conjoint approach to water & sanitation in the state of...
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Conjoint Approach to Water & Sanitation
in the State of Uttarakhand
Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director
Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project,
Department of Drinking Water,
Government of Uttarakhand
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Name of session: Breakout Session 1
Title of presentation: Case Study: Conjoint Approach to
Water & Sanitation in the State of Uttarakhand
Name of presenter with organisation details:
Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director,
Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project,
Department of Drinking Water, Govt. of Uttarakhand
email ID : [email protected]
Overview
Sanitation Coverage
29 3236
4147
55
65
75
8592
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
%
The above % is on the basis of 2001 Census
Integrated delivery of RWSS w.e.f. 2006-2007
Trend of NGP Award
13
122
282
418
462
525
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Nu
mb
ers
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Challenges for scaling up: Reaching the Unreached
Dependency on public water supply systems
Inhospitable terrain; Scattered population ; Not enough land
Frequent land slides ; Short working season. ; Weak capacity of GPs
Key Factors for Success:
Decentralized institutional arrangement
Integrated Approach to Water Supply & Sanitation
Intensive IEC campaign
Community involvement at all stages
Use of NGO to strengthen the capacity of the GP
Capacity building at all level in view of the changing roles and
responsibilities induced by the decentralized process
Summary
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Discussion Points 1. Decentralized institutional arrangement:
The sanitation strategy is strictly premised on the
principle of ‘subsidiarity’.
The habitation is the focal point for all activities rather
than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat.
PRIs and local communities plan, procure, construct,
operate and maintain RWSS facilities
Users Water & Sanitation Sub Committee is the
primary management unit exercising control over
resources & decision making.
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2. Integrated Approach to Water Supply & Sanitation
The water supply schemes are integrated with
household and village environmental sanitation
programs, solid waste management, and health and
hygiene awareness promotion programs for maximizing
the health benefits to the rural communities.
Availability of water at the village level, reliable and
functioning water supply system is a key for sustainable
usage of sanitation facilities.
Discussion Points
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Discussion Points
3. Intensive IEC
Intensive IEC for awareness creation and demand
generation for sanitation facilities.
Motivating communities & GPs promoting sustainable
sanitation facilities through awareness and healthy
education.
Focus on women stakeholders.
Use of participatory tools
General messages and information on disease
transmission.
Fear of attack from wild animals/potential molestations
are important triggers for demand generation.
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4. Use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Tools
PRA process is used to help rural communities to organize
their knowledge, identify and prioritize local development
needs, and develop along term action plans.
The advantage of PRA includes;
full participation of communities right from the start,
plans reflect a field reality,
establishment of good working relationships and
communication lines between authorities and the
community.
Discussion Points
Healthy Home Survey
A set of self monitoring tools developed and used by the community to monitor its own sanitation status develop follow up action plan on areas needing attention. The steps include: -
Developing the indicators in three groups personal hygiene, domestic hygiene and environmental sanitation.
Data collection through secret balloting, survey of houses and village area.
Discussion of the results in a community wide meeting.
Based on above preparing action plan for the next quarter and setting targets for achievement.
Healthy Home Survey
Monitoring and performance tracking
The online Sector Information System (SIS) has helped in timely analysis and aggregation of data at various level to track progress, process quality and sustainability.
This system has led to reduction and time and efforts made in generating various information required at various levels.
This has also led to transparency in the implementation of the RWSS.
The URL http://swajalsis.uk.gov.in is in public domain and can be viewed by any one without password.
The SIS has helped in tracking the progress of each and every aspect of RWSS scheme at any point of time leading to good example of good governance
Monitoring and performance tracking
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Challenges for scaling up:
Non availability of water supply in remotely located
habitations.
Thin population density per Sq/Km.
Inhospitable terrain;
Short working season due to frequent landslides;
Temperature below freezing point in high mountain
areas during winter and
Weak capacity of GPs.
Weak financial & technical capacity of contractors for
execution of turn key works.
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The project is strictly premised on the principle of ‘subsidiarity’
viz., that a particular decision/activity is made/ takes place at the
lowest most appropriate level.
Accordingly, the habitation is the focal point for planning,
implementation, operation & maintenance of the water supply
scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat (GP).
UWSSCs is the primary management units exercising control
over resources & decision making.
The project makes extensive use of existing government systems
for funds flow, financial control & financial reporting.
The state has transferred the control of ‘funds, functions and
functionaries’ down to the lowest rung of the local governance
infrastructure - Gram Panchayats - transforming the way rural
water supply infrastructure is created and managed in the state.
Key Success Factors
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Key Success Factors Dedicated team of motivators and volunteers
Integrated delivery of water supply services: The water supply
schemes are integrated with catchment area programs,
household and village environmental sanitation programs,
solid waste management and health and hygiene awareness
promotion programs, in order to maximize water supply and
health benefits to the communities.
Implementation in integrated manner through coordination of
concerned line departments like ICDS, Health, Rural
Development, Panchayati Raj, Watershed, Education, Jal
Nigam, Jal Sansthan and Ajeevika Pariyojana.
Effective communication with the communities one of the
single biggest reason for scaling up
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Habitation as unit of planning: The habitation is the focal point for planning, implementation, operation & maintenance of the water supply scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat (GP).
Capacity building of all stakeholders: Special training programs have been developed and implemented through the local training institutions to sensitize the state, district and village stakeholders and functionaries regarding the sanitation program
Information, Education, and Communications (IEC): IEC activities through workshops, cross-visits, competitions, IEC stalls, TV programs, etc. A couple of short documentary films have been prepared on the good practices currently being implemented under the project. A quarterly newsletter- ‘Swajal Samachar’ is regularly published for dissemination of project philosophies and principles as well as experience sharing and lessons learnt.
Key Success Factors
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Management of communities expectations through
negotiation and communication for achieving sustainable
sanitation goals.
Leaderships are vital. This needs to be carefully nurtured,
especially at local level.
Investment in addressing changes from early childhood,
especially through Aganwadi and schools are effective, but
require quality inputs in both software and hardware.
Legislation & regulations are needed to ensure that the costs
of community water supply and sanitation are recovered
from all water source users.
Recognition that mere construction of toilets does not
guarantee usage nor results in improved hygiene &
sanitation.
Recommendations for Next steps/what should be done
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Dissemination of success stories through exposure visits.
Communication management should be planned to
communicate most effectively and efficiently with village
specific communities
Use of a flexible interpersonal style suiting to audience.
Political and cultural awareness. The skillful use of politics
can help in scaling up.
Decentralized delivery of RWSS is need of the hour.
Emphasizing sanitation as an economic stimulus.
Involving and activating of PRIs in sanitation campaigns
Provision of bathing facility with a toilet encourages women
in particular and is a significant trigger for better sanitation
outcomes.
Meaningful collaboration with NGOs for capacity building
and community mobilization.
Recommendations for Next steps
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IHHL, School & Community Toilets
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Solid Liquid Waste Management
