class xi economics 2011

7/31/2019 Class XI Economics 2011

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Ld~p hj Aeafev~Ld~p hj Aeafev~Ld~p hj Aeafev~Ld~p hj Aeafev~Ld~p hj Aeafev~

Ymh Rvercve` ûrrhvp Acpevdcl JYmh Rvercve` ûrrhvp Acpevdcl JYmh Rvercve` ûrrhvp Acpevdcl JYmh Rvercve` ûrrhvp Acpevdcl JYmh Rvercve` ûrrhvp Acpevdcl Jhvhvhvhvhv

Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]D, Enhkhadn~D, Enhkhadn~D, Enhkhadn~D, Enhkhadn~D, Enhkhadn~

PECA AEAFEV^

^+Kh+ KCAE ^NMHHL

3+ Av~+ Keelca Zdkctco Zdne Rvdkndrcl-Peca Lecèv I+I+^+^+ @erupt Ickg

6+ ^m+ + R+ + Vcpmd R+I+P+ Enhkhadn~

V+R+Z+Z+ 3> P!Flhno, ^mcldacv Fcim

>+ ^m+ ckgeez Ouacv R+I+P+ Enhkhadn~+

I+F+^+^+^+ Kh!6, Imhk`c

0+ ^m+ Vca Od~mck Nmcumck R+I+P+ Enhkhadn~

V+R+Z+Z+ Kck` Kcivd

5+ ^m+ Fmcvcp Nmck` Pmcouv R+I+P+ Enhkhadn~+

V+R+Z+Z+ ûvcgacl Zdmcv

:+ ^m+ Oukycv Vhzdk~ R+I+P+ Enhkhadn~

I+F+^+^+^+ Kh!3, C`cv~m Kcicv


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Enhkhadn~ -Nhè Kh+ >Enhkhadn~ -Nhè Kh+ >Enhkhadn~ -Nhè Kh+ >Enhkhadn~ -Nhè Kh+ >Enhkhadn~ -Nhè Kh+ >2$2$2$2$2$

Vcpdhkcle

Enhkhadn~ d~ hke hj pme ~hndcl ~ndekne~, ymdnm mc~ ivecp dkjlueknehk ezevt muack fedki+ C~ enhkhadn ldje ck` pme enhkhat ih pmvhuimnmckie~, pme kee` ph ivhuk` eùncpdhk dk nmdl`vek~ hyk e}revdeknefenhae~ e~~ekpdcl+ Ymdle `hdki ~h, dp d~ darevcpdze ph rvhzdè pmeahrrhvpukdpde~ ph cnsudve ckcltpdncl ~odll~ ph hf~evze ck` ukèv~pck` pmeenhkhadn vecldpde~+

Cp ~ekdhv ~enhk`cvt ~pcie, pme lecvkev~ cve dk c rh~dpdhk phukèv~pck` cf~pvcnp dèc~, e}evnd~e pme rhyev hj pmdkodki ck` ph ezelhrpmedv hyk revnerpdhk+ Dp d~ cp pmd~ ~pcie, pme lecvkev~ cve e}rh~e` ph pme

vdihuv hj pme `d~ndrldke hj enhkhadn~ dk c ~t~peacpdn yct+Pme enhkhadn~ nhuv~e~ cve dkpvhùne` dk ~unm c yct pmcp dk pme

dkdpdcl ~pcie, pme lecvkev~ cve dkpvhùne` ph pme enhkhadn vecldpde~ pmcp pmekcpdhk d~ jcndki ph`ct clhki ydpm ~hae fc~dn ~pcpd~pdncl phhl~ ph ukèv~pck`pme~e fvhcèv enhkhadn vecldpde~+ Dk pme lcpev ~pcie, pme lecvkev~ cvedkpvhùne` ph enhkhadn~ c~ c pmehvt hj cf~pvcnpdhk+

Pme enhkhadn~ nhuv~e~ cl~h nhkpcdk ackt rvhgenp~ ck` cnpdzdpde~+Pme~e ydll rvhzdè hrrhvpukdpde~ jhv pme lecvkev~ ph e}rlhve zcvdhu~enhkhadn d~~ue~ fhpm jvha pmedv `ct!ph!`ct ldje ck` cl~h jvha d~~ue~,

ymdnm cve fvhcèv ck` dkzd~dfle dk kcpuve+ Pme cncèadn ~odll~ pmcp pmetlecvk dk pme~e nhuv~e~ yhul` melr ph ezelhr pme rvhgenp~ ck` cnpdzdpde~+Pme ~tllcfu~ d~ cl~h e}renpe` ph rvhzdè hrrhvpukdpde~ ph u~e dkjhvacpdhkck` nhaaukdncpdhk penmkhlhide~ ph jcndldpcpe pmedv lecvkdki rvhne~~+

HFGENPDZE^

3+ Ukèv~pck`dki hj ~hae fc~dn enhkhadn nhknerp~ ck`èzelhraekp hj enhkhadn vec~hkdki ymdnm pme lecvkev~ nck crrlt dk pmedv`ct!ft!`ct ldje c~ ndpdwek~, yhvoev~ ck` nhk~uaev~+

6+ Vecld~cpdhk hj lecvkev~ vhle dk kcpdhk fudl dki ck` ~ek~dpdzdpt phpme enhkhadn d~~ue~ pmcp pme kcpdhk d~ jcndki ph`ct+

>+ Esudraekp ydpm fc~dn phhl~ hj enhkhadn~ ck` ~pcpd~pdn~ ph ckclt~eenhkhadn d~~ue~+ Pmd~ d~ revpdkekp jhv ezek pmh~e ymh act khp ruv~uepmd~ nhuv~e fethk` ~ekdhv ~enhk`cvt ~pcie+

0+ @ezelhraekp hj ukèv~pck`dki pmcp pmeve nck fe ahve pmck hkezdey~ hk ckt enhkhadn d~~ue ck` kene~~cvt ~odll~ hj cviue lhidnclltydpm vec~hkdki+


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Nlc~~ ]Nlc~~ ]Nlc~~ ]Nlc~~ ]Nlc~~ ]DDDDD

Rcrev 3 > Mhuv~ 322 Acvo~

Ukdp~ Revdh`~ Acvo~

Rcvp C 7 ^pcpd~pdn~ hj Enhkhadn~

3+ Dkpvhùnpdhk 5 >

6+ Nhllenpdhk, Hvickd~cpdhk ck` Rve~ekpcpdhk hj @cpc 65 36

>+ ^pcpd~pdncl Phhl~ ck` Dkpevrvepcpdhk :0 >2

0+ @ezelhrdki Rvhgenp~ dk Enhkhadn~ 32 5

320 52

Rcvp F 7 Dk`dck Enhkhadn @ezelhraekp

5+ @ezelhraekp Rhldnde~ ck` E}revdekne -3409!42$ 3= 32:+ Enhkhadn Vejhva~ ~dkne 3443 30 =

9+ Nuvvekp Nmcllekie~ jcndki Dk`dck Enhkhat :2 65

=+ @ezelhraekp e}revdekne hj Dk`dc ! C

nharcvd~hk ydpm kedimfhuv~ 36 9

320 52

Rcvp C 7 ^pcpd~pdn~ jhv Enhkhadn~

Dk pmd~ nhuv~e, pme lecvkev~ cve e}renpe` ph cnsudve ~odll~ dk nhllenpdhk,hvickd~cpdhk ck` rve~ekpcpdhk hj suckpdpcpdze ck` sucldpcpdze dkjhvacpdhk revpcdkdki

ph zcvdhu~ ~darle enhkhadn c~renp~ ~t~peacpdncllt+ Dp cl~h dkpek`~ ph rvhzdè

~hae fc~dn ~pcpd~pdncl phhl~ ph ckclt~e, ck` dkpevrvep ckt enhkhadn dkjhvacpdhk

ck` `vcy crrvhrvdcpe dkjevekne~+ Dk pmd~ rvhne~~, lecvkev~ cve cl~h e}renpe`

ph ukèv~pck` pme femczdhuv hj zcvdhu~ enhkhadn `cpc+

Ukdp 3 7 Dkpvhùnpdhk 5 Revdh`~Ymcp d~ Enhkhadn~8

Aeckdki, ~nhre ck` darhvpckne hj ~pcpd~pdn~ dk Enhkhadn~+

Ukdp 6 7 Nhllenpdhk, Hvickd~cpdhk ck` Rve~ekpcpdhk hj `cpc 65 Revdh`~+

Nhllenpdhk hj `cpc ! ~huvne~ hj `cpc! rvdacvt ck` ~enhk`cvt? mhy fc~dn `cpc d~


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nhllenpe`? aepmh`~ hj nhllenpdki `cpc7 ^hae darhvpckp ~huvne~ hj ~enhk`cvt

`cpc7 Nek~u~ hj Dk`dc ck` Kcpdhkcl ^carle ûvzet Hvickd~cpdhk+

Hvickd~cpdhk hj @cpc7 Aeckdki ck` ptre~ hj zcvdcfle~? Jvesueknt @d~pvdfupdhk+

Rve~ekpcpdhk hj `cpc7 Pcfulcv Rve~ekpcpdhk ck` @dcivcaacpdn Rve~ekpcpdhk hj

@cpc7 -3 Iehaepvdn jhva~ -fcv `dcivca~ ck` rde `dcivca~, -dd Jvesueknt

`dcivca~ -Md~phivca, rhltihk ck` hidze ck` -ddd Cvdpmaepdn ldke ivcrm~ -pdae

~evde~ ivcrm+

Ukdp > 7 pcpd~pdncl Phhl~ ck` Dkpevrvepcpdhk :0 Revdh`~

-Jhv cll pme kuaevdncl rvhflea~ ck` ~hlupdhk~, pme crrvhrvdcpe enhkhadn

dkpevrvepcpdhk act fe cppearpe`+ Pmd~ aeck~, pme ~puèkp~ kee` ph ~hlze pme

rvhflea~ ck` rvhzdè dkpevrvepcpdhk jhv pme ve~ulp~ evdze`

Aec~uve~ hj Nekpvcl Pekèknt!aeck -~darle ck` yedimpe`, ae`dck ck` ahè+

Aec~uve~ hj @d~rev~dhk! cf~hlupe `d~rev~dhk -vckie, sucvpdle èzdcpdhk, aeck

èzdcpdhk ck` ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk? velcpdze `d~rev~dhk -nh!ejjdndekp hj sucvpdle!

èzdcpdhk, nh!ejjdndekp hj aeck ezdcpdhk, nh!ejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk? Lhvekw Nuvze7

Aeckdki ck` dp~ crrldncpdhk+

Nhvvelcpdhk! aeckdki, ~ncppev dcivca? Aec~uve~ hj nhvvelcpdhk! Ocvl Recv~hk~

aepmh` -pyh zcvdcfle ukivhure` cpc recvack~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk+

Dkpvhùnpdhk ph Dkè} Kuafev~!aeckdki, ptre~! ymhle~cle rvdne dkè}, nhk~uaev

rvdne dkè} ck` dkè} hj dkù~pvdcl rvhùnpdhk, u~e~ hj dkè} kuafev~? Dkjlcpdhk

ck` dkè} kuafev~+

Ukdp 0 7 @ezelhrdki Rvhgenp~ dk Enhkhadn~ 32 Revdh`~

Pme ~puèkp~ act fe eknhuvcie` ph ezelhr rvhgenp~, ymdnm mcze rvdacvt cpc,

~enhk`cvt `cpc hv fhpm+ Nc~e ~pu`de~ hj c jey hvickd~cpdhkk~ ( huplep~ act

cl~h fe eknhuvcie`+ ^hae hj pme e}carle~ hj pme rvhgenp~ cve c~ jhllhy~ -pmet

cve khp ack`cphvt fup ~uiie~pdze7

-d C verhvp hj eahivcrmdn~ ~pvunpuve hj thuv kedimfhvmhh ?

-dd Nhk~uaev cycveke~~ cahki~p mhu~emhl`~+

-ddd Nmckidki rvdne~ hj c jey zeicpcfle~ dk thuv acvoep+


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-dz ^pu`t hj c nhhrevcpdze dk~pdpupdhk7 adlo nhhrevcpdze~+

Pme dèc femdk` dkpvhùndki pmd~ ukdp d~ ph ekcfle pme ~puèkp~ ph èzelhr pme

yct~ ck` aeck~ ft ymdnm c rvhgenp nck fe èzelhre` u~dki pme ~odll~ lecvke`

dk pme nhuv~e+ Pmd~ dknluè~ cll pme ~per~ dkzhlze` dk e~dikdki c rvhgenp ~pcvpdkijvha nmhh~dki c pdple, e}rlhvdki pme dkjhvacpdhk velcpdki ph pme pdple, nhllenpdhk hj

rvdacvt ck` ~enhk`cvt cpc, ckclt~dki pme cpc, rve~ekpcpdhk hj pme rvhgenp ck`

u~dki zcvdhu~ ~pcpd~pdncl phhl~ ck` pmedv dkpevrvepcpdhk ck` nhknlu~dhk+

Rcvp F7 Dk`dck Enhkhadn @ezelhraekp

Ukdp 5 7 @ezelhraekp Rhldnde~ ck` E}revdekne -3409!42 7 3= Revdh`~

C fvdej dkpvhùnpdhk hj pme ~pcpe hj Dk`dck enhkhat hk pme eze hj dkèrekèkne+Nhaahk ihcl~ hj Jdze tecv Rlck~+

Acdk jecpuve~, rvhflea~ ck` rhldnde~ hj civdnulpuve -dk~pdpupdhkcl c~renp~ ck`

key civdnulpuvcl ~pvcpeit, epn+ Dkù~pvt -dkù~pvdcl ldnek~dki,epn, ck` jhvedik

pvcè+

Ukdp :7 Enhkhadn Vejhva~ ~dkne 3443 7 30 Revdh`~

Kee` ck` acdk jecpuve~ ! ldfevcld~cpdhk, ilhfcld~cpdhk ck` rvdzcpd~cpdhk?Ck crrvcd~cl hj LRI rhldnde~+

Ukdp 97 Nuvvekp nmcllekie~ jcndki Dk`dck Enhkhat7 :2 Revdh`~

Rhzevpt!cf~hlupe ck` velcpdze? Acdk rvhivcaae~ jhv rhzevpt cllezdcpdhk7 C nvdpdncl

c~~e~~aekp? Vuvcl èzelhraekp7 Oet d~~ue~ ! nve`dp ck` acvoepdki! vhle hj

nhhrevcpdze~7 civdnulpuvcl dzev~djdncpdhk? clpevkcpdze jcvadki ! hvickdn jcvadki+

Muack Ncrdpcl Jhvacpdhk7 Mhy rehrle fenhae ve~huvne? Vhle hj muack ncrdpcldk enhkhadn ezelhraekp? Ivhypm hj Eùncpdhk enphv dk Dk`dc+

Earlhtaekp7 Jhvacl ck` dkjhvacl, ivhypm ck` hpmev d~~ue~7 Rvhflea~ ck`

rhldnde~+

Dkjlcpdhk 7 Rvhflea~ ck` Rhldnde~+

Dkjvc~pvunpuve7 Aeckdki! ck` Ptre~7 Nc~e ^pu`de~7 Ekevit ck` Meclpm7


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Rvhflea~ ck` Rhldnde~! C nvdpdncl c~~e~~aekp+

û~pcdkcfle Enhkhadn @ezelhraekp7 Aeckdki, Ejjenp~ hj Enhkhadn

@ezelhraekp hk Ve~huvne~ ck` Ekzdvhkaekp, dknlu`dki ilhfcl ycvadki+

Ukdp =7 @ezelhraekp E}revdekne hj Dk`dc 7 36 Revdh`~

C Nharcvd~hk ydpm kedimfhuv~

Dk`dc ck` Rcod~pck

Dk`dc ck` Nmdkc

D~~ue~7 ivhypm, rhrulcpdhk, ~enphvcl èzelhraekp ck` hpmev èzelhraekpcl

dk`dncphv~+


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Enhkhadn~Enhkhadn~Enhkhadn~Enhkhadn~Enhkhadn~

Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]Nlc~~ ! ]DDDDD@e~dik hj ~carle sue~pdhk rcrev jhv

Acvnm ! 6236 E}cadkcpdhk

Pdae ! > Mhuv~ Ac}+ Acvo~ 45

Pme yedimpcie ph acvo~ hzev `djjevekp `daek~dhk~ hj pme sue~pdhk~ rc!rev ~mcll fe c~ uk`ev

C+ Yedimpcie ph ~ufgenp ukdp 7

^+Kh+ Nhkpekp Ukdp Acvo~

Rcvp !C 7 ^pcpd~pdn~ jhv Enhkhadn~

3+ Dkpvh`unpdhk 2>

6+ Nhllenpdhk, hvickd~cpdhk ck` rve~ekpcpdhk hj cpc 36

>+ ^pcpd~pdncl jhhl~ ck` dkpevrvepcpdhk >2

Phpcl 05

0+ @ezelhrdki rvhgenp dk enhkhadn~ 25

Rcvp ! F Dk`dck Enhkhadn @ezelhraekp

5+ @ezelhraekp rhldnde~ ck` e}revdekne -3409!42 32

:+ Enhkhadn vejhva~ ~dkne ! 3443 2=

9+ Nuvvekp nmcllekie~ jcndki dk`dck enhkhat 65

=+ @ezelhraekp e}revdekne hj Dk`dc

C nharcvd~dhk ydpm kedimfhuv~ 29

Phpcl 52

Ivck` Phpcl 45


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Yedimpcie ph Jhva~ hj Sue~pdhk~7

^+Kh+ Jhva~ hj Sue~pdhk~ Acvo~ jhv Kh+ hj Phpcl

Ecnm Sue~+ Sue~+ Acvo~

3+ Zevt ~mhvp ck~yev ptre -Z^C$ 3 32 32

6+ ^mhvp ck~yev ptre -^C$D$ > 4 69

>+ ^mhvp ck~yev ptre -^C!DD$ 0 9 6=

0+ Lhki ck~yev ptre -L C$ : 5 >2

Phpcl >3 45

N+ Kh+ hj enpdhk~ 7

Pme sue~pdhk rcrev ydll mcze pyh ênpdhk C ck` F+

@+ ^nmeae hj Hrpdhk

Pmeve ydll fe kh hzevcll nmhdne+ Mhyezev pmeve d~ dkpevkcl nmhdne dk hkesue~pdhk hj > acvo~, hke sue~pdhk hj 0 acvo~ ck` hke sue~pdhk hj : acvo~ dkecnm ~enpdhk

E+ Yedimpcie ph jhva hj sue~pdhk~ 7

^+ Kh+ E~pdacpe` @djjdnulpt Lezel hj Sue~pdhk~ Revnekpcie

3+ Ec~t >2

6+ Czevcie 52

>+ Cfhze czevcie 62

J+ Ptrhlhit hj Sue~pdhk~ 7

Dk hvèv ph c~~e~ `djjevekp cfdldpde~ ph pme ~ufgenp, pme sue~pdhk rcrev d~ ldoelt

ph dknluè hrekekè` sue~pdhk~ ck` kuaevdncl sue~pdhk~+


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Ukdp!DDkpvh`unpdhk

Rhdkp~ ph Veaeafev

' Enhkhadn~ 7' Enhkhadn~ d~ c ~ndekne pmcp ~pu`de~ muack femczdhuv c~ c

velcpdhk~mdr fepyeek ek`~ ~ncve aeck~ ymdnm mcze clpevkcpdze

u~e~+

' ^ncvndpt aeck~ ~mhvpcie hj ihh`~ ck` ve~huvne~ dk velcpdhk ph

pmedv eack`

' Ve~huvne~ cve

-C ^ncve ( ldadpe` ck`-F mcze clpevkcpdze u~e~

CNPDZDPDE^

Enhkhadn Cnpdzdpde~ Khk!Enhkhadn Cnpdzdpde~

3+ Rvh`unpdhk 3+ ^hndcl6+ Nhk~uarpdhk 6+ Veldidhu~

>+ Dkze~paekp >+ Rhldpdncl

0+ E}nmckie 0+ Nmcvdpcfle

5+ @d~pvdfupdhk 5+ Rcvekpcl

' Enhkhadn cnpdzdpde~ cve pmhd~e cnpdzdpde~ ymdnm cve c~~hndcpe` ph

ecvk ahket ck` yeclpm jhv ldje+ Pme~e cnpdzdpde~ iekevcpe keydknhae ck` dknve~e pme jlhy hj ihh`~ ck` ~evzdne~+

' Khk enhkhadn cnpdzdpde~ cve pmh~e cnpdzdpde~ ymdnm cve khp velcpe`

ph ecvk ahket ck` yeclpm+ Pme~e cnpdzdpde~ kedpmev iekevcpe

dknhae khv dknvec~e pme jlhy hj ihh`~ * ~evzdne~+

' Nhk~uaev 7 Nhk~uaev d~ ck enhkhadn ciekp ymh fut~ pme ihh`~


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ck` ~evzdne~ ph ~cpd~jt md~ yckp~+

' Rvhùnev 7 d~ hke ymh rvhùne~ ihh`~ ck` ~evzdne~ jhv pme

iekevcpdhk hj dknhae+

' êvzdnemhlèv 7 C rev~hk ymh d~ dk ghf ck` idze~ md~ ~evzdne~ c~ cjcnphv hj rvhùnpdhk ph ecvk ycie hv ~clcvt+ d+i+ Ihzp+ pecnmev+

' êvzdne Rvhzdèv 7 C rev~hk ymh rvhzdè~ ~evzdne~ ph jdkcl

nhk~uaev ph ecvk ahket e+i+ pvck~rhvpev, cuph vdzev+

' ^pcpd~pdn~ 7 pcpd~pdn~ d~ c aepmh` hj pcodki end~dhk~ hk pme fc~d~ hj

kuaevdncl cpc+

' ^pcpd~pdn~ nck fe ejdke` dk pyh yct~

^PCPD^PDN^

^dkiulcv ek~e Rluvcl ek~e

^pcpd~pdn Aeck~ ^pcpd~pdn~ aeck~

^pcpd~pdncl aepmh`~ Kuaevdncl jcnp~

ûnm c~ nhllenpdhk, nlc~~djdncpdhk Ymdnm mcze feek

Rve~ekpcpdhk, ckclt~d~ ck` ~t~peacpdnclltDkpevrvepcpdhk hj cpc+ nhllenpe`+

^nhre hj pcpd~pdn~

Dk pme hlèk `ct~ pme u~e hj ~pcpd~pdn~ yc~ ve~pvdnpe` ph ècl ydpm

pme cjjcdv~ hj pme ~pcpe+ Fup khy!c!`ct~ pme ~nhre hj ~pcpd~pdn~ mc~

~rvec` ph cll pmh~e cvec~ ymeve kuaevdncl jcnp~ cve u~e` ~unm c~

enhkhadn~, fu~dke~~, dkù~pvt, ae`dndke, rmt~dn~, nmead~pvt ck`kuaevhu~ hpmev jdel`~ hj okhyleìe+

Darhvpckne hj pcpd~pdn~ dk Enhkhadn~

3+ Dp ekcfle~ ck enhkhad~p ph rve~ekp enhkhadn jcnp~ dk c rvend~e

ck` ejdkdpe jhva+


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6+ Melr~ dk nhkèk~dki ac~~ `cpc dkph c jey kuaevdncl aec~uve~+

>+ ^pcpd~pdn~ d~ u~e` dk jdk dki velcpdhk~mdr fepyeek djjevekp enhkhadn

jcnphv~+

0+ Enhkhadn jhvenc~pdki pmvhuim ~pcpd~pdncl ~pu`de~+5+ Melrjul ph jhvaulcpe crrvhrvdcpe enhkhadn rhldne~ pmcp ~hlze

enhkhadn rvhflea~+

:+ Melr ph ckclt~e pme revjhvaekne hj rhldnde~ crrlde` fejhve+

Juknpdhk hj pcpd~pdn~

3+ ^pcpd~pdn~ ~darldjde` nharle}dpde~+

6+ ^pcpd~pdn~ e}rve~~e~ jcnp~ dk kuafev~+>+ ^pcpd~pdn~ rve~ekp~ cpc dk nhkèk~e` jhva+

0+ ^pcpd~pdn~ nharcve~ djjevekp rmekhaekc ck` vec~uve~ velcpdhk~mdr

fepyeek pmea+

5+ ^pcpd~pdn~ d~ melrjul dk jhvacpdhk hj rhldnde~+

:+ ^pcpd~pdn~ d~ melrjul dk enhkhadn jhvenc~pdki~+

Ldadpcpdhk~ hj ^pcpd~pdn~3+ ^pcpd~pdn~ he~ khp ~pu`t dk`dzdùcl~+

6+ ^pcpd~pdn~ ve~ulp~ adimp lec` ph jcllcndhu~ nhknlu~dhk~+

>+ ^pcpd~pdn~ ecl~ ydpm suckpdpcpdze jcnp~ hklt+

0+ ^pcpd~pdn~ lcy~ cve pvue hklt hk czevcie~+

5+ Hklt e}revp~ nck acoe pme fe~p rh~~dfle u~e hj ~pcpd~pdn~+

:+ Ukdjhvadpt ck` mhahiekedpt hj cpc d~ e~~ekpdcl+


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Ukdp!D

Hke! Acvo!Sue~pdhk~

3+ @ejdke enhkhadn~+6+ ^pcpe pme aeckdki hj ~ncvndpt+

>+ Yvdpe pme aeckdki hj ~pcpd~pdn~ dk rluvcl ~ek~e+

0+ Idze aeckdki hj ~pcpd~pdn~ dk ~dkiulcv ~ek~e+

5+ ^pcpe hke ldadpcpdhk hj ~pcpd~pdn~+

:+ Ymcp `h thu aeck ft enhkhadn cnpdzdpt8

9+ Ymcp cve khk!enhkhadn cnpdzdpde~8+

=+ Yvdpe hke juknpdhk hj ~pcpd~pdn~+

4+ @ejdke nhk~uaev+

32+ Ymh d~ c rvhùnev8+

> Acvo~ Sue~pdhk~

3+ Fvdejlt e}rlcdk pme peva ~evzdne mhlèv ck` ~evzdne rvhzdèv ydpm

ck e}carle ecnm+

6+ Ymcp d~ pme ~nhre hj ~pcpd~pdn~ khy c ct~8

>+ E}rlcdk pme darhvpckne hj ~pcpd~pdn~ dk enhkhadn~+

0+ @d~pdkiud~m fepyeek dsuckpdpcpdze ck` dsucldpcpdze `cpc ydpm

e}carle+

5+ Rvhùnpdhk, nhk~uarpdhk ck` d~pvdfupdhk cve enhkhadn cnpdzdpde~+

E}rlcdk+

:+ Ymt h thu yckp ph ~pu`t enhkhadn~8 Idze vec~hk~+

9+ Ymdnm hke hj pme jhllhydki d~ enhkhadn cnpdzdpt8 Idze vec~hk+

-d Pvck~rhvpdki ~ck` jvha vdzev fcko ph c phyk+

-dd Cppek`dki acvvdcie rcvpt+

-ddd Rcvekpcl lhze ck` cjjcnpdhk phycv`~ pmedv nmdl vek+

=+ Ymdnm hke hj pme jhllhydki d~ khk!enhkhadn cnpdzdpt8 Idze

vec~hk+


13/159

3>3>

Ukdp!D

Ck~yev~ hj Hke acvo sue~pdhk~

3+ Enhkhadn~ d~ pme ~pu`t hj mhy rehrle ck` ~hndept nmhh~e pme

~ncve ve~huvne~ pmcp nhul` mcze clpevkcpdze u~e~ ph ~cpd~jt pmedv

ukldadpe` yckp~+

6+ ^ncvndpt aeck~ ~mhvpcie hj ihh`~ ck` ve~huvne~ dk velcpdhk ph

pmedv eack`+

>+ Dk rluvcl ~ek~e ~pcpd~pdn~ aeck~ kuaevdncl jcnp~ ymdnm mcze feek

~t~peacpdncllt nhllenpe`+

0+ Dk ~diulcv ~ek~e ~pcpd~pdn~ aeck~ ~pcpd~pdncl aepmh`~ ~unm c~

nhllenpdhk, nlc~~djdncpdhk, rve~ekpcpdhk, ckclt~d~ ck` dkpev rvepcpdhk

hj cpc+

5+ ^pcpd~pdn~ ècl~ ydpm suckpdpcpdze jcnp~ hklt+

:+ Ck enhkhadn cnpdzdpt aeck~ pmcp cnpdzdpt ymdnm d~ fc~e` hk u~e hj

~ncve ve~huvne~ jhv ~cpd~jcnpdhk hj muack yckp~+

9+ Pme cnpdzdpde~ ymdnm mcze kh enhkhadn c~renp hv cve khp velcpe`

ph ecvk ahket+

=+ ^pcpd~pdn~ rve~ekp~ cpc d~ nhkèk~e` jhva+

4+ Nhk~uaev d~ ck enhkhadn ciekp ymh fut~ pme ihh`~ ck` ~evzdne~

ph ~cpd~jt md~ yckp~+

32+ Rvhùnev d~ hke ymh rvhùne~ ( ~ell ihh`~ ck` ~evzdne~ jhv pme

iekevcpdhk hj dknhae+

-d Rvhùnpdhk hj rvdkpdki rve~~ acnmdke~ ph rvdkp key~ rcrev~+

-dd êvzdne hj hnphv dk c mh~rdpcl+

-ddd Hvickd~cpdhk hj jvee ae`dncl nmeno ur ncar+


14/159

3030

Ukdp!6

Nhllenpdhk hj @cpc

' Jhv ~pcpd~pdncl dkze~pdicpdhk, nhllenpdhk hj cpc d~ pme jdv~p ck`jhveah~p

^huvne~ hj @cpc

Dkpevkcl huvne~ E}pevkcl huvne~

Rvdacvt huvne ênhk`cvt huvne~

3+ Rufld~me` ~huvne~6+ Uk rufld~me` ~huvne~

Aepmh`~ hj nhllenpdki rvdacvt cpc

3+ @dvenp rev~hkcl Dkpevzdey

6+ Dk`dvenp rev~hkcl dkpevzdey

>+ Pelermhke dkpevzdey

0+ Acdle` sue~pdhkkcdve~5+ Sue~pdhkkcdve~ jdlle` ft ekuaevcphv~+

:+ Dkjhvacpdhk ft lhncl nhvve~rhkèkp~+

^huvne~ hj ~enhk`cvt cpc

Rufld~me` ~huvne~ Ukrufld~me` huvne~

3+ Ihzp+ rufldncpdhk~ ymdnm cve khp rufld~me` ck` cve6+ ~ead!Ihzp+ Rufldncpdhk~ czcdlcfle dk hjjdne jdle~ ck` venhv`~

>+ Verhvp~ hj nhaadppee~ * nhaad~~dhk~ act fe u~e` dj kene~~cvt

0+ Rvdzcpe rufldncpdhk~ e+i+ Ghuvkcl~ ck`

Key~ rcrev~ ve~ecvnm dk~pdpupe rufldncpdhk

hj pvcè c~~hndcpdhk~+

5+ Dkpevkcpdhkcl rufldncpdhk~+


15/159

3535

Darhvpckp rhdkp~ ph fe oerp dk adk`

Ymdle vcjpdki pme sue~pdhkkcdve

C+ Dkpvhùnpdhk ck` ruvrh~e hj dkze~pdicpdhk+

F+ Vec~hkcfle kuafev hj sue~pdhk~+

N+ Sue~pdhk~ ~mhul` fe ~acll * nlecv+

@+ Sue~pdhk~ ~mhul fe cvvckie` lhidncllt+

E+ Dk~pvunpdhk~ ~mhul` fe nlecv+

J+ Rvhrev ~rcne jhv ck~yev+

I+ Sue~pdhk~ ~mhul` fe velezckp ph pme dkze~pdicpdhk+

M+ Rev~hkcl sue~pdhk~ ~mhul` fe czhdè`+D+ Czhd` sue~pdhk~ hj nclnulcpdhk~+

Aepmh`~ hj carldki

Vck`ha carldki Khk!Vck`ha carldki

c+ ^darle hv ukve~pvdnpe` c+ Guìeaekp ~carldki

vck`ha ~carldkif+ Ve~pvdnpe` vck`ha ~carldki f+ Suhpc ~carldki

d pvcpdjde` n! nhkzekdekne ~carldki

dd ~t~peacpdn

ddd aulpd~pcie hv nlu~pev ~carldki+

' Nek~u~ ~uvzet 7 Dk pmd~ aepmh` ezevt eleaekp hj rhrulcpdhk d~

dknluè` dk pme dkze~pdicpdhk+' ^carle ûvzet 7 Dk pmd~ aepmh` c ivhur hj ukdp~ ve~rve~ekpdki

cll pme ukdp~ hj pme rhrulcpdhk d~ dkze~pdicpe`+

' Rhrulcpdhk hv ukdzev~e 7

Dk ~pcpd~pdn~ rhrulcpdhk hv ukdzev~e ~darlt vejev~ ph ck ciiveicpe


16/159

3:3:

hj dpea~ ph fe ~pu`de` jhv ck dkze~pdicpdhk+

^carle 7 C ivhur hj dpea~ pcoek jvha pme rhrulcpdhk jhv dkze~pdicpdhk

ck` verve~ekpcpdze hj cll pme dpea~+

' ^carldki Evvhv~ 7 ^carldki evvhv d~ pme djjevekne fepyeek pmeve~ulp hj ~pu`tdki c ~carle ck` pme ve~ulp hj pme nek~u~ hj pme ymhle

rhrulcpdhk+

' Khk ! carldki Evvhv 7 Nck hnnuv dk ck` ptre hj ~uvzet ymecpmev

dp fe c nek~u~ hv ~carle ~uvzet+

^carldki evvhv~ Khk ~carldki evvhv~3+ Fdc~e` evvhv~ 3+ Evvhv dk cpc cnsud~dpdhk

6+ ukfdc~e` evvhv~ 6+ Khk+ ve~rhk~e evvhv

>+ Aec~uveaekp evvhv

' Rdlhp ~uvzet 7 Fejhve ~ek dki pme sue~pdhkkcdve ph pme dk jhvackp~,

dp ~mhul` fe rve!pe~pe`+ C~ c ve~ulp hj dp~ ~mhvpnhadki~ dj ckt, nck

fe veahze`+ ^unm rve!pe~pdki kcae` c~ Rdlhp ~uvzet+

' Rvdacvt `cpc 7 @cpc hvdidkcl lt ncl lenpe` dk pme rvhne~~ hj

dkze~pdicpdhk cve okhyk c~ rvdacvt `cpc+

' ^enhk`cvt `cpc 7 Ymdnm mcze feek nhllenpe` jhv ~hae hpmev

ruvrh~e ft ~hae hpmev cieknt cve nclle` ~enhk`cvt cpc+

Nek~u~ hj Dk`dc ck`

Kcpdhkcl carle ~uvzet Hvickd~cpdhk

' Pme nek~u~ hj Dk`dc rvhzd e~ pme ah~p nharlepe ck` nhkpdkuhu~


17/159

3939

èahivcrmdn venhv`~ hj rhrulcpdhk+

' Pme K^^H yc~ e~pcfld~me` ft pme Ihzp+ hj Dk dc ph nhkùnp kcpdhk

ydè ~uvzet hk ~hndh!enhkhadn d~~ue~ ldoe earlhtaekp ldpevcnt,

acpevkdpt, nmdl` ncve updld~cpdhk hj rufldn `d~pvdfupdhk ~t~pea epn+' Pme cpc nhllenpe` ft K^^H ~uvzet cve velec~e` pmvhuim verhvp~

ck` dp~ sucvpevlt ghuvkcl ^cvzeo~mckc+


18/159

3=3=

Ukdp!6

Hke acvo sue~pdhk~

3+ Ymcp h thu aeck ft rvdacvt cpc+6+ Idze pme aeckdki hj ~enhk`cvt cpc+

>+ Yvdpe pme aeckdki hj rhrulcpdhk dk ~pcpd~pdn~+

0+ @ejdke ~carle+

5+ Ymcp d~ ~carldki evvhv8

:+ Ymcp cve khk!~carldki evvhv~8

9+ Yvdpe pme kcae hj ~pcpd~pdncl aepmh` ymdnm d~ le~~ e}rek~dze ck`

pdae ~czdki+=+ ûrrh~e pmeve cve 32 ~puèkp~ dk c nlc~~+ Hklt pmvee ~puèkp~ ph

fe ~elenpe` hup hj pmea+ Mhy acket ~carle~ cve rh~~dfle+

4+ E}rck` K^^H+

>(0 acvo~ sue~pdhk~+

3+ @djjevekpdcpe fepyeek rvdacvt ck` ~enhk`cvt cpc+

6+ Yvdpe jhuv aevdp~ hj nek~u~ aepmh` hj nhllenpdki pme cpc+

>+ Aekpdhk pmvee eaevdp~ hj ~carle aepmh` hj nhllenpdki pme cpc+0+ @d~pdkiud~m fepyeek ~carldki ck` khk!~carldki evvhv~+

5+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft nek~u~ aepmh`8

:+ Ymcp h thu aeck ft vck`ha ~carldki8+

9+ @d~nu~~ pme peva ukdzev~e ck` ~carle ydpm e}carle+

=+ Nek~u~ hj Dk`dc d~ pme acdk ~huvne hj ~enhk`cvt `cpc+ e}rlcdk+

4+ Ymcp d~ rdlhp ~uvzet8 e}rlcdk dp~ darhvpckne+

: Acvo~ sue~pdhk~

3+ Ymcp `h thu ukèv~pck` ft sue~pdhkkcdve8 Yvdpe pme e~~ekpdcl

nmcvcnpevd~pdn~ hj c ihh` sue~pdhkkcdve+

6+ @d~pdkiud~m fepyeek nhk~u~ ck` ~carle aepmh` hj nhllenpdki

rvdacvt cpc+

>+ Ymcp d~ K^^H8 Yvdpe dp~ juknpdhk~+


19/159

3434

Ukdp!6

Ck~yev hj hke acvo sue~pdhk~

3+ Rvdacvt cpc cve hvdidkcl cpc ymdnm cve nhllenpe` ft dkze~pdicphv

mda~elj hv ft ekuaevcpev~ èrlhte` ft pme dkze~pdicphv jhv

~rendjde` ruvrh~e+6+ Pme cpc ymdnm cve hfpcdke` ft pme dkze~pdicphv( ekuaevcpev~ jvha

~hae hke el~e venhv`~ ck` yeve nhllenpe` jhv ~hae hpmev ruvrh~e+

>+ Dk ~pcpd~pdn~ rhrulcpdhk hv ukdzev~e ~darlt vejev~ ph ck ciiveicpe

hj dpea~ ph fe ~pu`de~ jhv ck dkze~pdicpdhk+

0+ ^carle d~ c ivhur hj dpea~ pcoek jvha pme rhrulcpdhk jhv

dkze~pdicpdhk ck` verve~ekpcpdze hj cll pme dpea~ hv ukdzev~e+

5+ ~carldki evvhv d~ pme djjevekne fepyeek pme ve~ulp hj ~pu`tdki c~carle ck` pme ve~ulp hj pme nek~u~ hj pme ymhle rhrulcpdhk+

:+ Khk ~carldki evvhv~ nck hnnuv d~ ckt ptre hj ~uvzet ymecpmev dp

fe c nek~u~ hv ~carle ~uvzet ~unm c~ aec~uveaekp evvhv~+

9+ ^carldki ~uvzet+

=+ Ph ~elenp pme ~carle hj > ~puèkp~ hup hj 32 ~puèkp~ ye nck u~e

vck`ha ~carldki edpmev ft u~dki vck`ha kuafev pcfle hv lhppevt

aepmh`+ Kh+ hj rh~~dfle ~carle d~ 362+4+ Kcpdhkcl ~carle ~uvzet hvickd~cpdhk+

0+ Nharcve pme nek~u~ ck` ~carle aepmh` hj nhllenpdki `cpc ydpm

vejevekne ph veldcfdldpt, pdae dkzhlze` ck` nh~p+

5+ Ymcp cve pme c`zckpcie~ ck` d~c`zckpcie~ hj nhllenpdki rvdacvt

`cpc ft rev~hkcl dkpevzdey ck` acdle` sue~pdhkkcdve+


20/159

6262

Hvickd~cpdhk * Rve~ekpcpdhk hj @cpc

' Oet rcdkp~ 7

hvickd~cpdhk hj `cpc vejev~ ph pme ~t~peacpdn cvvckieaekp hjjdiuve~ dk ~unm c jhva pmcp nharcvd~hk hj ac~~e~ hj ~dadlcv `cpc

act fe jcndldpcpe` ck` juvpmev ckclt~d~ act fe rh~~dfle+

' Nlc~~djdncpdhk d~ pme ivhurdki hj velcpe` jcnp~ dkph djjevekp nlc~~e~+

Nmcvcnpev~pdn~ hj Nlc~~djdncpdhk

Nlcvdpt Nharvemek~dzeke~~ Mhahiekedpt ûdpcfdldpt Elc~pdn ^pcfdldpt

' Zcvdcfle d~ c nmcvcnpevd~pdn hv c rmekhaekhk ymdnm d~ ncrcfle hj

fedki aec~uve` ck` nmckie~ dp~ zclue hzevpdae+

' Jvesueknt d~ kuafev hj pdae~ hk dpea verecp~ dp~elj dk pme ~evde~+

' Nhkp dkuhu~ zcvdcfle~ cve pmh~e zcv dcf le~ pmcp dknvec~e

nhkpdkuhu~lt hv dk jvcnpdhk+

' C ac~~ hj `cpc nhllenpe` ft dkze~pdicphv dk dp~ nvuè jhva nclle`

vcy `cpc+ Dp d~ ck ukhvickd~e` ac~~ hj pme zcvdhu~ dpea~+

' Fhpm pme lhyev ldadp ck` pme urrev ldadp hj c nlc~~ ! dkpevzcl cve

dknluè` dk pmcp nlc~~ dp~elj nclle` dknlu~dze ~evde~+

' Ymek pme nlc~~ dkpevzcl~ cve ~h jd}e` pmcp pme urrev ldadp hj hke

nlc~~ ! dkpevzcl d~ pme lhyev ldadp hj pme ke}p nlc~~ dkpevzcl, dp d~ nclle`

ck e}nlu~dze ~evde~+

' Pme aepmh` hj cvvckidki cpc hvèvlt dk jhva hj vcy~ ck` nhluak~d~ okhyk c~ pcfulcpdhk+

Odk`~ hj pcfle~

Cnnhv dki ph ruvrh~e Cnnhv dki ph hvdidkcldpt Cnnhv dki ph nhk~pvunpdhk


21/159

6363

Jecpuve~ hj c ihh` pcfle

' Nharcpdfle pdple

' Melrjul dk nharcvd~dck+

' Dècl ~dwe

' ^puf~

' Nlecvdjdncpdhk hj ukdp~+

' Revnekcie ck` vcpdh+

' ^huvne ~darle+

' Fcv dcivca~ cve pmh~e dcivca~ dk ymdnm `cpc cve rve~ekpe` dk

pme jhva hj fcv~ ck` venpckile~+

' Updldpt ( Aevdp~ hj @dcivcaacpdn Rve~ekpcpdhk+

3+ Acoe ~darle ph nharcve cpc

6+ Cppvcnpdze ck` ete ncpnmev~+

>+ Lhkipeva aeahvd~dki ejjenp+

0+ U~ejul dk nharcvcpdze ( velcpdze ~pu`t+

' ûf `dzdè` fcv `dcivca~ cve pmh~e `dcivca~ Ymdnm rve~ekp

~daulpckehu~lt, phpcl zclue~ ck` rcvp~ pmeve dk c ~ep hj c cpc+

' Rde hv ndvnulev `dcivca d~ c ndvnle `dzdè` dkph zcvdhu~ ~eiaekp

~mhydki pme revnekp zclue hj c ~evde~+

' Md~phivca d~ ivcrmdncl rve~ekpcpdhk hj c jvesueknt `d~pvdfupdhk hj

c nhkpdkuhu~ ~evde~+

' Jvesueknt rhltihk d~ `vcyk ft ghdkdki pme ad` rhdkp~ hj pme phr~

hj venpckile~ dk c md~phivca+

' Jvesuent nuvze d~ hfpcdke` ft ghdkdki pme rhdkp~ hj c jvesuent

rhltihk pmvhuim jvee mck` ~ahhpme` nuvze~ khp ft ~pvcdimp ldke~+

' Nuaulcpdze jvesueknt nuvze~ hv hidze nuvze d~ pme nuvze ymdnm d~

nhk~pvunpe` ft rlhppdki nuaulcpdze jvesueknt `cpc hk pme ivcrm

rcrev dk pme jhva hj c ~ahhpm nuvze+


22/159

6666

3 Acvo~ Sue~pdhk~

3+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft hvickd~cpdhk hj cpc8

6+ ^pcpe pme aeckdki hj nlc~~djdncpdhk+

>+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft mhahiekedpt hj cpc80+ ^pcpe pme aeckdki hj sucldpcpdze nlc~~djdncpdhk+

5+ @ejdke vcy cpc+

:+ @ejdke d~nvepe ~evde~ hv jvesueknt cvvct+

9+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft e}nlu~dze ~evde~8

=+ Yvdpe pme kcae hj pme ~evde~ ymdnm dknlu`e cll dpea~ ur ph dp~ urrev

ldadp+

4+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft jvesueknt832+ ^pcpe pme aeckdki hj nlc~~ dkpevzcl~+

33+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft pcfulcpdhk8

36+ @ejdke ncrpdhk c~ c rcvp hj pcfle+

3>+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft ackdjhl` pcfle8

30+ @ejdke fcv dcivca~+

35+ ^pcpe pme aeckdki hj ~uf! dzd`e` fcv `dcivca~+

3:+ @ejdke rde!`dcivca+39+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft md~phivca8

3=+ ^pcpe pme aeckdki hj jvesueknt nuvze+

34+ Yvdpe pme kcae hj pme nuvze ymdnm d~ jhvae` ft ghdkdki ad rhdkp

hj pme phr hj cll venpckile~ dk c md~phivca+

62+ @djdke pme hidze nuvze+

63+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft jcl~e fc~e ldke+

>(0 Acvo~ sue~pdhk~

3+ ^pcpe pme hfgenpdze~ hj nlc~~djdncpdhk+

6+ Yvdpe pme nmcvcnpevd~pdn~ hj c ihh` nlc~~djdncpdhk+

>+ @ejdke pme `d~nvepe ck` nhkpdkuhu~ zcvdcfle~ ydpm pme melr hj

e}carle+


23/159

6>6>

0+ Yvdpe pmvee darhvpckne~ hj nlc~~djdncpdhk+

5+ ^pcpe pme jecpuve~ hj c ihh` pcfle+

:+ ^pcpe pme aevdp~ hj pcfulev rve~ekpcpdhk+

9+ @ejdke rde dcivca+ Yvdpe pme ~per~ hj acodki rde dcivca+=+ Yvdpe ckt pmvee djjevekne~ fepyeek pcfulev ck` dcivcaacpdn

rve~ekpcpdhk+

4+ Acoe c jvesueknt d~pvdfupdhk jvha jhllhydki cpce~+

U~e e}nlu~dze aepmh` ck` jdv~p nlc~~ dkpevzcl d~ 322!332

365 32= 336 36: 332 33> 3>: 3>2 304 355

362 3>2 36: 3>= 365 3>6 334 365 302 30=305 3>9 300 352 306 352 3>9 3>6 3:: 350

32+ Rve~ekp pme jhllhydki `cpc ft aulpdrle fcv `dcivca

Tecv D~p nlc~~ DDk` Nlc~~ Rc~~e`

6229 02 =2 3>2

622= =2 322 362

6224 322 362 3=2

33+ Rve~ekp pme jhllhydki `cpc hj jdkcl nhk~uarpdhk e}rek dpuve hj c

jcadlt ydpm pme melr hj c rde `dcivca+

Dpea~ E}rek`dpuve -dk Vuree~

Nlhpm~ 3:22

Jhh` 6022

E`uncpdhk 3222

Elenpvdndpt 3522

Hpmev~ 6522


24/159

6060

36+ Acoe c jvesueknt d~pvdfupdhk ft u~dki pme nlc~~ dkpevzcl hj 0+ u~e

e}nlu~dze aepmh`+

32 39 35 66 3: 33 34 60 64 3=

65 6: >6 30 62 39 6> 69 >2 3435 3= 60 >5 35 3= 63 6= >> 3=

>0 3> 32 3: 66 62 64 34 6> >3

3>+ Acoe c Md~phivca jvha jhllhydki cpc+

Acvo~ Kh+ hj ~puèkp~+

>2!>5 32

>5!02 6002!05 >2

05!52 00

52!55 6=

55!:2 66

:2!:5 30

:5!92 =

30+ Rve~ekp pme jhllhydki cpc hj pme nhk~pvunpdhk hj fudl dki hj c ~nmhhl+

ydpm pme melr hj rde `dcivca+

Dpea~ Revnekpcie e}rek`dpuve+

Ycie~ 35

Fvdno~ 62

Yhhèk yhvo 5

Rcdkp 32

^peel 65

Neaekp 36

ûrevzd~dhk 9

Hpmev~ :


25/159

6565

5(: acvo~ sue~pdhk~

3+ E}rlcdk pme rcvp~ hj c ihh` pcfle+

6+ E}rlcdk pme rvencupdhk~ ph fe hf~evze` ymdle nhk~pvunpdki+ c ihh pcfle+

>+ Acoe Le~~ pmck ck` Ahve pmck hidze nuvze~ jvha jhllhydki`cpc~+

Acvo~ Kh+ hj pu`ekp~

2!32 62

32!62 30

62!>2 60

>2!02 6:

02!52 6=

52!:2 >=

:2!92 02

92!=2 32

0+ Acoe Md~phivca ck` jvesueknt rhltihk jvha jhllhydki cpc+

Acvo~ Kh+ hj ~pu`ekp~

>2!>5 32

>5!02 36

02!05 62

05!52 6:

52!55 >=

55!:2 6=

:2!52 3=

:5!92 36


26/159

6:6:

Ck~yev hj 3 acvo sue~pdhk~+

3+ Hvickd~cpdhk hj cpc vejev~ ph pme ~t~peacpdn cvvckieaekp hj jdiuve~

dk ~unm c jhva pmcp nharcvd~hk hj ac~~e~ hj ~dadlcv `cpc act fe

jcndldpcpe` ck` juvpmev ckclt~d~ act fe rh~~dfle+6+ Nlc~~djdncpdhk d~ pme ivhurdki hj velcpe` jcnp~ dkph djjevekp nlc~~e~+

>+ Pme ~dadlcvdpt hj jecpuve~ hj cll pme ukdp~ hj c nlc~~ nclle` mhahidkdpt+

0+ Pme nlc~~djdncpdhk cnnhv`dki ph sucldpde~ hv cppvdfupe~ hj pme `cpc

nclle` sucldpcpdze nlc~~djdncpdhk+

5+ C ac~~ hj `cpc dk dp~ nvuè jhva d~ nclle` vcy `cpc+ Dp d~ ck

ukhvickd~e` ac~~ hj pme zcvdhu~ dpea~+

:+ C d~nvepe ~evde~ hj jvesueknt cvvct d~ pmcp ~evde~ dk ymdnm cpc cve

rve~ekpe` dk c yct pmcp e}cnp aec~uveaekp hj dpea~ cve nlecvlt

~mhyk+

9+ Ymek pme nlc~~ dkpevzcl~ cve ~h jd}e` pmcp pme urrev ldadp hj hke

nlc~~ dkpevzcl d~ pme lhyev ldadp hj pme ke}p nlc~~ dkpevzcl dp d~ nclle`

ck e}nlu~dze ~evde~+

=+ Dknlu~dze ~evde~+

4+ Jvesueknt d~ kuafev hj pdae~ ck dpea verecp~ dp~elj dk pme ~evde~+

32+ Pme nlc~~ dkpevzcl~ cve pme lhye~p ck` mdime~p zclue~ pmcp nck fe

dknluè` dk pme nlc~~+

33+ Pme aepmh` hj cvvckidki cpc hvèvlt dk jhva hj vcy~ ck` nhluak~

d~ okhyk c~ pcfulcpdhk+

36+ Ncrpdhk d~ pme pdple idzek ph pme nhluak~ hj c pcfle+ Dp dk`dncpe

dkjhvacpdhk nhkpcdke` dk pme nhluak~+

3>+ Ackdjhl` pcfle ~mhy~ ahve pmck pmvee nmcvcnpevd~pdn~ hj pme cpc+

30+ Fcv `dcivca~ cve pmh~e dcivca~ dk ymdnm cpc cve rve~ekpe` dk

pme jhva hj fcv~ ck` venpckile~+

35+ ûf dzd e` fcv dcivca~ cve pmh~e dcivca~ dk ymdnm ahve pmck


27/159

6969

hke cpc cve rve~ekpe` ~daulpckehu~lt, phpcl zclue~ ck` rcvp~ pmeve

dk c ~ep hj cpc+

3:+ Rde dcivca d~ c ndvnle dzd`e` dkph zcvdhu~ ~cieaekp ~mhydki pme

revnekp zclue hj c ~evde~+

39+ Md~phivca d~ c ivcrmdncl rve~ekpcpdhk hj c jvesueknt `d~pvdfupdhk

hj c nhkpdkuhu~ ~evde~+

3=+ Jvesueknt nuvze d~ hfpcdke` ft ghdkdki pme rhdkp~ hj c jvesueknt

rhltick pmvhuim jveemck` ~ahhpme` nuvze~ khp ft ~pvcdimp ldke~+

34+ Jvesueknt rhltihk+

62+ Dp d~ pme nuvze ymdnm d~ nhk~pvunpe` ft rlhppdki nuaulcpdze jvesueknt

`cpc hk pme ivcrm rcrev dk c jhva hj c ~ahhpm nuvze+

63+ Ymek pmeve d~ c lcvie icr fepyeek wevh ck` adkdaua zclue hj c

zcvdcfle pmck ph adkdad~e pmd~ icr ye u~e jcl~e fc~e ldke+


28/159

6=6=

Nmcrpev!5AECÛVE^ HJ NEKPVCL PEK@EKNT

Rhdkp~ ph Veaeafev 7!' C nekpvcl pekèknt d~ c ~dkile jdiuve pmcp verve~ekp~ pme ymhle

ac~~ hj cpc+

' Cvdpmaepdn aeck hv aeck d~ pme kuafev ymdnm d~ hfpcdke` ft

c``dki pme zclue~ hj cll pme dpea~ hj c ~evde~ ck` dzd`dki pme phpcl

ft pme kuafev hj dpea~+

' Ymek cll dpea~ hj c ~evde~ cve idzek esucl darhvpckne pmck dp d~

nclle` ~darle cvdpmaepdncl aeck ck` ymek `djjevekp dpea~ hj c

~evde~ cve idzek `djjevekp yedimp~ cnnhv`dki ydpm pmedv velcpdze

darhvpckne d~ okhyk yedimpe` cvdpmaepdn aeck+

' Ae`dck d~ pme ad``le zclue hj pme ~evde~ ymek cvvckie` dk

c~nek`dki hvèv+

' Ymek c ~evde~ d~ dzdè` dkph ahve pmck pyh rcvp~, pme dzd dki

zclue~ cve nclle` rcvpdpdhk zclue~+

' Dj c ~pcpd~pdncl ~evde~ d~ dzd e` dkph jhuv esucl rcvp~, pme ek` zclue

hj ecnm rcvp d~ nclle` c sucvpdle ck` èkhpe` ft S+

' Pme jdv~p suckpdle hv lhyev sucvpdle -S3 d~ pmcp zclue ymdnm dzdè~

pme jdv~p mclj hj ck hvèvlt cvvckie` ~evde~ dkph pyh esucl rcvp~+

' Pmdv` sucvpdle hv urrev sucvpdle -S> d~ pmcp zclue ymdnm dzdè~

pme lcppev mclj hj ck c~nek`dki hvèvlt cvvekie` ~evde~ dkph pyh

esucl rcvp~+

' Ahè d~ pme zclue ymdnm hnnuv~ ah~p jvesuekplt dk pme ~evde~, pmcp

d~ ah`cl zclue mc~ pme mdime~p jvesueknt dk pme ~evde~+

' Acdk ruvrh~e~ ck` juknpdhk~ hj czevcie~+

-d Ph verve~ekp c fvdej rdnpuve hj cpc+

-dd Nharcvd~hk+


29/159

6464

-ddd Jhvaulcpdhk hj rhldnde~+

-dz Fc~d~ hj ~pcpd~pdncl ckclt~d~+

-z Hke zclue jhv cll pme ivhur hv ~evde~+

' E~~ekpdcl~ hj c ihh` czevcie+

-d Ec~t ph ukèv~pck`+

-dd Ec~t ph nharupe

-ddd Vdid`lt èjdke`+

-dz Fc~e` hk cll pme dpea~ hj ~evde~+

-z Nevpcdk dk nmcvcnpev

-zd Lec~p ejjenp hj c nmckie dk pme ~carle+-zdd Ncrcfle hj cliefvcdn pvecpaekp+

' Aevdp~ hj Cvdpmacpdn aeck

-d ^darldndpt

-dd Nevpcdkpt

-ddd Fc~e` hk cll zclue~+

-dz Cliefvcdn pvecpaekp rh~~dfle+

-z Fc~d~ hj nharcvd~dhk+

-zd Cnnuvcnt pe~p rh~~dfle+

' @eaevdp~ hj Cvdpmacpdn aeck+

-d Ejjenp hj e}pveae zclue~+

-dd Aeck zclue act khp jdiuve dk pme ~evde~

-ddd uk~udpcfdldpt+

-dz Ad~lec`dki nhknlu~dhk~+

-z Nck khp fe u~e` dk nc~e hj sucldpcpdze rmekhaekhk+

' Aevdp~ hj Ae`dck

-d ^darle aec~uve hj nekpvcl pekèknt+


30/159

>2>2

-dd Dp d~ khp cjjenpe` ft e}pvecae hf~evzcpdhk~+

-ddd Rh~~dfle ezek ymek cpc d~ dknharlepe+

-dz Ae`dck nck fe epevadke` ft ivcrmdn rve~ekpcpdhk hj cpc+

-z Dp mc~ c ejdkdpe zclue+

' @eaevdp~ hj ae`dck+

-d Khp fc~e` hk cll pme dpea~ dk pme ~evde~+

-dd Khp ~udpcfle jhv cliefvcdn pvecpaekp+

-ddd Cvvckidki pme cpc dk c~nek`dki hvèv pcoe~ aunm pdae+

-dz Cjjenpe` ft jlunpucpdhk~ hj dpea~+

' Aevdp~ hj ahè

-d ^darle ck` rhrulcv aec~uve hj nekpvcl pekèknt+

-dd Dp nck fe lhncpe` ivcrmdncllt ydpm pme melr hj md~phivca+

-ddd Le~~ ejjenp hj acvidkcl zclue~+

-dz Kh kee` hj okhydki cll pme dpea~ hj ~evde~+

-z Dp d~ pme ah~p verve~ekpcpdze zclue dk pme idzek ~evde~+

' @eaevdp~ hj ahè

-d Dp d~ ck uknevpcdk aec~uve

-dd Dp d~ khp ncrcfle hj cliefvcpe pvecpaekp+

-ddd Rvhneùve hj ivhurdki d~ nharle}+

-dz Dp d~ khp fc~e` hk cll hf~evzcpdhk~+

' Velcpdhk cahki aeck, ae`dck ck` ahè

Ahè 1 > ae`dck ! 6 aeck

' Lhncpdhk hj ae`dck ft ivcrm !

-d Ft Le~~ pmck hv Ahve pmck hidze~ aepmh` c jvesueknt

`d~pvdfupdhk ~evde~ d~ jdv~p nhkzevpe` dkph c le~~ pmck hv ahve pmck

nuaaulcpdze ~evde~ c~ dk pme nc~e hj hidze~, `cpc cve rve~ekpe`

ivcrmdncllt ph acoe c le~~ pmck hv ahve pmck hidze K(6 dpea hj

pme ~evde~ d~ èpevadke` ck` jvha pmd~ rvdkp -hk pme t!c}d~ hj pme


31/159

>3>3

ivcrm c revrek`dnulcv d~ vcyk ph pme vdimp ph nup pme nuaaulcpdze

jvesueknt nuvze+ Pme ae`dck zclue d~ pme hke ymeve nuaaulcpdze

jvesueknt nuvze nup~ nhvve~rhk`dki ph }!c}d~+

-dd Le~~ pmck ck` ahve pmck hidze nuvze aepmh` rve~ekp pme`cpc ivcrmdncllt dk pme jhva hj le~~ pmck ck` ahve pmck hidze~

~daulpcahu~lt+ Pme pyh hidze~ cve ~urevdarh~e` urhk ecnm hpmev

ph èpevadke pme ae`dck zclue+ Acvo pme rhdkp ymeve pme hidze

nuvze nup ecnm hpmev, `vcy c revrek`dnulcv jvha pmcp rhdkp hk }!

c}d~, pme nhvve~rhk`dki zclue hk pme }!c}d~ yhul` fe pme ae`dck

zclue+

' Ivcrmdn verve~ekpcpdhk hj ahè !

Rvercve c md~phivca jvha pme idzek `cpc jdk` hup pme vcnpckile

ymh~e mdimp d~ pme mdime~p+ Pmd~ ydll fe pme ah`cl nlc~~+ @vcy pyh

ldke~ ! hke ghdkdki pme phr vdimp rhdkp hj pme vcnpckile rvene`dki pme

ah`cl nlc~~ ydpm phr vdimp rhdkp hj pme ah`cl nlc~~+ Pme hpmev ghdkdki

pme phr lejp rhdkp hj pme ah`cl nlc~~ ydpm pme phr lejp rhdkp hj pme rh~p

ah`cl nlc~~+ Jvha pme rhdkp hj dkpev~enpdhk hj pme~e pyh `dcihkcl

ldke~, `vcy c revrek`dnulcv hk mhvdwhkpcl c}d~ d+e+ }!c}d~ pme rhdkp

ymeve pmd~ revrek`dnulcv ldke aeep~ }!c}d~, idze~ u~ pme zclue hjahè+

' Jhvaulce hj nclnulcpdki cvdpmacpdn aeck !


32/159

>6>6

' Yedimpe` aeck !

' Jhvaulce hj nclnulcpdki ae`dck ck` rcvpdpdhk zclue~ !

' Jhvaulc hj nclnulcpdki ahè dk nhkpdkuhu~ ~evde~ !

Ahè hv W !

Ymeve, L3

1 Lhyev ldadp hj ah`cl nlc~~

jh 1 Jvesueknt hj pme ivhur rvene`dki pme

ah`cl nlc~~

j3 1 Jvesueknt hj pme ah`cl nlc~~+

j6 1 Vvesueknt hj pme ivhur ~unnee`dki

pme ah`cl nlc~~

n 1 Acikdpuè hv nlc~~ dkpevzcl hj pme

ah`cl nlc~~


33/159

>>>>

HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft nekpvcl pekèknt8+

6+ Ymcp cve pme ptre~ hj aeck8+>+ Kcae ckt pyh rcvpdpdhk zclue~+

0+ Idze pme aeckdki hj cvdpmacpdn czevcie+

5+ @ejdke ahè+

:+ Rhnoep ahket hj = ~puèkp~ d~ V~+ :,36,3=, 60, >2, >:, 06 ck` 0=,

nclnulcpe aeck+

9+ Yvdpe pme jhvaulc jhv yedimpe` aeck+

=+ Ymcp d~ pme velcpdhk cahki pme aeck, ae dck ck` ahè84+ Ymdnm rcvpdpdhk zclue dzd e pme phpcl ~ep hj zclue~ dkph jhuv esucl

rcvp~+

32+ Idze pme aeckdki hj nhafdke` aeck+

33+ C ~mhe~ ackujcnpuvdki nharckt hklt ackujcnpuve~ ~mhe~ jhv

cùlp~+ Nharckt yckp~ ph okhy pme ah~p rhrulcv ~dwe+ Ymdnm

ptre hj nekpvcl pekèknt ydll fe pme ah~p crrvhrvdcpe8

36+ Ymdnm `dcivca d~ u~e` jhv jdk`dki pme zclue hj ahè ivcrmdncllt83>+ Aekpdhk hke eaevdp hj ahè+

30+ Dj pme zclue~ hj aeck ck` ae`dck cve 02 ck` 0=+ Jdk` hup pme ah~p

rvhfcfle zclue hj ahè+

35+ Nclnulcpe ahè jvha pme jhllhydki `cpc 32, =, 32, :, 0, 36, 32, =,

32, 3=, 3:, 32, 3=, 32, 32+

3:+ Mhy d~ pme zclue hj ae`dck nharupe` ydpm pme melr hj hidze

nuvze~8+39+ Ymcp d~ rh~dpdhkcl czevcie8

3=+ Ymcp d~ pme ~ua hj ezdcpdhk~ pcoek jvha aeck dk c ~evde~+


34/159

>0>0

>(0 ACVO^ SUE^PDHK^

3+ Idze jhuv hfgenpdze~ hj ~pcpd~pdncl czevcie+

6+ ^mhy pmcp pme ~ua hj ezdcpdhk~ hj pme zclue~ hj pme zcvdcfle jvhapmedv cvdpmacpdn aeck d~ esucl ph wevh+

>+ Yvdpe pme aevdp~ hj ae`dck+

0+ Nclnulcpe ae`dck jvha pme jhllhydki cpc

] 32 62 >2 =2 42 322

j > 9 : 6 = 0 -Ck~+ >2

5+ ^pcpe pmvee c`zckpcie~ hj ahè+

:+ Ymcp cve jhuv eaevdp~ hj aeck+

9+ Czevcie dknhae hj 52 jcadlde~ d~ V~+ >222+

Czevcie dknhae hj 36 jcadlde~ d~ V~+ 3=222+

Jdk` pme czevcie dknhae hj ve~p hj pme jcadlde~ -Ck~+ >>9=+45

=+ Ymcp cve pme e~~ekpdcl~ hj c ihh` czevcie+

4+ Aeck acvo~ hfpcdke` ft c ~puèkp dk md~ jdze ~ufgenp~ cve 35 dk

ekild~m me ~enuve~ = acvo~, dk enhkhadn~ 36, dk acpmeacpdn~ 3=

ck` dk nhaaevne 4, Jdk` hup pme acvo~ me ~enuve` dk ~pcpd~pde~+

32+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft yedimpe` cvdpmacpdn aeck8 Mhy d~ dp nclnulcpe`8+

33+ Kcae ck` èjdke pmvee ~pcpd~pdncl czevcie~+

36+ ^pcpe ckt pyh vec~hk~ hj djjevekne fepyeek ae`dck ck` ahè+

3>+ E}rlcdk pme nmcvcnpev~pdn~, aevdp~ ck` eaevdp~ hj aeck+


35/159

>5>5

: ACVO^ SUE^PDHK^

3+ E}rlcdk pme ~per ezdcpdhk aepmh` hj nclnulcpdki cvdpmacpdn aeck,

pcodki ck dacidkcvt ~ep hj cpc+6+ @e~nvdfe pme hfgenp~ ck` juknpdhk~ hj aec~uve~ hj nekpvcl pekèknt+

>+ Ymt d~ pme Cvdpmacpdn aeck pme ah~p nhaahklt u~e` aec~uve hj

nekpvcl pekèknt8

0+ Ymcp h thu aeck ft ahè8 @d~nu~~ pme aepmh`~ hj nclnulcpdki

dp+

5+ E}rlcdk pme nmcvcnpev~pdn~, aevdp~ ck` eaevdp~ hj ae`dck

:+ Vcmul acè pme jhllhydki vuk~ dk djjevekp acpnme~+

Vuk~ 5!35 35!65 65!>5 >5!05 05!55

Jvesueknt 32 36 39 34 66

Nclnulcpe pme czevcie aeck hj pme vuk~ ft ~per ezdcpdhk aepmh`+

-Ck~ >>+=9

9+ Jdk` pme ad~~dki jvesueknt dj pme aeck hj jhllhydki `cpc d~ 00+=+

] 62 >2 02 52 :2 92

J 5 8 35 32 = 5

=+ Jdk` pme ae`dck hj pme jhllhydki `cpc+

Acvo~ 0:!52 03!05 >:!02 >3!>5 6:!>2 63!65 3:!62 33!35

Kh+ hj > 33 66 >5 6: 3> 32 9

^puèkp~+

-Ck~+ >3+9


36/159

>:>:

4+ Jvha pme jhllhydki pcfle jdk` ah`e ydpm pme melr hj ivcrmdncl

verve~ekpcpdhk ck` nmeno thuv ve~ulp ydpm acpmeacpdncl jhvaulc+

E}rck`dpuve 2!32 32!62 62!>2 >2!02 02!52

Kh+ hj Jcadlde~ 30 6> 69 63 65

-Ck~+ 60

32+ Jvha pme jhllhydki cpc jdk` hup pme zclue hj ae dck ivcrmdncllt+

Acvo~ 2!32 32!62 62!>2 >2!02 02!52 52!:2Kh+ hj : 33 62 36 : 5

^pu`ekp

-Ck~+ 6:+5


37/159

>9>9

CK^YEV HJ HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ C dkile jdiuve pmcp verve~ekp~ pme ymhle ~evde~ d~ okhyk c~ nekpvcl

pekèknt+6+ Pmeve cve pyh ptre~ hj aeck ! ~darle ck` yedimpe`+

>+ -d Sucvpdle -dd @endle -ddd Revnekpdle

0+ Ymek pme ~ua hj cll dpea~ d~ dzd e` ft pmedv kuafev d~ okhyk c~

cvdpmacpdn czevcie+

5+ Pme zclue ymdnm hnnuv~ ah~p jvesuekplt dk ~evde~ d~ okhyk c~ ahè+

:+

9+

=+ Ahè 1 > ae`dck ! 6 aeck

4+ Sucvpdle

32+ Ymek pme aeck hj pyh hv ahve pmck pyh ~evde~ d~ nharupe`

nhllenpdzelt, dp d~ okhyk c~ nhafdke` aeck+

33+ Ahè

36+ Md~phivca

3>+ Hke eaevdp hj ahè d~ pmcp dp d~ khp ncrcfle hj cliefvcdn pvecpaekp+

30+ Ahè 1 > ae`dck ! 6 aeck

1 ->} 0= ! -6 } 02 1 300 ! =2

1 :0


38/159

>=>=

35+ Ah`e 1 32

3:+ Pme rhdkp hj dkpev~enpdhk ymeve le~~ pmck hidze nuvze ck` ahve

pmck hidze nuvze dkpev~enp ecnm hpmev idze~ u~ pme zclue hj ae`dca+

39+ Pmh~e czevcie~ ymh~e zclue d~ yhvoe` hup hk pme fc~d~ hj pmedv

rh~dpdhk dk pme ~pcpd~pdncl ~evde~+

3=+ Wevh+


39/159

>4>4

UKDP ! > 7 ^PCPD^PDNCL PHHL^ CK@

DKPEVRVEPCPDHK

Nm!: AECÛVE^ HJ @D^REV^DHKRhdkp~ ph veaeaefev

' @d~rev~dhk d~ c aec~uve hj pme zcvdcpdhk hj pme dpea~ jvha nekpvclzclue+

' Pme aec~uve~ hj d~rev~dhk cve darhvpckp ph nharcve ukdjhvadpt,nhk~d~peknt ck` veldcfdldpt cahki~p zcvdcfle~( ~eke~

' Cf~hlupe aec~uve~ hj d~rev~dhk cve e}rve~~e` dk peva~ hj hvdid!kcl ukdp hj ~evde~+

' Velcpdze aec~uve~ cve e}rve~~e` dk vcpdh~ hv revnekpcie, cl~hokhyk c~ nhejjdndekp~ hj `d~rev~dhk+

AECÛVE^ HJ @D^REV^DHK

-d -dd -ddd

Vckie Dkpev sucvpdle vckie Sucvpdle ezdcpdhk hv

êad Dkpev! sucvpdle vckie

-dz -z -zdAeck ezdcpdhk ^pck`cv` @ezdcpdhk Lhvekw nuvze

' Vckie 7 Vckie d~ ejdke` c~ pme djjevekne fepyeek pyh e}pveaehf~evzcpdhk~ d+e+ pme lcvie~p ck` pme ~aclle~p zclue+

^tafhldncllt

V1 L!^ Ymeve V 1 Vckie

L 1 Lcvie~p Zclue^ 1 âclle~p zclue

' Nhejjdndekp hj vckie 1 L !

L /

' Dkpev Sucvpdle Vckie 7

Dkpev sucvpdle vckie d~ pme `djjevekne fepyeek urrev sucvpdle ck`lhyev sucvpdle+


40/159

0202

Dkpev!sucvpdle vckie 1 S> ! S3

Ymeve S> 1 Pmdv` sucvpdle hv urrev sucvpdle+

S3 1 Jdv~p sucvpdle hv lhyev sucvpdle

' Sucvpdle @ezdcpdhk 7

Sucvpdle èzdcpdhk d~ okhyk c~ mclj hj `djjevekne hj pmdv` sucvpdle-S> ck` jdv~p sucvpdle -S3+ Dp d~ cl~h okhyk c~ ~ead dkpev sucvpdlevckie+

S+ @ 1 S> ! S3

6

Ymeve S+@ 1 Sucvpdle ezdcpdhkS> 1 Pmdv` sucvpdle hv urrev sucvpdle+

S3 1 Jdv~p sucvpdle hj lhyev sucvpdle+

Nhejjdndekp hj sucvpdle èzdcpdhk

Nhejjdndekp hj S+@ 1 S> ! S3

S> / S3

Aeck @ezdcpdhk

Aeck èzdcpdhk ( czevcie `dzdcpdhk d~ pme cvdpmaepdn aeck hj pmeèzdcpdhk~ hj zcvdhu~ dpea~ jvha pmedv czevcie -aeck, ae`dck hvahè iekevcllt jvha pme ae`dck+

Nclnulcpdhk hj aeck èzdcpdhk

Dk`dzdùcl êvde~ @d~nvepe evde~ Nhkpdkuhu~ êvde~

A+@ 1 |@| A+@ 1 j |@| j |@|

K K K

Ymeve,

A@ 1 Aeck èzdcpdhk

|@| 1 @ezdcpdhk~ jvha aeck hv ae`dck dikhvdki / dik~


41/159

0303

K 1 Kuafev hj dpea -Dk`dzdùcl êvde~

K 1 Phpcl kuafev hj Jvesueknde~ -@d~nvepe ck` nhkpdkuhu~ ~evde~

J 1 Kuafev hj jvesueknde~+

Nhejjdndekp hj aeck èzdcpdhk

A+@ hv A+@+ hv A+@

] A W

^pck`cv` @ezdcpdhk 7

^pck`cv` `dzdcpdhk d~ pme fe~p ck` ydèlt u~e` aec~uve hj`d~rev~dhk+ ^pck`cv` ezdcpdhk d~ pme ~sucve vhhp hj pme cvdpmacpdnaeck hj pme ~sucve~ hj èzdcpdhk hj dp~ dpea~ jvha pmedv cvdpmaepdn

aeck+Nclnulcpdhk hj ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk dk dk`dzdùcl ~evde~+

Cnpucl aeck aepmh`+

Ymeve 1 pck`cv` @ezdcpdhk

]6 1 sucve hj ezdcpdhk pcoek jvha aeck

K 1 Kuafev hj dpea~

^mhvpnup aepmh` hv c~~uae` aeck aepmh`

Ymeve }6 1 sucve hj ezdcpdhk pcoek jvha c~~uae` aeck+

Nclnulcpdhk hj ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk dk `d~nvepe ~evde~ 7

Cnpucl aeck aepmh` hv dvenp aepmh`

Ymeve 1 + @+

j}6 1 ua phpcl hj pme ~sucve` ezdcpdhk~

Aulpdrlde` ft jvesueknt


42/159

0606

K 1 Kuafev hj rcdv hj hf~evzcpdhk+

^mhvp nup aepmh` hv c~~uae` aeck aepmh`

Ymeve 1 + @+

j`6 1 ûa phpcl hj pme ~sucve` ezdcpdhk~

Aulpdrlde` ft jvesueknt

j` 1 ûa phpcl hj èzdcpdhk~ aulpdrlde` ft jvesueknt+

K 1 Kuafev hj rcdv hj hf~evzcpdhk~+

^per èzdcpdhk aepmh`

1 ^pck`cv` @ezdcpdhk

j`36 1 ûa phpcl hj pme ~sucve` ~per ezdcpdhk~ aulpdrlde`ft jvesueknt+

j` 3 1 ûa phpcl hj ~per ezdcpdhk~ aulpdrlde` ft jvesueknt

N 1 Nhaahk jcnphv

K 1 Kuafev hj rcdv hj hf~evzcpdhk

Nclnulcpdhk hj ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk dk nhkpdkuhu~ ~evde~+

Cnpucl aeck aepmh`

1 ^+@+

j}

6

1 ua phpcl hj pme ~sucve` ezdcpdhk aulpdrlde` ft jvesueknt+K 1 Kuafev hj rcdv hj hf~evzcpdhk~+

^mhvpnup aepmh` hv c~~uae` aeck aepmh`


43/159

0>0>

^per ezdcpdhk aepmh`+

Nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhkYmek pyh hv ahve ivhur~ hj ~dadlcv cpc cve ph fe nharcve` ydpmve~renp ph ~pcfdldpt -hv ukdjhvadlt hv nhk~d~peknt hv mhahiekedpt,Nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk d~ pme ah~p crrvhrvdcpe aec~uve~+

N Z 1

Ymeve N+ Z 1 Nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk

1 pck`cv` ezdcpdhk

] 1 Cvdpmaepdn aeck

LHVEKW NUVZE 7

' Pme Lhvekw nuvze ezd~e` ft @v+ Ac} H+ Lhvekw, d~ c ivcrmdn aepmh`hj ~pu`tdki `d~rev~dhk+

' Pme Lhvekw nuvze clyct~ lde~! felhy pme ldke hj esucl d~pvdfupdhk,ukle~~ pme `d~pvdfupdhk d~ ukdjhva+

' Pme Cvec fepyeek pme ldke hj esucl d~pvdfupdhk ck` pme rlhppe`nuvze idze~ pme e}pekp hj dkesucldpt dk pme dpea~+ Pme lcviev pmecvec, ahve d~ pme dkesucldpt+


44/159

0000

HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Ymcp d~ dkpev sucvpdle vckie8+

6+ Idze pme jhvaulc hj nclnulcpdki nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk+>+ Ymcp d~ Lhvekw Nuvze8

0+ Nclnulcpe vckie

66, >5, >6, 05, 06, 0=, >4

5+ Ymdnm ivcrmdncl aepmh` d~ u~e` ph aec~uve `d~rev~dhk8

:+ Idze pme aeckdki hj d~rev~dhk+

9+ Mhy d~ nhejjdndekp hj aeck ezdcpdhk nharupe`8

=+ Ymdnm aec~uve hj d~rev~dhk nhzev~ ad le 52% hj pme dpea~8

4+ Yvdpe hke acghv eaevdp hj aeck `ezdcpdhk+

32+ Ymcp h thu aeck ft velcpdze aec~uve hj d~rev~dhk8

33+ Ymcp d~ c ldke hj esucl d~pvdfupdhk+

36+ Yvdpe pyh eaevdp~ hj vckie+

3>+ Ymdnm d~ ah~p yd`elt u~e` ck` fe~p aec~uveaekp hj d~rev~dhk+

30+ Idze pme jhvaulc hj nclnulcpdki sucvpdle ezdcpdhk+

35+ Yvdpe pyh u~e~ hj vckie+


45/159

0505

^MHVP CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^ ->(0 ACVO^

3+ Aekpdhk darhvpckp aec~uve~ hj d~rev~dhk+

6+ Aekpdhk ckt pyh aevdp~ ck` pyh èaevdp~ hj aeck èzdcpdhk+>+ @d~pdkiud~m fepyeek aeck ezdcpdhk ck` ~pck`cv` ezdcpdhk+

0+ Ymcp `h thu ukèv~pck` ft d~rev~dhk8

@e~nvdfe pme zcvdhu~ aepmh`~ hj nharupdki `d~rev~dhk+

5+ @d~nu~~ pme velcpdze aevdp~ hj vckie, aeck ezdcpdhk ck` ~pck`cv`

èzdcpdhk c~ aec~uve~ hj `d~rev~dhk+

:+ Jdk` pme vckie ck` nhejjdndekp hj vckie hj pme jhllhydki 7

Acvo~ 7 32 62 >2 02 52 :2 92

Kh+ hj puèkp~ 7 = 36 9 >2 32 5 6

-Vckie 1 :2 acke~ 7 Nhejjdndekp hj vckie 1 2+95

9+ Jdk` hup pme zclue hj sucvpdle ezdcpdhk ck` dp~ nhejjdndekp jvha pme

jhllhydki `cpc+

Vhll Kh+ 7 3 6 > 0 5 : 9

Acvo~ 7 62 6= 02 36 >2 35 52

-Sucvpdle ezdcpdhk ! 36+5 acvo~

-Nhejjdndekp hj sucvpdle èzdcpdhk 1 2+05

=+ Nclnulcpe aeck ezdcpdhk jvha ae`dck ck` dp~ nhejjdndekp jvha pme

jhllhydki `cpc 7

322, 352, =2, 42, 3:2, 622, 302

-Aeck ezdcpdhk jvha ae`dca 1 >0+6=


46/159

0:0:

-Nhejjdndekp hj aeck ezdcpdhk 1 2+90

4+ Nclnulcpe ~ead!dkpevsucvpdle vckie ck` dp~ nhejjdndekp hj pme

jhllhydki `cpc+

Acvo~ 7 2!32 32!62 62!>2 >2!02 02!52 52!:2 :2!92

Kh+ hj p`+ 0 = 33 35 36 : >

-S+ @ 1 33+55 Nhejjdndekp hj S+@ 1 2+>>9

32+ Nclnulcpe pme ~pck`cv` dzdcpdhk jhv pme jhllhydki cpc

5, =, 9, 33, 30

-^+ @ 1 >+3:

33+ Nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk hj pyh ~evde~ cve 5=% ck` :4% ck` pmedv

~pck`cv` `ezdcpdhk cve 63+6 ck` 35+: ymcp cve pmedv aeck~8

-Aeck~ ] 1 >:+55 ck` 66+:2

36+ Jvha pme jhllhydki `cpc hj pyh yhvoev~, d`ekpdjt ymh d~ ahve

nhk~d~pekp yhvoev8

C F

Czevcie pdae dk nharlepdki c ghf 02 06

^pck`cv` Eezdcpdhk = :

-Yhvoev F d~ ahve nhk~d~pekp c~ md~ N+Z+

-30+64% d~ le~~ pmck pmcp hj yhvoev C -62%


47/159

0909

LHKI CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^ -: ACVO^

3+ @d~nu~~ pme aevdp~, eaevdp~ ck` u~e~ hj vckie+

6+ Ymcp d~ pme aeckdki hj Lhvekw nuvze8 ^pcpe pme ~per~ dkzhlze` dk`vcydki c Lhvekw nuvze+

>+ Ymcp `h thu aeck ft aeck èzdcpdhk8 Dk ymcp yct d~ aeck

èzdcpdhk c feppev aec~uve hj `d~rev~dhk pmck vckie ck` sucvpdle

èzdcpdhk8

0+ Ymcp h ukèv~pck` ft d~rev~dhk8 @e~nvdfe pme zcvdhu~ aepmh`~

hj nharupdki d~rev~dhk8+

5+ Jdk` pme vckie ck` nhejjdnekp hj vckie hj pme jhllhydki7

Cie dk tecv~ 7 5!32 32!35 35!62 62!65

Jvesueknt 7 32 35 62 5

-Vckie 1 62 Nhejjdndekp hj vckie 1 2+:9

:+ Jdk` hup sucvpdle èzdcpdhk, Dkpevsucvpdle vckie ck` nhejjdndekp hj

sucvpdle èzdcpdhk hj pme jhllhydki ~evde~ 7

Medimp dk dknme~7 5= 54 :2 :3 :6 :> :0 :5 ::

Kh+ hj Rlckp~7 6 > : 35 32 35 0 > 3

-S+@+ 1 3, Dkpev sucvpdle vckie 1 6 Nhejj 0S@ 1 2+23:

9+ Nclnulcpe aeck ezdcpdhk jvha ae`dck+

Kh+ hj jvudp~ rev rlckp 7 2 3 6 > 0 5 : 9 = 4 32

Kh+ hj Rlckp~ 7 6 5 9 33 3= 60 36 = : 0 >

-Ae 1 5, A+@ 1 3+:=

=+ Jdk` aeck èzdcpdhk jvha ae`dck hj pme acvo~ ~enuve` ft 322

~puèkp~ dk c nlc~~ pe~p c~ idzek felhy 7


48/159

0=0=

Acvo~ 7 :2!:> :>!:: ::!:4 :4!96 96!95

Kh+ hj p`+ 5 3= 06 69 =

-A+ @+ 1 6+6:

4+ Nclnulcpe nhejjdndekp hj sucvpdle ezdcpdhk jvha pme jhllhydki cpc7

] -le~~pmck 622 >22 022 522 :22

J = 62 02 0: 52

-Nhejjdndekp hj sucvpdle èzdcpdhk 2+60

32+ Nclnulcpe ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk hj pme idzek cpc 7

^dwe 7 > 0 5 : 9 = 4

Jvesueknt 7 > 9 66 :2 =5 >6 =

-^+@ 1 3+304

33+ Nclnulcpe ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk jvha pme jhllhydki ~evde~ 7

Nlc~~ 7 2!32 32!62 62!>2 >2!02 02!52 52!:2 :2!92

Jvesueknt 7 6 0 : : : 0 6

-^+@ 1 35+=3

36+ Pme idzek pcfle ~mhy~ pme cdlt dknhae hj yhvoev~ hj pyh jcnphvde~+

@vcy pme Lhvekw nuvze~ jhv fhpm pme jcnphvde~+

@cdlt Dknhae -V~+ 2!322 322!622 622!>22 >22!022 022!522

Jcnphvt C = 9 5 > 6Jcnphvt F 35 5 6 3 3

3>+ Pme rvdne~ hj ~mcve hj nharckt } ck` nharckt t cve idzek felhy+

^pcpe, ymdnm nharckt d~ ahve ~pcfle8


49/159

0404

Nharckt ] 65 52 05 >2 92 06 >: 0= >0 :2

Nharckt T 32 92 52 62 45 55 06 :2 0= =2

-N+Z+ hj rvdne~ hj ~mcve hj } nh+ 1 64+96%

N+Z+ hj rvdne~ hj ~mcve hj T nh 1 05+40%

Rvdne~ hj ~mcve hj } nh+ d~ ahve ~pcfle+

30+ Ncnulcpe nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk jvha pme cpc idzek felhy 7

] 7 32 33 36 3> 30 35 3:

J 7 32 65 35 5 35 62 32-] 1 36+4, +@ 1 3+449, N+Z+ 35+5%

35+ Nharcve vckie, sucvpdle èzdcpdhk, aeck èzdcpdhk ck` ~pck`cv`

èzdcpdhk hk pme fc~d~ hj nclnulcpdhk~+

3:+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft aeck èzdcpdhk8 Idze pme ~per~ jhv ncnulcpdki

aeck èzdcpdhk dk nc~e hj dk`dzdùcl ~evde~+

39+ Nclnulcpe pme ~pck`cv` èzdcpdhk jvha jhllhydki `cpc ft ~per

èzdcpdhk aepmh`+

] 7 2!32 32!62 62!>2 >2!02

J 7 6 > 0 3

- 1 4+3:5


50/159

5252

CK^YEV^ HJ ZEVT ^MHVP PTRE SUE^PDHK^ -23 ACVO^

3+ Pme `djjevekne dk pme pyh zclue~ hj sucvpdle d~ nclle` dkpev sucvpdlevckie -S> ! S3

6+ Nhejjdndekp hj zcvdcpdhk 1 } 322

]

>+ Lhvekw nuvze d~ pme ivcrmdn rve~ekpcpdhk hj ~pu`tdki `d~rev~dhk+

0+ Vckie 1 Lcvie~p zclue ! aclle~p zclue

1 0= ! 66

1 6:

5+ Lhvekw nuvze aepmh` d~ u~e` ph aec~uve d~rev~dhk+

:+ @d~rev~dhk d~ c aec~uve hj pme zcvdcpdhk hj pme dpea jvha c nekpvclzclue+

9+ Aeck ezdcpdhk 1 j |@|

K

=+ Dkpev sucvpdle vckie

4+ Pme acghv eaevdp hj aeck ezdcpdhk d~ pmcp dp dikhve~ / ~dik~+

32+ Velcpdze aec~uve~ cve e}rve~~e` dk vcpdh~ hv revnekpcie, cl~hokhyk c~ nhejjdndekp~ hj `d~rev~dhk+

33+ Ymdle `vcydki Lhvekw nuvze wevh hj ]!c}d~ ck` 322 hk t!c}d~ cveghdke` ft c ldke+ Pmd~ ldke d~ okhyk c~ ldke hj esucl `d~pvdfupdhk~+

36+ @eaevdp~ hj vckie

-d Dp d~ khp fc~e` hk cll pme hf~evzcpdhk hj ~evde~+

-dd Dp d~ zevt aunm cjjenpe` ft e}pveae dpea~+

3>+ Pme ah~p yd`elt u~e` ck` fe~p aec~uvaekp hj d~rev~dhk d~ ~pck!`cv` `ezdcpdhk+

30+ Sucvpdle ezdcpdhk 1 S> ! S36

35+ Pyh u~e~ hj vckie !

-d Sucldpt nhkpvhl

-dd Aec~uve hj jlunpucpdhk~+


51/159

5353

UKDP ! > 7 ^PCPD^PDNCL PHHL^ CK@

DKPEVRVEPCPDHK

NhvvelcpdhkRhdkp~ ph Veaeafev

' Aeckdki hj nhvvelcpdhk 7

Nhvvelcpdk d~ c ~pcpd~pdncl phhl ymdnm ~pu`de~ pme velcpdhk~mdr

fepyeek pyh zcvdcfle~+ Jhv e+i+ nmckie dk rvdne lec`~ ph nmckie

dk suckpdpt eack`e`+

' Nhvvelcpdhk ~pu`de~ ck` aec~uve~ pme dvenpdhk ck` dkpek~dpt hj

velcpdhk~mdr cahki zcvdcfle~+ Dp aec~uve~ nhzcvdcpdhk khpncu~cpdhk+

' Ptre~ hj Nhvvelcpdhk

Nhvvelcpdhk d~ nlc~~djde` dkph rh~dpdze ck` keicpdze nhvvelcpdhk+

Pme nhvvelcpdhk d~ ~cd` ph fe rh~dpdze ymek pme zcvdcfle~ ahze

phiepmev dk pme ~cae `dvenpdhk+ Jhv e+i+ ~cle hj Dne nveca ck`pearevcpuve ahze dk ~cae dvenpdhk+

Pme nhvvelcpdhk d~ ~cd` ph fe keicpdze ymek pme zcvdcfle~ ahze dk

hrrh~dpe `dvenpdhk+ Jhv e+i+ Ymek thu ~rek` ahve pdae dk ~pu`tdki

nmckne~ hj thuv jcdldki `enldke+

' E}carle~ hj rh~dpdze nhvvelcpdhk cve 73+ Rvdne hj nhaah`dpt ck` cahukp hj ~urrlt

6+ Dknvec~e dk medimp ck` yedimp+

>+ Cie hj mu~fck` ck` cie hj ydje+

0+ Pme jcadlt dknhae ck` e}rek`dpuve hk lu}uvt dpea~+


52/159

5656

' E}carle~ hj keicpdze nhvvelcpdhk cve 7

3+ ^cle hj yhhllek icvaekp~ ck` ct pearevcpuve+

6+ @eack` hj c nhaah`dpt act ih hyk c~ c ve~ulp hj vd~e dk rvdne~+

>+ Tdel` hj nvhr~ ck` rvdne+' @eivee hj Nhvvelcpdhk 7

@eivee Rh~dpdze Keicpdze

Revjenp / 3 ! 3

Mdim Fepyeek / 2+95 ck` / 3 Fepyeek !2+95 ck` !3

Ahèvcpe Fepyeek / 2+65 ck` / 2+95 Fepyeek !2+65 * !2+95

Lhy Fepyeek 2 ck` / 2+65 Fepyeek 2 ck` ! 2+65Wevh 2 2

' Aepmh`~ hj e~pdacpdki nhvvelcpdhk+

-c ^ncppev dcivca

-f Ocvl recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk+

-n ^recvack~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk+

!! ^ncppev dcivca hjjev~ c ivcrmdn e}rve~~dhk hj pme dvenpdhk ck`

èivee hj nhvvelcpdhk+

!! Ocvl recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk d~ c suckpdpcpdze aepmh` hj

nclnulcpdki nhvvelcpdhk+ Dp idze~ c rvend~e kuaevdncl zclue hj pme

èivee hj ldkecv velcpdhk~mdr fepyeek pyh zcvdcfle~+

!! Ocvl recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk d~ cl~h okhyk c~ rvhùnp

ahaekp nhvvelcpdhk+

Jhvaulc 7


53/159

5>5>

Meve,

v 1 Nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk

} 1 -] ! ]

t 1 -T ! T} 1 ^pck`cv` èzdcpdhk hj

] ! ~evde~

t 1 ^pck`cv` èzdcpdhk hj

T! êvde~

K 1 Kuafev hj hf~evzcpdhk~

Ocvl recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk d~ nclnulcpe` ft jhllhydkiaepmh`~ 7

-c Cnpucl aeck aepmh` 7

Meve, v 1 Nhejj+ hj nhvvelcpdhk

} 1 -] ! ]

t 1 -T ! T

-f C~~uae` aeck aepmh` 7


54/159

5050

Meve,

`} 1 @ezdcpdhk~ hj }! ~evde~ jvha c~~uae` aeck 1 -]!C

`t 1 @ezdcpdhk hj T! ~evde~ jvha c~~uae` aeck 1 -T!C

`}+`t 1 ûa hj pme aulpdrle hj } ck` `t

`}6 1 ûa hj pme ~sucve hj }

`t6 1 ûa hj pme ~sucve hj t

`} 1 ua hj pme èzdcpdhk hj }! ~evde~

`t 1 ûa hj pme èzdcpdhk hj T!~evde~

K 1 Kuafev hj rcdv~ hj hf~evzcpdhk~

-n ^per ezdcpdhk aepmh` 7

Meve, `}( 1 `}

N3

`t( 1 `t

N6

N3

d~ nhaahk jcnphv jhv ~evde~ ! }

N6

d~ nhaahk jcnphv jhv ~evde~ ! t

' Rvhrevpde~ hj nhvvenpcpdhk nhejjdndekp -v

-d Nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp -v mc~ kh ukdp

-dd C keicpdze zclue hj v dk dncpe~ ck dkzev~e velcpdhk+-ddd Dj v d~ rh~dpdze pmek pyh zcvdcfle~ ahze dk pme ~cae `dvenpdhk+

-dz Pme zclue hj v lde~ fepyeek adku~ hke -3 ck` rlu~ hke,

-z Dj v d~ wevh, pme pyh zcvdcfle~ cve uknhvvelcpe +

-zd Dj v 1 /3 hv v1 !3, pme nhvvelcpdhk d~ revjenp+

-zddd C mdim zclue hj v dk dncpe~ ~pvhki ldkecv velcpdhk~mdr ck` c lhy


55/159

5555

zclue hv v dk`dncpe~ c yeco ldkecv velcpdhk~mdr+

-zddd Pme zclue hj v d~ ukcjjenpe` ft pme nmckie hj hvdidk ck` nmckie hj~ncle+

Idzek pyh zcvdcfle~ } ck` t lep u~ `ejdke pyh key zcvdcfle~

Meve C ck` N cve c~~uae` aeck~ hj ] ck` T ve~renpdzelt+ F ck`@ cve nhaahk jcnphv~+ Pmet v

}t1 v

uz

!! ^recvack~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk aepmh` d~ u~e` ph nclnulcpe nhejjdndekphj nhvvelcpdhk hj sucldpcpdze zcvdcfle~ ~unm c~ fecupt, fvczevt,

yd~`ha, cfdldpt, zdvpue epn+

Jhvaulc

Meve, v~

1 Nhejjdndekp hj vcko nhvvelcpdhk

@ 1 Vcko `djjevekne~

K 1 Kuafev~ hj rcdv~

Ymek vcko~ cve verecpe` pme jhvaulc d~

Ymeve a3, a

6, +++++++++++ cve kuafev hj verepdpdhk~ hj vcko~+


56/159

5:5:

ZEVT ^MHVP CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^

-HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft nhvvelcpdhk86+ Ld~p ~hae zcvdcfle~ ymeve cnnuvcpe aec~uveaekp d~ djjdnulp+

>+ Ymcp d~ keicpdze nhvvelcpdhk8

0+ Idze pme aeckdki hj rh~dpdze nhvvelcpdhk+

5+ Ymcp d~ pme vckie hj ~darle nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp8

:+ ^pcpe pme ptre hj nhvvelcpdhk ymek pyh zcvdcfle~ nmckie dk pme ~cae

vcpdh+

9+ Idze pyh e}carle~ hj rh~dpdze nhvvelcpdhk8

=+ Aekpdhk pme rvdkndrcl ~mhvp nhadki hj ~ncppev dcivca c~ c aepmh`

hj e~pdacpdki nhvvelcpdhk+

4+ Idze pyh e}carle~ hj keicpdze nhvvelcpdhk+

32+ Ymek d~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk aepmh` u~e`8

33+ Aekpdhk pme kcae~ hj djjevekp aepmh`~ jhv aec~uvdki nhvvelcpdhk+

36+ Ymcp d~ pme acdk eaevdp hj ~recvack~ vcko aepmh`8

3>+ Aekpdhk pme rvdkndrcl ~mhvp nhadki hj Ocvl Recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj

nhvvelcpdhk+30+ Dj v

}t1 2, pmek pme zcvdcfle~ } ck` t cve

-d Ldkecvlt velcpe`

-dd khp ldkecvlt velcpe`

-ddd Dk`erek`ekp

35+ Pme ukdp hj nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp fepyeek medimp dk jeep ck` yedimp

dk odlhivca~ d~

-d oi ( jeep

-dd revnekpcie

-ddd khk! e}d~pekp

3:+ Ymdnm aepmh` hj aec~uvdki nhvvelcpdhk aec~uve~ ckt ptre hj

velcpdhk~mdr8


57/159

5959

^MHVP CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^

->(0 ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft nhvvelcpdhk8 Ymcp cve pme rvhrevpde~ hj nhejjdndekp

hj nhvvelcpdhk~8

6+ Dkpevrvep pme zclue~ hj v c~ 3, ! 3 ck` 2+

>+ Nclnulcpe pme nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp fepyeek } ck` t ck` nhaaekphk pmedv velcpdhk~mdr 7

] !> !6 !3 3 6 >

T 4 0 3 3 0 4 -Ck~+ v 1 2

0+ Nclnulcpe pme nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp fepyeek } ck` t ck` nhaaekphk pmedv velcpdhk~mdr 7

] 3 > 0 5 9 =

T 6 : = 32 30 3: -Ck~+ v 1 /3

5+ Rlhp pme jhllhydki cpc c~ c ~ncppev dcivca ck` nhaaekp hzev pme

ve~ulp 7

] 33 32 35 3> 32 3: 3> = 39 30

T : 9 4 4 9 33 4 : 36 33

:+ Nclnulcpe Ocvl Recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk hk pme jhllhydki`cpc 7

] 35 3= 63 60 69 >2 >: >4 06 0=T 65 65 69 69 >3 >> >5 03 03 05

-Ck~+ v 1 2+4=

9+ Jvha pme jhllhydki cpc, nharupe pme rvh`unp ahzeaekp nhvvelcpdhkfepyeek } ck` t 7


58/159

5=5=

] ~evde~ T ~evde~

-d Kh+ hj dpae~ 35 35

-dd Cvdpmaepdn aeck 65 3=

-ddd ^sucve hj èzdcpdhk~jvha cvdpmaepdn aeck 3>: 3>=

-dz ûaacpdhk hj rvhùnp~ hj èzdcpdhk~ hj ] ck` T ~evde~ jvha pmedv

ve~renpdze aeck~ 1 366

-Ck~+ v 1 2+=4

=+ Kuafev hj rcdv~ hj hf~evzcpdhk~ hj } ck` t ~evde~ 1 32

] ~evde~ 7 Cvdpmaepdn czevcie 1 :5

^pck`cv` èzdcpdhk 1 6>+>>

T ~evde~ 7 Cvdpmaepdn czevcie 1 ::

^pck`cv` èzdcpdhk 1 30+4

ûaacpdhk hj rvhùnp~ hj nhvve~rhk`dki èzdcpdhk hj ] ck` T

~evde~ 1 / 6920

nclnulcpe rvhùnp ahaekp nhvvelcpdhk hj } ck` t ~evde~+

-Ck~+ v 1 /2+9=4+ Nclnulcpe ~recvack~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk jvha pme jhllhydki cpc 7

] 32 36 = 35 62 65 02

T 35 32 : 65 3: 36 =

-Ck~+ v 1 / 2+30

32+ Pyh guìe~ dk c fecupt nharepdpdhk vcko pme pyelze ekpvde~ c~

jhllhy~7

] 3 6 > 0 5 : 9 = 4 32 33 36

T 36 4 : 32 > 5 0 9 = 6 33 3

-Ck~ v 1 ! 2+05 Nclnulcpe vcko nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp+


59/159

5454

33+ Nclnulcpe pme vcko nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk hj pme jhllhydki cpc7

] 7 := 95 42 95 52 :6 02 >5

T 7 32 36 30 32 32 3> 4 =-Ck~+ v 1 / 2+9:

36+ @he~ nhvvelcpdhk darlt ncu~cpdhk8

3>+ @he~ wevh nhvvelcpdhk aeck dkèrekèkne8

30+ Ymt `he~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp `djjev jvha ocvl recv~hk~

nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk8

35+ Ymek d~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp ahve rvend~e pmck ~darle

nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp8

-LHKI CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^

: ACVO^ SUE^PDHK^

3+ @d~nu~~ Ocvl Recv~hk~ aepmh` hj nclnulcpdki nhejjdndekp hj

nhvvelcpdhk+

Idze dp~ aevdp~ ck` ldadpcpdhk~+

6+ Dk c fecupt nhkpe~p, pmvee guìe~ cnnhvè` jhllhydki vcko~ ph 32

rcvpdndrckp~ 7

Guìe D 3 : 5 32 > 6 0 4 9 =

Guìe DD > 5 = 0 9 32 6 3 : 4

Guìe DDD : 0 4 = 3 6 > 32 5 9

Jdk` hup ft ~recvack~ vcko djjevekne aepmh` ymdnm rcdv hj guìe~

mc~ c nhaahk pc~pe dk ve~renp hj fecupt+

-Ck~+ v~D * DD 1 ! 2+63? v

~DD * DDD 1 !2+64? v

~D * DDD 1 / 2+:0


60/159

:2:2

>+ Ymcp cve pme c`zckpcie~ hj ~recvack~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp

hzev Ocvl recv~hk~ nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp8 E}rlcdk pme aepmh` hj

nclnulcpdki ~recvack~ vcko nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp+

0+ Jhllhydki cve pme medimp~ ck` yedimp~ hj 32 ~pu`ekp~ dk c nlc~~+@vcy c ~ncppev `dcivca ck` dk`dncpe ymepmev pme nhvvelcpdhk d~

rh~dpdze hv keicpdze+

Medimp -dk dknme~ 96 :2 :> :: 92 95 5= 9= 96 :6

Yedimp -dk oi+ :5 50 55 :3 :2 50 52 :> :5 52

5+ Nclnulcpe pme nhvvelcpdhk nhejjdndekp hj pme acvo~ hfpcdke` ft 36

~pu`ekp~ dk Acpmeacpdn~ ck` ~pcpd~pdn~ ck` dkpevrvep dp+

Acvo~ -dk Acpm~ 52 50 5: 54 :2 :6 :3 :5 :9 93 93 90

Acvo~ -dk ~pcpd~pdn~ 66 65 >0 6= 6: >2 >6 >2 6= >0 >: 02

-Ck~ 7 v 1 / 2+9=


61/159

:3:3

CK^YEV HJ HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^ 7

3+ Nhvvelcpdhk d~ c ~pcpd~pdncl phhl ymdnm ~pu`de~ pme velcpdhk~mdr

fepyeek pyh zcvdcfle~+6+ Fecupt, fvczevt, yd~`ha, cfdldpt epn+

>+ Pme nhvvelcpdhk d~ ~cd` ph fe keicpdze ymek pme zcvdcfle~ ahze dk

hrrh~dpe `dvenpdhk+

0+ Pme nhvvelcpdhk d~ ~cd` ph fe rh~dpdze ymek pme zcvdcfle~ ahze

phiepmev dk pme ~cae dvenpdhk+

5+ ! 3 < v < 3

:+ Revjenp nhvvelcpdhk+

9+ -d Cie hj mu~fck` ck` cie hj ydje+

-dd Dknvec~e dk medimp ck` yedimp+

=+ ^ncppev dcivca `he~ khp dk dncpe pme e}cnp kuaevdncl zclue hj

nhvvelcpdhk+

4+ -d ^cle hj yhllek icvaekp~ ck` ct pearevcpuve+

-dd Tdel` hj nvhr~ ck` rvdne+

32+ Ymek cpc cve hj sucldpcpdze kcpuve ldoe fecupt, mhke~pt epn+

33+ -d ^ncppev dcivca-dd Ocvl recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk+

-ddd ^recvack~ Vcko nhvvelcpdhk+

36+ Pmd~ aepmh` nck khp fe earlhte` jhv jdk`dki hup nhvvelcpdhk dk c

ivhure` jvesueknt d~pvdfupdhk+

3>+ Pme zclue hj pme nhejjdndekp d~ cjjenpe` ft e}pveae dpea~+

30+ Dk`erek`ekp

35+ Khk ! e}d~pekp

3:+ Ocvl Recv~hk~ nhejjdndekp hj nhvvelcpdhk+


62/159

:6:6

UKDP ! >

-DKPVH@UNPDHK PH DK@E] KUAFEV$

Dkpvhùnpdhk ph dkè} kuafev~Rhdkp~ ph veaeafev

!! Ck dkè} kuafev d~ c ~pcpd~pdncl èzdne jhv aec~uvdki nmckie~ dkpme acikdpuè hj c ivhur hj velcpe` zcvdcfle~+

' Jecpuve~ hj Dkè} Kuafev~

!! Dkè} kuafev~ cve e}rve~~e` dk peva~ hj revnekpcie~+ Mhyezev,revnekpcie ~dik -% d~ kezev u~e`+

!! Dkè} kuafev~ cve velcpdze aec~uveaekp hj ivhur hj cpc+

!! Dkè} kuafev~ hjjev c rvend~e aec~uveaekp hj pme suckpdpcpdzenmckie dk pme nhknevke` zcvdcfle~ hzev pdae+

!! Dkè} kuafev~ ~mhy~ nmckie~ dk peva~ hj czevcie~+

' Ptre~ hj Dkè} kuafev~

-d Ymhle~cle rvdne dkè} -YRD

-dd Nhk~uaev rvdne dkè} -NRD hv

Nh~p hj ldzdki dkè}

-ddd Dkè} hj dkù~pvdcl rvhùnpdhk -DDR-dz Dkè} hj Civdnulpuvcl rvhùnpdhk -DCR

-z êk~e}

' Aepmh`~ hj nhk~pvunpdki dkè} kuafev~

Nhk~pvunpdhk hj Nhk~pvunpdhk hj yedimpe`

^darle Dkè} kuafev~ Dkè} kuafev~

^darle ^darle Yedimpe` Yedimpe`

Ciiveicpdze Czevcie Czevcie hj Ciiveicpdze

Aepmh` hj Rvdne Rvdne Aepmh`

Velcpdze~ Velcpdze~

Aepmh` Aepmh`


63/159

:>:>

!! ^darle ciiveicpdze aepmh` 7

Meve, Rh3

1 Rvdne dkè} hj pme nuvvekp tecv

R3

1 ûa hj pme rvdne~ hj pme nhaah`dpde~ dk pme

nuvvekp tecv

Rh

1 ûa hj pme rvdne~ hj pme nhaah`dpe~ dk pme

fc~e tecv+

!! Nuvvekp tecv 7 Nuvvekp tecv d~ pme tecv jhv ymdnm czevcienmckie d~ ph fe aec~uve` hv dkè} kuafev d~ ph fe nclnulcpe`+

!! Fc~e Tecv 7 Fc~e tecv d~ pme tecv hj vejevekne jvha ymdnm

ye yckp ph aec~uve e}pekp hj nmckie dk pme nuvvekp tecv+ Pme

dkè} kuafev hj fc~e tecv d~ iekevcllt c~~uae` ph fe 322+

!! ^darle czevcie hj rvdne Velcpdze~ aepmh` 7

Meve,

Rh3 1 Rvdne dkè} hj pme nuvvekp tecv

R3 1 Rvdne velcpdze~

Rh

K 1 Kuafev hj nhaah`dpde~!! Yedimpe` czevcie hj rvdne velcpdze~ aepmh` 7

Rh3 1 VY

Y

} 322


64/159

:0:0

Meve,

Rh3 1 Dkè} kuafev jhv pme nuvvekp tecv

Y 1 Yedimp

V 1 Rvdne velcpdze~ d+e+ R3Rh

!! Yedimpe` Ciiveicpdze aepmh`

-d Lc~retve~ Aepmh` 7

-dd Rcc~nme~ aepmh` 7!

' ^hae Darhvpckp Dkè} kuafev~

-d Nhk~uaev rvdne dkè} -NRD 7 NRD d~

cl~h okhyk c~ pme nh~p hj ldzdki dkè}, aec~uve~ pme czevcie

nmckie dk vepcdl rvdne~+

' Aepmh`~ hj Nhk~pvunpdki NRD

-C Jcadlt fuìep aepmh` 7

Meve,

Y 1 Yedimp~

-F Ciiveicpdze e}rek`dpuve aepmh` 7

} 322


65/159

:5:5

-dd Ymhle~cle rvdne dkè} -YRD 7 YRD

Dk`dncpe pme nmckie dk pme iekevcl rvdne lezel+

-ddd Dkè} hj dkù~pvdcl rvhùnpdhk -DDR 7

DDR d~ u~e` ph aec~uve pme velcpdze dknvec~e hv ènvec~e dk pmelezel hj dkù~pvdncl rvhùnpdhk+

Meve, s3

1 Lezel hj rvhùnpdhk dk pme nuvvekp tecv

sh 1 Lezel hj rvhùnpdhk dk pme fc~e tecv

Y 1 Yedimp

-dz Dkè} hj civdnulpuve` rvhùnpdhk -DCR 7

DCR d~ u~e` ph ~pu`t pme vd~e ck` jcll hj pme tdel` hj rvdkndrcl nvhr~

jvha hke revdh` ph hpmev revdh`+

-z êk~e} 7 êk~e} d~ pme ~mhvp jhva hj Fhafct ~phno e}nmckie

~ek~dpdze dkè} ydpm 349=!94 c~ fc~e+ Dp d~ pme feknmacvo dkè}jhv pme Dk`dck ~phno acvoep+ Dp nhk~d~p~ hj >2 ~phno~ ymdnm verve~ekp

3> ~enphv~ hj pme enhkhat ck` pme nharckde~ ld~pe` cve pme lecèv~

dk pmedv ve~renpdze dkù~pvde~+

' Rvhflea~ dk nhk~pvunpdhk hj dkè} kuafev~

-d Ruvrh~e hj dkè} kuafev

-dd êlenpdhk hj fc~e tecv-ddd êlenpdhk hj dpea~+

-dz êlenpdhk hj pme rvdne~ hj dpea~+

-z êlenpdhk hj aepmh` hj yedimpdki

-zd êlenpdhk hj ~huvne~ hj cpc

-zdd Nmhdne hj ck czevcie+


66/159

::::

-zddd Nmhdne hj aepmh`+

' U~e~ hj dkè} kuafev~ 7

-d Ph aec~uve pme ruvnmc~dki rhyev hj ahket+

-dd Okhyleìe hj nmckie dk ~pck`cv` hj ldzdki+

-ddd C gu~paekp dk ~clcvde~ ck` cllhyckne~+

-dz Melr dk jvcadki ~udpcfle rhldnde~+

-z C~ enhkhadn fcvhaepev~+

' Dkjlcpdhk ck` dkè} kuafev~+

!! Dkjlcpdhk d~ è~nvdfe` c~ c ~dpucpdhk nmcvcnpevd~e` ft c ~u~pcdke`

dknvec~e dk pme iekevcl rvdne lezel+

!! Iekevcllt, dkjlcpdhk d~ aec~uve` dk peva~ hj ymhle~cle rvdne dkè}+

!! Vcpe hj dkjlcpdhk 1 C6

! C3

} 322

C3

Meve, C3

1 YRD jhv yeeo jdv~p -3

C6

1 YRD jhv yeeo ~enhk` -6


67/159

:9:9

ZEVT ^MHVP CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^+

HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Ymcp h thu aeck ft dkè} kuafev~8

6+ ^pcpe pyh ncpeihvde~ hj rvdne dkè} guafev~+

>+ @ejdke fc~e tecv+

0+ Kcae pme nhk~uaev ivhur~ jhv ymdnm NRD d~ nharupe`+

5+ Ymcp d~ rvdne velcpdze8

:+ Idze Lc~retve~ jhvaulc jhv yedimpe` dkè} kuafev+

9+ Ymeve nck ye iep ~hae darhvpckp dkè} kuafev~ ~unm c~ NRD,

YRD DDR epn+8

=+ Yvdpe pme jhvaulc jhv nclnulcpdki dkè} hj dkù~pvdcl rvhùnpdhk+4+ Mhy ackt ptre~ hj NRD cve nhk~pvunpe` dk Dk`dc8

32+ @ejdke nuvvekp tecv+

33+ Ymcp d~ pme djjevekne fepyeek ~darle dkè} kuafev ck` yedimpe`

dkè} kuafev~8

36+ Idze pme jhvaulc ph nclnulcpe pme vcpe hj dkjlcpdhk+

3>+ Ymdnm ~dik d~ u~e` ph dk dncpe pme rvdne dkè} kuafev8

30+ Ymcp he~ ymhle~cle rvdne dkè} dk`dncpe835+ Idze Rcc~nme~ jhvaulc jhv yedimpe` dkè} kuafev+

3:+ Ymdnm dkè} kuafev d~ okhyk c~ nh~p hj ldzdki dkè}8

39+ Aekpdhk pme yedimp hj rvdacvt cvpdnle~ dk ymhle~cle rvdne dkè}+

3=+ Dk mhy ackt ivhur~ cll pme nhaah dpde~ cve nlc~~djde` jhv YRD8

34+ Aekpdhk pme yedimpcie hj `djjevekp ivhur~ dk dkè} hj dkù~pvdcl

rvhùnpdhk+

62+ Ymdnm dkè} kuafev d~ iekevcllt u~e` ph aec~uve dkjlcpdhk8

63+ Ymdnm nmckie d~ aec~uve` dk nhk~uaev rvdne dkè}8

66+ Ymdnm dpea mczdki pme mdime~p yedimp dk NRD jhv dkù~pvdcl yhvoev8

6>+ Dk ymdnm dkè} kuafev pmeve d~ c velcpdze darhvpckne hj pme dpea~8


68/159

:=:=

^MHVP CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^+

>(0 ACVO^ SUE^PDHK^

3+ ^pcpe pmvee djjdnulpde~ hj nhk~pvunpdki dkè} kuafev~+

6+ Ymcp cve pme è~dvcfle rvhrevpde~ hj pme fc~e revdh`8

>+ Ymt h ye kee` ck dkè} kuafev8

0+ Yvdpe c ~mhvp khpe hk dkjlcpdhk ck` dkè} kuafev~+

5+ Ymt d~ dp e~~ekpdcl ph mcze djjevekp NRD jhv djjevekp ncpeihvde~ hj

nhk~uaev~8

:+ Aekpdhk pme djjdnulpde~ dk nhk~pvunpdhk hj nhk~uaev rvdne dkè}+

9+ Ymcp d~ pme djjevekne fepyeek c rvdne dkè} ck` c suckpdpt dkè}8

=+ @ejdke dkè} kuafev+ ^pcpe dp~ updldpt+4+ Ymcp he~ ck dkè} hj dkù~pvdcl rvhùnpdhk aec~uve8 Idze jhvaulc

ph nclnulcpe DDR+

32+ Nclnulcpe rvdne dkè} kuafev jhv 6220 pcodki 3440 c~ pme fc~e

tecv jvha pme jhllhydki cpc ft ~darle ciiveicpdze aepmh`7

Nhaah`dpde~ 7 C F N @ E

Rvdne dk 3440 -dk V~+ 322 02 32 :2 42Rvdne dk 6220 -dk V~+ 302 :2 62 92 322

-Ck~+ 3>2

33+ Nhk~pvunp ck dkè} kuafev jhv tecv 6225 pcodki 6222 c~ pme fc~e

tecv jvha pme jhllhydki `cpc ft ~darle czevcie hj rvdne velcpdze

aepmh`7

Nhaah`dpde~ 7 C F N @ E

Rvdne dk 6222 -dk V~+ 322 =2 3:2 662 02

Rvdne dk 6225 -dk V~+ 302 362 3=2 602 02

-Ck~+ 366+>6


69/159

:4:4

36+ Nclnulcpe yedimpe` czevcie hj rvdne velcpdze dkè} kuafev hj rvdne~jhv 6232 hk pme fc~d~ hj 6220 jvha pme jhllhydki `cpc 7

Ihh`~ Yedimp Rvdne 6220 -V~+ Rvdne 6232 -V~+Ymecp 62 62 >5

Vdne 36 35 3=

Adlo = 32 33

Imee 0 5 5

ûicv : 0 5

-Ck~+ 3>4+0

3>+ Nclnulcpe rvdne dkè} kuafev jvha pme jhllhydki `cpc u~dkiLc~retve~ aepmh`7

Nhaah`dpt Fc~e tecv Nuvvekp tecv

Rvdne V~+ Suckpdpt Rvdne V~+ Suckpdpt

C = 322 32 362

F 0 :2 5 =2

N 32 62 36 65@ 36 65 35 >2

E > 5 0 :

-Ck~+ 360+00

30+ Jvha pme cpc idzek felhy, nhk~pvunp Rcc~nme~ rvdne dkè}7

Nhaah`dpt Fc~e tecv Nuvvekp tecvRvdne V~+ Suckpdpt Rvdne V~+ Suckpdpt

C 0 6 : >

F > 5 6 3

N = 6 0 :

-Ck~+ :4+=0


70/159

9292

35+ Ck eksudvt dkph pme fuìep~ hj pme ad``le nlc~~ jcadlde~ dk c nevpcdkndpt icze pme jhllhydki dkjhvacpdhk 7

E}rek~e~ Jhh` Juel Nlhpmdki Vekp Ad~n+

Hk dpea~ >5% 32% 62% 35% 62%

Rvdne -V~+

dk 6220 3522 652 952 >22 022

Rvdne -V~+

dk 3445 3022 622 522 622 652

Ymcp d~ pme nh~p hj ldzdki dkè} ùvdki pme tecv 6220 c~ nharcve`

ydpm 34458-Ck~+ 3>0+04

3:+ Jvha pme `cpc idzek felhy nhk~pvunp pme nhk~uaev rvdne dkè}kuafev 7

Nhaah`dpt Rvdne Velcpdze~ Yedimp~

Jhh` 652 05Vekp 352 35

Nlhpmdki >62 62

Juel ck` ldimpdki 342 5

Ad~nellckehu~ >22 35

-Ck~+ 65>+5


71/159

9393

LHKI CK^YEV PTRE SUE^PDHK^+

: ACVO^ SUE^PDHK^

3+ E}rlcdk pme rvhflea~ dkzhlze` dk pme nhk~pvunpdhk hj dkè}

kuafev~+

6+ @d~nu~~ pme zcvdhu~ u~e~ hj dkè} kuafev~+

>+ @d~nu~~ pme jecpuve~ hj dkè} kuafev~+

0+ Idze pme aeckdki hj ymhle ~cle rvdne dkè} kuafev~+ @d~nu~~ pmeupdldpt hj YRD+

5+ Yvdpe ~mhvp khpe~ hk 7

-c Fc~e tecv

-f NRD-n YRD

-` DDR

:+ Ymcp h thu aeckp ft dkè} kuafev~8

@d~nu~~ pme darhvpckne hj dkè} kuafev~+

9+ Nclnulcpe pme nh~p hj ldzdki dkè} jvha pme jhllhydki cpc 7

Dpea Spt+ nhk~uae` dk Rvdne rev ukdp -V~+$

pme idzek tecv Fc~e tecv Idzek tecv

Vdne 6+5 sp } 36 36 65

Rul~e~ > oi+ } 36 2+0 2+:

Hdl 6 L } 36 3+5 6+6

Nlhpmdki : aepve~ } 36 2+95 32

Mhu~dki 36 ahkpm~ 62 rev ahkpm >2 rev ahkpm

Ad~nellckehu~ E}rek`dpuve hj 36 ahkpm 32 rev ahkpm 35 rev ahkpm

-Ck~+ 656+=

=+ @ejdke nhk~uaev rvdne dkè} kuafev+

E}rlcdk pme u~e~ hj nhk~uaev rvdne dkè} kuafev~+


72/159

9696

CK^YEV^ HJ HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Ck dkè} kuafev d~ c ~pcpd~pdncl èzdne jhv aec~uvdki nmckie~ dkpme acikdpuè hj c ivhur hj velcpe` zcvdcfle~+

6+ -c ^darle dkè} kuafev~

-f Yedimpe` dkè} kuafev~+

>+ Fc~e tecv d~ pme tecv hj vejevekne jvha ymdnm ye yckp ph aec~uvee}pekp hj nmckie dk pme nuvvekp tecv+

0+ Pmeve pme pmvee nhk~uaev ivhur jhv ymdnm NRD d~ nharupe` 7

-d NRD jhv dkù~pvdcl yhvoev

-dd NRD jhv uvfck khk ackucl earlhtee~

-ddd NRD jhv civdnulpuvcl lcfhuvev~+5+ C rvdne velcpdze d~ pme revnekpcie vcpdh hj pme zclue hj c zcvdcfle dk

pme nuvvekp tecv ph dp~ zclue dk pme fc~e tecv+

:+

9+ Enhkhadn ~uvzet

=+

4+ Pmeve cve pmvee ptre~ hj NRD+

-d NRD -DY

-dd NRD -UKAE

-ddd NRD -CL

32+ Nuvvekp tecv d~ pme tecv jhv ymdnm czevcie nmckie d~ ph fe aec!~uve` hv dkè} kuafev d~ ph fe nclnulcpe`+

33+ Dk ~darle dkè} kuafev, cll dpea~ hj pme ~evde~ cve cnnhvè` esuclyedimpcie hv darhvpckne fup dk yedimpe` dkè} kuafev `djjevekpdpea~ hj pme ~evde~ cve cnnhvè` `djjevekp yedimpcie, èrek`dkiurhk pmedv velcpdze darhvpckne+


73/159

9>9>

36+ Vcpe hj dkjlcpdhk 1

Meve, C3

1 YRD jhv yeeo jdv~p -3

C6 1 YRD jhv yeeo ~enhk` -6

3>+

30+ YRD dk`dncpe~ pme nmckie dk pme iekevcl rvdne lezel+

35+

3:+ Nhk~uaev rvdne dkè} -NRD

39+ 66+26 % -hv 66%

3=+ Pmvee

34+ Ivhur~ Yedimpcie

-d Adkdki 32+09

-dd Ackujcnpuvdki 94+>:

-ddd Elenpvdndpt 32+39

62+ Ymhle~cle rvdne dkè} kuafev

63+ Vepcdl rvdne~

66+ Jhh`

6>+ Yedimpe` dkè} kuafev~+


74/159

9090

Ukdp ! 5

Dk`dck Enhkhat hk pme Eze hj Dkèrekèkne

' Pme ~hle ruvrh~e hj pme Fvdpd~m nhlhkdcl vule dk Dk dc yc~ ph veùnepme nhukpvt ph fedki c jeeèv enhkhat jhv Ivecp Fvdpcdk~ hyk

vcrd`lt e}rck`dki ahèvk dkù~pvdcl fc~e+

' Nhk`dpdhk~ dk pme Dk`dck enhkhat hk pme eze hj dkèrek`ckne

-d Lcy lezel hj enhkhadn ezelhraekp 7 pme nhlhkdcl ihzp, kezev acè

ckt ~dkneve cppearp ph e~pdacpe Dk`dc~ kcpdhkcl ck` revncrdpc

dknhae+

Pme e~pdacpe~ idzek ft @v+ Vch ! ivhypm hj I@R yc~ hklt 6%

ymdle pme ivhypm hj revncrdpc huprup yc~ gu~p 3(6 -2+5 revnekp+

-dd Fcnoycv` civdnulpuvcl ~enphv 7 @ue ph

C+ Lck` pekuve ~t~pea ! Wcad`cvd ~t~pea, Acmclycvd ~t~pea ck`

Vthpycvd ~t~pea+

F+ Jhvne` nhaaevndcld~cpdhk hj Civdnulpuve

N+ Rcvpdpdck hj pme nhukpvt+

-ddd Le~~ ezelhre` Dkù~pvdcl ~enphv

C+ @e!dkù~pvdcld~cpdhk ! ènldke hj Dk`dck mck dnvcjp dkù~pvt+

F+ Ncrdpcl ihh` dkù~pvde~ yeve lcnodki

N+ Ldadpe` hrevcpdhk hj rufldn ~enphv

@+ @d~nvdadkcphvt pcvvdj rhldnt+

-dz Ukjczhuvcfle jhvedik pvcè 7-C Kep e}rhvpev hj vcy acpevdcl ck` darhvpev hj jdkd~me` ihh`+

F+ Fvdpcdk mc` ahkhrhlt nhkpvhl hk jhvedik pvcè+

N+ @vcdk hj Dk`dc~ yeclpm+

-z C`zev~e eahivcrmdn nhk`dpdhk 7

C+ Mdim ecpm vcpe ! 02 rev pmhu~ck`+


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F+ Mdim dkjckp acvpcldpt vcpe ! 3= rev pmhu~ck`+

N+ Ac~~ Dlldpevcnt ! =>% dlldpevcpe+

@+ Lhy ldje e}renpcknt ! >6 tecv~

E+ Lhy ~pck`cv` hj ldzdki ! rehrle u~e` ph ~rek` =2% ph 42% hj pmedvdknhae hk fc~dn kee`~+

-zd Ukèv ezelhre` dkjvc~pvunpuve 7

Cf~nekne hj ihh` vhc`~, elenpvdndpt iekevcpdhk, meclpm, eùncpdhk

ck` nhaaukdncpdhk+ Mhyezev ~hae ejjhvp~ mcze feek acè ph

èzelhr fc~dn dkjvc~pvunpuve ldoe vhc`~, vcdlyct rhvp~, ycpev pvck~rhvp

rh~p * peleivcrm ft pme Fvdpd~m vulcv~+ Pme acdk ahpdze yc~ khp ph

rvhzdè fc~dn caekpde~ ph pme Dk`dck rehrle fup jhv pmedv nhlhkdcl

dkpeve~p+

-zdd Ahve erekèkne hk rvdacvt ~enphv

' Lcvie~p ~mcve hj yhvo jhvne ymdnm yc~ 96% yc~ ekicie` dk

civdnulpuve+

' 32% acvujcnpuvdki ymdle 3=% ycvojhvne yeve ekicie` dk ~evzdne

~enphv+' ^hae rh~dpdze ~dè!ejjenp~ hj pme Fvdpd~m vule dk Dk`dc 7

C+ Rvhzd e pvck~rhvp jcndldpde~, lcvilt dk peva~ hj vcdlyct+

F+ @ezelhraekp hj rhvp~+

N+ Rvhzd~dhk hj rh~p ck` peleivcrm ~evzdne+

@+ Fvdpd~m Ihzp+ lejp c fc~e hj c ~pvhki ck` ejjdndekp càdkd~pvcpdze ~ep

ur+


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Dk`dck Enhkhat hk pme Eze hj

DK@EREK@EKNE

HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^3+ Ymcp yc~ pme dkjckp ahvpcldpt vcpe hj Dk dc uvdki Fvdpd~m vule8

6+ ^pcpe pme ldje e}renpcknt dk Dk dc uvdki Fvdpd~m vule+

>+ Ymcp h thu aeck ft dkjckp ahvpcldpt vcpe8

0+ Idze pme kcae hj hke enhkhad~p ymh e~pdacpe` Dk`dc~ rev

ncrdpcl dknhae ùvdki nhlhkdcl revdh`+

5+ Ymcp d~ aeckp ft nhaaevndcld~cpdhk hj civdnulpuve8

:+ Ymcp yc~ pme ahpdze femdk` pme è!dkù~pvdcld~cpdhk ft pmenhlhkdcl Ihzp+ dk Dk`dc8

9+ Ymdnm dkù~pvde~ yeve c`dzev~lt cjjenpe` ùe ph rcvpdpdhk+

=+ Ymcp he~ pme e}rhvp ~uvrlu~ aeck8

4+ Ymcp revnekpcie hj Dk`dc~ yhvodki rhrulcpdhk yc~ ekicie` dk

~enhk`cvt ck` pevpdcvt ~enphv ùvdki Fvdpd~m vule8

>(0 ACVO^ SYE^PDHK^3+ Aekpdhk jhuv jecpuve~ hj Dk`dc~ civdnulpuve hk pme eze hj

dkèrekèkne+

6+ Ymcp yeve pme hfgenpdze~ hj pme Fvdpd~m Ihzp+ dk fvdkidki cfhup

dkjvc~pvunpuvcl nmckie dk pme Dk`dck enhkhat+

>+ Mhy yhul` thu e}rlcdk pme vcdk hj yeclpm uvdki pme Fvdpd~m vule+

0+ @d~nu~~ hnnurcpdhkcl ~pvunpuve hj Dk`dck enhkhat cp pme pdae hj

dkèrekèkne+5+ ^pcpe pmvee acdk jecpuve~ hj Dk`dck enhkhat cp pme pdae hj

dkèrekèkne+

:+ Aekpdhk pme ~pcpe hj Dk`dck dkù~pvde~ hk pme eze hj dkèrekèkne+

: ACVO^ SUE^PDHK^


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3+ Nvdpdncllt crrvcd~e ~hae hj pme ~mhvpjcll~ hj pme dkù~pvdncl rhldnt

ruv~un~ ft pme Fvdpd~m nhlhkdcl càdkd~pvcpdhk+

6+ Ymcp yeve pme acdk ncu~e~ hj Dk`dc~ civdnulpuvcl ~pcikcpdhk

ùvdki pme nhlhkdcl revdh`+>+ Idze c suckpdpcpdze crrvcd~cl hj Dk`dc~ eahivcrmdn rvhjdle uvdki

pme nhlhkdcl revdh`+

0+ Yeve pmeve ckt rh~dpdze nhkpvdfupdhk acè ft pme Fvdpd~m dk Dk`dc8

@d~nu~~+

CK^YEV HJ HKE ACVO SUE^PDHK^

3+ Dkjckp ahvpcldpt vcpe yc~ 3= rev pmhu~ck`+6+ Ldje e}rcnpcknt yc~ >6 tecv~+

>+ Dkjckp ahvpcldpt vcpe aeck~ kuafev hj ecpm~ hj nmdl vek felhy pme

cie hj hke tecv rev pmhu~ck` ldze fdvpm+

0+ @c`c Fmcd Kcuvhgd, * Rvhj Z+O+V+Z+ Vch+

5+ Nhaaevndcld~cpdhk hj civdnulpuve aeck~ rvhùnpdhk hj nvhr~ jhv

~cle dk pme acvoep vcpmev pmck jhv ~elj ! nhk~uarpdhk+

:+ -d Ph iep vcy acpevdcl~ jvha Dk`dc cp nmecr vcpe+-dd Ph ~ell Fvdpd~m ackujcnpuve` ihh`~ dk Dk`dck acvoep cp mdim

rvdne~+

9+ Gupe ck` pe}pdle dkù~pvde~+

=+ Ymek e}rhvp hj c nhukpvt d~ ahve pmck darhvp+

4+ 32% dk ~enhk`cvt ~enphv ck` 3=% dk pevpdcvt ~enphv+


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9=9=

Dk`dck Enhkhat 3452!3442

DK@EREK@EKNE

ENHKHAT 7Ck enhkhat d~ ck hvickd~cpdhk hj enhkhadn cnpdzdpde~ ymdnm

rvhzdè rehrle ydpm pme aeck~ ph yhvo ck` ecvk c ldzdki+

Enhkhat

Ncrdpcld~p ^hndcld~p Ad}e`

Enhkhat Enhkhat Enhkhat

' Ncrdpcld~p enhkhat 7 Dk ymdnm acghv enhkhadn end~dhk~ -ymcp ph

rvhùne, mhy ph rvhùne ck` jhv ymhae ph rvhùne cve lejp ph pme

jvee rlct hj pme acvoep jhvne~+

' ^hndcld~p enhkhat 7 Dk ymdnm acghv enhkhadn end~dhk~ cve pcoek

ft pme Ihzp+ oeerdki dk zdey pme nhllenpdze dkpeve~p hj pme ~hndept

c~ c ymhle+' Ad}e` Enhkhat 7 Dk ymdnm acghv enhkhadn end~dhk~ cve pcoek

ft pme nekpvcl Ihzp+ cupmhvdpt c~ yell c~ cve lejp ph pme jvee rlct hj

pme acvoep jhvne~+

' Enhkhadn Rlckkdki 7 Aeck~ updld~cpdhk jh nhukpvt~ ve~huvne~ dk

`djjevekp èzelhraekp cnpdzdpde~ dk cnnhv`ckne ydpm kcpdhkcl

rvdhvdpde~+

Ihcl~ hj Rlckkdki dk Dk`dc

Lhki ! peva ihcl~ ^mhvp peva ihcl~

Ph fe cnmdeze` hzev c Ph fe cnmdeze` hzev c

Revdh` hj lhki peva revdh` hj 5 tecv~

62 tecv~


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LHKI PEVA IHCL^ ( HFGENPDZE^ HJ RLCKKDKI

C+ Ahèvkd~cpdhk ! C`hrpdhk hj key penmkhlhit

F+ êlj veldckne ! Veùndki erekèkne hk darhvp~+N+ Enhkhadn Ivhypm ! Dknvec~e dk pme ciiveicpe huprup hj

Ihh`~ * ~evzdne~+

@+ Esudpt ! veùnpdhk dkesucldpt hj dknhae hv

yeclpm

E+ Jull earlhtaekp ! Vejev~ ph c ~dpucpdhk ymek cll pme

rehrle dk pme yhvodki cie ivhur cve

cnpucllt ekicie` dk ~hae icdkjullearlhtaekp+

^MHVP PEVA IHEL^ ( HFGENPDZE^ HV

HFGENPDZE^ HJ JDZE TECV RLCK^

^mhvp peva hfgenpdze~ zcvt jvha rlck ph rlck èrek`dki hk

nuvvekp kee`~ hj pme nhukpvt+ Jhv e}carle jdv~p rlck -3453!5:jhnu~e` hk mdimev civdnulpuvcl rvhùnpdhk ymdle dk ~enhk` rlck

-345:!:3 ~mdjpe` pme jhnu~ jvha civdnulpuve ph Dkù~pvt+ Dk Dk`dc

ivhypm ck` esudpt cve pme hfgenpdze~ hj cll pme jdze tecv rlck~+ Pme

ihcl hj nuvvekp jdze tecv rlck -3

class xi economics 2011

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