CONTENT

Introduction

1 Lexical-semantic group words

1.1The concept of the semantic field

1.2 Terminology Group

2 Professional terminology of the semantic field of education

2.1 The conceptual and terminological analysis method of normative

documents in the field of education

2.2 On the relations of classes of terminological units and professional

Conclusion

References

1 Lexical-semantic group words

1.1The concept of the semantic field

" The lexical- semantic field - the concept is very capacious. It crossed the main problems of lexicology - the problem of synonyms, antonyms , polysemy , the problem of the relation words and concepts . The tasks associated with semantic fields in the lexicon , enables a new cover these problems . "The idea for the study of vocabulary semantic ( conceptual ) associated fields in linguistics named J. Trier , although the term in linguistics was first used by G. Ipsen, who defined the field as a collection of words that have a common value . Under the conceptual semantic field J. Trier understands the first structure of a sphere or a specific range of concepts. Conceptual field corresponds to the language of the lexical field , which is singled out from the vocabulary of being correlated with any conceptual field.In the semantic theory of Trier supposed parallelism between the plan conceptual content that is presented conceptual ( semantic ) field , and the plan of linguistic expression , represented by word field. First of all , J. Trier interested in what can be taken as the basis for singling out a particular set of words from the general lexicon. Such a criterion , as it seemed , could be the presence of common values in this group of words. However, the term " semantic field " for Trier is a metaphor , but a metaphor for which there is a certain way of his analysis.By the close of the concept J. Trier concept of verbal fields J. Weisgerber , who believes the word is not an independent unit , and its purely relational structural component . Language ( verbal ) Weisgerber field divides into single and multi-layered . The division of single-layer ( one-dimensional ) fields due to a single point of view , is based on a uniform sign aspect. The division of the same multi-layer ( multi-dimensional ) fields based on different points of view, but this generates a reference "nuclear " value .For I. Trier and J. Weisgerber typical interpretation of the semantic field as the paradigmatic categories .Along with the interpretation of the field as a paradigmatic phenomena appear operation in which fields are treated as syntactic complexes . Syntactic approach associated with the name of Portsiga who coined the term " syntactic field." Syntax ( syntagmatic ) fields are the phrases and other syntactic unit as a manifestation of semantic interoperability of its components.The syntax of the field - a kind of relation between the verb and the noun denoting the subject of the action or state , the instrument or object of the action , the relationship between adjectives and nouns. The most typical examples of V. Portsiga following : go - foot , see - eye missed - a hand to hear - ear licking "language , blossom - a plant light - hair, bark - dog laughing - the horse , etc.The concept of the semantic field of a large audience , a number of case studies is growing in field theory are introduced additions and clarifications . Field theory is increasingly associated with a particular classification system of the vocabulary of which is divided into ordered in relation to each other both large and small groups .

The concept of semantic field , later in this paper refers to the basic concepts of modern lexical semantics. This definition contains all of the major problems of lexical semantics and defines their consideration from the perspective of systemic approach. In the description field of the relationship between the different types of words are analyzed not in isolation but in the general system of lexical- semantic relations .However, the semantic field of the unit remains the least studied vocabulary. So far in linguistics are not defined strict boundaries of the term of the semantic field . They are often referred to different associations of words. In many studies, the volume of the field concept is vague or broad , on the contrary , is very narrow. There is no uniformity in the use of terms ." The semantic field - a set of semantic units having a fixed similarity in some semantic layer and the related specific semantic relations . For signifying layer mentioned similarity is interpreted as a link to some ( the same ), a set of concepts for the denotative layer - as a link to the same set of objects in the outside world, for expressive layer - as a link to the same set of conditions of speech communication for syntactic layer - as a link to the same set of syntactic relations between the parts of speech segments. Thus , every semantic layer include semantic field. Can be seen in association semantic fields and arch units (for example, for the dismemberment of significative - denotative units) . "The semantic field is a large systemic- structural unit of the lexical- semantic system of the language, it brings together not only the individual language elements (single token , lexical- semantic variants ) based on the total integral criterion , but also the different lexical paradigm of different levels and volume, so each unit field appears in it throughout the paradigmatic complex.The semantic field , like any other system , based on its structure . Traditionally, the structure is defined as " relatively stable unity of elements, their relationships and the integrity of the property ; invariant aspect of the system ".The application of this concept makes it possible to divide the space into homogeneous linguistic components, each of which consists of a set of closely interrelated and interacting units.The semantic field as a special language system has a complex linguistic structure. The structural framework of the field formed by the totality of all the paradigmatic groups. Paradigmatic relations may be very diverse in nature and can be represented by various classes of lexical items that are identical for some semantic features. Paradigmatic relations differ by no one linear, since one and the same word may belong simultaneously to different lexical- semantic paradigm , that is, in different series , in which the words are opposed to each other in any particular semantic features .So , YM Guard wrote about the need to "share the vocabulary of the different areas in the semantic fields (for example, the" joy ") , lexical- semantic groups (for example , a group of words meaning " change "), focus groups (eg," the name of the birds "), synonymous series ( for example, with a number of invariant meaning " brave "), onomasiological group (for example , the expression of the concept of "time" nouns in Russian).

IV Sentenberg notes that in the lexical- semantic system of language singled out the following main types of lexical-semantic paradigms that are in the hierarchy of semantic relations : 1 - lexical- semantic fields , 2 - lexical- semantic groups , 3 - themed series ( lexical- semantic groups) ; 4 - multiple words , synonyms series antonymous series conversives .According to E. Coseriu " semantic ( verbal ), the field is structurally the lexical paradigm that occurs when the segmentation of lexical- semantic continuum at different intervals corresponding to individual words of language. These segments word directly opposed to each other on the basis of simple meaning- signs . "  In the works of Novikov find the following definition: The semantic field - " hierarchical structure of the set of lexical units, united by a common ( invariant ) value and reflect the specific language in the conceptual sphere ."Below the mean - a set of linguistic ( lexical ) units, united by the same content (sometimes also a community of formal parameters) and reflecting the conceptual , substantive or functional similarity of designated events "( Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary.The concept of "field" is specified , GS Schurom that defines it as "a way of being and linguistic groupings of elements that have common ( invariant ) properties."The most important integral component of the lexical- semantic fields are lexical- semantic groups of words. It can be assumed that the areas of semantic fields - is the lexical- semantic groups , that is, the semantic field - a generic term in relation to the lexical- semantic group . LM Vasilyev , believes that " the term lexical- semantic group can designate any semantic class of words ( tokens ) combined at least one common lexical paradigmatic Sema , or at least one common semantic factor ."This correlation is based on the fact that the meanings of words, united by the same lexical- semantic group , there is one that is common to all semantic feature , which links the word.Lexical- semanticheskme groups are identified on the basis of semantic features - identifying Seme is regularly repeated in all the lexical units and class specific , differentiating these things, stand in opposition to this token to the micro structure of the other tokens . The main feature of the words of one paradigmatic Lexical semanticheskme group is that their values of a single categorical lexical sem . This is a semantic basis sema group and every single word specified by differential sem. For example, within the meaning of the verb tan - " treat the skin by soaking in special solutions " can be distinguished categorical lexical these things "processing" and differential semes , " a special object" ( the skin) , "a way of processing ( soaking ) , the" means "( solution) .A very important feature of a group of words is that the differential Seme categorical clarifying these things , they are the same type , repetitive " categorical sema suggests " sets " not all , but some specific aspects of their refinement. Within these aspects formed the typical differential Seme . In this regard, each lexical- semanticheskme set of differential seed is peculiar. Since categorical sema " movement" in the relevant verbs specified in the following aspects : a "direction

", " moving means " the "environment movement ", " moving parties ", " intensity" , and others. The presence of similar , repeating this and do all the words within a group of related specific oppositions . The totality of all the opposition paradigmatic relations forms the inner structure of these groups ' structure is hierarchical in nature , " as all the elements of the group - the words - Privativny associated with base , bearing the words .The value of the basic unit of the group is very general , very meaningful character. In it, besides categorical Seme represented no more than one or two distinctive features . For example, in the seventeenth structure of the verb to take ( to take) , in addition to grammatical and lexical and grammatical these things, there is a categorical sema goal of an action , " the communion of the object " and differential sema " by hand." Hierarchical chains Privativny related words do not end , they included more specific and specialized notation action initiation . Average : take - get - mine - belkovat ; take - to adopt , take - take - extract - draw , take - hire - charter etc. These chains of words serially connected privative oppositions give the internal structure of the lexical- semantic groups of words form a multilevel hierarchical system.In terms of lexical- semanticheskme are two types of logical relationships : equipollent and privative opposition. In privative oppositions expressed by the relation of inclusion when specific Sema registered only one member of the opposition to "speak " - " lie ", " + speak lies." For equipollent oppositions characterized relations crossing , crossing the " lie " - " + a lie to say ," witty " talk + acuity ."An important link in the description of lexical material are thematic groups of words. The basis for the allocation of these microsystems are extra-linguistic factors . AA Ufimtseva notes that "the study of such groups is limited to a kind of inventory of the type of " white goods "," body part "," kinds of clothes "," construction ", etc. and even does not attempt to reveal the internal semantic relations of words . "Vocabulary of a language is the language directly reflects reality , manifested in the dictionary not only the linguistic factors , caused the ratio of tokens to each other, but also outside the linguistic terms that specify the content and function words. Since every language "in their own " highlights and groups the phenomena of reality , to that extent , " extralinguistic " moments largely are closely intertwined with the " proper language " and an isolated consideration of the latter is essentially impossible .Thematic classification amenable mostly nouns . In the meaning of specific nouns prevails denotative content correlates with objects of the material world ( ascribed to them a sign of " materiality " - Bogdanov , 1977). Therefore, the basis for the classification and description of specific nouns is the relatedness of words in a particular subject area, subject field , ie extra-linguistic factors . The values of specific nouns are relatively autonomous , independent of other members of the class of tokens. According to FP Sorokoletova , " the complexity of the nature of the lexical meaning of words determines the possibility of combining both extralinguistic manner that reflects the values of communication with the outside

world , and on a purely linguistic , which are based on intralanguage communication ."As pointed out by LM Vasiliev , with thematic ( denotative ) description of the material " is taken into account , first of all , the natural ontological division of objects , features, properties , activities, processes , events, states , reflected in the structure of language . This is the most traditional principle . That it is based allocation of such semantic classes of words as names of animals, birds, plants , berries , mushrooms, etc. , kinship terms , various crafts , rituals and the like . "Thematic Group - an association of tokens indicating a substantive nature . Allocation of these groups is based on the extra-linguistic criteria , therefore , as a rule , the members of such series may not be common semantic features . FP Owl rightly points to the " neutral" or "zero" connection between the words belonging to the thematic group.Most often, in the case of generic groups are realized due denotations , such as furniture - wardrobe, desk , chair. Between generic and specific concepts exist inclusive relationship , ie, the inclusion relation . The value for the members of the Theme Group implicitly contains two semantic features: a synthesis that integrates , for example, "furniture" and differentiating , which separates one copy member of a number of other (cabinet , table ) .Elements of the thematic groups can be linked as a whole and its parts . Wed : face - cheeks , chin, eyes and lips. Often, as the integrating component value is a function of the total members of the Theme Group . For example, the noun "house ", " flat ", " hut ", " cottage " are united by common feature - they stand for human dwelling . In such cases, one can speak of functional groups as a special kind of thematic groups. The thematic groups can be attributed situational series of words that relate to the concept of the situation and the mean time, place, circumstances , participants, relations between them, etc. Versatile and comprehensive characteristics of paradigmatic groups provides DN Shmeliov . He notes , first, that "the paradigmatic relations between words depends on the relations existing between the objects themselves to reality. As a reflection of the grouping of the objects themselves , really like the combination of words reveal , however, a number of features that are determined by the properties of a particular language . " Secondly , in his opinion, "the paradigmatic relations in the vocabulary not only require multiple , but not single-line . Many words can simultaneously belong to multiple lexical- semantic paradigm : each essential element of the lexical meaning ( semantic feature ) , and therefore stands out as a significant part of the value that is caused by certain - the paradigmatic opposition to the word of some other word or several words. "In the works of DN Shmelev also points to the fact of heterogeneity sets of tokens. According to him, a group of words allocated on the basis of objective- logical community , in many cases, and are characterized by some common for them to own linguistic signs , in other words , many thematic groups of words are at a closer look , and also lexical- semantic groups . DN Shmeliov emphasizes that " extralinguistic " moments largely are closely intertwined with the " proper language " and an isolated consideration of the past and not on the merits . "

D. Shmeliov rightly observes that grammatical word classes are not the same type in terms of the possibility of their system of classification. Thus, the verb lexicon, which because of its categorical values indicates a situation characterized by the highest number of actual linguistic performance. Contact of the concrete nouns with each other to the greatest extent reflect exactly extralinguistic communication , i.e. ties are due to real objects designated by them themselves . Apparently, only taking into account all relationships that exist in the vocabulary of the language will appreciate the true nature of certain indicators , as well as the characteristics of the organization of different groups of words.Isolation of the thematic groups is dependent primarily on the objectives of the study : groups can be wider and narrower , the same word may fall into different groups depending on the criteria that will be the basis for allocation of thematic groups , the choice of the same criterion is not given in the lexical material , but depends largely on the subjective will of the researcher.The question of what is a semantic field identifier is controversial. There are two main approaches to the allocation of semantic fields in the lexicon : the first , a logical approach in the study of the field is based on the concept of the second , linguistic - of language. Logical (conceptual ) approach involves analyzing the structure of a particular conceptual sphere, which corresponds to the verbal field (I. Trier) . When linguistic approach semantic fields marked not by conceptual , and on the basis of language . At the same semantic field is interpreted as a set of words that are in dangling bonds through their lexical meanings that go in a different historical period. The words constituting such associations are, or paradigmatic or syntagmatic ( syntactic ) relations. The task of research in this area is to determine the nature of the semantic relationships between words of the field , their separation and isolation of those who are subject to further analysis .It appears that the structure of the semantic field are recognized language and conceptual aspects . Unlikely to be useful to contrast sharply lexical- semantic and conceptual elements in the field. The main purpose of the semantic field, its main function is , above all, in the adequate language displaying a certain area actually outlined by the name of the field ( its conceptual content ) and concretized with the maximum fullness of its elements. The semantic field , thus appears to be associated with the world of reality through words that make it up .The ratio of words to reality , in turn, through its denotative and significative values denotation class calls the realities designated word significatum indicates the most significant signs of homogeneous reality.Moving in the description of vocabulary through the field to the linguistic concept , we are on the way of generalization of individual values , we obtain a set of basic concepts that define the division of the lexical structure of the language. These basic concepts can be seen as a semantic component that can be used to describe the content side of the dictionary.Conceptual categories explicated at different linguistic levels . Therefore, different ways of expressing them : this lexical means , and word-formation , and morphological, and syntactic aspects , which combine on the basis of common functional purpose , are functional and semantic field (see the works Bondarko ) .

The main conceptual categories that are reflected in the language, refer the action , condition , quantity, time , locality , etc. The basis of many functional- semantic fields ( categories) are lexical resources , which are combined in the lexical- semantic field. It is no coincidence in the recent years in the analysis of the semantic fields of the principle of functionality. Another GS Schur expresses the idea of the functional basis of semantic fields . On the interaction of functional- semantic and lexical- semantic fields also writes IV Sentenberg , stressing that the functional- semantic category is expressed at the lexical level.The basis of the lexical and semantic fields of space- conceptual categories : action, movement , status, perception , modality . The structure of the field created by a multi-stage , multiple and successive division , resulting in a type of paradigm delaminate over FGC , paradigms such as lexical- semantic field , a type of OOP paradigm , the paradigm of the small number of types of synonymous and paradigmatic pair or binomials . Since the conceptual category is associated with various aspects of practical human activity , the structure of the fields - the concept of a complex , multi-dimensional and heterogeneous . Thus, the lexical - semantic field of action due to the multi-dimensionality and various aspects of cognitive activity - specific types of operations ( creation, destruction , alteration, movement of the object , etc.) , an instrument of action, subject , object, validity conditions , evaluation , etc. . Functional- semantic field of space involves the specification of the general idea of the general concept in several respects - event-driven , landscape , parametric . In the systemic organization of the semantic field play an important role examined.Wordbilding categories nests , which are the building blocks of semantic fields .The problem of structuring the lexical- semantic field is very complex, as paradigmatic of not a single-line and multi-stage. Paradigmatic relations between words depends on the relations existing between the phenomena of reality. Extralinguistic conditioning relations evident in the so -called specific vocabulary provided by associations of words like furniture , body parts , vehicles , locations , etc. They reflect the grouping of objects in reality. Another type of lexical- semantic paradigm arises in the dismemberment of the value of its specialization in one direction . Average : move, run, walk , trudge , trudge , etc. In the systemic organization of the semantic field play an important role derivational nests - the root word of community . Semantic commonality of related words in them expresses the root ( the original , the root word ) . It also acts as a carrier for the total of all the words of the field of semantic component. Word-building nests - the building blocks of semantic fields .PN Denisov stressed that there are a number of terms that indicate the number of dimensions of the semantic space of language or by the axes of the coordinate system that allowed for the orderly presentation of different aspects of the lexical system . According to him, the subsystems of vocabulary are the first major division of the classification grid ideographic dictionaries: "The Man" , "The Universe " and the first " floor" of these sub-systems: "The sky and celestial bodies ", "Earth ", " flora ", " Animal the world. " Lower " floor" of the division can be seen as analogues of semantic fields , for example , the subsystem "The sky and

celestial bodies " is divided into two broad united , located in the clutches of semantic fields : (I) the heavens and the celestial bodies , and 2) the weather and winds that , in turn, are divided into semantic fields of varying difficulty : I) the sky , and 2) the heavenly bodies , and 3 ) weather 4) winds . The author points to the possibility of coupling semantic fields in larger units and their division into the micro , while stressing that the precise terminology is not yet established .The initial unit determines underlying semantic field , determines the semantic derivation of the word-formation and its elements , the direction of the field deployment of the initial token , its composition of parts of speech . It is also necessary to consider the role of parts of speech characteristics of the lexical- semantic units of the field and its main word .Dominant in the field of the structure organizes this title element which generates lexical semantic contours semantic paradigm in which all paradigm ideally can be minimized.One key feature of the structure is its semantic integrity field which " provides , in particular, that the low level unit can be represented as a limiting case of a unit of higher level" , i.e. the relationship hierarchy suggesting occurrence ratio less complex units in a more complicated . The division of the semantic field in the lexical- semantic groups, classes of words - is the highest level of the hierarchy , but not the only one. Each lexical- semantic group also has its own distinct structure . The elements of the structure of the lexical- semantic groups are lexical- semantic variants , the combined ratios synonyms, antonyms , etc. Translations Integrating Sema in each group , in addition to archesemes field stands invariant sem, giving the name of the group. A set of differential seed is different for each group , it is the specific distinctive features that distinguish one lexical- semanticheskme group from another. In a similar circumstance explains the heterogeneity of the semantic field as its inherent property , which manifests itself in the presence of the field of nuclear and peripheral areas . As the core and the periphery of the field consists of a set of group formations and unit elements , lexical- semantic variants .The lexical- semantic field as a special unit has a complex system- and a very unique structure , the constituent elements of which are connected to each other paradigmatic relations . Analyzed the lexical field locality multidimensional, complex . The organization of lexical- semantic field are ordered classes , lexical paradigm of different types, structuring semantic field vertically and horizontally. The core of the lexical fields as its semantic dominant forms a lexical unit that expresses the total value of the invariant . One key feature of the structure of the lexical- semantic field is its integrity, which is provided by the relationship , suggesting the occurrence of less complex units into more complex . The center-field locality is valued word "place" . In the semantic structure of the synthesis of speech reflects the whole spectrum of the concept of space.1. " Space , the Earth's land surface" ( a familiar place , locality , region);2 . " Space , the place where anything is , there is a " (the residence ) ;3 . " Space , space , period, intended serving for some activity " (workplace ) ;

4 . " Province, peripherals and peripheral organizations , institutions ( as opposed to the center) " ( delegates from the floor ) ;5 . " The space occupied by a body, as well as the free space that can be occupied by someone , or something else " ( to free space on the desk for books ) ;6. " A certain space , a designated intended for what - . usually occupied by someone or someone - than - or "( the keys hanging on the spot) ;7. ' Separate part of an object "( the point of impact ) ;8. "Part of an excerpt of music or literary work of any text " (the best place in the novel ) ;9. " Post office" (get a new place ) .The main ( central ) values are the first four words of LSV "place" that form the core of the field locativity . At the first level division of the lexical- semantic field of the locality are three dimensional functional areas , which are the konkretizatorami words " space" - "unlimited length ( in all dimensions, directions) " - air, sea , world space , "territory " - " space with definitions, boundaries , space land, inland and coastal waters, including the air space above them , with boundaries defined by membership in the state, of any administrative area "," plant "( artifacts ) - " that which is erected , constructed . "Thus , the notion of lexical- semantic field , as we see, quite thoroughly developed in the linguistic science.

1.2 Terminology Group

The term (Latin terminus « boundary , limit , end ") - is a special word or phrase , taken in a specific professional field and are used in special circumstances. The term is a verbal designation of the concepts included in the system in terms of domain expertise. Terminology ( as a set of terms ) is an autonomous sector of any national language , closely related to the professional activities . The terms of each branch of science , technology, and form their own production system defined in the first place , the conceptual connections of professional knowledge in an effort to express these relations by means of language . [1 ]The terms - words special , limited its special purpose , words seeking to be unique as an accurate expression of concepts and naming things. This is necessary in science, technology , politics and diplomacy.The term is a member of a certain terminological system pertaining to a particular field of science, technology and production . Each term has its precise scientific definition of a number of other terms in the same field. The terms , in contrast to the " common usage " of words within their field are usually ambiguous terminology , the same word can be a term of different areas of knowledge , but it is not polysemy and homonymy ( cf. term surge in hydraulics, electrical engineering and optics ) . Terms opposed to the general lexicon as in the sense that they are associated with a specific scientific concept : in the term reflected the results of scientific research and its theoretical understanding . The term can also become an artificial word . [2 ]

The terms do not exist in a language, and in the specific terminology. If a common language (regardless of the terminology) the word may be multi-valued , then getting to a certain terminology , it becomes unambiguous . The term does not require herein as ordinary word as it 1) a certain terminology member that acts instead context 2) may be used in isolation, eg in lyrics registers or demands in the art , 3) which should be unique and not at all in English , and within this terminology .Terminology - a set of terms specific industry knowledge or production, as well as teaching about education, composition and functioning of terms. [4 ]The subject of the general theory of terminology are : the study of the formation and use of special words by which accumulated and transferred the accumulated human knowledge , improvement of existing terminology systems , search for the best ways to create new terms and their systems , search for universal features inherent in the terminology of the different areas of knowledge .With the accelerated development of any field of science or technology begins active reflection of her achievements by the media , the transition of certain terms of the special use in general . In this case, the terms lose their scientific accuracy , expand the scope of its use. Is their determinologization . In a special use, taking the appropriate place in the system , the terms are themselves. In general use pass their " twins " are homonyms , not having the necessary systemic and scientific accuracy . They become the buzz words , acquire stylistic possibilities , emotionality . These buzz words - terms in 1940-1950 's were an atom and its derivatives, in the 1960s, satellite, in the 1970 lunar rover . Introduced their portable use : atomchiki "little children " nuclear scientists " policy , threatening nuclear war" were called Lunokhod man , barely standing on his feet. [5 ]The same term can belong to multiple terms of this language, which is a terminological Interscience homonyms , for example, reaction 1) in chemistry, 2) in physiology, 3) in politics; reduction 1) in philosophy, 2) in law, 3 ) in phonetics ; assimilation 1) in ethnography , 2 ) in phonetics , etc.For linguists is very important to understand that the term speech , found in the terminology of the various sciences are not the same thing - this is a typical Interscience homonym 1 ) linguistics , 2 ) psychological , 3 ) Physiology , 4 ) medicine, not to mention such values , as "speech prosecutor ", " speech at the solemn act of the rector ," " incoherence criminal" , "I hear it's not a boy, but her husband " ( Pushkin) , etc. [4 ]Good terms should be " bounded away " from the polysemy of expressiveness , and thus the usual neterminologicheskih words that just for the most ambiguous and expressive.Between the terms and not the terms of a constant exchange : the words of a common language , losing some of its properties are terms ( without ceasing to be the facts of a common language : boot in the drill , front sight on the barrel of a gun , winch in a port or such technical terms derived from the names of body parts as the shoulder , knee, foot , finger, neck , jaw , trunk, tusk , etc.) and , on the contrary , the terms are included in a common language ( sniff , follow, hound - a hunting terminology land - from aviation ; podressorivat , put a brake , close the

ash-pit - the transport of technical terminology , the terms may even get special idiomatic expressions ironed - the terminology of tailors , to cut a nut or a knot or hitch - from carpentry terminology fold - from gamblers terminology , etc.) [5 ]Among the terms are words that exist only as the terms and within the same terminology (nozzle , cupola , vector, resection, uvula , metathesis , etc.), there are those that are there , too, just like the terms , but are involved in the different terminologies ( operation , assimilation, progressive, regressive , prosthesis , etc.) happen ( that often ), and such that are used and how the terms and neterminologicheskie as ordinary words , such as differences in the literal and figurative ( metaphorical ) values: fly - " little fly " fly - as the term small business (" keep the fly on the bottom line of the target "), fly - as a term of theatrical make-up artists and hairdressers (" put the fly on the left cheek ") or less and provided more specialized meanings: road - a word of common language and the road - as a term of engineering and road works and the land - as a common word as a term and geology etc.Differ in terminology - naturally existing set of terms of specific areas of knowledge or their fragments and terminological ordered terminology with fixed relationships between terms that reflect the relationship between these terms is called concepts.Terminology each area of knowledge is limited to a certain volume terms, as verbal system reflects its basic concepts. On the recommendation of the International Commission of Terminology and scope of terminology collections should not be "much more than the number of terms in the 100 ."Problems of terminology by specialized state committees , commissions , institutions , and other organizations .Since the terminology - is ideally strict and "smart ", ie relying on a purely intellectual side of the word, part of the lexicon , the expression is alien to her . So, for example , the following words , terms like roller boot , fist, tongue , fly , bow , etc. ( enclosing a diminutive suffixes that help to create a common language expressive word ), " delimited " from the diminutive expression and their neumenshitelnyh (since no terms of boots , fist , tongue , fly , arc, and the shaft and the shaft that do not form pair , which is in the nose - the nose , the ball - a ball , a garden - a garden , a cat - cat , etc.). [7 ]For example, a gear as domestic word - " six horses in harness " has a doublet of six, but the gear as a technical term that loses a synonym ; cone geometry of the term can not be synonymous with the clutch , while the automotive terminology outdated cone is just a synonym for a new and more correct term adhesion ( "squeeze cone" - "squeeze grip "). Heat in a common language is the opposite of the cold, but the heat of the term - " embers " in blacksmithing has no antonym .There is one quality that is essential for the terms. This is their internationalism . Just in the area of politics, science , technology is usually only carried out international relations , and therefore the question of understanding of people of different nations and languages here is very important. Not to mention the international congresses and conferences , we can restrict at least the question of reading the literature , common terminology , and even at different phonetic and

grammatical terms in the design of each particular language , gives a prerequisite understanding of the business while reading a book in a given specialty , at least and written in a language unknown to the reader . [2 ]The terminology generally refers to a system of scientific concepts. You can give a definition of the terminology : a set of names, words and phrases used for precise and unambiguous notation of scientific concepts in the system of concepts of the science , industry, technology and production .

Terms shall have the following qualities : to be precise and unambiguous.

If the majority of ordinary language words peculiar ambiguity ( polysemy ), the terminological systems seek to ensure that one signifier ( word or phrase ) corresponded to only one signified (object, concept) . If obscheliteraturnogo language synonyms (words with a different sound, but with the same or very similar meaning) and homonyms (words sounding the same , but with different values ) is quite normal , normal , in terms of synonyms and homonyms are trying to get rid of.

Terminology , unlike other reservoirs vocabulary is largely a subject of constant systematic regulation. At different levels of industry (special committee of the ministries and agencies) , national and international - much work to streamline , harmonize and standardize even separate branch systems terms. In the past ( in the USSR ) for many years was active Committee of scientific and technical terminology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , were special terminological commission existed nomenclature committee governing the naming of objects , installations and systems.

The terminology is in constant motion : something in it dies , will expire life cycle terms, concepts , definitions. They fell out of use , are eliminated along with the century old-fashioned , outdated or made non-scientific concepts. Such, for example, have been in the history of science , the terms " chrematistics ", " political economy" and hundreds of others. Many of the " old" long-known terms such as "the economy " are filled with brand-new scientific content . This change in the content of the concept sometimes becomes quite a relief , if we compare the etymology of the word, ie its literal meaning inherent in the word at the beginning of its appearance in the language, with modern understanding .

Typically, experts use a working definition of the term , which is usually incomplete, but reflect its essential properties, for example , the definition of G. Distiller : " In the role of the term can act every word ... the term - it's not a special word , and the word of special functions, the functions of a special concept names , the names of the special object or phenomenon ". [2 ]In the definitions of the term is most often revealed a significant feature (for example, correlation with the scientific concept , system , etc.). "The term - the most informative unit of natural language.

The term - the exact carrier of information on scientific concepts. "There are three main views on the function of the term : nominative , definitive , ie presence of the term of strict and precise definition , nominative and definitive . VV Vinogradov wrote : "The word takes nominative or definitive function, ie or a means to indicate clearly , and then it is - a simple sign, or a means of logical definition , then it is - a scientific term . " " Sometimes it is said that the term refers to , is , and even expresses reflects the concept , which implies that the term is attributed to the nominative , significative , expressive , and even the reflective function ." Most legitimate point of view it seems KA Levkovskaya : "Among the specific content words words in the meaning and use of the terms are as they are , along with the nominative function ( refer to those or other representations) , and performed in other words, language, stand still , and its definitive function ( defining the relevant concepts) " . It is interesting to note that only in terms possible to combine the concepts and lexical meaning , in spite of their differences .We list the most important features of the word - term as opposed to the word - netermina : correlation is not a separate subject , but with the concept , the need for definirovanii , the formation of the individual characteristic of individual scientists concepts , the meaning of correlation with the values of other terms within the relevant terminology of the system; Operating within a certain profession , etc. "It turns out , therefore, that in the word - term to the forefront of its object value , subjective well estimated , or even removed or glossed over ."Traditionally, a good term to meet the following basic requirements , which vary among different authors: uniqueness , accuracy , brevity , consistency , emotionally expressive neutrality , the absence of modal and stylistic features , the indifference to the context , the lack of synonyms and homonyms within the same term system , etc. [ 2]The term is unambiguous , in the opinion of some, allows for ambiguity , in the opinion of others, tends to be unambiguous , in the opinion of third . AA Reformed brings clarification that the uniqueness of the term should be understood within the terminology of the field , ie this terminology . "Consistency, or regularity of the term is understood in different ways: as an entity classification as systemic derivational as systemic doubly term as a member of terminological system , on the one hand, and as an element of the language - on the other. AA Reformed indicates a trend of systematic term.Researchers have denied the stylistic features of a term or allow their limited use . " Emotionally expressive neutrality, unmarked is an indispensable feature of any second term. Emotional and stylistic qualities of becoming only the terms in the " improper conditions and contexts of their use ." "The term is accurate and the cold and the scope for the expression of the term within the terminology vnepolozhena ". [3 ]Traditionally, the terminology believe that the term is indifferent to the context. "The principle of the independence of the term on the context rather that the requirement that the term is always the same understanding of members of one profession to its unambiguous interpretation provided a system of scientific

concepts, not the lexical- semantic system of language." AA Reformatsky considers that the term context is not needed , since it is related to the field of terminology , and supersedes that context. This point of view is acceptable for the perfect term that meets the relevant requirements. To understand the meaning of polysemous terms ( and rare homonyms ) requires neutralizing the context in which it implements only one of its values .The rapid development of science and technology in the twentieth century has led to the rapid development of relevant terminology . There was a need for standardization of terms , as well as in the analysis , management and streamlining terminology various fields of science and technology. [4 ]Streamlining is understood as bringing terminological system in line with the charges against the requirements of the terms . EN Tolikina writes: " Sort - means a consistent and unique conception of science, it can be done not at all her condition ." "All the other features commonly attributed to the terms and terminology in general : the accuracy of the values , uniqueness , consistency , lack of synonyms , etc. - No more than their tendency or desirable qualities , or, finally , the requirements for a "good" rationally constructed terminology. Examples of the lack of systematic , lack of rigor in terms of real values , their multiple meanings , synonyms and homonyms are well known . "At the turn of XX-XXI centuries put forward a new idea, " that in the traditional Terminology linguistic facts have been tampered with requirements posed by the terminology " that one can not speak of the uniqueness of the term or on -one correspondence ( isomorphism ) , " a term - one concept ", not least because that is a basic development concepts and categories ... ".AA Reformed defines the terms " as unambiguous words , devoid of expressiveness ." M. Glushko states that " the term - a word or phrase to express the concepts and notation of subjects having , thanks to his strict and precise definition , crisp semantic boundaries and therefore unambiguous within the classification system." [5 ]What is the linguistic nature of the term ? First, the term - is an integral , organic part of the lexical system language. Secondly , the terms are different from other categories of words for its vast information saturation . In technical terms given to the most accurate , concentrated and economical determination of a scientific or technical concepts.The main requirement to the term - its uniqueness . In obscheterminologicheskom terms of this requirement is implemented in two ways , because there are two types of terms :1) the general scientific and general technical terms , and 2) special ( nomenclature ) terms . General scientific and general technical terms express the general concepts of science and technology. The terms do not exist in a language, and in the specific terminology. Terminology , as a system of scientific terms , is a subsystem within a common lexical system [6 ] .According to the AA Reformatskii , terminology - a system of concepts of the science contained in the corresponding verbal expression . If a common language

(regardless of the terminology) the word may be multi-valued , then getting to a certain terminology , it becomes unambiguous .The specificity of terms as a particular lexical category of words is that they are created in the process of production and research activities and, therefore, operate only with people who have the relevant scientific and industrial realities , that is macrocontext . Therefore, in contrast to ordinary words , the uniqueness of which is provided in a speech communication situation or linguistic context , the uniqueness of the term is regulated by linguistic or extralinguistic macrocontext microcontext . [8 ]The term does not need a context, as a common word , so it is 1) a member of a specific terminology that appears in place of the context , and 2) can be used separately, for example in the texts of registers or orders in engineering , 3) which must be unambiguous and not at all in language, and within this terminology . [7]Within the lexical system terms exhibit the same properties as the other word, that is peculiar to them , antonyms, and idiomatic . For example , the term «valve» in Mechanical Engineering, stands for " valve " in radio " vacuum tube " in hydraulics " gate ", the term «power» in physics means "power" , "energy ", in mathematics - the "degree" , in optics - "the power of the lens magnification ."The same term can belong to multiple terms of this language, which is a terminological Interscience homonyms , for example:reaction 1) in Chemistry, 2) in physiology 3) policy;1 reduction ) in philosophy, 2) in law, 3) in phonetics ;assimilation 1) in ethnography , 2 ) in phonetics .Gradually, the content of scientific knowledge is moving into the signs of our chosen language, saturate and fill them . In the language of the word , the phrase is inseparable from their settings , and here the content of scientific knowledge becomes part of the language of science . Scientific knowledge , which found expression in the word in the term , goes to a qualitatively new stage , including in the semantic system and the structure of a language of science , becoming a component of the lexical- semantic system of the language. [9 ]

2 2.1Currently, regulations in the field of education are not conceptual and terminological examination for compliance with the system of concepts and the corresponding terms used in these documents. In developing the documents little consideration of the relationship between the conceptual and terminological apparatus of pedagogy , the level of development of the field of knowledge and practice . Because of the displacement of the concepts in different parts of the document there is discrepancy in their understanding , that adversely affects the assessment of the actual state of affairs on the practical implementation of the ideas .

One of the reasons for this - lack of well conceived conceptual and terminological apparatus of texts , the lack of consistency in the terminology of the newly created and previously adopted regulations.

In pedagogical literature have been numerous attempts to use formal methods for the analysis of documents. However, these methods have not yielded positive results, and is now almost never used. In the best case, the text is attached glossary which defines key terms used in the document.

Conceptual and terminological method allows for the structuring of texts of regulations and present them in the form of a terminological language in vocational education. This makes it possible to characterize a document in terms of the extent of disclosure of terms expressing the requirements for the education system, the completeness of their set , accuracy, scientific elaboration , unambiguous interpretation, adaptation of borrowed concepts to the education system . Additional structuring of the text, including the identification of groups of borrowed concepts can also be set to have their own interpretation of the concept , or they were used in pure form borrowed , find out the relationship and the relationship between teacher education and socio- economic terms , to determine the necessity and possibility of teaching the interpretation of the socio -economic and other terms used in the text of the document , to distinguish between the ideas contained in the document and their own ideas , interests, likes and dislikes of professionals developers.

The method includes the structuring concepts and terms contained in the documents and their distribution in the blocks in which these terms were used in view of the traditional division of pedagogy and content aspect of the conditions and means of implementing these instruments. Ensuring regulatory document concepts and terminology explanations relied on the general idea of the work completed with scientific texts , taking into account the major structural features of the text to reflect its substantive and composite nature , ie Unbeatable quality official - a business document .

Consider the application of this method for the comparative analysis of such documents as the " National Doctrine of Education ", " The concept of modernization of Russian education for the period up to 2010 ," " Regulations on the Unified Labor School of the RSFSR in 1918 ."

It should be noted that any regulatory document can be viewed as a system of regulatory principles , concretized in the rules of explicitly formulated through a program of action . The text of the official business of the document must be very clear on the content and expression of thought. Ambiguities that reduce clarity and understandability of the text, resulting in its highly specialized terminology glut and complexity of syntax. In all cases, the criterion of clarity and accessibility requires the unambiguous use of conceptual categories and their definitions , when it is assumed lack of knowledge of concepts and terms of the addressee.

The document must comply with the same terms and definitions that are found in different parts of it , to avoid duplication of other laws and contradictions of their original versions of the document, ie some places in the bill, which belong to different legal field (for example, the tax code , labor code , etc.). In addition, as a general rule, any regulatory document in the field of education includes the concepts of economics, sociology , politics, which must also be clarified .

In any regulatory document, the language structures , in which the meaning of the sentences , concepts , terms, affect a variety of associations between used words, semantic nuances of language constructs that intuitively understood the meaning of words and sentences. And then the empirical standards of logical rigor and accuracy of the results as a characteristic of our method , ie, mode of expression of the studied contents depend on the means used.

It is important to take into account the following considerations . The logic of the deployment of the content of normative document for the understanding of its readers is not the same as the logic of the study of this content . In the latter case, we go from the idea of reform pedagogy , and thus from its traditional structure ( its sections ) as a field of scientific knowledge ( theory) and activities , in the first case, according to our problem , we are going to need to submit the results of the study as comments to thematic sections regulation. Such a submission should be accompanied by a reasoned statement as a whole on the normative document and any of its parts or elements .

Our proposed method is not only a method of analysis, but also one of the ways to obtain data for the construction of the system and subsystem -specific concepts and terms of pedagogy , it is a prerequisite to the implementation of regulations in the field of education on the basis of further analysis of the clarity and correctness of their language , as well as bringing in compliance with the stated goals and the means to achieve them . Ultimately , this method allows us to characterize the text of the document in terms of balance or imbalance of the constitutive parts and

goal-setting , as well as the degree of turning to the practice and development of terms expressing the final product changes.

In view of the limited space focus only on the most important categorical terms that characterize the administrative functions in the field of education .

Social management . The education sector in social terms - is primarily a sector of the economy , and in this broad sense, control the education sector as the industry acts as a form of social control , ie purposeful influence on society to save , organize , improve and develop the specifics of a particular quality of society, in this case, the domestic education, which , as proclaimed in the Doctrine , "the basis of socio- economic and cultural development of Russia " ( Introduction, p.1) . Education, education is considered so in the Doctrine of much deeper than was still at the level of educational and training programs. Level Doctrine - a high level of human morality and respect for the law, it is supplied with the proclamation of the State 's own commitment to high spirituality and legal values . National Doctrine of Education - is self- government ideology , the expression of its achievements and capabilities.

Let us turn to the main features of social management education. Saving a single educational space Russia to be carried out by improving the conditions of all : and for the functioning of educational institutions, and for self-education and self-education of all categories of the population , the development - through the systematic update of all aspects of education as the enrichment of all the different spheres of social organization , improvement - for through the integration of education , science and industry (the compound of the educational process with research and educational institutions with research organizations , with the production, singly or in a center of education, culture , science and new technologies, especially for higher education) . Social governance in the broad sense is reflected in the Doctrine and in such positions as: 1) the need to engage in education of talented professionals who are , in fact, will not only carry out the learning process at a high level , but are able to connect this to the conduct of operations research research, theoretical or related to the practice of teaching , and 2) the need for timely training of teachers at all levels and the like. These provisions should be seen as a state policy , as substantial elements of social control , along with other stated goals ( free education , support humanistic traditions of ethnic cultures of the people of Kazakhstan , etc.).

How, though, is the impact on the education sector with a view to ordering ? Here are the main means of normative legal acts , the orientation of which should serve two main purposes of the system of state policy in the field of education: legal modalities of the educational institutions of various forms of ownership in the spirit of public-private partnership and the goal of integration of the Russian system of education and the world of the educational system without a loss we need history and identity of modern features of the national education

( harmonization of Russian education and educational standards of the world of practice) .

Proposed interpretation corresponds to the value of the verb control , which is understood to direct the activities and answer the question of " who - what ", and streamlining of legislation on education is precisely determined by the guiding ideas of higher -level ideas of social education sector management outlined in the national doctrine. The word justice is meaningful opportunities to cope - well arranged, organize , lead to an agreement . Because of this idea , for example , public- private partnerships as a leading social idea finds its correlate in the following provisions of the Doctrine . The need for legislative consolidation : - compliance with labor laws and implementation of social guarantees and benefits for educators and students , as well as close to these positions - on material property and the administrative responsibility of the founders of educational organizations and to increase the responsibility of employers to ensure stable funding for education institutions . Of course, such legislation applies to both parts of the system of educational institutions and the system of public education schools of all levels, and private. It is impossible, however, did not specify the norms of that plan , as it were mandatory only for public educational institutions , although the doctrine they definitely fixed as universal as the ideas of public policy, yet they are not in the whole volume , or not at all required private schools , colleges and universities. Such is the standard of free education. It is mandatory for the public sector of education , the private sector is stimulated only for its introduction , which introduced a provision of state support of educational institutions for the implementation of state policy in the field of education. Of course, in the context of specific content Doctrine support elements are indicated, this material acts another level , but it can be assumed in connection with the various situations . If, say, the public university places allocated for tuition , then why in the private educational institution does not appear places free of charge ?

Thus, the ideas of social control are the ideas that do not require their further development and ideas that need to further their legislative design , as seen in the Doctrine . Actually this kind of distinction is the subject of methodological support of legislation on education. If, then , these conceptual aspects of the text of legislation are natural and understandable , and it happens purely terminological inaccuracies , when the meaning of the perception interrupted , which is undesirable . Here is an example of the Doctrine of the text , when they say that a certain provision applies to a group of "state and municipal educational institutions," there is a lack of clarity . First, because local government agencies may also be public , not private , but here they are opposed , and secondly, the state educational institutions are either under federal jurisdiction or not federal , and local various types, such as regional . In any case requires a terminological precision, so correct to oppose the establishment of the regional office of federal jurisdiction . If, however, it is more convenient to use the term state educational institution (the term of the federal institution are not used , this is the first

element ), the context of its federal ownership should be clear. Another example of terminological confusion . The state is obligated to provide incentives for private investment in the development of educational institutions by providing businesses and individuals who invest these investments , tax and customs privileges . However, do not indicate whether such benefits are equal for both sectors of education , there may be implied and preferential benefits , can also accidentally omitted the words " for all types of property " - that this is the conceptual and terminological confusion . It is clear that there is good reason to need conceptual and terminological and methodological support of the legislative regulations on education, the establishment of methodological principles describe the organization of management of educational space. One of the principles we have already taken advantage of - the separation between the concepts of social management and direct management of the system of educational institutions. But here we need one more intermediate general concept - an organized system .

Organized system . Socially organized system (the social system) . Management is always considered as a function organized systems - biological, technical , social . Understanding the function of abstract philosophical spirit is to understand it as a phenomenon that depends on the other and change as that of the other. Interpretation like that is too wide for our case , although the sphere of education, of course, depends on the state and changes depending on changes in the state system , the state and capabilities of the state. The difficulty is purely theoretical - in essence , the state and the education system arise and develop almost parallel , they are known as the natural and historical phenomena , and to take their interdependence in philosophical terms - which means to go quite far from the concreteness of our facilities . (Not to mention the possibility of engaging in scientific debate , lasting sometimes for decades , despite the apparent simplicity of solving the issue , as the situation is very similar to the solution of the question , what came first - the chicken or the egg ) . Rational management function interpreted as the work done by any authority or body. Since the same education system - clearly a social organism, a system operating under society , control the education sector within the community is a social management , the functions of which , we recall - is the preservation of the system , its development and improvement, as well as ordering . Social management here as a type of management , the management of the education sector - as a form of social control , as the implementation of specific private functions . In line with the specific scope , it means support : 1) the mode of operation of the system of educational institutions , and 2 ) the implementation of its work program .

Management of the education system as a socially organized system . System management of educational institutions , respectively, form the following subsystems : functions , first, watching - the development of the education sector by well-known program towards a particular goal , the program usually concludes the range of ideas that are declared in any legislative act , for example, national Doctrine of education in the Russian Federation , which also lists the objectives,

tasks and responsibilities of the state. Second, the functions that provide the proper organization of the relationship between all elements of the education system and the mode of its operation as a set of specific mechanisms; indispensable part of such mechanisms should be considered as the presence of laws , ordinances, regulations , ordinances , and departmental regulations and the like. Third , the functions that control - of all actors of the educational process ( legal entities and officials , student- bearers of individual rights ) - the validity of all the mechanisms of action of the educational process , the rule of law and the rule of law.

Thus, we distinguish between social management as a source of meaningful ideas that fill the education development program to achieve certain purposes , and the direct management of the education system to observe it , and ensure regulatory functions according to established standards. It is impossible to not notice that the normative documents drawn up at different times and distributed to various volume and liability items as elements of the educational system is not always uniform terminology and conceptual .

Control theory, from which we derive mainly conceptual features and terminology are not noted however one important aspect of the matter , the features , so to speak , the management situation . If s in terms of responsibility and objects as elements of the educational system is not always terminological and conceptual one, then for the social side of the categorical approach, the first control the meaning of governance, namely direct the activities in the sense of control " who - what ", then for the direct management of the education system as an organized system of categorical meaning is the second - to manage its course , the influence of process- in time, be propelled as they would say in theoretical mechanics. In contrast to the motor - car , which converts energy into motion, which , generally speaking, one should compare the social management in a broad sense. In control theory, as is known , there is no conceptual modules establishing themselves organized systems in general , nor the creation of their elements. Referred only to the functions (control - a feature ), all the same features are aimed at maintaining the stability of structures , providing mode and control, ie, it comes to managing something already existing , ready- created . Not so with the social systems. then the management is something existing . retention of stability structuring their elements, that would compare social management .

Socially organized systems of the type are very different from biological or technical systems is their particular involvement in the self-organization. ( In biological systems , along with the theory of development, may be the creator of the idea of the highest in the technical - management idea transforms into a pure function ) . Social management education more inclined to reform its own system . Of course, this refers primarily either revolutionary or historical situations where the system of education or its essential parts are recreated : the base of universities, for example, which has not been in the country at all. The idea so to speak pure creation, perhaps , should include the position of the National Doctrine of

Education of the Russian Federation on the establishment of integrated structures of education, science and industry. Existed even earlier in some universities , training academies and universities research institutes and other institutions - whether they were truly integrated ? Target the idea of creating their distinguished above all other scale, goal-setting is the idea of the Doctrine of the integration is not accidental and should respond as it is now like to say , challenges. Indeed , the trend of fusion science, industry and technology has become a fact in the world and the fact global scale modern society has long been characterized as a post-industrial society . And the doctrine of the Russian Education , given such a new social structure characteristic of the state of society , could not respond to this "call time" , placing the formation of almost decisive.

The necessity of integration of education with production (the presence of science in this symbiosis necessarily - obvious) , brings to mind some government installation " The provisions of the Unified Labor School of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic" in 1918 . Remember it is necessary, in particular, Article twelve , proclaims productive labor basis of school life " is as productive socially necessary labor ." The authors believed his method of teaching ( he " must be closely and organically connected with the training "). Furthermore, by working children can learn " with a variety of forms of production , up to the highest ." This is somewhat contrary to the creators of their own representation of the document on education as " the illuminating light of knowledge surrounding the entire life" : it is difficult , learning and getting acquainted , at the same time such a big impact on the life around us , and the authors seem to have had in mind the impact of the " light of knowledge " in the future , when children graduate.

Such a disproportionate shift of even a minor , yet the share of " productive labor " in the direction of the school , child labor can not show the full power of the general background and ideas converters 1918 only due to the pragmatic side of such a plant - the school work was to serve as payment for the costs of the very school. Generally, if it is not to the detriment of learning, on the side, feasibly , is a way of life of this area , nothing humane is not , of course, in such a device. Rather, the intention of the newly established Soviet power is to make schools work stemmed from the serious intention to renounce the old world of education with his conceptual separation of the historical development of society and the formation of a classical education real, ie general and professional . On the note to the first two provisions of Article 1918 abolished craft , technical and commercial schools and colleges real, ie level to a higher professional education. The new school is one in the sense that all of it is professional ( "labor "). The historians of the Soviet period pedagogy may well show that came out of this venture .

But exactly how to interpret the provisions of the Doctrine of the need for the connection of the learning process with technology , production, so long as the existing vocational training institutions are not abolished ? On the one hand we can not ignore Russia's historical experience , on the other - Doctrine 1) does not call

for immediate reform of primary and secondary systems (the issue of higher education in this context, we do not discuss ) vocational education, where teaching work in a certain sense, the " connected " with the production of and 2) does not extend the idea of creating a new type of schools providing general education, but connected with the production differently than it has done in professional educational institutions. Regarded idea is , of course, to the ideas of higher levels of social control , as seen by the authorities at the moment , based on real time relatively near future. Its difference is that it - the idea of a distant future , the idea of long-range forecasting , calculated on a sufficiently developed post-industrial social structure , with its high-tech development . Integrated education - a means to becoming such a state of society , which makes the idea almost superidea : for education rests with the mission of transformation of the society ( as the " basis of socio- economic and cultural development of Russia "). Without such detailed interpretations not do: they - convincing way disclosure of the nature of social control , the nature of the ideas to be implemented , as long as they are enshrined in law . There are a number of provisions that are only indirectly related to the role of education: the elimination of child homelessness and the prevention and eradication of crime among young people. Eliminating these negative phenomena - tea goal of education is well supplied , a consequence of its more than now , significance and prestige for the new generation. For purely social objectives include a commitment to provide high power , youth employment , receive an education that guarantees people certainly a worthy place in society after years of intensive training. In this regard, a variety of social goals and it was necessary to disclose the content of the concept of methodological direction of education. There are actually legal aspect of the case.

The legal conditions for the development of educational institutions. On the right in the first place binds the concept of the state as the source and guarantor : the legal rules and regulations are established and protected by the state . For man is the ability to engage in any activity for the organizations and institutions - legitimized the ability to provide a person to work on the basis of the known set of documents . Education as a realization of the human right to education depends on many factors , conditions, circumstances may be historical , local, short-term , random. The legal conditions are linked mainly with the relationship, from the requirements of the governing bodies - from the existing rules and norms of functioning of the organization , from the constitutional provision on human rights training, health and safety, provision of educational programs and regulatory standards and their implementation , etc. By the legal environment is such a norm of self-government .

Self-government. The right to self-manage , self-management is implemented in two forms. One , the highest - autonomy . The right to autonomy in education are usually assigned to large educational structures , such as first-class universities in the country , which for them is highly desirable because of the resulting well-known independence , as well as more convenient submission ultimate managing

authority, bypassing intermediate . For the majority of educational institutions of self-government is , first, the influence and impact on the life of the school some additional structures , except for the administration , and secondly, independent of any change in the administration of regulatory compliance and device life of the school. Who gives them these rights as legislation is formulated and secured ?

Consider the examples of self-government with respect to age norms , which can be varied according to the Regulations of the Unified Labor School of the RSFSR in 1918 .

At a rate of admission of children to school the first stage at the age of eight years, student government provided an opportunity to " fall back on a year in the downward age norm " - subject to the approval of such a decision by a higher Board of Education .

The decision to stay in school longer than the established standard of students ( over 17 years ), and the " reception of children age greater than normal " ( over 8 years ) received only the school board , that is, without the approval of a higher authority .

The support of governments at the same time , ie subject to the law , played an amazing body - the school team consisting of all students and all school staff (which were classified as teachers , school doctors and " instructors manual labor "). Not only is the subject of this school of law on the one hand endowed with responsibility and then narrowed to the school board (a quarter of school staff , the corresponding number for this quarter the number of students from the age of 12 ), but on the other side of our entity has expanded . Expanded through the inclusion of : representatives of the working population of the school district , as well as a representative from the Department of Education .

The drafters of the Regulations in 1918 were no doubt people are educated and familiar with the idea of the European Enlightenment , the media is right - the people , otherwise how would take on the school board " working population ". Another interesting presence on the school board officials from the Department of Education . Strange though it was self unified labor school - the administration of the school as it was not, but the responsibility is there , the school self-governing, but a representative body of management education is constantly present . Municipality thus sufficiently differentiated phenomenon , associated with the right , it is an object and structurally diverse, also depends on the historical moment. In the case of labor school capricious plexus rights and obligations could hardly be otherwise legislate , rather than willful decree , which is the position in 1918 .

Obviously, the government in the form of a lower form , not autonomy , may be mainly under the direct administrative control . There is one more sign of the conceptual , somehow associated with self - self-organization .

Self-organization of students. Word of self-organization and articles about him not in the dictionary of the Russian language , SI Ozhigova ( 1991 , 23 edition). Whether at the level of self-organization avtoredaktora felt neglected social phenomenon , or just forgot about it , or whether its value is considered self-evident. While a number of articles about the words from self-evident value is placed : the words of the common language - self-deception , self-giving , self-promotion and terms - self-incrimination , recused himself . Organize all means something to base , combine for a particular purpose , systematically think through how - or device ; property organization - is the ability to self-discipline , planned activity , the ability to think through the steps . Term element of the "self" is oriented when it comes to man and his domestic properties and abilities - self-knowledge , self-expression , samovyyavlenie . The term self-organization , connecting the inner workings of the individual over himself to his work , focuses on the emergence of the personality qualities such as self-assertion and self-esteem . The qualities we observe social needed for a dignified existence in the social community. Self-organization is clearly appears here in the first place as a point of education. It is in this context , educational and pre -law , it should be more likely to interpret the position of the modern doctrine of national self-organization of young people. It says that the state must provide " support for various forms of self- learning , as an integral part of the whole education system and the formation of civil legal culture of young people." The system of formation of legal culture learning , becoming a citizen in the process of self-organization for training in a particular community , inevitably acquires a legal skills and concepts , legal culture - one of the prerequisites of the social role of the education sector , for which the state holds so much hope .

It should be noted that the conceptual and terminological analysis of regulations and performs ideological explanatory functions in relation to all subjects of education. Indeed, it is a terminological support of regulatory documents , explaining the content of the terms used in them , is one of the important conditions for the formation of pedagogical consciousness necessary for the implementation of the proposed reforms.

Conceptual and terminological analysis of the normative document can be used as a method for testing of any legal instrument in the field of education to its practical implementation. The basis for this assertion is the fact that it is possible to analyze the generated document , first, in terms of uniqueness , accuracy, conceptual definition of terms used , coordination of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of this document with the conceptual and terminological apparatus of other regulatory documents. This, in turn, is a prerequisite for compliance with a single conceptual and terminological apparatus in all the regulations of this kind.

Our method can serve as a propaedeutic tool for developers of regulations because it allows you to provide accurate and unambiguous terms of their compliance with applicable laws , identify the major deficiencies found in the regulations , to show the ways to correct them .2.2Recent research industry terminology ( OV Felde ( Borhvaldt ) VN Prokhorova , TS Pristayko ) indicate that professional terminology and vocabulary - the concept of same order that they belong to the same zone information space.The question of professionalism as a special category of terminological units affected in his monograph TS Pristayko . She made it clear on what grounds is the disengagement of concepts "professional vocabulary" and " terminological vocabulary" of the various authors .The term "professional vocabulary" is used as a synonym for " special vocabulary " as applied to a particular area. In this case, the terminology stands out as a special part of the professional vocabulary . This point of view is present , for example, E. Rosen : "Professional vocabulary uniform, make up one part of the terms and half-term - the words , based on clear definitions and descriptions referred to the object, the other is the same vocabulary , which is characterized not so much an object 's definition referred to as his attachment to the spoken word ."Professional vocabulary and terminology may be contrasted in terms of diachronic as lexical items from different historical periods . This thought is expressed by VN Portyannikova , who believes that "the terminology - is a special vocabulary of modern science and technology, and professional vocabulary - a vocabulary , which developed and flourished during the craft industry ."Such an understanding of the terminology and professional vocabulary is part of scientists serious objections. So , SD Shelov , a comprehensive analysis of this point of view , has come to the conclusion that due to historical conditions of the development of production processes in the Russian village when the stage craft labor preceded by a long period of subsistence farming , the special vocabulary of work is often preceded by specialization and professionalization of labor. In this context, the terms as special themed limited designations are not newer , on the contrary, the ancient professional vocabulary , bearing in mind the direct meaning of these words : vocabulary of a profession.In our view , the question about the time of jargon in relation to the terms or on the contrary should be considered only in view of the history of the development of specific tools nomination of a branch of knowledge . Nominative private research systems in diachronic aspect shows that professional conversational elements often appear before the official name, and in some cases can go to the category of terms. In turn , NA Shcheglova said: " The terminology systems as words having the definitive function historically preceded by the word professional - the names of things, objects , processes, products in a particular branch of labor. Only gradually with the development of technology, in connection with the generalization of the experience of a profession, in connection with the development of crafts in a more

perfect form of production, based on the application of the laws of science and technology , professional words start converted to scientific and technical terms . "This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in the early periods of the formation of a special profile nominative systems , not quite lost its force , and today , in particular in the field of substantive and procedural items. In the current economic dictionaries are often marked by quotation marks nominative units , which are the units are terminated , for example , along with the terms broker , vice - a broker, dealer , broker , market maker , and others are used professionally terminated the nomination , " rocket scientist ", in which focuses its scientific status of " engaged in the development of new financial regulations and operations ", in the definition of " market -maker " stresses "the high qualification of the employee " is a synonym for clarifying " the manager of the securities market ," ie, determined by the scope of his duties .The next line of demarcation of professional terminology and vocabulary in the works is scheduled AV Kalinin , VN Prokhorova , VN Sergeeva , NK Garbovskogo , IM Polyakova , B.C. Terehovoj etc.; manifests itself in distinguishing and the subsequent confrontation between two systems nomination inherent in the professional field of communication, namely the special (terms) and non-specific ( jargon ) nomination .In a number of places the terminology and vocabulary and professional team of linguists led by EI Dibrova : "The words and phrases used in a particular branch of science , technology, art , make up the terminology and professional language. Terms - the words and phrases that call the concept in a specific area of science, technology and art. The parameters of the term lies in the fact that the term : 1) has a strictly definitive ( attributive ) Identify the value of a field of knowledge , 2) logicisation semantics , 3) Conventional ( conscious understanding ) Used 4) uniqueness and 5) is a member of the terminological system , coming on as a member hyperons - giponimicheskoy organizations - hyperons or hyponymy . "There is no doubt about the position that the term is impossible without the existence of scientific theories, the sciences themselves , scientific and professional field as a whole , as they are the main semiotic units by which fixed the basic semantic information and through which the information is transmitted , but in some industry terminology nominative form new units .Definition of the role of terminology in scientific knowledge focused its attention recently been formed cognitive Terminology . At the same time, the issues associated with the epistemological function of the overall process in terms of scientific knowledge , the problem of studying the influence of the terminology ( its orderliness , systematic ) on the development of science in modern linguistics require further development.A number of studies point to such epistemological function of terms such as fixation , storage and transfer of knowledge ( instrumental function) , as well as heuristic and its variant - systematizing function . General functions of the term can be summarized as follows : nominative (or latch function knowledge) , signifying (or sign ) , communicative (or transfer function of knowledge) , pragmatic (or expressive ) . As specific can be mentioned such as heuristic ( the

discovery of new knowledge) and instrumental characterizing the term as a tool for learning ( Leichik 1989 : 38-39) .S. Green in the framework of the functions of the term has entered the epistemological criterion and highlights features such term as a diagnostic and prognostic . The first makes it possible to determine the level of development of knowledge on the main mode of formation , for example, in the terminology of the scope of commodity- money circulation is the leading source of borrowing ( direct or tracing ) , which is characteristic of the initial stage of the formation of terminology , and are more concerned economic professionally terminated vocabulary.In our opinion, if the terms are defined in sufficient detail , the concept of " professional vocabulary" and "professionalism" are not distinguished : the production of speech and expression are as duplicates or synonyms of the terms " for itself" in its field . Professionalism is often replaced with the remaining members of terminosistemy : Technical : Nose (burners ) , cervix ( the shaft ) . These semi-official names give vitality and looseness nomination .With respect to criteria of differentiation of terms and jargon in the literature, there are two points of view : first, such a criterion may be diachronic characteristics . Secondly, ( and this view appears to be more reasonable ), the criterion of differentiation is typical of professionalism nenormirovannost use, often due to the presence of emotional and expressive connotations , the limited use of professional oral speech, not of a formal nature . Increase in the degree of one of the characteristics of professionalism - expressive - takes a special type of unit in the professional jargon , the use of which is unacceptable from the point of view of professional ethics. Another important factor is that professionalism is a kind of " shadow " notation: they accompany officially legalized and made to the regulations and the terms therefore are unable to gain a foothold in the nomenclature system specific area of knowledge.As you can see , the concept of " special vocabulary " includes terms and the concept of " professional vocabulary" - professionalism. Lee. Skvortsov , talking about how there is a " measurement" of emerging terms in a particular field of knowledge, professionalism uses for different phrase : " Very often, the term expression or professional rejected on the basis of inaccurate and incorrect from a scientific point of view, their use. The authors tend to forget about the natural process of a living language in which terminology -born elements go into wider use , becoming a " half-term ", " poluprofessionalizmami ", or even break away from its source , adding imaginative, expressive vocabulary dictionary of common language "[10, 218].V. Tatarinov also avoids the use of the term "professional vocabulary" , pointing out that in the study of jargon is important to consider the following: first , under professionalisms usually understood not the totality of professional vocabulary , and a variant of conventional unit terms , and secondly , the terms "professional vocabulary" and "professionalism" are not synonymous. We have to also regret that the linguistic literature distinguishes between professional and specialized terminology.

One can not but agree with the VA Tatarinov that " in any terminological are also terminopodobnye lexical items whose status has not quite clear definition. There was a tradition of such units be called terminoidami . Under terminoidami can be understood as individual education terminology ( including Professionalism ) and words that are used in a special text as yet no unreflected terminological content. "Meanwhile, many scientists agree that a professional interaction between professionals of any field of science , technology, art necessarily involves the use of terms and jargon .It is important to note that VM Zhirmunskii in the 30s also drew attention to the fact that the special or professional vocabulary - a special sphere of language use . According to him , the professional vocabulary - mobile and updated part of the vocabulary of the language, it replenishes the words of common use and , in turn , extends the scope of its application and, under certain conditions, can become a fact of common vocabulary , " professional speech in the extended or figurative sense in certain specific historical conditions of life appear in the national language . " Moreover, the " professional specialization effect in respect of language is not in the grammatical differentiation, both in class dialects , and in the development of special vocabulary , mostly accessible only to members of the profession , and that in the process of historical development of the language dictionary of occupational groups is not , of course , closed in his special field. (...) Many times there have been reports of expansion of professional terminology for the original terms of its use , professional words in the extended or figurative sense in certain specific historical conditions of life come into the national language . " This statement emphasizes the interaction between the professional vocabulary and obscheliteraturnogo .Professional communication - a dialogue between professionals of any field of science , technology, art , necessarily implies the use of terms and jargon .In the academic literature offers a definition of professionalism : "Professionalism - words that are the accessory of the speaker's voice a certain group ,a joint productive activity , trade or profession . Professionalism refer to special concepts , tools or products of labor , production processes . Therefore, they are sometimes called special words or technical terms . " The use of such words leads to the fact that they lose their value and a specialized part of the common lexicon . Such an occurrence of special terms in common use , or due to the prevalence of specific subject matter and concepts , or metaphorical use them to refer to previously called them the objects and phenomena of reality , such as fermentation ( cf. fermentation minds , originally a biological term ) , the sphere ( cf. in the higher spheres , initially - a mathematical term ) .It should be noted that in the terminology lexicon of professionalism occupy a special place. The ratio of scientists to them is far from unambiguous . A number of researchers strongly in favor of their withdrawal from the term system , while others believe that professionalism is just a stylistic equivalent terms, and therefore should be studied general linguistics and not of terminology , and others , on the contrary , it is recommended to do the terminology of their study. With the latter

we can not agree , given that in recent times there is a tendency to replace the standardized terminology of professionalism.OV Felde ( Borhvaldt ) provides a definition of professionalism, based on the analysis of professional prospectors dialect of the XIX century , " the professionalism ( professional vocabulary ) are lexical items , mainly used for naming ideas and concepts in the form sublanguages various crafts, trades and occupations (fishing, hunting, farming and so on) . " distinctive feature of these jargon is that they have emotional coloring , which can be determined by comparison with the stylistically neutral special name. In most cases, expressive jargon finds its material expression in slovoobrazovatlenyh affixes , confirmed the terms of the micro-and macrocontext . For the period of the beginning of XX century is characterized by a marked increase in professionalism. Professionalism is the basic unit of professional vocabulary , it has a number of properties that are common to units specialized vocabulary . He is characterized by specialization values , the limited scope of use, the ability to enter into the system with other professionally -oriented units , including the terms , and where there is no equivalent terminology , professionalism pretends to take a " semantic gap " and become a term . In modern linguistics , there are three points of view on professionalism : the first - the identification of the terms , the second - diachronic distinction , the third - the nomination as distinguishing parameters : nenormirovannost use of jargon , the limited scope of the operation in the spoken language and the presence of emotionally expressive connotations .To sum up, we can say that the stratification of the language of professional communication is traditionally based on the selection of terminology as the core language of scientific and professional communication and perinuclear areas - oral professional vocabulary ( Professionalism ) , professional jargons and nomenclature units . However, the language of professional communication is realized not only in oral form. For example , the analysis of the vocabulary of commodity- money circulation allowed to allocate a large number of professionally terminated nominations set forth in the current economic dictionaries , which , being essentially professionalism, acquired the status of terms such as : heavy - action , " blue backs ", " cats and dogs , " " property of the father ", denoting a particular class of shares .Before linguists , in our view , there is a problem - to explore the many linguistic phenomena associated with the nominative activities in the areas of professional communication.