csname 2008.11

CSNAME 2008.11

中国修船业的机遇与挑战

CSNAME 修船技术学术委员会

China has been the third strongest country on shipbuilding in the world, especially for the rapid development on ship-repair. The pattern for large-scale ship-repair enterprises and the assort enterprises has been formed around the Bohai Sea Bay Rim, Chang Jiang Delta and Zhu Jiang Delta.



Chinese ship-repair is drawing close to the orbit of the internationalized management, with the aggregationized management and world-class industry structure including its main parts of COSCO SHIPYARD\CSSC\CSIC and CSQCIC.

As the transferring of the ship-repair centre to the EAST ASIA and the SOUTH EAST ASIA, the dream of becoming one of the strongest countries on ship-repair will come true.



Dock construction: 150 thousand T dock built in

Wen Chong shipyard in 1995 and 300 thousand T dr

y-dock built in Shanhaiguan Ship-repair, which beco

mes one of biggest docks newly built in 1990s of the

last century, ending the history in which the super-la

rge vessel couldn’t be repaired in dock on the mainla

nd of China and raising the status of Chinese ship-re

pair in the world.



Until the end of 2007, only 50 thousand T docks we own reach 60 ones with more than 9000 T general dock capacity, and 300 thousand T docks come to 8 ones.



• Scale of Economy:• The output value from ship-repair was only 1.7

hundred millions at the beginning of the in 1982; and the output value from the repair of foreign ships took one half of the total one in 1993; the ratio came to 70% in 1996 and 533 hundred million yuan had been achieved in 2007, with more than 300 times increased. The ship styles repaired have been developed from the conventional styles, such as the ordinary bulk-cargo ship, oil ship to most of styles, with the ship-refitting and technical level raised.



Billboard (output value) for ship-repair enterprises in 2007

2007 年修船企业排行榜 ( 产值 )



序号企业名称修船产值 ( 亿元 )

hundred million yuan

1 中远船务工程集团有限公司 (Cosco Shipyard) 79

2 上海华润大东船务工程有限公司 (Huanrun dadong dockyard Co.,Ltd. )

22

3 中船澄西船舶修造有限公司 (Chengxi shipyard Co. Ltd. ) 20

4 中海工业有限公司 (China Shipping Industry Co., Ltd ) 19

5 友联船厂（蛇口）有限公司 (Yiu Lian Dockyards （ Shekou ） Limited )

11

6 山海关船舶重工有限责任公司 (Shanhaiguan Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd )

10

7 中船远航文冲船舶工程有限公司 9

8青岛北海船舶重工有限公司 (Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co,. Ltd.)

8

9 舟山市鑫亚船舶修造有限公司 (Zhoushan xinya shipyard Co.,Ltd. ) 7

10 青岛前进船厂 (Qingdao qianjin shipyard ) 5

1\Continuous improvement for refitting technique of ships.

Two kinds of ship refitting are change for usage and change for performance.

The ship to be refitted can be changing ordinary bulk-cargo ship into bitumen-ship, Cement ship , container ship engineering ship and some other kinds of ships ;



another typical refitting is changing all ship into the .Floating Production-Storage Oil devices (FPSO), Volumed Large Ore Carrier (VLOC), single hull ship into double hull one or RO-RO and OBO ship.



With the co-operation of Shanhaiguan shipyardand the Modern Heavy Industry of the South Korea( 韩国现代重工 ), the two super-large oil ships with 280 thousand T were refitted into FPSOsuccessfully(1998 年两条 FPSO 顺利交付 ) which made the prelude open for large scale oil ships the making



• installing of the mooring facilities at single paint the workshop( 单点系泊 ) ,the combustion system ail-unloading apparatus platform for aeroplanes( 生产处理站 ), assembly or disassembly of equipment in engine-room maintenance of safe ty equipment and electric instrument off-shore and coating in cabin and for hull( 燃烧系统、卸油装置、飞机平台、机舱设备、海上安全设备和电气仪表 ). Handing over the two FPSO marks a new leaping from Chinese shiprepair on high- tech and high additional value. Much advanced technology, technique and managing experiences are also digested and absorbed together with ideal economic efficiency.( 标志着中国修船业向高技术、高附加值、大型改装工程迈出可喜一步 )



Projects on large ships’ refitting are emerging one after ano

ther present years, especially at summit period of VLCC refittin

g(VLCC 改装进入高峰期 ) .More than 20 ships are refitting or w

ill be refitted to VLCC(20 多条 )by contracts of key enterprises i

ncluding Shanhaiguan Shipbuiling Industry( 山船重工 ), Huarun

Dadong Shipping( 华润大东 ),Qingdao Beihai ship-building Hea

vy Industry( 北船重工 ), cosco Dalian( 大连中远 ) and cosco zh

ouhshan( 舟山中远 ). The refitted ships contain and mainly VLO

C 、 FPSO and VLCC with double hulls and bottoms( 改装后的船型主要有： VLOC 、 FPSO 、双壳双底 VLCC 等 )



• According to the forecast from developing centre of 玛瑞泰克（ China ） ,there will be 44 ships to be refitted to VLCC in china, with more than 11 hundred millions us dollars of output value (including repair),from 2007 to 2009, which makes china the strong country for VLCC(2007 年至 2009 年，中国 VLCC 改装数量将达到 44 艘以上，产值（含修理）将达到 11 亿美元以上，中国已成为 VLCC 建造和改装大国 ).



2\ Continuous improvement of ship repair level in dock

( 坞修水平不断提高 ). Under the joint efforts from every shiprepair enterprise and institute, assorting for repair in dock achieves its breaking through development( 坞修配套有了突破性的发展 )



• equipments for high efficient sand –blast and for rust-removal with high-pressure water, airless spray painting, high-altitude working vehicle, electric scaffold on block have been improved and escalated, raising greatly mechanical working level, shortening the period of ship repair in dock with only 2~4 days.( 高效喷砂除锈设备、超高压水除锈设备、无气喷涂机、高空作业车、船舷电动脚手架及液压千斤顶、液压边墩等设施不断改进升级，提高了坞修机械化作业水平，缩短了坞修周期，常规坞修周期为 2 ～ 4 天 .)



In our shipyard ,the ability for changing plates rea

ches 17~22T/day, some of which come to 40T/day,(

换板能力达到 17 ～ 22 吨 / 天，有的已达到 40 吨 / 天 )

。修船综合能力明显提高 ) 。



Dock capacity rate (10 thousand /10 thousand T) r

esponses the complex index for both the rate of ship

repair in dock and repair capacity.( 坞容率（万元 / 万载重吨）明显提高 )

An obvious rising on dock capacity rate shous 400

00 key onterprises and 80000~90000 thousand yuan /

10 thousand T for some advanced enterprises in 200

7, which reach the high level in the world .(4000 万元/ 万载重吨 , 8000--9000 万元 / 万载重吨 )



Maintenance is socialized and specialized gradually in the aspects of deck machinery. Cabin machinery, power station and communicating navigation and so on .( 专业化维修实现了社会化、专业化维修 ,甲板机械、舱室机械、动力装置、通讯导航设备等设施等 ) 。



ABB boodter , SULZER diesel engine assorts, SIEMENS marine electric facilities, marine automotivelization of Norway, ZP towing boat, marine hoist of HAGGLUNDS and LIEBHREE,bonded warehouse for assorts, self-shot blast and working in high-attitude make great intact for our shipyards. (ABB 增压器、苏尔寿柴油机配件、西门子船电、挪威船舶自动化、 ZP 拖轮、赫格隆和利渤海尔船用吊机服务站、配件保税仓库，以及自动喷丸除锈、高空作业车等，大大提高了船厂的完整性修船能力 )



3\Experience accumulation for maintaining of special vessels( 特种船维修不断积累经验 ) In 1987, AN LONG, the first LPG with 1500 CBM, was introduced in our country and substitution of inert gas in cabin was finished in Hong Kong. After that, more than 20 ships including Haitong, Tailong, Tainan, Taihua and Yinlong, among which the inert gad substitution was carried out in the mainland of China.(1987 年引进国内首条 LPG 安龙号 , 陆续引进人才 20 余条 )



• That’s the first success and fills the technical blank in this field, which solves the key difficulty in LPG repairing. Such projects have been undertaken by Huangpu Shipyard and Shiprepair Branch of Guangzhou Shipyard.

• Now maintaining experiences for LPG and LNG have been gained by gained Chengxi Shipyard, Shiprepair Branch of Shanghai Shipyard and COSCO Shipyard Company.

• (1990 年“海通”号实现了国内首次惰性气体清舱置换，解决了 LPG 船修理中的关键技术难题，此后黄埔船厂、广船修船分厂也相继承接了 LPG 船的修理项目。近年来LPG 船、 LNG 船维修业务不断涌现，澄西船厂、上船修船分厂、中远船务等均有修理 LPG 船、 LNG 船的经验 )



With the continuous development of oceanic petroleum in China, maintaining for ocean-ographic engineering ship and some facilities have been enlarged. High technical content and high additional value from semi-latent (self-elevating) drilling vessel, fixed platform foe vessel support and FPSO make our repair projects increasing steadily.( 随着中国海洋石油开发的不断发展，海洋工程船业务不断扩大，自升式（半潜式）钻井船、固定式导管架平台以及 FPSO 船等高技术含量、高附加值船的修理工程稳步增长 ) 。



4\Further perfection of technical standardization for shiprepair( 修船技术标准化 (CB/T) 进一步完善 )

Rapid development of our shiprepair helps our entering the international market and the further perfection of our technical standardization system (我国修船业迅猛发展，行业的技术标准体系需进一步完善 ) 。



(Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China).SAC/TC12/ 修船分技委 was set up in Oct.1989, whose major duty is to sort out standards for shiprepair and to revise concerned works. The planned items can be concluded in 7 groups for shiprepair in dock, marine diesel engine, hull, marine electric instrument, marine boiler, marine anxillary machinery and engineering vessel, more than 150 in all. (1989 年成立了修船分技术委员会 ,负责归口修船标准的制、修订工作。规划的标准项目分为坞修、船用柴油机、船体、船舶电气、船用锅炉、船舶辅机和工程船等七大类，共 150 多项 ) 。



More than 130 standards issued by CSSC meet the needs of conventional shiprepair basically. To guarantee the repair quality for necessary technical basis, especially for contracting the foreign ships, the standards have been key parts in negotiation and checking. 中船总发布实施了 130多项修船标准，基本上满足了船舶常规修理的需要，修船标准已作为经营谈判及船舶修理质量验收中不可缺少的组成部分 .



• which offers technical guarantee as one of shiprepai

ring centres. Some standards for oil-ship as end product and LNG/LPG will be made up to fill gaps, supply shortage and revise work.

• 应制定一批修理成品油轮、 LNG/LPG 船的修船标准和海洋平台的修理标准。



Challenges( 机遇 ): 1 、 Economic development and support on policy: 经济发展与政策支持 Since we have 18 thousands kilometers of coast line

with many ports, which is favored the development of shipbuilding, there will be increasingly needs for shiprepair in the coming 10 years in 21st century. Based on our encouraging improvement and steadily increasing needs for shiprepair by forecast,(21世纪，世界修船需求量 10 年内仍将会增长，中国海岸线 1.8 万公里 ,港口众多 , 有利于修船业发展。 ) there will be 2.5% of increasing during 2006-2010, and 2.0% or so during 2011-2015. 全球修船业务将稳步增长， 06 ～ 10 年增长2.5 % ， 2011 ～ 2015 年 2.0 %左右。



《Mid and Long Term of Developing Plan for Shiprepair Industry》 considered and got through by the State Council in Aug.2006 stressed that the technical level must be raised in large scope in order to bear shiprepair of larger scale and more styles. Importance and support from state offer us more opportunities which are hard to come by.

2006 年 8月国务院审议并原则通过《船舶工业中长期发展规划》 ,《规划》强调到 2010 年船舶修理（包括改装）技术水平要大幅度提高，能够承担大型、多品种船舶修理任务。国家对船舶工业的重视和支持，对修船业的发展提供了不可多得的机遇 .



2、 Setting up of facilities and the further raising of managing level( 设施建设和管理水平进一步提高 )

Table for 300 thousand T docks (30万顿级船坞一览表 )



序号企业名称船坞尺寸 (MXMXM)

1 山海关船舶重工有限责任公司 (Shanhaiguan Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd )

340X64X12.8 DD

2青岛北海船舶重工有限公司 (Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co,. Ltd.)

360X78X13.1 DD

3 中远船务工程集团有限公司 (Cosco Shipyard(dalian)) 350X66X27 FD


400X83X8 DD


360X67X8.5 DD

6 中海工业有限公司 (China Shipping Industry Co., Ltd ) 410X82X 28 FD

7 舟山万邦永跃船舶修造有限公司 (Zhoushan IMC-Yongyue Shipyard & Engineering Co., Ltd )

350X65X13.6 DD

8 中远船务工程集团有限公司 (Cosco Shipyard(zhoushan)) 470x68x DD

With the characters of short periods, various changes and added working process for shiprefitting, managing models should be with applicableness and adaptability. Through concluding, the comprehensive managing level requires improving including production, technique, dispatching , safety, quality and cost-control. 修船生产周期短、修理工程变化大，改装工程又造船生产的一些工序和内容，修船企业的管理模式要求具有广泛的适用性和灵活性。经过不断总结经验修船企业在生产、技术、调度、安全、质量、成本控制等综合管理水平进一步提高 .



• 3 、 Superiority on shiprepair price

• ( 修船价格具有优势 )• 国内修船价格与日韩 \新加坡相比具有一定优势。

• 4 、 Obvious superiority on scaled management • ( 规模经营优势明显 )



As a professional shiprepair enterprise, COSCO SHIPYARD is developing rapidly, especially after the conformity to its subordinate units in Nantong, Dalian, Zhoushan, Guangzhou and Shanghai, becoming enterprise group with the highest output value in 2005 中远船务发展相当迅速， 2005 年其下属的南通、大连、舟山、广州、上海等各公司进行整合，成为 2005 年修船产值最高的企业集团。走集团化规模经营是其快速发展的原因所在 .



• Because of the eight “unity” including managing, safety, technology, man-power resource, finance, supervision, planning and enterprise culture, the rights for decision, controlling and supervision have been strengthened at the central unit, which leads to the maximum efficiency and value by serving the overall, strengthening inter coordination and optimized disposition, COSCO SHIPYARD stands in the billboard on shiprepair in 2006 and 2007 just for its high competiveness and development in great-leap-forward 集团总部行使管理中枢的决策权、控制权、监督权。优化资源配置，实现中远船务效益最大化、价值最大化，从而提高企业核心竞争力，实现了企业的跨越式发展。 2006 年、 2007 年两年



Challenges: 挑战 1、 Increasing of indefinite factors in the economic develo

pment. 经济发展中的不确定因素增多 The turbulence of the world financial market from America

n sub prime mortgage crisis influences much to ship-repair market with less asking about price, decreasing of business, abandoned ship in contract and weakened markets in both international trade and shipping, all of which form the indefinite factors.

世界金融市场动荡 ,对修船市场的影响将进一步显现 ,船舶询价减少 ,成交量锐减 ,弃船现象增多 ,国际贸易及航运市场明显疲软 ,不确定因素增多。



2、 Revaluing of Ren Min Bi 人民币升值 The continuing revalue of Ren Min Bi since 2005 shrinks t

he advantages on price for ship-repair furtherly. 修船价格优势进一步缩小 .

3、 The fierce international competition: 国际竞争更加激烈 The joint venture companies and enterprises with the capi

tal from South Korea/Japan/Singapore make the market competition much fierce.Development of shipbuilding and ship-repair from the periphery countries such as Vietnam and Philippine makes higher and more serious requirement for our ship-repair ( 国际资本进入中国，在大陆合资合作建厂使市场竞争更加激烈 . 越南、菲律宾周边国家修造船发展对中国修船业提出了更高的要求 .)



4、 Insufficient ability for technical development: 技术开发能力不足 At present, the ships under our contracts contains main

ly the bulk-cargo ship, general cargo ship and oil ship with lower technical contents and additional value, but we have less chemical cargo ship, liquefied matural gas carrier (LPG\LNG), luxurious pleasure boat and ships for oceanographic engineering under contracts. Thus there’s much space for rising of technique. 目前 , 国内承修的船舶仍以散货船、杂货船、油船等技术含量及附加值较低的项目为主，而化学品船、液化气船（ LPG\LNG ）、豪华游船、海洋工程等特种船的维修数量相对较少。修船技术、工艺水平还有很大的提升空间。



1 、 strengthening of linkage and consultation regularly

加强定期沟通协调机制

• SPCC for Chinese ship repair enterprises is held once a quarter of the year. Until now We’ve had 26 meetings, on which production and managing conditions are circulated, developing plans are exchanged for all known ship repair enterprises. Taking “Strengthening co-operation, Bring actions into line” as aim.

• 2002 年以来每季度举行一次，至今已举行 26 次



• analysis to trends for ship repair , corresponding countermeasure, the lowest price to be consulted, price for repair in dock, some relevant problems, ……all of these will be brought to SPCC for results. This makes SPCC authoritative in China, Which plays an important role in standardizing ship repair market.

• 修船企业通报生产经营情况，发展规划，同时以“加强合作，协调行动”为宗旨，分析修船形势，提出相应对策，审定当前修船价格最低价位，修订坞修价格，通报相关情况。“斯佩克”会议已经成为中国修船业具有权威性的会议，对规范修船市场等发挥了重要作用。



2 、 Raising of standard for joining allowance 提高准入标准• <Basic requirement and evaluation method of prod

uction condition for ship repair enterprise> Organized and made by 综合院 has been submitted

• to put into action. In this document, joining terms for allowance 、 classification 、 supervision are made clear so as to standardize shiprepair market and evade the evil competition out of order.

• 由中国船舶工业综合技术经济研究院组织制定的 < 船舶修理企业生产条件基本要求及评价方法 >( 征求意见稿 ) 已下发 , 不久将实施 . 进一步明确修船企业准入条件 \ 分级制度 \监管等 , 规范修船市场 , 避免无序恶性竞争 .



3、 Raising managing level and evading various risks 提高管理水平 ,规避各种风险 Strengthening of information-based management : Hi

gher information-based management can make the manager grasp the enterprise resource, bring production into line, raise producing efficiency and lower the cost by making all the channels unblocked on finance, man-power, resources and facilities.

强化信息化管理修船企业进一步提高信息化管理水平，畅通财务、人力、物资、设施等信息渠道使管理者及时掌握企业资源，起到协调生产、提高生产效率、降低成本的作用。




Strengthening of the single-vessel management: 单船管理

Taking every single vessel as a unit, project is set up and director is appointed together with a few foremen, who will be in charge of the whole process of management including production 、 technique 、 dispatching 、 safety 、 quality 、 cost-control and connection domestically and externally. In such management, the efficiency from ship repair is close contact with income of the manager, which will bring every positive actor from personnel in different levels. 以每条船为单位，任命主管和几名领班，全权负责内、外联系和生产指挥，从报价开始负责单船修理的生产、技术、调度、安全、质量、成本控制等全程管理，修船效益与管理者收入直接挂钩，充分调动了各级人员的积极性。

Strengthening of controlling risks from exchange rate 强化汇率风险控制



4、 Strengthening the ranks of talent persons

加强人才队伍建设 Respect of knowledge, talent and innovation will offer th

e platform and more space for the personnel to bring their ability into play; At the meantime of the rapid, lasting and healthy development of the enterprise, personnel is guaranteed to share the achievement by gaining more material benefit and realizing self-worth.尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创新，为员工提供发挥才能的平台和能力发展的空间，在实现企业快速持续健康发展的同时，员工得到更多的实惠、实现自身价值，共享企业发展成果。



5 、 Forming the core competitiveness by raising innovative ability with high-tech 提高科技创新能力，形成核心竞争力

Self-core competitiveness can be formed by learning advanced technique and managing experiences through introduction, digestion, absorbing and reinnovation. 学习修船先进技术及先进管理经验，通过引进、消化、吸收、再创新，逐渐形成自己的核心竞争力。



thanks

2008年 11 月



csname 2008.11

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