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COMMUNITY-BASED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
IN SANTO ANDRÉ
1999 ANNUAL WORKPLAN
Municipality of Santo André&
Centre for Human SettlementsUniversity of British Columbia
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 1
Table of Contents
1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………
2. 1999 – 2000 Workplan
2.1 Part One………………………………………………………………
2.2 Part Two……………………………………………………………
3. Expected Project’s Results ………………………………………………..
4. Risk Management Strategy………………………………………………...
5. Outreach Strategy……………………………………………………...
6. Logical Framework Analysis……………………………………….
7. Annual Itemised Budget and Cash Flow Requirements……………….
8. Annexes
Annex 1 – CBWM Framework
Annex 2 –Information Gathering
Annex 3 - Pilot Project Survey Samples
Annex 4 – April/May Mission Report
Annex 5 – Agenda of April Workshop
2 Annual Workplan 1999-2000
1. INTRODUCTION
This report outlines the 1999 plans for the implementation of the Community-Based Watershed
Management in Santo André Project (CBWM). The project is supported by the Canadian
International Development Agency within the Canada-Brazil Technology Transfer Fund.
This report contains a workplan that details the activities carried out during the project’s
Inception Phase period from November 1998 to April 1999. It also contains summaries of
ongoing and future activities: Part One summarizes the activities developed from April to June
1999, and Part Two outlines activities that take place between July 1999 to March 2000.
The results of project activities are encouraging; Canadian and Brazilian teams have been
established and are working effectively toward meeting the project’s goals. The exchange of
ideas and information was an essential component of the first implementation stages, and the
success is due to the participation of both Brazilian and Canadian teams and the collaborating
institutions. Important advancements were made in establishing partnerships among team
members and developing a shared understanding of the project’s challenges and opportunities.
Plans for 1999 built on the strength of these partnerships. Implementation of the first pilot project
will provide the practical hands-on experiences necessary to make changes within a complex and
challenging reality.
Information gathering also played a critical role in the inception phase of the project, demanding
a lot of effort and time from the teams. The collecting and organising of data scattered amongst
several different agencies was a major challenge, and only rarely was the necessary information
available in an adequate format. In spite of the challenges, there were many accomplishments––
the first version of the CD-ROM presented at the April 1999 Workshop at the University of São
Paulo provides a concrete example of the work achieved to date.
In general, the activities carried out provided the teams with an opportunity to fine-tune the
organization to be followed in the next stages. This organization will aid in achieving the main
goal of this project: to make municipal watershed management in Santo André more effective
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 3
and responsive to the needs of informal settlements, and to create the basis for an
environmentally sustainable human settlement in the watershed area.
2. ANNUAL WORKPLAN 1999–2000
The 1999-2000 Annual Workplan is developed following the Inception Phase Report premises,
and is divided in two parts: Part One, which accounts for the activities developed until June 30,
1999, and Part Two which deals with the activities from July 1999 to March 2000.
In general, there are four categories of project activities that will be in development during 1999.
These activities will be conducted within the parameters of the planning process that is guiding
the overall project (see Annex 1). These activities are described below:
(1) Information gathering and diagnosis. This will provide the basis for the development of
a range of possible action options. For a detailed understanding of the watershed within
which Santo André is located, a diagnosis of the regional (Billings Reservoir Basin) as
well as the local (Rio Grande Arm) watershed are to be completed. Once the essential
problems and issues in the watershed are tackled, some initial possibilities for the future
development of Santo André Watershed Protection Area (WPA) will be explored.
(2) Formulation of the CBWM framework. Three working groups (land use and settlement
planning, social action and citizenship, and information management) will collect data,
process, and analyse them for a municipal CBWM strategy.
(3) Initiating Pilot Project 1. The initial steps of the upgrading plan for one settlement in the
watershed protection area – Parque Represa Billings Tres (an illegal subdivision) – will
allow the first steps toward implementation of CBWM methods.
(4) Training in CBWM. Training will be provided to the Brazilian participants in the areas of
conflict resolution, multi-stakeholder management, municipal management,
environmental education, community participation in planning processes, and
4 Annual Workplan 1999-2000
hypermedia data organization. The objective is that the Brazilian teams will become
familiar with the Canadian integrated watershed approach and the hypermedia technology
in order to use the experiences and data collected to develop the watershed management
framework on a continuous basis.
The project’s achievements are to be presented and developed further in workshops involving
stakeholders from municipal, state, and national levels, as well as universities, NGOs, and
community-based organizations (CBOs). The same process will occur in terms of establishing
linkages. Throughout the project’s first year, linkages between Canada and Brazil are being
developed via the participation of project partners and invited specialists in joint workshop and
training events.
2.1. Part One Activities: April- June 1999
I – Information Collection and Diagnosis
In terms of the activities involved in the information collection and diagnosis, there are two
stages covered in the period following the Inception Phase: Stage 1 - evaluation of the Billings
Reservoir Basin; and Stage 2- initial detailed environmental assessment of the Rio Grande Arm
Watershed (drinking water supply area).
Stage 1: Evaluation of the Billings Reservoir Basin
This stage consists of a regional evaluation of the water resources in the Billings Reservoir basin,
including water and land resources and processes of land use that significantly affect water
resources management. This stage represented a reconnaissance type of evaluation, and was
meant to be developed as a framework for the detailed watershed assessment, which is the Stage
2 objective.
Stage 1 comprised the collection of all biophysical and socio-economic data to be incorporated
into the hypermedia CD-ROM. This multimedia tool includes a combination of spreadsheets,
maps, images, graphics, and databases, which create an interdisciplinary and interactive
information system. For this evaluation, biophysical and socio-economic information was
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 5
compiled in a systematic manner and the data then assessed to determine the state and conditions
of the environment in the basin. At the same time, the essential land use activities responsible for
environmental degradation were identified. The entire Billings Basin was divided into sub-
watershed regions to allow evaluation of the geological, soil, land use, water quantity and
quality, drainage, sediment, biological and human resource conditions using a GIS-based overlay
technique.
The setting for this study was developed during the Inception Workshop held in Brazil in
November 1998. A list of all the critical resource information was compiled during the training
workshop in Vancouver during the January-February 1999 meeting, which led to the creation of
the first version of the hypermedia CD-ROM information system. Between February and June
1999, the remaining background information was compiled, evaluated, and incorporated into the
CD-ROM, permitting the identification of essential issues affecting the quality, quantity, and the
management of the water resources in the whole Billings Basin. Discussions on these issues were
conducted during the May 1999 workshop in Santo André, adding new dimensions to the data
organizing process. The initial plan was to have an overview of the resource conditions
completed by May 1999, but due to difficulties in collecting all data necessary, this task was
finished at the end of July 1999.
Stage 2: Detailed Environmental Assessment of the Rio Grande Arm Watershed
Stage 2 involves a more detailed assessment of the drinking water supply and storage area in the
Rio Grande Arm watershed (drinking water supply area). This evaluation emphasizes the
resources and the land uses that influence the quality and quantity of the water resources. It
comprises the appraisal of the biophysical conditions in the watershed, the historic changes in
land use, water utilisation, urban growth, and environmental conditions.
A water balance assessment will be part of this task, as well as a pollution loading assessment,
and a water protection strategy plan. This includes buffer zone assessment, drainage and
infiltration assessments, a preliminary stormwater management plan, a human waste
management strategy, and a framework for determining where urban settlement can be
accommodated within the watershed.
6 Annual Workplan 1999-2000
The information system at this stage will contain an evaluation of environmentally sensitive
areas (ESA’s), an assessment of past and current trends in land use and urbanisation, and an
evaluation of land use activities that are taking place in a sensitive environment. The data will
enable discussions about preventative planning measures (conservation) and the identification of
areas where rehabilitation work should be considered a priority.
The hypermedia CD-ROM will serve as a support tool for the planning process. It will be used
both as a means of organizing and presenting information, as well as serving as a heuristic tool.
The data gathering and organizing for this stage was initiated in April 1999 (see Annex 2). The
plan is to have this information system in place by the end of September 1999 in order to
elucidate a range of possible courses of action. These will then be narrowed down into a series
of practicable options, or elements, that will ultimately comprise the CBWM framework.
II –Formulation of the CBWM Framework
Development of the CBWM strategies has entailed extensive research in international
experiences relevant to the Santo André/Brazilian context. The development has also involved
the initial steps in the formulation of a comprehensive framework for the CBWM with a focus on
land use issues, settlement upgrading, and gender issues.
In terms of the whole Watershed Protection Area, secondary data referring to land use and tenure
aspects was collected and is being analyzed. This information included a survey about the
settlements in the Watershed Protection Area in Santo André that is being examined by Group 2-
Land Use, and Group 3-Community and Social Action.
Research related to settlements in the Watershed Protection Area of Santo André has been
conducted on the following topics: the tenure situation, land use, existing infrastructure and
services, housing standards, demographics, and social and economic data. The data collected was
organized within the proposed matrix (by place, including settlement typology and physical-
spatial characteristics, and by people, including social and economic characteristics, as per the
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 7
Inception Report) in order to facilitate the organization of the settlement planning process. The
information collected thus far is concentrated on settlement characteristics, and has not yet
explored alternative interventions and criteria for evaluation, which should be discussed in depth
during the next stages of the process.
Once all the information has been collected and analyzed, it will constitute the basis of possible
areas for action within the proposed CBWM framework
The Centre for Human Settlements is making a contribution by broadening the knowledge of the
Brazilian partners about gender, citizenship, and environmental issues applicable to the Santo
André context. The Brazilian partners have experience working with gender issues and
citizenship rights, but without an emphasis on environmental and volunteerism issues. This will
be accomplished through workshops with key government and NGO representatives that then
can transfer knowledge and skills to other groups and individuals, and through the incorporation
of gender analysis into the “learn-by-doing” pilot project.
In terms of data collection for this activity development, the Brazilian team has initiated an
extensive fieldwork survey within the Pilot Project 1 area, with the objective of defining the
social and economic profile of the residents as well as their expectations (see Annex 3 for
Questionnaire Sample).
III - Pilot Project
The Pilot Project 1 actions have started and comprise the following specific programs:
1. Continuing environmental education
2. Sanitation education
3. Sanitation follow-up
4. Chlorine distribution and control
5. Technical assistance (tenure regularisation, technical advice in building, etc.)
6. Monitoring and control of new occupations
7. Streets/road access maintenance
8. Potable water
9. Garbage collection
8 Annual Workplan 1999-2000
IV - Training In CBWM
The Canadian mission in May provided training related to CD-ROM production and data
collection. Details are available in Annex 4.
The June Conference of the Canadian Institute of Planners Forum on Governance, Municipal,
and Urban Environmental Management was an opportunity to expose the project to a Latin
American audience that shares the same problems related to urban watershed management. The
team representatives also had the opportunity to discuss the project and to strengthen the linkages
with the project Watershed 2000 in Sao Paulo, a Canada-Brazil Technology Transfer Fund
project.
2.2 Part Two Activities: July 1999-March 2000
I – Information Collection and Diagnosis
The data collection for the Rio Grande Arm Basin will continue; by October it will constitute the
basis for discussions about inputs for the Canada/Brazil workshop, where the final step of the
diagnosis will be established. For an activity list, please refer to Annex 2.
II –Formulation of the CBWM Framework
When the information has been collected, a number of strategies will be established to meet the
Watershed Protected Area communities’ needs. Through the monitoring of the Pilot Projects,
workshops, training sessions, public meetings, the communities’ problems will be discussed.
This process will lead to strategies to minimize and mitigate problems. The participatory process,
which involves communities, municipal officials, and NGOs, will be used to generate ideas and
possibilities that will ultimately be narrowed down into options. It willl serve to indicate what
needs to be done further for making this a sustainable community-based project.
III - Pilot Project
Following the implementation of the actions described in Part One, results will be monitored in
terms of proposed indicators. This is one of the ways in which we will be “learning-by-doing” on
the ground.
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 9
IV - Training in CBWM
The training sessions proposed for this period are:
• Conflict management (Santo André)
• Municipal management (Vancouver)
• Environmental education (Vancouver)
• Multimedia tools (Santo André)
• Community economic development (Santo André)
3. EXPECTED PROJECT RESULTS
In terms of capacity development and institutional strengthening, the outcome of the activities
will involve strengthening the ability of the Santo André Municipality and its partner
organizations to work within perspectives which emcompass gender and environmental issues.
These tools can then be incorporated into all institutional development programs. Another
expected outcome is the empowerment of the community as a process that allows residents to
participate fully in the management of all aspects related to the WPA.
4. RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
The successful development of these planned activities involves the identification and effective
engagement of all stakeholders in data gathering and analysis. This is very important in order to
avoid any gaps in the representation of the complexities of watershed protection issues. In
addition, it is important to be sure of the support of all the stakeholders and responsible agencies
(in terms of available funding) to endorse and contribute to the first steps of implementing the
CBWM framework.
The risks are that key stakeholders will not be sufficiently involved, some data will be
incomplete or unavailable, and the participation and support of all participants could not be
obtained. In order to minimize these risks, all the agencies, institutions and potential stakeholders
are been encouraged to participate with frequent debriefings and follow-up contacts.
10 Annual Workplan 1999-2000
The anticipated risk of non-availability and lack of commitment by the staff of the municipality
of Santo André has not been a problem, but it will continue to be monitored.
5. OUTREACH STRATEGY
Institutional Mechanisms and Communications Strategy
The project includes a number of activities designed to disseminate lessons learned in Santo
André to other municipalities in the ABC Region, the SPMA, and São Paulo State during the last
phases, but this dissemination is already happening through the open workshops organized in
April, and the one to be held in October 1999. Also, constant contact with the institutions,
especially at the state level, will assure that the lessons will be available to all parties interested
in community-oriented watershed management.
There are links to other projects with related focus areas that provide opportunities for building
synergies during the development of this phase. They also provide an opportunity to put in place
relationships that will sustain the community-based watershed management process in Santo
André and in the municipalities after the project’s implementation.
These include:
• The Intermunicipal Consortium ABC. Santo André is an important member of the
Intermunicipal Consortium ABC, and participates actively in the Water Basin Subcommittee,
which will aid in the dissemination process.
• CBWM project partners. Other project partners will also play key roles in this dissemination
process.
• Watershed Management 2000. The complementary nature of the CIDA-funded Watershed
Management 2000 project provides potential for the projects to work together. At one level,
cooperation is possible in Watershed Management 2000’s focus on the Piracicaba River
Basin where the work includes two pilot projects. As in the CBWM project, this project
intends to practice multi-stakeholder negotiation and consultation to develop consensus on
plans to address issues of water use conflict, industrial pollution, and contaminated sites
rehabilitation.
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 11
• Collaborating institutions. Links are being developed with important collaborating
institutions on other projects. For instance, Environment Canada is working with São Paulo
State Water and Sanitation Company (SABESP), as well as with the State Environmental
Protection Company (CETESB), both of which will be drawn into the Santo André project
by playing a useful role in working with the marginalized favela population in Santo André.
• Health Promotion in Action Project. A link has been established with this project within
TTF-CIDA, as there are health-related issues in CBWM that could benefit from the findings
of this project.
• TTF projects. There are potential linkages to be explored around two other TTF projects: the
Ombudsman Project and the Volunteerism and Fundraising Project. These two projects will
be dealing with issues potentially important to the effective implementation of the CBWM
strategies in Santo André and will provide valuable subsidies to the CBWM initiatives.
• German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). A project funded by GTZ has recently
commenced and is aimed at the implementation of a micro-credit system in Santo André.
Part of the work will be implemented in favelas in Santo André and will be highly relevant to
a key element necessary to ensure the sustainability of project impacts – i.e. community
economic development. Conversely, some of the results of the project with CIDA can serve
as input into the micro-credit work with GTZ.
• Canada-Brazil university linkages. At an inter-university level, development of Canada-
Brazil linkages will enrich the Canadian partner’s student bodies, teaching programs, applied
research experience, and ongoing contributions to development. It will also help other
Canadians to establish mutually beneficial contacts with Brazilian academics who are
actively involved in a wide range of technological and socioeconomic development, thus
enhancing cultural ties and commercial linkages.
• São Paulo government linkages. Related initiatives underway in several government agencies
in São Paulo are being explored. They will provide an opportunity to learn from the
experiences shared and documented and develop other institutional linkages. These include
World Bank funded projects in the Guarapiranga Reservoir Basin, the Billings Reservoir
Recovery Program, as well as the IADB favela upgrading program in neighbouring São
Paulo City.
12 Annual Workplan 1999-2000
In terms of the longer-term upgrading, the legal mechanisms are in place to support such
initiatives. The 1997 Law of Recovery and Protection of Watersheds provides Santo André with
the legal jurisdiction to follow through with the implementation of a CBWM system and for this
to inform the ongoing implementation of its upgrading program. At this stage of the project, all
the information and discussions related to these local legislative possibilities are being explored
and developed.
It is important to take in to consideration that larger scale upgrading, however, requires
significant capital investment, which is beyond the scope of this project. What this project is
providing are the tools (policies, plans, methods, and skills) that will guide a longer-term
physical upgrade of favelas in the Watershed Protection Area.
As part of the CBWM strategies for future physical upgrading for effective integration of
informal settlements into the urban system, the project will put in place detailed upgrading plans.
These plans can serve as an input into large-scale funding proposals from agencies, such as
InterAmerican Development Bank (IADB) or the World Bank, for the capital costs of upgrading.
6. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS
The purpose and goal of the project are defined in a comprehensive Logical Framework Analysis
that forms the basis for the cooperation between the two partners in this project. The LFA
outlines the key elements of the three-year project, shared goals and expected outcomes and
impacts.
The long-term goal of the project, to improve human settlement in the watershed area of Santo
André through a participatory and environmentally sensitive management strategy, has been
addressed by a wide range of training activities developed in order to use Canadian expertise to
maximize the interaction between the project partners. Also, the opportunity offered to the
Brazilian partners to visit in loco Canadian initiatives has been extraordinarily successful,
providing both sides with insightful and challenging questions.
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 13
The long-term impacts of the project are expected to be:
• less damage to the environment by settlements in sensitive watershed areas, especially in
informal settlements, and
• an effective stewardship consciousness for the watershed area residents.
The project is developing new methodologies that will consolidate into continuing long-term
arrangements for a sustainable management of sensitive areas. The delivery of the project is
organized according to specific purposes, which, with their outcomes, form the framework for
the short-term achievements that are expected during the period of the project, as detailed in the
LFA
the LFA as per the Inception Report
14 Annex 1
Annex 1
Considerations about the Planning Process for a Community based watershedMagnagement *
a. The planning process
A legalistic approach towards environmental management has been shown to be ineffective in
Brazil. This is consistent with experience in other countries. Master Plans and legal rules are
often simply ignored, or are so out of touch with actual development taking place on the ground,
that their effective implementation is impossible anyway1. It is in this context that the
municipality of Santo André has embarked on the design and implementation of a community
based watershed management (CBWM) framework, which represents a fundamental change in
the way planning and watershed management has traditionally been conducted in Brazilian cities
and states. These innovations are supported by the 1997 legislation, which sets the parameters
within which individual municipalities can formulate and enact plans to manage watershed areas
under their jurisdiction.
An important element of the approach being used in Santo André is that the CBWM framework
is the outcome of the planning process. This is in direct contrast to Master Planning, where the
plans or frameworks are the starting point, into which ‘reality’ on the ground is then supposed to
fit. The planning process being used in the formulation of a CBWM framework is presented
below and in figure 4 as a number of stages. These are organized as including the main stages of
the project cycle: problem definition, defining goals and objectives, design, implementation and
ongoing operation and management. This is not to suggest a simple, linear sequence of steps;
rather, timing of stages overlap, iterations are necessary, and there are recursions of some
elements of the planning process.
* The first part of this text is compiled from a forthcoming article by B. van Horen1 The political gyrations involved in developing the 1992 Master Plan for São Paulo – and which was nevereffectively implemented anyway – are described in Singer, P. 1993. São Paulo’s Master Plan, 1989-92: the politicsof urban space. Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars: Washington DC. For an internationalperspective on problems with Master Planning, see Rondinelli, D. (1993), Development projects as policyexperiments, Routledge, London, pages 90-117; Devas, N. (1993), “Evolving approaches” in N. Devas and C.Rakodi (editors), Managing fast growing cities: new approaches to urban planning and management in thedeveloping world. Longman, Singapore, pages 72-73.
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 15
1. Problem definition. As a starting point, we need to be clear about precisely why an
intervention is necessary at all. As described above, the essence of the problem within Santo
André – and, indeed, throughout the SPMA – is that uncontrolled human settlement results in
damage to environmentally sensitive areas and adversely affects the quality of life for people
in the area, most visibly those living in informal settlements. The immediate planning
problem that arises is that there is no framework or comprehensive framework to guide future
settlement, or to address existing settlement in the watershed protection area.
2. Goal and objectives. Given the problem, what do we wish to achieve? The long-term goal is
to achieve a balance between human settlement and the environment in such a way that
environmental damage is reduced, undamaged areas are protected, and quality of life is
improved. Within this context, the immediate objective of the planning process is to develop
a comprehensive framework outlining what steps need to be taken to ensure that this balance
is achieved, and a strategy to ensure implementation of the framework.
At this point, monitoring criteria need to be defined. These enable ongoing assessment of
whether (a) the CBWM framework addresses the goal (balance between human settlement
and the environment), and (b) steps taken throughout the planning process contribute to the
achievement of the objective (a comprehensive CBWM framework and strategy for
implementation).
3. Design. What, then, needs to be done in order to achieve the objective of designing a CBWM
framework? There are a number of stages in this design process2:
• Gathering and organizing information. Here, primary and secondary data is collected
about the people, places and institutions in the watershed protection area in order to
provide a more detailed understanding of the problem to be addressed. A diagnosis of the
regional Basin and the local watershed is conducted in order to determine the primary
causes of deteriorating quality of the environment and of peoples’ quality of life.
Importantly, the information needs to be organized in such a way that it is accessible to
2 These stages are drawn from Boothroyd, P. (1991) Developing community planning skills: applications of a sevenstep model. Centre for Human Settlements, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
16 Annex 1
all stakeholders, and it provides a basis for exploration of realistic intervention
possibilities.
• Generating ideas as to the range of elements that could comprise a watershed
management framework. This is an ongoing process, involving all the stakeholders that
have an interest in the watershed – residents, community-based organizations, municipal
officials, NGOs, politicians, metropolitan and state level institutions. The interests of all
stakeholders are articulated via workshops, seminars, public meetings, informal
communication, training courses and “learning by doing” in pilot upgrading projects in
the watershed protection area.
• Generating realistic options, or elements, of a watershed management framework. Many
ideas will have been generated in the previous step. These are now systematically
organized into practicable categories that constitute the basic elements – or skeleton – of
the CBWM framework. Each of these elements is then evaluated in terms of the extent to
which they separately, and collectively, contribute to the achievement of the goal.
• CBWM framework. Decisions are them made to integrate elements into a comprehensive
CBWM framework that is considered most effective in achieving the goal and, therefore,
in addressing the problems identified at the outset. This is linked to a strategy for
implementation, which takes particular account of political and legal imperatives.
These four main components of the design stage – information collection, generating
ideas, narrowing them into options, and making decisions – are also applicable when planning
the implementation stage, as well as when planning watershed management into the longer-term.
4. Implementation. Involvement of the Mayor and senior officials throughout the planning
process should increase the likelihood of the municipal political establishment formally
accepting and implementing the recommended CBWM framework. Likewise, the
participatory planning process is designed such that people will have an interest in successful
implementation of plans to which they contributed.
5. Ongoing management. The framework provides the basis for ongoing adaptive management
of the watershed protection area. This framework is not a fixed, static set of rules to be
applied to the problem at hand. Rather, it is an adaptive management framework that will be
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 17
continually revised based on ‘learning by doing’, in order to take into account changing
circumstances on the ground as well as lessons learned in various stages of the planning
process.
Let us now consider this planning process as it relates to one of the many aspects of the problem
– land use and settlement planning – and at what this means for the formulation of a CBWM
framework for the area.
18 Annex 1
Figure 3. The CBWM planning process
How can we (a) more fully understand theproblem and (b) provide a basis to generateactionable options?
What are the range of things that can be done toachieve the goal?
How do we narrow down and organize the range ofpossibilities into practicable options or elements of aframework for action?
Gather and
organize
Generate
practicable
Generate
range of
What is the result of the design phase of the planningprocess?
CBWMFramework
IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN
ONGOINGMANAGEMENT
DEFINE THEPROBLEM
Why intervene at all?
What are we attempting to achieve?DEFINE GOAL& OBJECTIVES
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 19
In order to facilitate the discussion agenda of the meetings the chart below was developed
enclosing key questions and samples of approaches to the planning process.
Planning the planning process[how will we do (= method)]-- now
Substantive Planning[MT – during life of CIDA project -outcome/results]
n+ImPla(LT
1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM (why intervene?)
No framework to guide land use andsettlement in watershed protection area
Daarepar
2. DEFINE THE GOAL (what do we want to achieve?)
Planning process must:• Be participatory• Produce product• Not result in conflict• …
What should the result of the planningprocess be? (= purpose in RBM lingo)• Watershed management plan• Strategy for implementation of the plan• Criteria to monitor design and
implementation
WhachBaand• •
3. GATHER ANDORGANIZE INFORMATION(how can we (a) understandthe problem and (b) provide abasis to generate options?)
How will information be collected?• Primary data collection• Secondary data collectionHow will information be organized?• CD-ROM
What kind of information needs to becollected?• Socio-economic• Physical, spatial• Institutional
4. GENERATE IDEAS(how can we develop a rangeof activities that couldcontribute to achieving thegoal?)
How will the process generate ideas?• Workshops• Pilot projects• Public meetings• Training ….
What are the range of things that could bedone to achieve the goal?• New planning & mgmt approach ….• ….??•
5. GENERATE OPTIONS(how do we organize thesepossibilities into practicableoptions/elements?)
How will ideas be reduced to options?• Decision trees• Political imperatives• …
What are the categories/elements into whichwe can organize ideas into practicableelements?• New land use and upgrading plan• New water quality mgmt plan• New regulatory framework ..•
6. PROS AND CONS(How do we assess whetheroptions/elements address theplanning goals?)
How will pros and cons be assessed?• Goals achievement matrix• Monitoring criteria and indicators
How do we determine whether the elementsseparately and collectively contribute to thegoal?• With reference to monitoring indicators
7. DEFINE THE RESULTSOF THE PLANNINGPROCESS(what is the result or productemerging from the planningprocess?)
What will be the result of the n-1planning process?• A plan for developing the CBWM
framework
What will be the result of the planningprocess? (=outcome in RBM lingo)• Recommended CBWM plan• Strategy for implementation
Whimfra•
20 Annex 2
ANNEX 2
Information Gathering
The work related to the Billings-Tamanduatei Basin was organized in the following areas within
the Brazilian team:
Cartography – SEMASA/DDU
General physiographical data – SEMASA
Vegetation – SEMASA
Hydrology – SEMASA
Water Quality – SEMASA
Water Biota – SEMASA
Infrastructure and Services – SEMASA/ DDU
Land Use – DDU
Demographics – DDU
Social and economic indexes – DDU
Existing plans and projects – SEMASA/DDU
Note: The diagnosis of the Billings-Tamanduatei Basin is based only on existing data, which are
being identified and organized.
First Group - Information Management
The information to be used for the Phase 1 Evaluation will be linked to a geo-referenced
database that consist of a topographic map outlining the Billings Reservoir watershed boundary,
the major stream network and the major sub-basin that make up the watershed area. The climatic
and hydrological data, the geologic and soil resource information, the water quality and aquatic
biota data, and the land use and socio-economic data will all be collected at the sub-watershed
levels and a summary of the overall conditions in each sub-watershed will then presented on a
simple GIS based map format. The maps will be linked to graphics, images and databases using
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 21
the Toolbook hypermedia program. This tool allows us to organize the information, link it with
audio-visual material, and facilitates the integration, access and display of the information. The
evaluation of the Billings Reservoir Basin will be in form of a self-executing CD-ROM program
that is easily accessible and can readily be distributed. and will represent a reconnaissance level
evaluation of the Region. Because of the flexible nature of the technology, the information can
readily be upgraded as new information becomes available.
The information management for Phase 2 will be done in a similar manner, but at a more detailed
scale. The watershed area will be delineated on the large scale topographic map, and digital
geologic and soils map will be incorporated into the database. Land use and land cover changes
will be examined over historic times to determine trends and the water resource information will
be added in an overlay process. Where possible a GIS approach will be followed and information
will be displayed in a geo-referenced manner. An environmentally sensitive area assessment
(ESA) will be carried out using the ABC method3 and the current land use will then be
superimposed on the ESA map to determine where preventative measures are most appropriate
and where the focus should be on rehabilitation work. Again, databases will be linked to the
maps and images using the “Toolbook” program and compiled onto a CD-ROM for easy access
and distribution.
Training is provided to the Brazilian participants on a continuing basis so that they become
familiar with the integrated watershed approach, the hyper-media technology, and the evaluation
methods. The CD-ROM will be designed in a collaborative manner and produced by the
Brazilian team with assistance from UBC. An English and Portuguese version is to be created
and options hard-copy production of selective CD-ROM frames will be provided.
Second Group - Social Action & Citizenship
The approach to land use planning in Brazilian cities has historically been exclusionary in nature.
CBWM, by contrast, recognizes that communities possess a great deal of useful knowledge that
is a crucial ingredient for planning. Consequently, the process is designed to include a wide
22 Annex 2
range of stakeholders in the conceptualization, design, and implementation of planning
guidelines. In particular, this includes marginalized groups such as low-income favela
communities, women, and “illegal” residents who have traditionally been excluded from
decision-making processes. The participatory component of CBWM includes specific attention
to participatory action research, social impact assessment, community economic development,
gender planning and environmental education.
Participatory action research which recognizes that communities need to define their own
problems, develop methods to research these problems and evolve solutions is the guiding
research method of the project. Social impact assessement will be integrated into the “learn-by-
doing” pilot project in order to fully consider the full range of effects, including unintended
effects (or externalities) of policies. This will assist Santo André and the São Paulo regional
authorities to build capacity for integrating SIA into future planning for land use and favela
upgrading. Community economic development initiatives which emphasize collective self-help
traditions will be fully integrated into any proposals to help informal watershed communities
improve their standard of living. Gender planning will ensure that the role of women as
community leaders and educators will be emphasized in the project, as well as the recognition
that women’s needs must be integrated into employment and income-generating programs.
Environmental education is a critical component of the project in that it will be used to educate
communities about the importance of CBWM at the same time as providing opportunities for
communities to educate government officials about their needs.
Third Group - Land use and settlement planning
It is necessary to understand current land use and settlement patterns in the WPA, and what
directions future development could take. To this end, the Land Use and Settlement Planning
group will start by developing typologies of settlement/land use types relevant to the Watershed
Protection Area (WPA). This will feed into the development of possible land use and settlement
scenarios for the WPA which will focus on alternative approaches for upgrading of existing
informal settlements in the WPA, and a framework to guide future settlement in the WPA.
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 23
Initially we are thinking of organizing this in matrix form - on the vertical axis is the range of
settlement types under consideration (slums, and settlements with differing levels of illegality
(pre-76, post-76, those inherited from boundary adjustments). On the horizontal axis are the
characteristics of each settlement type. These is being organized according to the following
three categories:
• "people" (= socio-economic, or what are the characteristics of the population in a particular
settlement circumstance?)
• "place" (= physical/spatial, or what are the characteristics of the place which is being
considered), and
• "institutions" (= political/legal, which is perhaps a way of articulating the range of
impositions by the state and non-governmental actors).
These three categories could then be divided and subdivided, to fit actual cases and also to
ensure that we address the key problems faced in SA's WPA - that you identified in our
discussion last week.
In developing this framework, the Santo André teams are collecting and organizing information
relevant to each settlement type in the WPA (ie. people/place/institutions). In addition, a clear
picture of existing guidelines for service delivery used by institutions working in the area is
being compiled. This includes SEMASA’s approach to be used in delivering services to Parque
Andreense, as well as existing Housing and Urban Development guidelines for the WPA area as
a whole. International approaches to upgrading the various settlement types found in the WPA,
and guiding the growth of such areas will be examined and, where applicable, will serve as an
input into the formulation of the strategy for Santo André.
The output of this group will be to formulate a framework for upgrading of slums and illegal
settlements in Santo André’s WPA, and to develop a strategy for guiding future land use and
settlement in the WPA. It is likely that different strategies and therefore frameworks will be
required for the different land use and settlement types, and so this exercise will draw from prior
experience in Santo André, international experience, as well as from lessons learned during the
first pilot project in Parque Andreense.
24 Annex 2
Fourth Group - Institutional framework
Due to the nature of the existing institutional structure of the Santo André Municipal
Government, we envision the work of the Institutions Working Group to consist largely of
assisting the other three working groups on the institutional implications of their activities. The
Information System Working Group, for example, will need to coordinate their work with the
various agencies of the government which are involved in environmental management and
development in the watershed protection zone. The question of who needs what information and
how access to the data base will be organized will be coordinated through the Institutions
Working Group over the course of the project. This will in turn link to the ongoing activities of
the Land Use and Settlement Planning Working Group and the Socio-economic Development
Working Group. Similarly, activities of these other two groups will need to be undertaken in
consideration of synergies and possible coordination problems arising from existing structures of
relevant agencies. Beyond this advisory role during the course of the project, discrete activities
of the Institutions Working Group will consist of two workshops (or components of workshops)
to be organized near the end of the project. The first will be an evaluation of institutional
working arrangements between the activities of the other three working group, with the intention
of identifying improvements to institutional structures of the municipal government, based on the
outcomes of project activities. The second will be linked to broader dissemination activities,
with the interest of communicating the lessons of institutional coordination for community based
watershed management to other municipalities and intermunicipal agencies which are involved
in watershed protection areas elsewhere in the Sao Paulo Region.
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 25
ANNEX 3CBWM SA Survey
We want to ask you a set of questions about your household and how it functions. This will helpus to do better planning for your community’s needs. The survey should not take more than 30minutes.
1. How many households live on this plot? ________
2. How many people live in your household? _________
3. For you and people in your household please give the following information:
Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RelationshiptoRespondentSexAgeCivil StatusEducationType ofWorkEarn IncomeAmount ofContributiontoHouseholdExpensesNumber ofDaysWorked (onaverage)each week
4. Who makes the decisions in your family in terms of:
1) Buying food? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint ____
2) Choosing where to send your children to school? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint____
3) Handling finances? ? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint ____
26 Annex 2
4) Relationship with government institutions? ? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint____
5. Who is the main person in your household who:
1) takes care of small children in the household? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint____ Specify (i.e., grandmother, daughter) _______________________
2) does the cooking? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint ____ Specify (i.e.,grandmother, daughter) _______________________
3) does the housekeeping? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint ____ Specify (i.e.,grandmother, daughter) _______________________
4) does the house maintenance? a) Woman ____ b) Man ____ c) Joint ____ Specify(i.e., grandmother, daughter) _______________________
6. What % of household income (per month) is spent on:
1) food _________________
2) fuel _________________
3) housing (rent) ______________
4) health services ______________
5) education ______________
6) transport ___________
7) water ____________
8) other (specify) ___________
7. Who has the final word on decisions that concern the household members such as control ofthe bank account? ______________________
8. Are you a member of any group or organization? This includes groups such as those tryingto improve the conditions of houses and services in this community, or groups related to savings,welfare, income generation, church, etc.) a) Yes ____ b) No ____
9. If so, please specify the group and its purpose.
Name of Group/Organization Purpose of Group
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 27
1)______________________________________________________________________
2)______________________________________________________________________
3)______________________________________________________________________
10. Are you in a leadership position in a group or organization you work(ed) with? (For example,chairperson, secretary, treasurer, etc. Define based on local traditions)
a) Yes ____ b) No ____ c) Not Applicable (don’t participate in any organization)
11. If yes, please specify the group and your position.
Name of Group/Organization Position1)______________________________________________________________________
2)______________________________________________________________________
3)______________________________________________________________________
11. What are your three most pressing problems in having a decent place to live?
1)______________________________________________________________________
2)______________________________________________________________________
3)______________________________________________________________________
12. Do you vote in local or community elections?
a) Yes ____ b) No ____ c) No Response/ Not Applicable
12. Do you vote in municipal elections?
a) Yes ____ b) No ____ c) No Response/ Not Applicable
28 Annex 2
AREA DOS MANANCIAIS DE SANTO ANDRÉ – PESQUISA DE CAMPO
NOME: ___________________________________________________________ NªQuestinário |__|__|__|__|- |__|
ENDEREÇO:_______________________________________________Nº____________Compl_______________
BAIRRO: ___________________________________ CIDADE: _________________
ENTREVISTADOR(A): ___________________________________DATA:___/___/99CRÍTICA:______________ DATA ___/___99
Bom dia/tarde. Eu sou (NOME) da PMSA. Nós estamos realizando uma pesquisa aqui no seu bairro,gostaríamos de contar com a sua colaboração. CASO ENTREVISTADO NÃO CONCORDE ENCERRE
A- COMPOSIÇÃO FAMILIAR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9NOME POSIÇÃO
NAFAMÍLIA
SEXO1-MASC2-FEM
IDADE ESTUDA1- SIM2- NÃO
NOBAIRRO1- SIM2- NÃO
ESCOLARIDADE
OCUPAÇÃO
SETOR DEATIVIDADE
MUNICÍPIQUETRABALH
1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10|11|12|
OBS CIRCULE O NÚMERO INDICANDO QUEM É O ENTREVISTADO Para as colunas a 1 e as de 6 a 9 utilize os cartões de 1 a 5 Em outros rendimentos se houver, coloque os valores referentes a pensões, bicos, aposentadorias etc..
B- CARACTERÍSTICAS DO IMÓVEL
1- Há quanto tempo o Sr(ª) mora aqui?
Deste 19__________________ou há ____________anos
2- Antes o Sr (ª) morava?1- Santo André. Qual bairro ____________ 5- Ribeirão Pires2- São Bernardo 6- São Paulo3- São Caetano 7- Diadema4- Mauá 8 - Outro Qual?_________
3- Esta residência é?
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 29
1- Própria. paga com escritura 2- Própria, paga sem escritura3- Própria - não acabou de pagar 4- Alugado5- Cedido por terceiros 6- Invadido
4- Qual o tipo de construção feita ? 1- Casa térrea 2- 2 Pavimentos 3- 3 ou + Pavimentos 4-Barraco 5- Cômodo
5- Qual o material usado na construção? 1- Madeira 2- Alvenaria 3- Misto
6- Uso do dado a está construção ? [ ] Use o cartão 6
7- Quantos cômodos no total tem a casa? _________________ 8.1- Destes quantos servem de dormitório?_____________ 8.2- E quantos são Banheiros ?_________________
9 Pretende ampliar o n.º de cômodos? 1- Sim 2- Não
10- Se Sim. Quantos? ______________________
11- O Sr(ª) predente fazer está ampliação em? 1- Nos próximos 3 meses 2- Nos próximos 6 meses 3- Daqui um 1 ano 4-Sem prazo previsto
C- INFRA -ESTRUTURA ⇒⇒⇒⇒ ESTE BLOCO TEM COMO FINALIDADE COLETAR INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE ASCONDIÇÕES DE SANEMENTO DODOMICÍLIO E DO BAIRRO. AQUI DEVERIA CONSTAR AS QUESTÕES DO SEMASA,PORÉM, O QUESTIONÁRIOENVIADO NÃO CONTINHAM QUESTÕES QUE PODESSEM SER APROVEITADAS PARA REALIDADE LOCAL DOMESMO FOI COLOCADO APENAS AS QUETÕES 31 E 32 COM PODE SE OBSERVADO A SEGUIR..
12- A água que abastece sua casa vem:? 1- Do poço 2- Do caminhão 3- Da represa 4- Da rede da rua
13- De algum modo o Sr(ª) trata esta água que usa? 1- Sim 2- Não
13.1 SE SIM COMO?
1- Garrafa clorada 2 - uso outro produto 3 −−−− Apenas ferve a água
14- O Sr(ª) Já recebeu alguma Orientação da PMSA ou do SEMASA quando ao tratamento da água? 1- Sim 2- Não
15- A sua Casa tem? 1- Fossa negra 2- Fossa Séptica 3- Vala 4- Não tem nenhuma canalização para o esgoto
16- O Sr(ª) Já recebeu alguma Orientação da PMSA ou do SEMASA quando ao tratamento do esgoto? 1- Sim 2- Não
31 O que representa o SEMASA para voce? Voce conhece o GEREM? ( ) sim ( ) não
32 Voce aceitaria fazer algum trabalho junto com o SEMASA - Serviço Municipal de Saneamento Ambiental deSanto André - e que resultasse na melhoria da sua qualidade de Vida? ( ) sim ( ) não
30 Annex 2
PARA 31 SUGERIMOS
17 - O Sr(ª) sabe o que significa o SEMASA? 1- E o órgão/ serviço da prefeitura que cuida da água 2 - E a SABESP de Santo André 3- E o órgão/ serviço da prefeitura que cuida da água e esgoto 4 - Outro Qual?_______________
18- O Sr(ª) conhece ou ouviu falar do GEREM? 1- Sim 2 - Não18.1 PARA QUEM DISSE SIM PERGUNTE: - O Sr(ª) sabe o que ele faz?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Para 3219- O Sr(ª) gostaria de fazer algum trabalho junto com o SEMASA que resultasse na melhoria da condição devida aqui no bairro? 1- Sim 2- Não20- De que forma é a alimentação de energia elétrica na sua casa? Entrevistador citar as alternativas. 1- Com Relógio Próprio 2- Com Relógio para mais de uma casa 3- Sem Relógio
21- Qual a destinação que o Sr(ª) dá para o seu lixo? 1- Coleta pública 2- Queimado/ Enterrado 3- A céu aberto
D - BLOCO MULHER
22- A Sra. possui alguma atividade remunerada? 1- Sim - QUAL ___________________ 2 Não
PARA QUEM RESPONDEU QUE SIM - PROSSIGA SE NÃO PULE PARA 2523 - Esta Atividade é feita ? 1- Na sua Casa 2- Fora de casa
24 - Esta Atividade é ? 1- Registrada 2- Sem registro
25- A Sra. não exerce nenhuma atividade porque ? 1- Está desempregada 2- Não tem mais idade 3- Doença / Invalidez 4- Não possui nenhuma qualificação 5- Não há necessidade
26- Em relação a organização e execução dos trabalhos Domésticos a Sra. Diria que é ? 1- É responsável pela organização e execução. 2- É responsável apenas pela organização e outra pessoa executa 3- Não é responsável pela organização ou execução de nenhum trabalho doméstico
AS PRÓXIMAS PERGUNTAS SÃO SUGESTÕES AS ENVIADAS PELA SRª MATILDE.
4 Tem participação em: Instituições Locais ( ) Associações de Moradores ( ) Clube de Mães ( ) Instituições Religiosas ( ) Partidos Políticos ( ) Outro.Quais?--------------------------------------------------------------------------Programas da PMSA
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 31
( ) MOVA ( ) Orçamento Participativo ( ) Saúde da Família ( ) Educação Ambiental ( ) Outro.Quais?--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUGESTÃO27- A Sra. participa das Instituições locais? 1- sim 2 - Não
28 - Se sim Quais 1- Associações de Moradores 2- Instituições Religiosas 3- Clube de Mães 4- Partido Político 5 Outros Quais?_________________________________
29- A Sra. participa dos Programas da PMSA? 1- sim 2 - Não
30 - Se sim Quais 1-MOVA 2- Saúde da Família 3- Orçamento Participativo 4- Educação Ambiental 5- Outro Qual?______________________________________
31- A sua participação ocorre ao nível de? 1- Liderança 2- Membro/ associado
5. Interesses de Participação
( ) Atividades Culturais Quais___________________________( ) Curso: Corpo Saudável, a prevenção é o remédio (quintas feiras jun. / jul.) ( ) Oficina: Mulher e Meio Ambiente (agosto) ( ) Cursos/Oficinas Sobre:--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUGESTÃO32- Gostaria saber se há, de sua parte interesse em participar das atividades que vou citar? 1- Sim 2- Não [ ] Curso : Corpo Saudável, a prevenção é o remédio(quintas feiras jun./jul.) [ ] Oficina: Mulher e Meio Ambiente (agosto) [ ] Atividades Culturais. Se sim Quais: _______________________________________ [ ] Outros Curso ou Oficinas sobre: ________________________________________
6 Na sua opinião, o que seria necessário ser feito para melhorar:
. a vida das mulheres ________________________________________________ . a vida dos jovens ________________________________________________ . a vida das mulheres ________________________________________________
SUGESTÃO
32 Annex 2
33- A Sra. poderia me dizer uma coisa que faria para melhorar a:
1 A vida das Mulheres_______________________________________________
2 A vida dos jovens: _______________________________________
3 A condição do seu Bairro: ________________________________________
E- AVALIAÇÃO DO SEU BAIRRO34- Vou citar algumas Frases e gostaria que o Sr(a) responde-se de acordo com o cartão 7 seconcorda ou discorda em que grau?
Concorda DiscordaFRASE 1 2 3 41- Morar aqui é bom, não pretendo sair daqui 1 2 3 4 2-Este bairro e igual aos outros de Santo André 1 2 3 4 3- A vizinhança e boa, não tenho problemas com eles! 1 2 3 4 4- Morar aqui e passageiro, prefiro outro lugar 1 2 3 4 5- A vizinhança não é das melhores 1 2 3 46- Acredito que não haverá melhorias no bairro 1 2 3 4
⇓⇓⇓⇓OBSERVAÇÃO: ESTES SÃO EXEMPLOS DE FRASES QUE PODERIA CONSTAR DA AVA\LIAÇÃO DOBAIRRO, SUGERIMOS 10 FRASES DE PREFERÊNCIA UMAS POSITIVAS OUTRAS NEGATIVAS
F- DADOS DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO
35- Agora, gostaria de saber para fins de classificação sócio econômica, qual desse itens o Sr(ª) temem casa?
ITEM Nãotem
1 2 3 4 5 6 ou+
TELEVISÃO A CORES 0 4 7 11 14 18 22RÁDIO 0 2 3 5 6 8 9
ASPIRADOR DE PÓ 0 6 6 6 6 6 6MÁQUINA DE LAVAR ROUPA 0 8 8 8 8 8 8
BANHEIROS 0 2 5 7 10 12 15EMPREGADA MENSALISTA 0 5 11 16 21 26 32
AUTOMÓVEL 0 4 9 13 18 22 26VÍDEO CASSETE 0 10 10 10 10 10 10
GELADEIRA 0 7 7 7 7 7 7
ESCOLARIDADE DO CHEFE DE FAMÍLIA:
ABIPEME1 -Analfabeto/Primário Incompleto 0
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 33
2 -Primário Completo/Ginásio Incompleto 53 -Ginásio Completo/Colegial Incompleto 104 -Colegial Completo/Superior Incompleto 155 -Superior 21
Total depontos ?________
Classe_________ ABIPEME
A classe social deriva do total de pontos acumulado, de acordo com ositens que possui mais o grau de instrução d o chefe de família. Gerando
as classes:A- >=89 Pontos; B- 59 A 88 Ptos; C- 35 A 58 Ptos; D-10 A 34 Ptos; E- 0
A 09 Ptos
34 Annex 2
ANNEX 4
April/May Mission
The second training activity and seminar for the project “Community-Based Watershed Management(CBWM) in Santo André” was held in Santo André from April 26 to May 8, 1999. This reportprovides an outline of the activities undertaken during the two-week Canadian mission. The reportalso covers activity development and provides a framework of the activities to be pursued within thenext phases of the project. This framework incorporates the adjustments made to the initial project’sdesign, reflected in the scheduling and tasks distribution, as well as in the timing of the pilot projects(for more details, see Inception Phase Report).
In spite of its ambitious scope, the development of the CBWM project is surpassing our originalexpectations. Both the commitment levels of the team members and the technical accomplishmentsduring training sessions were very promising. The process has been enriched by constant input fromour partners and from a new approach to a very complex set of problems. The adjustments are a clearsign of the effectiveness of interaction with diverse institutions. The practical experience of theparticipants can be combined to encourage creative and innovative approaches that can beincorporated in the project.
There were four major areas where the activities were developed: CD-ROM production techniques;multiple account analysis training; land use discussions and a public seminar realised in theArchitecture School of the University of Sao Paulo. A brief description of these activities will beprovided and ultimately complemented by attached specific reports.
Activity Rationale
This Canadian mission to Santo André was the follow-up to the introductory training in CBWMrealised in Vancouver in January, when key project participants were exposed to a variety ofCanadian expertise and projects in order to foster their understanding of the holistic approachprescribed by the CBWM system. The agenda for that event was created so that key Brazilian teammembers would have maximum exposure to the project concepts and principles, which are to bedeveloped in greater detail through subsequent training sessions and missions. This exposureincluded field visits and meetings with various Canadian experts and project personnel, and wasconsidered an ideal opportunity to inform the whole team about the various dimensions of CBWM.
Thus, the subsequent project’s activity was designed for accessing the progress in the tasks whichimplementation where agreed upon during the January mission, as well as to evaluate the degree ofaccuracy of the proposed project’s development agenda. The event was also programmed as the
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 35
completion time of the first phase of diagnosis, i.e. the compilation of the data about the BillingsWatershed Basin. It was seen as appropriate to realise the first ‘public’ exposure of the project’sachievements, as an important step was reached. The discussion in a larger forum (as state levelagencies, community organisations outside the region, universities, etc.) was seen as a meaningfulcontribution for the project.
This event was an important point for the evaluation of the work of the Brazilian team, consideringthat each group must develop specific tasks, activities, and subprograms, but under an overall visionof all the watershed management challenges. The involvement and commitment of all keyparticipants in the creation of a common vision at the beginning of watershed planning process is acritical assumption. Thus, the Canadian mission to Santo André had to evaluate if this had happenedand if we were able to establish good lines of communication between the various team membersduring the Vancouver first training session/mission.
Finally, it was important also to establish any difficulties that appeared during the firstimplementation phase, in order to attend the necessary changes in schedule and/or proceduresdefined previously, and discuss possible adjustments.
Agenda
Monday April 26 to Thursday April 29CD-ROM Production TechniquesThe first 4 days of the mission were concentrated in adjustments of the CD-ROM version developedby the Brazilian team from the initial version, once it was been prepared to be shown in the April 30th
Seminar at the University of São Paulo. A large number of the planning staff from the municipalityand SEMASA were involved, in order to verify the data and the way it was being incorporated intothe multimedia CD-ROM. The Canadian team had the opportunity to discuss and help in this firstpublic project’s presentation that contains information, graphics, and the proposed framework for theCBWM project.
Friday, April 30th.The whole day activities were directed towards the Seminar “Watersheds and Urbanisation: is thereany sustainability in it?” This Seminar (see attached agenda) was realised at the Faculty ofArchitecture an Urbanisation of the University of São Paulo, and it was attended by representativesof various agencies which deal with watershed management as well as by environmental communitygroups, academics and students. The objective of the Seminar was to discuss issues involving thesettlement of urban watersheds and aspects related to their management and monitoring. During themorning period, the Institute for Resources and Environment gave a presentation about the use ofmultimedia resources in watershed management in urban and peri-urban settings, emphasising some
36 Annex 2
techniques and approaches it has been using in several parts of the world. After this presentation, theCBWM Project first version CD-ROM was presented by the SEMASA.
Representatives from several agencies and community organisations proposed questions pertinent toplanning, policies and institutional context of watershed management, accentuating the complexity ofdealing with so many stakeholders in a constructive manner, and making clear how important it is tobuild a consensus that reaches beyond the borders of the municipality.
Monday, May 3 and Tuesday, May 4 These days were dedicated to training sessions conducted by the IRE team in relation to multipleaccount analysis . The main theme was socioeconomic issues and how to integrate biophysical andsocioeconomic information into a watershed management plan. The IRE team used the models theydeveloped for a project in Nepal, with a specific emphasis on gender issues. The IRE team alsoprovided training for the use of various software tools, such as Toolbook. This included apresentation on how to develop a hypermedia presentation. The workplan for the next stages of theCD-ROM development was created with the establishment of tasks and information gathering needs.
It was also discussed the results of the CD-ROM so far and which should be the next stages,including the discussion of the division of responsibilities for the remaining data collecting andorganizing.
A meeting with the Brazilian CIDA consultant were realized, with both the Brazilian andCanadian Coordinators participating and discussing aspects related to the implementation of theproject
Wednesday, May 5The team visited the Pilot Project 1 area with all the technical staff involved in theimplementation of the priority actions, and discussed in loco some of the alternatives and details.
Thursday, May 6The whole day was dedicated to discussing issues related to Land Use and the data alreadycollected and organized. A presentation was made by the Canadians about the first steps for theestablishment of a framework including land use issues in the CBWM plan.Friday, May 7The day was dedicated to the evaluative discussion of the project achievements to date as well as thenext phases expectations and possibilities by the co-ordination committee. Options were discussed interms of training workshops and events in Vancouver and Santo André, and ways to disseminate the
Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre 37
project within the WPA resident community inclusive with the creationof a Project Resource Centerin the area of the Pilot Project 1.
Saturday, May 8During the Saturday, visits to the several uopgrading favela projects in the metropolitan area of SaoPaulo were realizedpermitting the in loco discussions of upgrading approaches and results. Thesevisits were also chaired by the University of São Paulo Architecture School team for UpgradingPrograms.
38 Annex 2
ANNEX 5
Agenda of the Workshop
MANANCIAIS E URBANIZAÇÃO: HÁ SUSTENTABILIDADE NISSO?