQZHSD[DYELYv]LQFvUDoHQGTXUXúvQDNLQ'vVDNHVrQÌUDQv�øUDTvMvWXQHQH(PGL]DQLQErNDHZMvNvQH

5�OLúHEHNHVDU�VRUE�E�/rHZKvQE�E�Q<HNFDUDQELVHUvYHOL]LQDUDQGLTHOLEvQ5X\r[ZHrUHúYHúDUW%LUHErDOHPrKXQPvQD]DUR\rQPHQHHUrHPMvMLYvvúvSHUHTH]HQFGLNLQOrHPGLVHUZHGHMvGLOHUL]LQ

;RUWELGHVWZHNHGHYMLYDQúHODIL\DQEHUGHELErMHQvúDQGD�GDG�UrZL\rQGv%LWHQrUrZvOLGROPvúVLZDUE�Q3LúWvGXVDHWDQOLNHYL\DEDKUrE�Q&L\HNDVrùHYWDUvE�3LúWvMLGROPvúGHSH\DE�Q\HNKDWSrúL\DZDQ1DYrúHEHNH\rZDQJRW+DGv³UDVWH´JRW(ZNHVrNXoDY�VHUvOrPvQDFLQGLUHTLVvQ´%LGLQG�PLQ³JRW�PHúL\D/LNHYL\rELTDVvSrQFVHGNHVvNRPELNRPE�Q/LGHUGRUDKHUNRPHNrMvoDUSrQFNHVrQúHEHNH\DQKHE�Q

%LWHYvQHGL\DUv�PHWHOPD\vQrNrI[ZHúvMvNHWLE�GLOr+DGv+HUFDUv\HNvNXOLKRWrOrOLG�HZNHVrSRUVLSvGHUNHWLE�EDOD+DGvGLNLúDQG'LNRPrQGvGHKHPZHODWL\rQWLUNL\rWXQHE�Q+HZEvVWKHEÇQGvELSLUDQv$IJDQvrQPD\vMvNXUGrQEDú�U�URMKLODWE�Q3LúWv

KHPvUrZvELULQOLNHúWL\rVLZDUNLULQKrNRPDKDGvELULQ(ZPLURYMvOLNHúWL\rVLZDUE�0LURYrELNHVrSRUVLSvUHHOHTHGDUE�<HNvEHMLQGELOLQGODZD]UL\DZv]LUDYSRUOrJLMLN�KHZoHQGGLUDQPDE�QGLGHYGH

;RIDPLULQrNHWLE�GLOr+DGv�KHYDOrQZv(ZNHVrQGLUrGHIHWLVvE�QELEvUDZDQKDW3RúPDQvPRUDODZDQ[HUDGLNLU(ZNrOvMLERZDQGRKRSrúHURM�KHUWLúWE�%r[ZrGDQOLZDQVDUGLNLU*Lú PvQDPrúLQrQGLJHUPDKDYvQrGHELNHYLQNX\rùHNRKHQHNDYrWEHU/DZREL[ZHGrH]MLYrUrZLWL\rUHQDErMLPDPvQFDKHODOLKDOrJHPL\rPr]HELNLQPvQDKrONDQDUL]vPLQEL[ZHWXWLúWMrIrPQHNLU

+HUNHVrOLKHYGLQLKrUvELNHQVLODYOLKHYGLGD'LQDYEHUD7HNvQ�NHoLNHNEDú�UvGHVrNHVKHE�Q-LNHVrQPvQD7HNvQDO�V�OLVHU[ZHUHOLJXQGrZDQWvWDOGLKDWJRWLQ/LKrOHNNHoLNrPDPrZr/LDOvGvMvMLQHSvUHNQDVrZDQ+LQJL\DFvWHQJE�NHoLN

[ZH]LNHSLúWGLNLU7HNvQrOLPLOroHSrWDYQGLGDGDNXKLQHNFvMLNHoLNrUHILUHKELEH.HoLNMLKHZOrQ7HNvQKD\GDUE�Or[ZHOrQHGLNLU[ZHGv.HoLNELGHQJHNELOLQGELYDQSH\YDQGHVW

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 23/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

ELD[DIWLQrNLU´%HODPrPH´7HNvQIrPNLUNXNXUGHNHEDú�Uv\H-LERZvrGvGLNHúWL\rGHKHZNHoLNKHE�

1LKDJXQGHNOLVHUDYrE�.DSWDQrQNHúWL\rOLPH\GDQrWXQHE�Q%r\vNDSWDQNHVQHKD\GDUE�NXGrNvOLZDQ[ZHGvGHUELNHWDDQMvNvEHUSLUVL\DUrNHúWL\rE�+HUNHVvGL[ZHVWNXIrPELNH'HPGLERUv%rOLZDQVDUGLKDW+HUNHVvoLTDVGLELQúDOGHúDOHNGvDQMvGHUSL\rQVWXUOL[ZHNLULE�MvVDUE�dLTDVFvWHQJE�MvKHUUrZL\v[ZHELrGvYH

GLúLGDQGNXQHFHPLGH+XPHKXPEL vQVDQDNHWLE�+HUNHVvUHZúúvURYHGLNLU.XvQVDQOLNDúrQNHYL\rKHE�QDGrZDQELJRWDNHúWvNHúWL\HNúHUH�úHUYDQDPDGHKL\DúHUGLNLQ $VOvNDGLTDWrúHYrGHOLVHUvEHUEL7HNvQYH]LYvUDQG;ZvQOL7HNvQGLNHOv'HPEHUELGHVWrVLEHKrYHÇQ$IJDQv�rQGvNHWLE�QGHUGrGRODUDQMv+DGv�

NXUGrQEDN�UQHGLDWvUDPDUNDQGHE�QNXEL]LYLUL\DQDMvPDUNrQZDQOLFL\r[ZHE�Q-LUrZL\DQMrKLQHNoLOPLVvE�QKLQHNGLJLUL\DQ:DQGRODUGDE�Q+LQHNMrQL]DQLE�QNXGRODUrQ[ZHGDE�QNvMv'�MLNHúWL\rELOLQGGLE�+DZDU�TvUvQELUrZL\DNHW7HNvQMLFvUDE�OLEHUQLJrQ$VOvNDOLVHUSL\DQ5DZHVWL\D'XQ\DOLUrZL\DQWDUv]LPDN+DGvMvUDE�VHUSL\DQ(ZNHVOLEHUoDYr+DGvNHWNXMLKXQGLUrNHúWL\rGHGHUGLNHW+DGvúLNELUVHUZvNXZvDJLUEHUHGD\HNHúWL\r3LUGHPGHUEDVQHE�NXOLNHYL\rELVHGDQOHúNHUdHQGWHNQH\rQNXZHNHHZOHKL\DNHYL\rGLKDWHELQDYNLULQQr]vNHúWL\rE�Q

7HNvQPvQDGHUJ�úDOLG�GL\D[ZHOLG�$VOvNDELNHORJLUvGLOHELWv:D[Wr$VOvNDOLWHNQH\rVLZDUE�ZrMvOLGHUGRUD[ZHSDErND7HNvQMvVLZDUE�DQQD

.HúWvKDWHWHPLUDQGLQ3LúWvQvYVDHWHNrKHPvUrZvELULQKHZúDTHUHTROr0DVH\HNMLGR]JHUUHDPDGH NLULQ+HUFDUv\HNGLKDWKHPEHUZv3LúWvDJDKL\rQQDVQDPH\rZHUGLJLUWLQoHQGSLUVDUDVWHGLNLULQZHNH´7XGLovNX".vDOvNDUvGDWH"7HoLTDVSHUHGDQ"7XHOHTH\DWHELUr[LVWLQDQUHKH\HDQQD"´

+DGv[ZHOLGDZvGLJLUW7LUV�ILNDUNHWLE�GLOrZv;ZHOLGDZvGLJLUWOLJRUvZvZrGR]JHUMvDFL]E�\DZvQHPDWLúWMrELSLUVL\D.HVrQNDPHUDGLGHVWZDQGHOLG�GvPHQrQEDONrúE�Q+HUNHVvVHUvEHUELMrUNLULE�+H\DrYDUvLQFH[KHVrEMLVHGNHVvSLUVvQ'R]JHUJXKHUvE�'XURM�úHYHNrPDQOLZLU.HVrQEDN�UMLrQGvYHGLTHWDQGLQ+rVLUOLoDYrQ7HNvQrNXE�E�JROD[ZvQv[X\DGLNLU$VOvNDMLG�UYHZD[WrKDOrWHNvQGvWZroD[rKH]NLULQGLGLOGHNHOL\D+rYvOLKHUGX\DQMvúLNHVWLE�

+DGvEL WHYvJXQGL\rQ[ZHGvVDOLKRWrOrE�Q.HVrúLZLUPHQGSLUVMLZDQGLNLU/LKrOHNHMvKHQHN�WLQD]

³dLE�EHU[rQPLQKXQQHo�Q"³:HQDYGDKXQGDQWHOHYv]\RQrMv´+DGvGL[ZHVWDGLGLOrúrZLUPHQGGHIrPLNH(PKDWLQJLUWLQ³*HUHKXQELKDWDQDJLUWLQ´

-LERoL"³+XQoHQGKHEMLWLUNL\rE�Q"´1L]DQLP³7HOHYv]\RQrGHKDWHJRWLQKHZEvVW�SrQFKHEWLUNL\H\vE�QHrQGvJLúWGHU[LVWLQ

GHUvVvQRU´7XGL[ZD]voLELErMv"³0DKvoEDODWHQHNLúDQGL\HKH\DQLKD"´dL"³dLTDVNHúWL\rQWrGHVWHVHUNLULQWrGHELSLUDQvULZrZL\rQGHUHNH�EL\DQWrGH

KHQH´0LQKrMvWXWLúWMLJRWLQrQWHIrPQHNLU

³.XUrPLQKHPvGRODUrQZDQPDMLúHEHNH\DQUHNXHZQHKDWLEDQJLUWLQGrúHEHNH\DQELTDVvKH\úVHGKH]DUGRODUKHTrNHúWL\rELGDQD´

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 24/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

ùLNrQ+DGvUDVWE�Q:vNHVvELTHVWvDJLUEHUHGDE�NHúWL\r.HúWLMvQHHZNHúWvE�NXUrZvKH\DÌWDO\DELELUD6RKDEHWDELúrZLUPHQGUHOL[ZHúD+DGvGLo�

7XGLErMvHPE�QHPDVL\DQvYoH\DGLEDKUrGH"³+XQrELoLQKvvoPHUDTQHNLQZHNHrQo�QKXQMvKXQrELoLQMLZHKLQHNZrEL-LQrQ

(ZU�SvrQELZLMGDQNXVDOrZDQoLOSrQFvQHUHEL]HZLFHWHPHQOL[ZHS�oELNH+LQHNMLZHZrTDVvGHKSDQ]GHKVDODQGLNDUrDYDGDQL\rGEL[HELWH�W�W�U�WQHPLUQHMvOLZDQ

GHYHUDQELMv+LQHNMLZrEL]HZLFH�QHPDrGvYHJHUHdL]DQLP´ZHNHNXWXMv[ZHGvrúEv"³0LoDYr[ZHNRUNLUVrODZr[ZHúDQG-r\HNOL(OPDQ\DEL\HNDoLO�SrQFVDOvUH

]HZLFL\HQHDPGLNDUH[ZHMLGHVWrTHKSLNr[HODVELNHÇQGvMvELTDoD[vGL[HELWLQOrKrMvWXJ�ELGVWZvQHNHWL\H(ZU�SvZHKHUWLPOLVHUSLUD6LUDWrGLKrOLQGHUGrGLVHUGHUGDQGHMvKHUWLúWvELQDYrvQVDQHWL\rGLNLQPDGLYrUrZLWL\DZHGHTH\SDUL\DZDQWXQH\H(]MvNXUGLPEHU[rP´3LúWvYDQJRWLQDQMLEHUNrúNDPDVH\rGXTDOLEVDE�QGH[LVWGDZDQ�ELWHZUrQGD\LNHNúvUHWOLZDQNLU

³5DELQELoLQ[ZHELúRQ[HPQHNLQH]rDYDJHUPOLZHQHELULP´.rIDZDQMLJHUPDKL\DúrZLUPHQGUHKDWúrZLUPHQGWXFDU[ZHOLNHVvQHGLNLU

[ZGvKHUURMGLE�úDKLGrNDUHVHWDQ+DGvZH[WrVDE�QMLGHVWJLUW[HPDNHVrQKDWLE�Q

]LYvUDQGLQELZvUHSDUYHNLU;DOrPLQQr]voDUVHG�SrQFvNHVvE�QHZHYMvWrZrZDWH\rNXPDOLNOLoDHVHG�

SrQFvPDOEDWv[HUDNLULQ.HVrúHEHNHYDODQHVHNLQvE�%LúRIrUrµWLU¶HNUH OLKHYNLULE�&LZDQKrGLQDYDYr

GHE�QZvEHUGHVWr[ZHúDQGLE�'vVDNHWLQUr9rFDUrOLEHQGDWDUL\rMvQHVHNLQvE�/LFL\HN[DOv�NHUHVvOLWLUrVLZDUE�QùHEHNHGXNrUrQW�MGDZDQNXErKQOLZDQELoLNL\DGLYL\DE�oDGLUDOLVHUWLUrELoLUDQDGDQD+rELTDVvGXNvORPrWURQHo�E�QNHOHPWHUDQSrúvOLWLUrELUvQ'vVDTHUHTROOrSLUVvQ9rFDUrDJDKL\rQQDVQDPH\rKLOQHJLUWLQMLEHUNXKD\GDUE�QNXHZKrMLELQoDYGHUNHWLE�Q

:HNHErúHQVL\D[ZHGLKHVLEDQGLQ%HUL\DrULúD\DQ]GHKr5H]EHUrKHUURMELKH]DUDQUrZvELDZD\HNVHUEHVWGHUEDVGLE�QOrQLKDGHZOHWrUrQHGLGD

%LNXOPLVDQELGvZDUrKRGH\rNHWLE�Q+DGvKrYL\D[ZHMLUL\DELVHUDYrGHELUv-L7HNvQWLNDNLUNXOr]LPrZvPDUNrQZvEvQHELGHZv7HNvQo�WrOHIRQNLU0DPRVWHMLWHNvQUHJRWLE�NX\HNvGvKH\HKHUFDUvKHZGXNHVDQELWLUrGLúvQH.X7HNvQMvEL[ZHVWDGr7HNvQ�+DGvELZrUL\rELo�QD7HNvQQLNDULE�ELSHMLUDQGDOHZPDPDUNrQZvOLQDYoH\rOLQLN]rUHYDQE�%L+DGv[ZHúKDW1DYrVvPVDUGDE�7HNvQ7HNvQMvQDY�QDYQvúDQGD+DGv

%rKDOE�Q*LúUDNHWLE�Q6DHWGLKHúWrVLEHKrGH[HEHUKDWMLZDQUHNXGLYL\DELo�QD(GHQr*LúNDQ[DWLUML+DGv[ZHVWLQ�VHUvGDQUL\D(GHQr:H[Wr7HNvQ�+DGvKHYXGXPDoNLULQ+DGvEL[HPJvQvoHQGJRWLQMrUHJRW

1DYrZr$VOvNDE�+rYvGDULPNXKXQURMHNrOL(ZU�SDKHYXGXELEvQLQ'LOOL7HNvQ

WHQLNE�E�%rYLOD[ZHNLúDQG�EHUVLYGD(YGLOrUH]vOvQVDQQL]DQHOLNXELUvQKLOGLJLUH+DGvELWHQDVHUr[ZHGLVLNDNrQEDVPDQrGHGLJHUL\D'LNDQHNNXWrGHJRúWv

PLULúNDQGLNLULQQDYQDQ�GLILURWLQKHE�[ZHOLUL\DGLNDQrJLUWNX[ZDULQEL[ZH&RWHNVROrQVvSRUrKHUvHU]DQNLUvE�ùHNDOOrSHULWvMvd�SrQFvPDUNrQGvKXUNLU1DQ[ZDU�KH\D\DQ]GHKrúHYrJHUL\D/LYHJHUrGLKROHNEDQNH\HNGHGXNHVOLVHUNDUWRQrZHNHNXOLVHUGRúHNDKHYUvúvPELQUDNHWLE�Q/LZDQQLKrUv%�QLoHQLoDZv´%LTDVvvQVDQErúHUHIELTDVvvQVDQKDU�KRYELTDVvvQVDQEDú�ELQDP�VGvVDvQVDQH´JRW�NHWUL\DKRWrOr

'LKRGH\rGHZHNHJLURNHNDUE�%LWHQDVHUr[ZHPDE�+rKD\MvG�UL\D[ZHorE�'LOOrE�E�GLOroLYvNHNELUvQGDU+vVNvQvSrNHW�JLUL\D6HUvOrJLUDQE�E�0vQDGD\LNDGHUJ�úDZrZHNHPH\WOLEHUoDYEHELVHUJrMvGLKRGH\r

GHGLo��GLKDW+HZD\DKRGH\rMvHZWHQJH]DUGLNLU/LG�JLUvQroDYOr]LZDE�E�Q6HUv�JHZGHOrVLVWE�VHUYHNLUvNHWH[HZHNHJLUDQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 25/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

'RWLUDURMro�QDYQvúDQDVvPVDU:DQMLNHVrQWDFvUUHVvPVDUGLJRWLQ6vPVDUOLYHVDQHNDKDWLE�NLIúNLULQOLEHQGDZvE�(YNHVMLVvPVDUrQGvorWLUE�:vWXNHVQHGL[DSDQGoDZDELU\DQGLNLUKHUWLúWELZvDZD\vELUrYHGLELU(ZMvELVD\DSLVPDPHN[ZHNHWLE�YvNDUv-LKHIWH\rDQMvPHKrFDUrGXNHVGLúDQGVHUrvQVDQrMrUHKH]DUPDUNGLPD+DGv�VvPVDU[ZHELKHYGDQQDVvQ6vPVDUSrQFKH]DUPDUNMrGL[ZHVWKDGvGLFvGHVDUE�6vPVDUVHGHPDSHUH\r]rGHMrUH YHJRW

3LúWvUL\DDYrNHWWDO�NH\r�HZTDVNHVGLUL\DQGHPLULQúRIrUMvoDUKH]DUPDUNGL[ZD]LQ'LPvQHKH]DUPDUNMLZrKH]DUPDUNrMvH]KLQHNGLGLP\HNvGvrGvGLPvQHMLPLQUH%R[DWLUDQH]VrVHGrGvMvMLWHQDJLULP

6vPVDUMLQDYoH\DZDQE�+DGvo�WrOHIRQr6RIvNLU*HUHKH\DURMDPD\vMrUHKH]DU�SrQFVHGPDUNELúDQGLED+DGvPvQDGHORGvQDQGLPHúL\D

6RIvELWHYv=HUv[DQULFDMLJXQGL\HNNLULE�=rUELGH\QZHUJLUWLE��MLKDGvUHELUrNLULE�+DGv�VvPVDUGvVDKHYXGXGvWLQ/rVvPVDUErKrYvE�JHUHNHVrQGLúDQGKLQHNELúLEL\DúRIrUrQWLUDQ+DGvKrMvZHNH]DURNHN[X\DGLNLU+DGvPDUNrQ6RIvMrUHúDQGLE�MvGDVvPVDU6vPVDUPDUNrQOLQLNPDPRVWHMvJLUWLE�7DUvNHWLE�HUGr6vPVDU+DGvELUKLQGDúRIrUùRIrUOL+DGvQLKrUv1HNHWVHUv%LGHVWrVvPVDUJLUW�ML+DGvG�UNHW´(]GLWLUVLPKvQD]DURNHZrOLELNHYLQúLNr´6vPVDUKLQHNMvEL[HPJvQv�GLOVDUvKDWQLN+DGv�UHZúrMrUH

JRW:HOHNXUrNHUrGLWLUVHWHELEH0DUNGDQ+DGv�[DWLUMr[ZHVW+DGvErKrYvE�$QRU�UHZúDZvQHGLKLúWEL]vYvUHJXQG-LNHVrQMLNDUHVDW�DIDWDGL

QDYEHUDÌWDO\D�$UQDZLWWH[LODVE�E�QMr\HNKHYDOrZvE��OL6WHQEROE�Kr7rOHIRQrZvNLU+HYDOrZvGLWrOHIRQrGHQDYrVvPVDUHNMLQDYoH\DZDQE��OL6WHQEROELFvE�E�JRW/LJRUvKHYDOrZvUL\DKHUvEDúQLKDHZUrE�

7rOHIRQDVvPVDUZHUJLUWLE�6vPVDUMLJXQGrZDQ]HZLFvE�*RWLQrQZvMv\HNEL\HNGLúLEL\DJRWLQrQVvPVDUrQGv

³7XKHPDVLZDUEHZHUHODZrKHYOLQJrPLQMvYD\HOLYLU(ZUDTrQZvDPDGHQH+HPDVLZDUEH*HUHVLEHKrHPNDUrWH\rIHUPv[LODVELNLQ.XWXOLÌ]PvUVDHWGLGHKDQGHVLZDUEvVLEHKrVDHWGLKHIWDQMvKH\úWDQGHOLYLUv(]OLSrúUrZLQJHKDOLEHQGDWHPH´

5HZúHNHELPLM�G�PDQ+HUD[vQHNEL[ZHUHGHVWHNJRúWMLFDQrZvGLELU.XUHZúDEDYr[ZH�GL\D[ZH\DNXZH[Wr]rUGH\QNLULE�QGLDQvEHUoDYr[ZHZroD[r[ZHSLo�NGLGvW�ODQHWDN�oLNDQOL[ZHGLDQv+HUrúrML[ZHUHGLNLUKr]DELU\DUrZrOL(ZU�SDELúHY�URMEL[HELWL\D%HUL\DKHUWLúWvGH\QELGD'�UHKrYL\rQGr�EDYELFvELDQL\D

d�KRWrOr[DWLUMLúrZLUPHQG[ZDVW*RWLQHNNXúrZLUPHQGQHOLEHQGrE�JRW;ZH]vWXQLYvVNDUHNE�\D/LKHPvUrZLQJHKDQJHUvGDNXNvMDQHU]DQE�5DvF�EXKDELDZD\HNIHUPvJLú\HN

E�OrGvVDMvKLQHNDQHU]DQGLELU%LOrWZHUJLUW%LTDVvVDHWHNrOLZDQGHYHUDQo��KDW'LUrGHoDYOLHUGQvJDUL\rGLJHUDQGOrWDUL\rHZNH\VQHGLGDZv5rZL\rQGLYDQ

UL\DQGHErGHQJE�Q.HoLNDNXKRVWHVvGLNLUVLSDVL\r[ZHGHUGLNLUNXUrZL\DQúvUNHWDZDQELMDUWL\H+HUZLKD]DJRQrQUrZLWL\rMvELEvUDUrZL\DQGL[LVW3LúWvGXVDHWDQNHoLNSRúHWrQTHKZH\rrQoD\EHODYGLNLU-LKrOHNYHMvELEvUGL[LVW

NX³FROD´MvKH\H:D[WrKDWQLN+DGvML+DGvMvSLUVv+DGvKLQHNMvELIHGvGLUDQrQ[ZHrQ]HUE�\vYHGLúDUWELGHQJHNQL]P³4HKZH´*RW.HoLNGLVHUZvGH[ZDUE�´(YNHVrQHYTDVELVHUEHVWvGLD[LYLQ\HNQHKrMDKvWLOvNDWH\HWXMLERoLHYTDVELúHUPWHYGLJHUvPDQHKH\IDWH\H´D[DIWLQDNHoLNrPvQDVDWLODDYDVDUELVHUGHULML\D%LErGHQJvOLNHoLNrQLKrUv

*RWLQrQNHoLNrE�VHGHPNXOLúHUPD[ZHELILNLUH'LúHYEXKrUNDQGHELVDHWDQOLVHUoRQJDQErGHQJUXGLQLúWLQ+HUWLPZDQ]LPDQr[ZHWHUEL\HGLNLU'LELVWDQMLERZDQKX]XUD\H]GDQE�(YWLúWNXOLKLúrZvFDUHNGvWHU GLE�QVHUvGLKHMDQG&DUrNXELPHOH\rIHUPvUHGHUEDUrROGHNHWLE�JHQJrúL\rOLNXE�GLJXQGGHIHUPDQOrGLKDWUDNLULQMLDOv

NDOHSvUDQYH7XWLúWrQ[HUDEMvQHJRWLE�KHZMLPHODKrYvNLULE�NXKLQHNMvEDODvQVDQDQYHELNLúvQHVHUUDVWL\DZDQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 26/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

:D[WrWR]DTHKZH\rGLULMDQGvVNDQDSLODVWvNEvUDQvQHNZvELEvUDZvKDW+rKHúWVDOvE�%DYrZvDUGrVDOrEHUGLGDNHZDUDDUG(ZúOIWD]vNLUE��NLULE�NHZDUv:vDUGGLGHZLVDQGGDNXDUGELFvELEH3LúWvMLNHZDUrGHUNHWLE�ELDZrQH\HNSLo�NOL[ZHPr]HNLULE�5DKLúWE�NHYLUDQ�ELorU�GLM�QDQUHDYrWLE�GL\D[ZH+HPvMLQrQFvUDQELZvNHQL\DE�Q.HQDZDQHZErWLUVRUNLULE�%DVNrQoDYDQGDGL[LVW�ELOLQGGLNLUGDNXKrULUrQHGLQ[ZH

/LEHUGHUrUrZLQJHKrVvPVDUOLEHQGDZvE�+HPvUrZvEHUELVHUZvVDQDYEDMrUYHPHúL\DQ(ZPDOLVHUSL\DQ6vPVDUQr]vZvE��´+DGv´JRW+DGvPHUKHEDOrGD+HUGXMvOLVHUZvVrVLZDUE�Q6vPVDUSDVDSRUW�QDVQDPH\DZvMrJLUW3DVDSRUWD[ZHMLKDYvQrGHZHNHWHYGvUZHUJLUWLE�6vPVDUHZELUPDOD[ZH�MLERQDYv]H\D%XOJDUGHUNHWo�

ÇYDUvYv]HJLUW�KDW0HULYrQZvKHE�Q/LGHUL\rVvQRUMv\HNGvWLE�6HUrKHUUrZL\rSrQFVHGPDUNGLGDNHVrGLGHUvGHSH\ZLUGDU:vMvúvUHWrQ[ZHOL+DGv�OLODZrKHYOLQJr[ZHGLNLU

/L%XOJDUZrMLQLNHNErSrúL\DZHKXQKvoPHUHTQHNLQ/LVHUZHKHU\HNvJHUHVrKH]DUPDUNPDEH%LYrJRWLQrGL[ZHVWTLVHMLZDQELNLúvQH+DGvSrGHU[LVW�VHUv OLJRWLQDZvELUv

0LQKH]DUPDUNGDWHOLVHUPLQPDVrKH]DU�GXVHGPDUN5DVWL\rMrUHQHJRW

6vPVDU´1H[HPH´*RWoD\MLZDQUHGDJLUW�GRPNLU³'LYrKXQKHU\HNKH]DUPDUNMvELGLQMLQLNDOL%XOJDU3LúWvKXQGHUEDVv =DJUHSE�Q

GXKH]DUrPD\vMvELGLQ+HPR+HPRMLMLQDYoH\DPH\H(ZSLUEDúGL[HELWH+XQYL\DEL]DQLELQEHVHoLGLEHNrIDZv\HGDZL\DGDZvKXQrGHUEDVELQ´

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 27/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

dLYvNHN%DVNúLNHVWv 

³dL\DELOLQGGH(]WHQDEvQLP6RUJXOVRUE�QH(]QDoLUSvQLP

(]GLOGLVHUGLOr[ZH�WHUDQDKHZvQLP´ 

-L]DUJRWLQr

/L=DJUHSE�Q+rYvrGvOL+DGvGLVHULGv+HPROLODZrPDPr[ZHSLUVv0DPrZv�VvPVDUrOL6WHQEROKHYOLQJrKHYE�Q+HPDPDUNMLZDQ[ZHVW+DGvGHU[LVWPDUNGDQZv'LSR]r[ZHGHYLQGLD[LYv<HNvSLúWOrKLQHN[�]E�1r]voLOVDOE�WHPHQrZv-LQD

Zv%RVQD\vE�-LZLUú�QGHKH\D6LORYHQ\DZvNHVGLúDQGLQ/L6LORYHQ\DMvVvPVDUHNGvKHE�NHVMLZLUGHUEDVvÌWDO\DGLNLU+HPRZHNHNXPL]JvQELGHZDQGLD[LYv

ùDQVrZHSLUHKXQrKHPDvúHYELUrELNHYLQ:HKHU\HNoLTDVMLER[HUFOL[rSHUHPDOLVHUZH"

+DGv²6HG�SrQFvPDUNrPLQPD/DZrPDPrZvKHZNHQL\DÇYDUvEHUGHVWr+HPRKDWHZJLUWLQ�NHWLQUr(ZOL+LUYDWvVWDQOLPDOHNELFvNLULQ�

o�0D]�YDQrPDO]LODPHNSrQFvVDOv�MLQDZv\DoLO�SrQFVDOvE�<HNDUXQHUP�GHYOvNHQ

E�'HQJHNSLUQHUPOLVHUE�-LQLNrUXúHOWMLERQLYvQrQZDQDPDGHNLULE�+HPDMLNXOvQr[ZDDULQrQDPDGHNLULE�OLVHUPDVH\rELFvNLU7HZUrQZrrQJHUPErKQOLL+DGv�KHYDOrZvILUHKGLNLU

+DGvQHMLZDQNHVrQ[HUvEvGLNLúDQGMLZDQE�OLQDYoH\rMvOLJHOHNPDODQE�E�PrYDQ%LoDYJRUHQvúDQrKHYDOr[ZHMvGD%LGHVWDQGHVWúRNrMLMLQLNr SLUVv-LQLNZHNH[HOHWL\HNNLULEHELNHQ´<D\D³JRW�FL\rDYGHVWrUrZDQGD+HUGX\DQMvJRUHVHU�oDYrQ[ZHúXúWLQ+DGvJRUH\rúLOGLGHVWGHEHUELGHUrSrúYHPHúL\D-LQLNELWLUVEH]L\DJRUHMLGHVWZvJLUW�ELGHVWDQ[ZHVW MLZDQUHELErMHNXJHUHHZWXFDUGHUQHNHYLQGHUYH+HUGX\DQMvELúvURYH\DQMLMLQLNrIrPNLULQ

<HNv[ZvQúvUvQE�:H[Wr[ZDULQGL[ZDUMLQLNELUHKP�úHZTHWOLZvGLQLKrUv%LUHQJr[ZHMvGLúLEL\DHZU�SL\DQZD[WrOLÌ]PvU GLPDODEHUGHVWrVvPVDUGHúvUHWOLUrZL\DQ

NLULE�MLUrZL\DQMr\HNvMLZvUH´%LODWX[HPDWHWXQHEHOHZUHWXGLúLEvZDQ´JRWLE�:v MvGLELQoDYDQUHOLMLQLNrGLQLKrUvJHORMLQLNELoL\r[ZHGL\DZvELEvUDZvWvQH

-LQLNKvQvKLQSH\YrQELNXUGvMvE�E�3LúWvZDQ[ZDULQ[ZDU´+HZDOVLSDV"´JRW�IHUDTrQOLVHUPDVH\rEHUKHYNLU+DGvMvDOvNDUvGDZrKDGvJDYrQGRVWDQL\rDYrWLE�+H\DSLúWvGHVWrQ[ZHúXúWMLQLNrELGHVWDQVHUrZvPLVGD�SrNrI[ZHúE�+HYDOrZvMvZHNHoDYQDVL\DZvELSHVvQH´ÌúrWHvúHMLQLKDGHMLQLNPvQDNXGL\DWHEHELDOvNDUL\DMLQLNrEHMvWX\rGHUEDVEv´JRW�NHQL\D+DGvOLKHUFL\vKH\DMLGHVWGLKDWKHYRNGLELMDUWLQ

-LQOLKHUFv\vMLQHNXPrUNDQvEHHZGLELQ$YD0H]LQ$YD0H]LQPLOHN0�UDGrE�+HUGXMvKLQHNErGHQJPDQ;HPJvQv�ErKDOL\DZDQOL[ZHúDMLQLNro�-LQLNrELWHQrQHKLQSH\YrQELNXUGvGL]DQLE�KHUZLKDNHVrQNXUG�GHUXQL\DZDQMvKLQHNGL]DQLE�HZGLNLOL\HNGHPvQDOHKL\rQELKDUrGLFRúL\DQGLNrOL\HNGHMvSHUvúDQGLE�Q'HQJOLZDQNLU´+HZDOVLWLUHQ´JRW�ELGHVWG[ZD]NLUNXELODGHQJrZDQQL]PEH(YE�WLúWDNX+DGvWXFDUQHGLNDULE�ELFvELDQL\DVWUDQJRWLQ+HYDOrZvMvErGHQJPD

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 28/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

-LQLNELVHUZDQGHQHo�%LVHGDQNHVOLPDODZrE�E�QPrYDQ6HUrKHUvQVDQGLUDYMLVvPVDUGLJLUW&DUQDKLQNHVELPHKDQPDE�QOLPDODZr0rUrZrELURMWXFDUOLPDOQHGLVHNLQv(ZKLPMLGLUDYGLO[ZHúE�KLPMvMLvQVDQDQNXELWHQrQHGLPD

'RWLUDURMrKHUGXOLVHUQLYvQDQZHNHNXOLJXQGrZDQGLKDWJRWLQEr[HPUD]DE�Q7DYOL[rQvúvUvQE�E�=LODPrMLQLNrGvVDMLPDOGHUNHW�o�5RMOLZDQE�E�QvYUR+HUGXMvúL\DUE�Q

+DGv KLQJL\DMLPDOGHUNHWLE�ELoDYHNMLGLOOLEHUDZrQH\rOL[ZHPr]HQHNLULE�'HVWGDWXQFLND[ZH�GvVDGDDOL\HN/DZD]E�E�%HUoDYOrN�UE�E�Q0LOEHUELSDúYHOL[ZHILUHKNLU+DWHKROr-LQLNrKHUGXGHVWELOLQGNLU�MLKHU\HNvGHKPDUN[ZHVW+HUGX\DQMvEr[HPGHU[LVWPDUNGDQMLQLNr-LQLNrKrWDúWrGDZDQdHUoDZDE�ZrGLQDYURMHNDQGXURMDQGHELo�QD/rURMGvVDOL+DGvoHSGL]LYvUvÇYDUvELTDVvoDUNHVrQGvMvDQvQZLU6DHWGLQHKrúHYrGHKHUoDUUrZL\rQZrURMrELWHYvKHYDOr+DGvELULQ+HPRQHOLZLUE�EHUGHVWrZvNXUrZL\rQEDN�UvMrUHH\D[ovGLJRWLQHZGLELULQ+DGvELKrULúMLZvNHVvSLUVvNXMLERoLQDEH:vNHVv[ZHOLUHEHQvGDWDQv�ELWLUNv EHUVLYGD\r´5LFDHGHULPEDQDV|\OHQHQL\DSL\RUXP6DQLULPVRUXQSDUDGLU+HPRSDUDLVWL\RU´7LNDGLNLPWLúWDMLPLQUHKDWHJRWLQH]ELFvWvQLP]HQGLNLPNXSLUVJLUrNGLUDYH+HPRGLUDYGL[ZD]H+DGL\rNXHZTDVUXQHUPE�QLKDMLZvDJLUGLEDUv

øWHV|\OHQHSDUDVLEXUGDEDúLPDELUúH\JHOLUVHKLoELULQL]LQVRQXL\LROPD]-LVHUHELErMHMLERoLGLUDYNXOLYDQGHYHUDQWLúWHNELVHUrPLQGHErGDZL\DZHJLúNDQS�oH

+DGvELWHQrPDE�1HGHQJr]DURNDQQHMvGHQJrDMDODQMLGHUGRUGLKDW=LPDQWXQHE�NXELMLQLNrUHELD[LYL\D-LoDQWHSLUW�NGHU[LVW+HOEHVWrQNXrGvMLEHUNLULE�GvVD[ZHQG3LUW�N[ZHQGLQMLERQDNXUXPHWDMLQLNrOLKHPEHUZv]rGHELEHE�E�VHGHPHNGv

-LQLNrKHUNXKHU URMMLKHUNHVvGHKPDUNGLJLUWMv[ZDULQrQELEXKDDPDGHQHGLNLU3LUvFDUDQMvWDúWrQHGLGDOHZUHUrZL\DQGL[ZHVWLQZH[WGL[HZrGHGHUEDVELNLQ-LQLNrGLZH[WrWDúWrGHHZúL\DUNLU1DYURMrMvGv]DKHUvELQDYMLZvUHDPDGHNLU-LZr[ZDULQrrYDUvQHGDPrUr[ZH1HGL[ZHVWPrUrZrELEvQH

3rQFURMOr GHUEDVE�E�Q7XNHVQHGLKDWQHMvGLo�FDUQDWrOHIRQMLMLQLNrUHGLKDWOr+DGvQHGL]DQvErNDPrUrZr\HDQVvPVDULQÇYDUDSrQFDQGXNHVrNGvDQvQ(ZDOHZL\HNdRULPvE�ùHYDSrúvQ+DGv[ZHOLZvQHNLU[ZHGv5RMDGvWLUKHYRNrQNXrdRULPvELNDUGLDQvEDODZvYHNLúDQG+HUNXGLo�THúD\DMLúHUGLQDYEHUDZDQGHFvGDE�[ZHGLKHOL\D1DYrZvFLZDPrUv'X]JXQE�-L+DGvUHGL\DUNLUNXEDSvUrQZvML'rUVLPNRovdRULPNLULQH%rKQOL+DGvILUHKE�E�'X]JXQSLUGLUrGHQHPDE�:rSLúWvELo�\DÌWDO\DGr]DYD�[ZLúNDZvELWH[VL\rELKDWDQDSrúL\DZv'HVWHN+DGvOLVHUGLOGLD[LYv

(YSrQFURMLQH]OLYLULPOrH]QL]DQLPErNDOLSrú[rQvoLKH\HUHQJr[rQvrGHUYHoLUHQJHOL GHUGRUD[rQvDYKH\HDQoD\LU�ovPHQ

-LQLNrEDOD[ZHGDE�GHVWr+DGvrOLVHUGLO;HPJvQE�%LúHY+DGvGL[HZrGHQDOL\DE�-LQLNro�E�OLZvQLKrUvE�NXHZGL[ZrGDQrGHE�E�PvQDDY+LQHNMvELODYDWv MLPrUr[ZHWLNDNLULE�NXGDNXMLVvPVDUDQUHELJRWDELOD+DGvMvELúDQGDQD-LEHUNXUHQJ

 MvOL+DGvQHULQGE�EDOD'X]JXQMvNLúDQG0DWXQH[ZHúv"1DQDKLQHNErKQDPLQoLNL\D.XHPSHYUHELoLQÌWDO\DHPrWHMvKH\D)UDQVDELWH[VL\rELELQ6HZHNHH]GvOJLUWLELPEr\vNXKHTrZvEHGLUDYMLPLQGL[ZD]H=XOP�]RUGDUvKHZUHQJGLJXKHUHQLKDHPGLGHVWZDQGHQHVHELU�DUDPv<HNvUDKLúWPHONHVrGvMvFLO�[DOvWLN�]GLNLU-LQLNGLNHQv+HUVrUXQLúWLQ+DGvoL[DWML

GHVWGX]JXQJLUW�ELZDQOvVWLNGDOvVNDQGLQ'X]JXQELEHMQD[ZH�ELUL\rQUHú�VLPELODVWXUGLLúLEL\D'rUVLPL\DQ'HQJHNVWXU

OLVHUE�0RUDOGLGD+DGvdL\DQLNDULQVHUvEL[RUW�NHorQZHUHELNLúvQLQoLELWHKDWL\HPDWXGLGHVW

úHEHNH\rQErQDP�VGHNHWL\vHPDQrQHNXHZMLKH]NLULQDOrMLWLUVDT�QD[ZHEHMvKHUNHVvGHUEDVGLNLQ0DQHWHJRWMLQDYoH\DZH\H'LOr[ZHILUHKELNH(]VR]GLGLPWH

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 29/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

NXHPrKH\DGDZvSHYUHELQ-LKrOHNYHOLEHUGLOr+DGvGLGDOrUHQJOLZvMvTLPLWvE�+HUGXELWHYvGHPDNLQMvQHoDUE�QNXELKHYEHOHGE�QD

+DGvKHZOGLGDNXKHYRNrQKHUvQHUP�úvUvQELELMrUH�ELNDUEvQH/LKrOHNYHMvKHZOGLGDNXZHNHúHODIvQH\rGvWLQ

'LYrUrZLWL\rGHH]EL[ZH�ELUDVWL\D[ZHKHVL\DPQLKDKLQHNEHMvELUDVLW\DWH�UDVWL\DrQGvUDVWL\DPD]�YDQrQPHGL]DQLP�H]GL]DQLPNXHPGHUEDVELELQMvHPr

ELNHYLQQDYDGLOrGrZHNHKHIWVHUvWXGL]DQvELTDVvNXWr]DQvQovURNJRWHJRW�HIVDQHQHHZTDVG�ULQ%HONvMvHPKrMvELúHQVLQKvoQHEHOLVHUDYrPHONHPRWQr]vPHQHE�.XWXQHKDWLED\voLGHUHZELNLPH]rWHQJH]DUE�PD

%LWLUNvGLD[LYvQ/HZUHMvFDULQDQ+DGvMLERGHUELUvQrSH\YQHGLGvWZroD[rMvJRWLQOrJLUDQGLE�

3DQ]GHKURMOLZDQTHGL\DE�+HIWNHV�MLQLNHNEL]vVWDQDQvQ+HUGXMvELNrIE�Q´9rFDUr³GLJRWKDGv´9rFDUrHPrMLYLUMv[LODVELELQ´

ÇYDUvPD]�YDQNHWKXQGLUELGLMZDUvNHQOLU�EHODYE�'HUEDVvKRGH\DUD]DQrE�+DGv�'X]JXQOLEHUGHVWrMLQLNrZHNHGXNHorQMrKDWv[HELWvE�Q(Z]rGHMvQHZHVWL\D\LE�-LER+DGv�'X]JXQ UXúHOWGDQvVHUTHQHSH\DQ+RGHQvúDQrMLQND]vVWDQGD+LQHNIrNv�PrZHrúXúWLE�MvGDQvEHUVHUrMLQLND]vVWDQ;rQL\rZDQGXTDW

E�:HNHKDYvQJHKHNE�-LQLND]vVWDQ�MLPrUDQ\HNEHUGHZDPvSHYUHGLD[LYvQ.HEDQL\DPDOrMLER]LODPrNXWL\rMLQLND]vVWDQE�MvUXúHOWHNGDQvVHUTHQHSH\DVr\HPvQGDNXHZMvOLKLQGD+DGv�GX]JXQUD]r-LERrQPD\vMvOLKRGH\DTDWrGX\HPvQFvDPDGHNLU

:D[WrNHEDQvo�KRGH\D[ZH\DUD]DQr]LODPrZrOLVHUQLYvQDQN�U�G�UGLILNLUv-LQLNMvNHWQDYQLYvQDQ+HUGX\DQMvODZHN[ZHGLúHUGHZHQGDNLULE�Q/LKHPEHUNHVrQOLZDQGLE�QPrYDQZHNHNXSH\ZLUHNMvELFvEvQLQWHYGLJHUL\DQ+HUURMMvGvPHQrQúHUrQNLUrWELZDQUrZL\DQUHFDUHNGvGLML\DQ=LODPrGvDFL]E�E�MLYvNDUv-LKrOHNYH MvGLUDYrQGLVWDQGELU\DUELZvSDúYHGL[LVWGDNXGHYMLYvNDUvEHUHGH.HEDQvVHUvGDQvVHUVvQJDZv'L[ZHVWMLDYrQHUPWLUEHELU\DUGDE�NXMLERQD+DGvWLNDML]LODPr[ZHELNHGDNXMLZvUHELEHDOvNDU=LODPrZrKvQMvZHNHNHYLUHNKLúNHVDUErEHUWHNvGLILNLUv.HEDQvUDE�ZrQH\rODZr[ZHDQv/LVHUQLYvQDQUXQLúW�GHVWELJLUvNLU=LODPVHUvMLVHUEDOvIUDNLUZrQHMLGHVWZrJLUW�HZKHPEr]NLU-LKrOHNYHMvOrERUvQMLZrGL[ZHVW

*HUHH]rGvELU\DUHNZHUELJLULP[L]DQvMLYrrúrorWLUHWXMLVLEHKrKH\DrYDUrOLVHUSL\DQv

.HEDQvELFRú´1DQDH]QHMLNDUELJD]LQLPMLWHWLNDGLNLPNXWXML+DGvUHELEvDOvNDU1v\HWD+HPRWXQH\HZvGHUEDVELNH7HHZURMELGvWDGHVWGDWDQLE�VHUGLO(]ZHNH MLQHNOLKHPEHUZrGvPHQrPDPGLúHUPrGH

7XGL]DQvKH\DHZGLUDYQHVWvQLQGLMZDUH+LQHNEL[RI�úLN(PJHORHP QLNDULQKLQHNDOvNDUvELGLQZvJRW�PrUr[ZHMLGLO�FDQKHPEr]

NLU

=LODPFDUGLQVHUvGDQvVHUEDOvI´%DúH´JRW'RWLUDURMrEHUrYDUv+HPR�EHUGHVWr[ZHMvKDWLQ0D]�YDQELWD\EHWvEL+HPR�EHUGHVWrZvUHGLD[LYv

-LQDPLQMLPLQ�MLZHWLNDGLNHGDNXKXQNHVrELQDYr+DGvELúvQLQEDZHUGLNLPNXQH[ZHúHMv+HPRKLQHNILNLUvELSR]rVROD[ZHKLQHNGvHUGYHNROD�ELKrUVGHVWSrNLU

(YEHODJLúPLQGLEvQLQGHNDHPKLQHN]RUrELGLQVHU NXGLUDYOLVHUWXQHEHHPrELúvQLQ

%LWHYvPDUNrQ6RIvMLZvUHúDQGLE�JLúSrQFKH]DU�SrQVHGPDUNJLKLúWLE�+DGvdDUKH]DUPDUNOLUL\DZvo�E�ùHVHGHPDUN[ZDULE�6rVHGPDUNMvGLZrPDOrGH[HUFNLULE�/LVHUZvPDE�úHVHGPDUN:vKHZGXVHGPDUNGLErUvND[ZHGHKLúWoDUVHGrGvMv

YHúDUWLE�+HPREDQJOLZvNLU:D[Wr+DGvGHUNHW'X]JXQMvGDG�'X]JXQEHUL\DNXKHPRGHVWSrELNHD[LYv:vMLGHUXQL\DNHVrQZDQvErWLUIrPGLNLUHZELVDODQOL6WHQERO PDE��ELKHUWLúWvUHPLM�OE�E�

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 30/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

+XQELMvQDPHGLOH\v]LQ+HPRJRWLQMLGHYZvJLUW-LDOvWHYHWXSLUVJLUrNWXQH\HHPrvúHYZHGHUEL[LQOrZrKDGvOLYLU

ELPvQHSHUH\rQZvNrPLQJHUHKrKH]DUPDUNELGHPH+DGvZHNHNXMLDVvPDQDQGHELNHYH+H]DUPDUNroLOLVWHQEROrPHOLVHUoDUKH]DUPDUNSH\PDQorNLUH][DSvQRNr

ZHPH

+HPRKrMvELULNE�(]EL6WHQEROQL]DQLPJHUHWXSHUHELGvPHGHY�OrYOL+DGvUHú�úvQE�E�[ZH UDQHGLJLUW'X]JXQKrMv]RUGLGDGHUvErND

EHONvYHELNHOr+HPRGHUL\HNDVrE�%LQLKrUH+HPvW%HJNX+DGvELPHUHQH\rH]MvMLYLUQLJQDYrMLPWXGHYHUv.XHP

QLNDULELQELZHHPr[ZHELZHELGLQNXúWLQNXHZMvQHE�HPrKHUUL\vELFHULEvQLQ+HPRUrGDKHYRNrQELKHVWL\DU-L[ZHGrELWLUVLQKHUNHVGLQDY]DU�]ror[ZHGHHPOLVHUYDQUL\DQKHUWLPJLUWLQ�

NXúWLQrGLGLQEHUoDYr[ZHMLERQDoHQGTXUXúSHUH0D+DGvvQVDQrPLQHH]MvQD[ZD]LPOLYLUELPvQH%DúHZroD[rELOD+DGvVR]ELGHPLQNXoX)UDQVDELODKH]DUPDUNvELGHELUD\rQPLQ

+HVDEr+HPRHZKHVDEE�NXoLELGHVWEL[LVWLEDMLNDUrE�+DGvELYDQOvVWLNDQGL]DQLE�OrGvVDMvKLQHNGHVWGLEHU[ZHGHEHUHGD.XYrFDUrMvQHo�EDZroLZH[WELUrNHWLDQHNLIúE�.XGLILNLUvZrGvVDELWHQDVHUr[ZHELPvQH[RIHZUDGLSroDp%DúHEDúH´JRW�OLKHPEHUJRWLQD³+H]DUPDUN´GHUNHW

6R]DPLQVR]HOrH]LQFH[SrQFVHGPDUNOLZLUGLGLPELUD\rWHHZMvSLúWvH]EL[HELWLP

1LoHQLoD'X]JXQE�[ZHUDQHJLUW1HHZvQVDQrWH\HMLErUvNrGHSrQFvGRODUGHU[LVWEHUELGHYrZvGLUrMNLU�

GRPDQG(YHHYvQVDQrZHQHúHUPHWXQLKDPXDPHOH\DGvODQEL+DGvGLNv

+HPRPHOLVvE�%LVrWHOHTDQQHZHNHKXQGL]DQLQZDQv\HELQLKrUHSrQFOr]LPrQPLQGHUEDVE�QJHUHSrQFKH]DUPDUNELGDQDWREHEHNXSrQFTXUXúGDQPLQQHH]WHQrPH+XQMvGL]DQLQHYJDUDQHNErVHUv\H

+DGv´*DUDQoHUJDUDQ³JRW�MLZDQG�UNHW'X]JXQMvGDG�Zv'X]JXQZHNHNXELúHUHIDZvKDWLEHOvVWLQELPDGH\HNWLUúJD]LQOL+DGvGLNLU-LERoL+DGvPHVHOHELWHQrQHSHUH\HZvGR]D[HUDFrOLWHNLU+DGvGvVDGHVWGDVHUGLO�GHUL\rGLOOLZvYHNLU0rUDQL\DvQVDQELWHQrQHGLGHVWvQVDQGH\HHYE�oLTDVGHPQL]DQLPOrH]EDúGL]DQLPNXGL\DPLQKHUWLPOLEHUGHUvUXQLúWL\H�OLEHQGDGHQJHNL\H.XMLNHUEDHZELPLUHH]r[ZHZHNHNXMHUrZrELKHVLEvQLP%LODKD\DWHMrKHEHNXH]ELvQVDQrQZDQv

EDúGL]DQLP/LZHODWrPHHPvQVDQQDELoDUQDYDQELQDYGLNLQ\HN.DZD\HN0HP\HN=vQrGvMvUHP]DKHPvNLULWL\D%HNR(PELFLVQr%HNRGL]DQLQNXIHUVHQGNHWGHVWZDQSr[HPEHUGHYMLSr[HPEHUWL\D[ZHEHUGLGLQ�GLUHYLQ

:D[Wro�\vQrKDWLE�.HEDQvEDQJv'X]JXQ�+DGvNLU(ZELULQNXOvQr+HU\HNvGXSRúHWrQQD\ORQvGDZDQNXGLVHUJRUH\DQGHEL[LQSL\rQ[ZH+HU\HNvSRúHWHNMvGDZDQNXEL[LQoDQWr[ZH'LSRúHWDQGHNDUWROrQ[DúDQGvELWHYvKrNrQ[DúDQGvKHE�Q-LGRODErGHTDWHNSvMDPHGHU[LVWGD+DGvNXOL[ZHELNH+DGvQH[ZHVWELJLUH-LQLNELGHQJHNELOLQG´+HZDOOO´JRW+DGvUDKLúWSvMDPH\DQ-LQLNGHUNHW+DGvSvMDPHOL[ZHNLULQ3vMDPHrQODZrMLQLNrE�Q:D[WrMLGRODErGHU[LVWLE�KLQHN[RIHZJLUWLE�Or+DGvMvrGvZHNODZr[ZHGL]DQLE�&DUD\HNHPE�NXMLEHUo�\vQDNRPHNrúDGQHGLE�+DGv[ZDUE�E�NXGHVWrZrPDoELNH-LQLNDD]vVWDQELGHQJHNQL]PEDQJOL+DGvNLU

%LUD\rPLQWHUHKPDMLQDQGvWL\HQHoLTDVNDILUEHMvvQVDQH+DGvOLMLQLND]vVWDQQLKrUvErEHUVLYQHKLúW+HPRQvúDQrMLQLNrGD�D[LYv;ZLúNDPLQNDILUrPH]LQZD\HGLVHUWHUHVHNLQL\HNDILUQHHYMLQLNH

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 31/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

+HPRELKvUvQGLNHQL\D�GLD[LYv1DQDIHUTDPLQ�ZDQQHPD\HPDMLQDPLQMvMLYDQGHYHUDQH

%LU\DUKDWLE�ZHUJLUWLQJHUH+DGv'X]JXQ�GXNHVHNGvOLWH[VL\D\HNHPvQVLZDUE�QD+DGvEHUL\D NXOLWH[VL\rVLZDUEHSLUVDODZrPDPrZvMrNLU/DZrPDPrWHJLKLúW)UDQVD"1D

(ZMvMLWHQHG�UHMLERNXZroD[rPLQELúvQHWXKHZOQvúDQQHGD:D\rOLÌWDO\DGLNDPSrGH<DKRKHUNHVGL[ZD]H[ZH[LODVELNH1L]DQLPWHWXFDUDQvEHUoDYr[ZHNXURMHNrH]�WXOLZHODWDQMvOLFL\HNGvOLVHUPDVH\rSrUJvKHYErQ1DQDZHOHQDH]rURMHNOLFL\HNJHEHUELELPZrWHZNHVPLULQDPLQMvQHELKvVH

/L6LORYHQ\DE�Q+DGvSrúvWrOHIRQGDGL\D[ZHG�UHMvELMLQLND+LUZDWv YHD[LYv-L MLQLND+LUZDWvUHKHZ´+DGv6LORZHQ\D´JRWLE�

%HUrYDUvVvPVDUrOL6LORYDQ\DHZJLúEHUKHYNLULE�Q(ZVvPVDUMvNXUGHN$PHGvE�'X]JXQKrELVHU+DGvGLNHW´+DGv6LORZHQ\DÇ+DGvQLKDMv+DGvÌWDO\D+DGv)UDQVD+DGv´

6vPVDUOLZLUGROPvúHNNLUvE�%HUGHVWGDSrúZDQ�HZELULQQLNGROPvú/LGROPvú

VLZDUE�Q-LQLND]vVWDQWHQJH]DUGLE�-LVHUrZrUHoHQGURMPDE�Q/LJXQGHNrEHUGHVWrVvPVDUKHPEHUUrZDQGD�´+DDDHZ GHYHUÌWDO\D\HrGvKXQELWHQDVHUr[ZHGLoLQ´JRW

+DGv�'X]JXQKrULúELULQVHUEHUGHVW+H\DNXWXPHMLVvQRUGHUEDVQHNvWXELFL\HNGHQDov7LUVELVHUEHUGHVWNHWLE�:DQMvGL]DQLE�FDUQDGLQDYUrZL\DQGH NHVrQ

EHU[ZLGrUDQMvELEHOD�VHUKLúNKHE�Q-LúRIrUUH´'HWXGROPvúMLYLUG�UEL[HH]KLQHNGvMvZDQELELPKrEL]vYLULP´JRWUrZL\rQGvELPLKQHWOL+DGv�GX]JXQGLQLKrUvQdDYrKHUNHVvOLVHUMLQLND]vVWDE�%LTDVv SrQFVHGPrWUR\vo�QNHOHPWHUELWH[VL\rQVLSvOLZDQGHUNHWLQ

+DGv�'X]JXQEHUELVvQRUYHEH]L\DQÇQGvPDQOLZLU.HOHPWHUMv]rGHQHELULNE�QNXvODKvPZDQELGHVWEL[LQ

%LKHONHKHONGLQDYGDULVWDQrGHGLPHúL\DQ*LKLúWLE�QÌWDO\D6HU�oDYrQZDQVHUGHo�E�'X]JXQSRúPDQE�NXMLQLND]vVWDQELWHYvrQGvOLZLUKLúWLE�Q+DGvZHNHWDVHNDYELVH[HPrQZvGHELULMvQH

0HUHTQHNH6LORYHQ\DMvZHNHÌWDO\D\HZrGRURMDQELKrOLQGLG�UHVr URMGHPELGLQZDQGDNXHZ6LORYDQ\DWHUNELNLQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 32/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

/L6HU%LVWL\HN+LúN

³%LODvQVDQOLGHUr[ZHN�oLNEHMLPLUvWL\DOLGHUr[HONrorWLUH´ ³'XQ\DELTDVvV�NDEDMrUQr]vNE�\H´ 

*RWLQrQNXOLJXQGr+DGvGLKDWELNDUDQvQ

+DGv�'X]JXQOLEDMDUrÌWDO\DOL0vODQR\rOLµJDU¶rUXQLúNDQGvE�Q'X]JXQWrOHIRQr[ZLúND[ZHNLULE�/rJHUHHZMvKH\D)UDQVDELo�\D/LWLUrQrVLZDUE�Q/LJDU\D0DUVvO\D\r\HNvNXELTv]D[DOr+DGvUH]HZLFvE�VHNLQvE�+DGvELPHWHOPD\vGHQJOLZvNLU

+HTv+HTv\HNv]HUH�VHUoDYJLúELQvúDQDQ[HPLOvE�+HVWL\rQKLQDULNrU�HZELEvUD

KHUNHVvGL[LVW'LUDQrQVLSvovOGLGHYGHEHúMLUHQJrVLSvGLNLULQ+DGvKHPEr]NLU´7X�YDQGHUDQ³JRW+DGvGX]JXQELZvGDQDVvQ+HTvWHNOvIDWvELZDQGDNXELoLQPDO'X]JXQML+DGvUH

'HWXrGvELoHJRW/rHYQHMLGLOE�+DGvELNHQ0DvMDHPrKHVDEroLELNLQKH\D[ZLúNDWHQH\rH]ELFL\HNYHQDoLPJRW+HTvEDOD

ZDQNLúDQGVHUFL\rNXHZOrE�Q+XQErND[L]LQNXNHOHPWHUZHELEvQLQZHSDúYHELúvQLQÌWDO\D'HZHULQHPELoLQ

³.DIH´\rKH\D[ZLúND'X]JXQKDW+HUVrPHúL\DQ:D[Wr +HTvGHUr NDIH\rYHNLUGHYOL+DGvMLKHYo�GHK]DUR\rQJXQGrZDQOLNDIH\rE�Q1DYNDIHE�OrHZFvMLDOv\HNvNXUGYHZHNHTHKZH[DQHGLKDWH[HELWDQGLQ'LGHVWZDQNHVDQGHND[L]OvVWLNGLOvVWLQ:D[WroDYrQZDQELKDGvNHWGLQDYZDQGHE�SLVWHSLVW

³1LKDGLErMHH]KDWLPELKXúWr´³'HZHUHELJRúWr[LQ]vUELZHULPH´³3LUQDGXURMrQGvZrVHG[ZHOvOLVHUr[ZHELNH´-LZDQNHVDQVrKHEDQ+DGvQDVQHGLNLULQVr]GHKVDOE�MLZHODWGHUNHWLE�Q-LrQGv

SLUVvQ*LúND[rUKDWLQGD+DGv�'X]JXQ+HTvHZOLVHUPDVH\HNGvGDQUXQLúNDQGLQ+HTvKHPDGHVWELúvUHWDQNLU

(PJLúMLERGLUDYDQOLYDQGHUDQWHPHQOL[ZHS�oGLNLQKHZNDUrDYDGDQL\rOLYLUKH\H+LQHNDQELUL\rQGvEDUr[ZHJLUWLQH=LYLVWDQDNDUWXQH\H-LERQDNXvQVDQGLUDY

EHUKHYELNHJHUHvQVDQQHoHNDIH\DQ;ZDULQKH\DWXErHU]DQHOrWLúWrQOXNVSLUELEXKDQH+rJRWLQGLGHY+HTvGHE�ODZrPHWLND+DGvOLZDQGHUNHW´:HH\\\+DGv´JRW�HZKHPEr]NLU/L ZHODWMv+DGvWXFDUEHOHGL\D[ZHELODZrPHWLND[ZHQHGLDQvHZKHUWLPGLDVNRUrQTHKZH[DQH\DQGHE�+HUF�UHGHUZOLQLNZvKHE�Q+rEvVW[XOHNGHUEDVQHE�E�QUDE�VHUSL\DQ�KHZOGD[DWLUMLZDQEL[ZD]H

+DGvHPrKHYXGXELEvQLQQLKDNDUHNPLQvPXKLPKH\H'HVWDYrWErUvNrNXJR\DGHUKHTrTHKZH\DQELGH+HTv´+Lúúúú´JRW+DGvQHPD[ZHUDJLUWSHUH\rQNXZvGDQLE�VHUPDVH\rDYrWVHUZv�SHNDQGVHU

+HUHvúr[ZHPrURRRRNHVQHKHZFH\vSHUH\rQWH \H/L[ZHúD+DGvQHo�E�+DGvOLKrYvE�NXODZrPHWLNDZvKvoQHEHVroDUURMDQOL

Zv[ZHGvGHUELNHYH'X]JXQMLD[DIWLQrQZDQWXWLúWIrPQHNLU+HTv[ZHVWGLOOL+DGvILUHK

ELNH 7XKrYL\DoLMLZvGLNvPDOr]LPvQHEHVvKHUWLúWL\H

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 33/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

+DGv´'HYMrEHUHGHPHML]�GHGHYMLOr]LPWL\rEHUHGD\H+HTvNXWXEL[ZD]vWXMvGLNDUvELovPDOvDYD+HYDOHNPLQKH\HKD\DZvMLPLQKH\HH]�ZvQHOr]LPLQOrHZMLERPLQFDQr[ZHMvGLGH

+HTvOLKHPEHUWHZUrQ+DGvQHPDGL]DQLE�oLELErMH´+HYDO´JRW´/LYLUNXQHMLKHYDODQEHGrKLQHNT�QD[ZHMLGHUSrELDYrMLQZroLQHQHUrQYDQGHUDQErWHVHUrZDQ0HMvQHNHWD\rODZrPHWLND[ZH´

+DGvELOrERUvQEL+HTvUHGLD[LYv1DQDH]WLNDGLNLPELODWLúWQH\rVHUGLOrWH'X]JXQELúHUPvML+HTvUHJRWGLYrHZWrOHIRQr[ZLúND[ZHELNH+HTvWrOHIRQDErUvNrGDGHVW'X]JXQ'X]JXQSLúWvD[LYvKHPDUDE�VHUSL\DQ�ZDWH\DOH]D[ZHMLZDQUHMvJRW

;ZLúNDPLQOLJDUrOLEHQGDPLQH5DE�Q/LGHUrNDIH\r'X]JXQOL+DGv]LYLUv+DGvUHZúDNDIH\rOL[ZHúDWHQHo�QHH]�\HNvNXUGNXELoDQGDNXUGvUH

WrNLOGDUE�FDUrOLVWHQEROrGLJHUL\DQ(ZKHYDOELJD]LQE�:D[WrHPGLEHUGHUL\rTHKZH[DQH\HNUHGHUEDVE�QKHYDOELJD]LQMLYDQDMLVHGvMrKH\úWrNXGLQGH\HNML[ZHUHQDNH[HPNXELoHURMQDPH\D[ZHU�ELNXUGvEL[ZvQHJRW'�UHZHNHNXMLJRWLQD[ZHSRúPDQELEHHYWLúWMLPLQUHJRWLE�vQVDQrQ NXML[DNDNXHYvQrQZrQHKDWLELQQLYvVvQGX

WLúWGLKHULNLQKHUGXWLúWMvELUHQJLQ+DGvELNHQHZKHPEr]NLU(YJRWLQOLD[DIWLQDZv]rGHNLU.XWXEL[ZD]vGrWXHYvQrQ[DNDPHEL[ZvQv%DSvUrQPLQELGHYNvML]�GH ZDQHYvQDQOLPLQúHZLWDQGLE�QH]OLKHUGHYHUv/L

³%HVr´\DQGLJHULP+DGvZHNHJRJHNMLSLUoDJDorNLUvVLYLNGLPHúL\D+HTvOLG�ZvGLPHúL\D�GL[ZHVW

 MLZvIrPELNHErNDNXGHGLoH*HOHNPDúL\DE�+HTvMvMLEvUYHNLULE�+HVWOrKLQHNVDUE�E�ELWHQrGLUD[ZH�6H\UDQQHGLILNLUv3LúWvODZrPHWLND[ZH'X]JXQ+HTv.HVrQGLNDIH\rGH+HPR�ÇQGvELEvUDQvGvVDOLVHUUDVWL\D[ZHILNLUv+HTvQHPDOLG�ZvPHúL\DGHQJOrNLU

+DGvELNX GHGLKHUv"³+LL´JRWOLZv]LYLUv�OrERUvQ[HVW/LTLV�UDPLQPr]HQHNHGHZHUHELGHSrúPLQHPKHULQPDOD%vODO+HTvKHZ

NHQL\D:H[WrWLOvOLGHUL\rPDODNHNr%vODOGDQMLQELUD%vODOEL)UHQVHZL\HNWHYOvKHYSLUVNLU

NXHZNvQH+HTvELNXUGv´(]LP+HTv´JRW/H\ODQGHUvOLZDQYHNLU%LPHWHOPD\v´3vvv+DGvZvH]ELTXUEDQDWHGHOLVHUSL\DQQHVHNLQLQKXQGLVHUoDYrQPLQUHKDWLQ´JRW�GHUvKH\DGDZvYHNLU$SDUGXPDQHNZHNHNXJXQGHNEHONvWrGH VHG[rQvKHE�ML&H]D\vUDQELJLUHKH\D$IJDQDQMLWLUNDQELJLUHKH\DNXUGDQHUHEDQNHVWrGHGLML\DQ(ZDYDKvELWD\EHWvMLERSHQDEHUDQKDWLE�orNLULQ'LKXQGLUGHKrZLU]HGrZHOHGv

/H\ODQZDQGDUXQLúNDQGLQ�ELTDVvQvYPrWUR\vG�UvZDQOLHUGrUXQLúW3LUVOLVHU

SLUVrDUDVWH\v+DGvGLNLU7HQH]HZLFDQGLQ"'HErMHGL\DWHEDYrWHJXQGvGLoLKDOvGHQH"+DGvELNLQDKvEHUVLYGLGDZr%DúLQZHNHNX WXGL]DQv/H\ODQNHWHUL\DNXOvQr+HTvELUoL\rD[DIWLQrE�'vVDODZrPHWLNDZvELEvUDZv[LVLW

GDNXUrOLJRWLQDQYHELNH+HYDOEL[ZHGrQHMLKHYDODQEHJHOHNMLPHELQH[ZHúL\rQJLUDQGLPLULQGvVDEL

[rUDZDQFDUQDMvEL[rUDoR\DQKLQMLPHGLFL\r[ZHGHGLVHNLQLQQHZHUHEH+DGvIrPNLULE�NXZrKrMLJHOHNEvUDQDYYHEL[ZH/LGvZDUELWHYvZrQH\rUrEHUDQ

FLO�\D]PH\rQGLUHQJrQJHOrUvGHGDOLTDQGvE�Q1LYvVHNEDOD+DGvNLúDQGdDYOL VHUQLYvVrJHUPNLUOrQLNDULE�EL[ZHQGDùHUPNLUNXUDEHEL[ZvQH+HTvKD\GDUvQrUvQrQZv

E�:HNHNXKD\ZvMLPHUHTD+DGvWXQHEHUDE�VHUSL\DQ�QLYvVELGHQJ[ZHQG³+HUJLKDOLVHUNRND[ZHúvQWroDYrQOLGHUL\DQ[ZHOvOLVHUL\DQVHUrPHVHUr[rUQHGvWL\DQHHPGLQDYEHUDGXoHPDQGHWvPDQH´ML[H\QvJRWLQDGDZvNXML'DVWDQD

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 34/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

0HPr$ODQKDWLE�ZHUJLUWLQrQGvJLúPHWHORNE�Q+HTvELWHYLUELGLOrKDGvNHWLE�NXZvELQDVH

0rUrOH\ODQrOLYLUoDYrZvQHOLG�PDOrGXQr\HHZOLG�NDU�EDUrJHOH:HúDQDQHZGLJLKvQHPH%vODOMvMLWHQHorWLUEHvQVDQHN[ZHúPrUH

/H\ODQOLVHUVLIUH\rMLKrOHNYHNrI[ZHúL\D[ZHGHUGLNLUNX+DGvOLZDQE�\HPrYDQOLDOv GvMvODQHWOLG�UL\D[ZHGLDQv

'HH]ELTXUEDQSLúWv[ZDULQrDYMvOL[ZHELNHNX%vODOErZrMLPLQJD]LQELNHNXPLQUXPHWQHGD\HWH.HNRTXUEDQWHGvWMLMLQrQOLJXQGZHWLUHPOLYLUGL]LNrGL\D[ZHGHQHEL[rUWX\rQLKDKHUWLúvOLEHUoDYr[ZHELEvQv

.HYovGLGHVWKDGvGHZHNHJX]DQVLIUHMvZHNHGLOrQH[ZHúHNOLVHUPDVH\rEL[RI�[HPGLELUVDKDQr6HUvOL/H\ODQELOLQGNLUELGHQJHNELúHZDWWHYOvVRKEHWrE�

1DrWrQDEL[ZHGrJLúELKDOrZHGL]DQLQOr[ZHGL[DSvQLQEHONvMvELZDQJRWLQDQGL[ZD]LQWHVHOL\D[ZHEL[LQrGvWHOHYv]\RQGLKHUPDOvGH\HNHVQHGLJXKrJDGH\H:D[WrKXQGLKDWLQZHODWZDQQHGL[ZHVWPRUDODZH[LUDEELNLQGLUDVWL\rGHHZELKDOrZHGL]DQLQ

+DGvMvKHZOGDNXVLIUH\rEL/H\ODQUHUDELNH/H\ODQ´7XvURPrYDQvVLEHKrWHPDP0LQMDQrQYLUMLWHUHJRWOr[ZHúL\rQYLUMvKH\HPHVHOD5H]ROLYLUUXPHWHN

PH]LQOLPLQGLJLUHGLGLOGHKLQGLNEHMvMLWLUVDGHUGRUrPrUrQPHJLúNDQOLYLUMLMLQDQQHUPWLUE�QH´JRW�OL+HTv]LYvUvNXD[DIWLQDZrELVHOPvQH´1HZHUH\H+HTv"´

Ç\DUDVWMvHYHZvPDEHUrMvoLTDVNLODPrQGLODQKHE�QPrUDQWrGH[ZHELTXUEDQDMLQDQGLNLU

/H\ODQELNHQGDEHU+H\DGL]HZLFvQHPGL]DQLQEHUL\DEHUL\rKXQoLNXVRU�NXPUHúE�Q+HUVL\DQGHVWELNHQNLU+HTvGHVW�UMLZDQ[ZHVW/H\ODQ�+DGvKH\DEHUGHUvEL

ZvUHKHYDOvNLU+HTvJRWLQrQOLVHUSL\DQMvUr]NLUKro�+DGvH]KHUWLPOrFHPWHPHH]WXFDUKHUHNHWDWH\DOLTDUúvODZrPHWLNDWHML

EvUYDQDNLP\HNvGLQE�\DZr[ZHELPHOLVDQGD�ELG�ZvELNHWD+DGvKHZNHQL\D+DGvDYOL[ZHNLULE�%HGHQDZvZHNHKR]RUE�dLTDVGL[ZHVWEDVNOLoDYDQILUHK

ELNHMvELVHUQHGLNHW/H\ODQELKDOrZvGL]DQLE�%DOvIHNGDQvVHUTHQHSH\HNrGvUHQJOrTLPLWvE�5�úHOWHNVLSvGDZv�ELGHQJHNQHUPMr[ZHVWNXVHUvGD\QH

4DWrúHYDQE�5H]R%vODO/H\ODQ�PDPRVWH\HNMLJXQGrZDQNXWHTDZLWE�E��MLERVHUHGDQL\DELUD\rQ[ZHKDWLE�)LUDQVDEDVDJXQGGLNLULQ�ELSrNHQL\DQúDGGLE�Q'LOr%vODOEvODOGL[ZDU:H[WrGLNHQvELTHVWvGHQJOL[ZHELOLQGGLNLUGDNXKDGvKrúDUELEH5H]RGLSHNDQGVHU

'vVDSvVL\DWHELWHJLUWL\HELVHELODODZLNUDELNHYH/H\ODQELYDQJRWLQDQSLúWJLUL\D%vODONLU0DKHUURMQHGLJRWNX+DGvZHUHYLUH]rURMHNrURMvELJLULPZHOHNXZvKrúDU

QHNHHZrELWHTHGHELVHELODKrúDUELNH(EDVMvSLúWJLUvGDZDQ5DVWHUDVWHKH]NLULQD[RUWDQ]rGH\H5H]RPDE�ELWHQr;RFHWHMvED]GDSLúWDZDQGHELODKrúDUELNH%vODOMLQLúNDYH[ZHDYrWVHU+DGv´'HNHURPDWXQLKDGLNDUvELQ´JRW+DGvoDY

PLVGDQoDYOrVRUE�E�QoDZDoDYEL%vODONHWGHYNLUUX\rZv�HZPDoNLU%LNHQ�úDKvOLKHYSLUVvQ%vODOELGHVW+DGvJLUW�HZELUKRGH\HNGv5H]RUH[QHOLZDQJLUW

%DZREDZRHúLTOHUNXGDGLoLQ[RFH(EDVMvYDOLYLU%vODOELNHQOrERUvQML(EDV[ZHVW.HNRWXOLTLV�UDPHPr]HQHNH

(EDVEHUoDYLNEHUELMRUYHWDYQGDELVHUvKHMDQGLQrUH´1DQDKXQJXKQHGLQ5H]R´JRW/H\ODQOLNXOvQrIHUDTGLúXúWLQ(EDVKHQHNOL5H]RGLNLU4HVWDZv/H\ODQE�

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 35/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

7X�[ZHGrWX�[DOWvND[ZHoLGLNLQR[OLPOLYLUELVHUEHVWvKXQQLNDULQWLúWHNMvELNLQKDOrWHQHWXKDOHFDOL[ZHPr]HELNHWXPLUv\vODZR

5H]RKHUNXML(EDVKrYL\D D[DIWLQrQKrELZDWHE�MvKLPELQDYrPrYDQL\rKLPMvZDQKHQHNDQGHPrQZvrQOLZHODWELEvUDZvGLDQvOHZPDWXUH[QHOLZvQHJLUW

:HOHFDUHNrWHQrHZMvNHoLNSLo�NE�MLPLQIHGvGLNLUHZMvELGL]v6DHWOLZDQE�E�\HNrúHYr6DHWGLGHKDQGHKDWLE�QPDO5H]RMLZrZH[WrGH

OrERUvQML(EDVGL[ZHVW(EDVH]WLúWHNMLWHUDGLErMLPJHUHWXúDúIHPQHNvNXH]VLEHKrQHoLPHZrNDUrNXPLQJLUWL\HMLGHVWPLQKHUH

5H]RµWDúHURQWv´GLNLUdrNLULQDKDYvQJHKHNGDE�VHU[ZH(EDVELGLO[ZHúvGLD[LYv1DZHOH\DZRH]ELZHGL]DQLP7XVLEHKrQHovvv1DZHOHJHUHH]ELoLP[ZLúNDPLQOLKrYL\DPLQ7XVDHWGLoLGHGHUGLNHYv"3rQFrVLEHKrGH(EDVZHNHNXFDUDSrúvELEvKvVH3rrQFODZRZHOHoDYrNvOLNHGDZH\HPvQDoDYrZvOLJ�\rZHEH:HOHUDVWL\DYLUHYHNHNrPLQKDYvQrH]o�PJXQG/DZrPDPrPLQNX

NDUPHQGHNGHZOHWr\HKHUFDUvODZr[ZHr[RUWMLERSHUH\DQ GLúDQGFHPPLQKDOEXNvMLPLQ[ZHúWLUGLEHU[ZHUD�GLVHU[ZHUDGLNH%HUrWHNOvIDWvOLPHNLUORTHNQDQGDPHG�UDMvMLPHSHUH[ZDVW:HOHPLQEL]DQLE�\DvKWL\DFL\DZvSLUSrKH\HPLQrELGD\r

(EDVKLQHNMvGLSH\YDNDUPHQGGH[ZHGvW6HUvEHUELMrUGLNHQv2[OLPZHOHPHQDQrGHZOHWr[ZDUL\HoDYrPHKHUWLPELUoL\H5H]REr\vELD[LYHGLNHQL\D�EHUELKRGH\DEvODOGLo�'HVWDYrWoHSLOOLVHUSL\DQ

DJDKvGD%vODO;RUWVLEHKrWXQH\r(EDV �+DGvrGvPrYDQrQWHQHJRW�GHUvOLZDQJLUW6LEHKDWDUvGHZH[Wr5H]RNLQFOL[ZHGLNLUGHQJr%vODO�+DGvML+RGH\rGH

GLKDW+HUGXUDQH]DE�Q+DGvKHPvKHYDOrQ[ZHrQOLZHODW\HNEL\HN%vODOMvKHPvKHYDOrQ[ZHrQOLPDUVvO\D\HNEL\HNNLULE�PLMDUDD[DIWLQr

+DGvELWD\EHWv+HPRMLZvSLUVvE�%vODOELKrUVGHUEDUrZvGHD[LYvE�.HVQL]DQHMLQ�]DUR\rQZvOLNXUXGLQLQELJHOHNNHVDQGD\HNLúDQGLQQHZrUH

ZHUHYDQGHUDQMv+HUGXKHYVDOE�Q/LJXQGKHUGXMvMLDOvEHMQrYHGLWD\HNGHE�Q1LKD+DGvOLQLN

ZvPvQDNHVHNGRQ]GHKVDOvE�%HMQD%vODOMvELTDVvVHUrZvPH]LQE�E�*XMvQGLVHUr%vODOGHPvQDKrZLU]H\HNGL]LQDUDQGHRODQELGHdDYOro�E�QDYD

(EDV�/H\ODQELWHYvNHoD/H\ODQ\DKLMGHKVDOvKHUGXODZrQZrNX\HNMrQHKVDOvE�rGvMvGHKVDOvE�WDúWrGL[ZDULQ/DZrZro�OLGHUrKRGH\D%vODO�+DGvGD+HUGXMvKDWLQVHUVLIUH\r%vODOOLVHUVLIUH\rErKHPGWDVrQNXWrGHWDPDWL\rQWDúWrKHE�QEHUEL+DGvYHYHGLNLúDQG+DGvOLKHPEHUZDQWHZUDQNHWúHUPr%LHQLúNOLEvODOGLGDNXGHVWML

ZDQWHZUrQ[ZHEHUHGH(EDV+DGvÓ%vODOGLPHúL\DQ(EDVOLJDUrVLZDUE�NXELoH3DUvV3LúWv(EDVo�+DGv�%vODOMvOLWLUrQDGvVLZDUE�Q�HZMvo�QSDUvV'LKRGH\HNWLUrQrGHoHQGNHVrQHUHE�oHQGNHorQ NHMKHE�Q'LGHVWKHUNHVvGHDQURMQDPHKHE�DQMvSLUW�N%vODOGL]vND´+H\DHPELoLQSDUvVJHUHGHYOLPHJLUWvEH´JRW+HQHNHNKHYDOrKDGvNXQDYrZv%HKoHWE�ELEvUDZvKDW%HKoHWrNXGLµRSHUDV\RQ´DGDZvGH\DOLQDYoH\rSrNKDWLE�GHJLUWLE�QELQoDYFDUrMLKDGvUHZLKDJRWLE�´.XoLZH[WPrUrPHEHUL\DNXELNHYLQEHUSLúWDMLQD[ZHSLUW�NHNrEL[ZvQLQZroD[rZrJHOHNWLúWELJXKHULQ´(YEvUDQvQOL+DGvE�E�NDQDNHQr%vODOVHGHPDNHQDZvSLUVv+DGv´(]rMLWHUHELErMLP´JRW

3rQFVDHWrQErGHQJMLERKHUGX\DQMvMLJDYrQGRMHKrE�Q:D[WrOLJDUD3DUvVSH\DE�QKHUGX\DQMv´RR[[[´JRW%vODOGHVWSrNLUNXVHGHPDNXMLERoLEHUL\DZvOL0DVvO\D

ELJHUvQHHZDQLE�3DUvV7HQHSLUVvMLERoLPLQKHPDWHDQvYLUOrH]rELErMLPZH[WrGL\DPLQMLPLQUHJRWZr+DGvMvZHUHZLUPLQELU\DUGDNXH]�WXSHYUHOL3DUvVELFvELELQ3LUGHVvVH\rQ

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 36/37

ZZZDPXGHGH

PLQKHQHOL0DUVvO\DSLUDQL\DJXQGL\rQPHELFvE�QH'vVDH]GL[ZD]LPKLQHNMLELUD\r[ZH�MLE�ND[ZHG�UELNHYLP+HPLQHPKDWLQHYLUHP[ZHOL]LQDUrDVrELJLULQNDKHODKH\D[ZHGroLNLU

+DGvELoDYHNúvUvQOLZvQLKrUvùDGE�QD[ZHGHUNLU/LVHUKHUGXoDYrQPLQOrWXELPLQGL]DQvKHUUrQHYHNLUL\HKDDD%vODO´+voPHUHTQHNHZHOHrQZHNHWHOLYLUWLMHQHNHVQHZLUHQLJr[ZHoHSHUDVW

ELDYrMH+HUNHVPLQVHUKLúNGLEvQHWXMvúvUHWOLPLQGLNv0vUrPOLQDYoH\rZH[WrGHODOvNDWHKHE�WXKH]NLUL\DPHNHVvWQHE�.HZGLKDWOLoRGLNHW+LLPPPPDODPLQrd�E�QKLQGD.XOH\D(\IHO+DGvPvQDEHU[LNHNYLUQvQr]L%vODOGLE�%vODOGHVWGD

VHUGHVWrZv�OLQLNKHYUXQLúWLQ%vODOGHVWDYrWErUvND[ZH�GXKH]DUGLUDYrQ)UHQVvGDZv+DGvQH[ZHVWELJLUH%vODOPvQDKHUFDUvoDYOLZvILUHKNLU+DGvSHUHZHUJLUW%vODOVHUvGDE�VHUoRQJDQGLD[LYv+DGvMvZHNHWHPDúHYDQHN[ZrGLoDYGHEHOLGHU�GRUGLQLKrUv%LTDVvEvVWPrWURG�UvZDQNHVHNSRUVLSvNLQFrQVvSRUvOrEHUoDYLNrQELVWvOr]LUDYOLEHUoDYELGHVWNXOH\rQvúDQrNHoLN�NHVHNGvGLNLU+DGv´$VOvND´JRW�SHNL\D%vODOELPHWHOPD\v´dLLL"´JRW+DGvKD\GDUE�E�NX7HNvQ]LYLUL\HJXQG%LGHVWr%vODOJLUWQr]LNDKvOL

 $VOvNDNLULQKDGvELGHQJHNELOLQGGLD[LYv7HNvQQLNDULE�\HZHUHYLUo�\HJXQG $VOvNDGHQJrZvGLELKvVW'LOrZvPvQDGv]DTHWUDQELNHOHWvUGLNHOv/L+DGv

QH]LYvUv'LWLUVL\DNXKrVLUZrELGHGHVW+DGvELVLOHNv]LYLUv/LFL\rQ[ZHrEDUL\DoHQG[XOHNDQOrUXQLúWLE�QGvVDUXQLúWLQ+DGvVHUERUL\D7HNvQ�$VOvNDMrUHYHJRW

%vODOUrOLVRKEHWrQURMDQHJXKHUW+DGvWHYvEDMDUvGvWL\HHYEDMDUPvQDWH[WrOLEHUVvQJD\H]GDQrQúHU�EDJHUrWX

ú�UQLKD[ZHQDJvQHVvQJDYvEDMDUv+LúKrMvOL+DGv]HODOQHE�E�&DJRWLQDQGLGHY[ZHGHQH[DúvQH0LQQDNRNL\DGLQDYEHUDZHODWrPH�YvZHODWvGLWLúWHNSLo�NGHGvW5H]R

KDYvQJHKHNorGLNLU/LEHU[LODVE�QrE�'LTDWrMRUvQGHKRVWD[HWD\HNSLo�NNLULE�ZDQErEDYDQSrNHWLQTDWrMRUKLOZHúDQGLQ/rrPH

'HZOHPHQGLQ9DQD]DUrQ[ZHGrrQPH]LQLQOrvQVDQGLQDYVLNDNrQYLUGHMvPvQDS�úrOLEHU

ED\rQH'vVDMvHZQLKDVHUGHVWrQGXQ\D\rQH%vODOQHGRPDQG-LQLúNDYHOLKDGv]LYvUv(PVLEHKrKHULQFL\HN.XGHUr"&L\rNXNrIDWHMrUHEr

%vODOELPL]DZLUvGLNHQv6RKEHWDOLQDYoH\r\DOLVHUPDVH\rKDWEvUD+DGv7HoDYOr\HWXPLQMLPrUDQL\rGHEL[vQHúHUPHH]QHMLZDQNHVDQLPNXKLúrZv GLVHUrJXSLNDQL]DQLPoL\rZvGH\H

%vODOSRúPDQE�E�%LQLJOLovSDZvGD+HQHNE�ORRR5DE�Q�VHUvGDQUL\DEHUELJXUDQL\DvQVDQDQYH%vODOELD[vQZHNHNXWLúWDQRNML

+DGvELSLUVH+DGvZH[Wr]LYLVWDQrEHUIKHUGHYHUvUDGLSroD�WXUHúDKvQHGLPDPHMLERZr

GvPHQroLGLJRW".DELEvUD[ZHEvQH

7XPvQDMLQDSvUHYMLNXELEvUDWHKDW".DoL\D\rQELEHUIrGHQJOLJXUDQGLNLULQELEvUD[ZHEvQHDQMvúHYrQ VDUrQoLNVD\v

8/3/2019 cihanroj-som

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cihanroj-som 37/37

0LQWHGvWKLQHNWLúWMLEvUDPLQo�QWHGvVDSrGHUv7XFDUWXQLNDUv[ZHMLEvUDELNvWXEL[ZD]vMvQDEHKHZGLGLOGHWXGLNDUvPvQD

ELUvQHNVHUJLUWvYHúrUv.DWHELEvUQHDQv"%LEvUDKDGvKDWLE�/rHZSrúvOLVHUSH\YrILNLUv:vELúvURYH\D[ZHWH[PvQGLNLUNX

%vODOErUL\DGvPHQDQNLUL\HOHZPDGL[ZD]HSH\YD³VRP´ELEvKv]H%LEvUDPLQKDW´VRP´GLKDWHJRWLQ

-L\DQOLYLUMLERPLQ³VRP´H0HúL\DQELTDVvGDULNHN OLVHUOHKL\rQELKDUrVLYLNE�Q