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A Reality in Bangladesh

Regional Consultation on Resilience

06-08 Feb, 2013

Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shah Md. Ashraful Amin

Christian Aid-Bangladesh

Presented at the Christian Aid Regional Consultation on Resilience South Asia06-08 Feb 2013, Kathmandu, Nepal


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Outline of the Discussion

What are the major consequences?

Why Bangladesh is Vulnerable to CC?

Climate Change (CC) Stressors and theirImpacts on BD

Challenges for the vulnerable community

Challenges from CC Perspective

Socio-economic and Physical DimensionImmediate Response


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Consequences of CC

Temperature Rise

Land Surface Temperature

Sea Surface Temperature

Variation in Precipitation

Sea Level Rise

Majority of the impacts of climate change can bereflected in water. This is:

a. Too much waterb. Too little waterc. Wrong type of waterd. Wrong timing of water


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Changes in Means

Changes Potential ImpactsIncrease in temperature Reduction of crop yield

Scarcity of water/Drought

Human health, LS, PoultryVariation in precipitation Increase risk of flooding

Increase risk of water logging

Increase risk of landslideIncrease risk of in-migrationdue to river bank erosion

SLR Salinity intrusion, Inundation

CC Stressors and Consequences


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Changes in ExtremesChanges Potential Impacts

Flood Damage to households in slum and squatter areas

Damage to roads and other infrastructures

Damage to utility services

Spread out of water borne diseasesDrought Severe water scarcity

Heat or coldwaves

Short term changes in energy demand

Health stress due to extra heat or cold

Tornado Damage to households in slum and squatter areas

Damage to utility services

Cyclone Wash away everything



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Changes in Exposure

Changes Potential Impacts

Population

Movements

People are exposed to

hazards

Biological changes Increase of vector bornediseases;

High rate of malaria,dengue, typhoid



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CCSigna

l

Time

Base line

The cumulative effect of baselineshift and accentuation of extreme


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CCSigna

l

Time

Base line

Accentuation of extremes

Cont.


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Temp Rise


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Temp Rise


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Changes in rainfall


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Increasing frequency of

extreme eventsDecades No. of events

Flood Cyclone Tornado Drought

80s 1 7 2 3

90s 3 4 1 3

00s 9 7 6 1

01s 6 1 5 0

Total 19 19 14 7


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WHY BANGLADESH IS VULNERABLE??

The Bengal Delta is the product of complex hydrological andsedimentation processes of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna

(GBM) river systems


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Sea Level RiseThe IPCC 3rd Assessment report estimated

that the global rise in sea level from 1990 to2100 would be between 9 and 88 cm

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

8090

100

Year 2030 Year 2050 Year 2100

Year

S

LR(cm)

TAR/ NAPA SMRC


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SLR trend in Bangladesh

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Hiron Point Char Changa Coxs Bazar

Station

m

m/yr

SMRC 2010


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Sea

Level

Rise


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SLR and Mangrove Forest

Source: Kibria, G. 2012


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Cyclone


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Erratic

Rainfa

ll


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Flood

Flood 2004


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R

iverBa

nkErosion


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EXISTING DROUGHTB SITUATION,

AND DROUGHT SITUATION IN THE YEARS 2030 & 2075

EXISTING DROUGHT

DROUGHT CLASSES

Very Severe Drought

Severe Drought

Moderate Drought

Less Moderate Drought

Slight Drought

Very Slight to Nil

Severe & Moderate

Moderate & Less Moderate

SunderbansForest

ADDITIONAL DROUGHT

PRONE AREAS IN 2030

ADDITIONAL DROUGHT

PRONE AREAS IN 2075


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Way forward

Manage the Unavoidable =Adaptation

Avoid the Unmanageable =Mitigation


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National Adaptation Programme of

Action (NAPA) 2005, revised in 2009 45 measures; 18 prioritized; (9 short

term, 9 mid term)

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategyand Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2008,revised in 2009

10 year prog (2009-2018)

6 pillars; 44 programmes, 145 actions

Response to CC


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Climate Change Trust Fund Act 2010

Formation of Climate Change Trust Fund 100 M$/year since 2010 from national budget

Climate Change Unit under MoEF

Financial support to different ministries andgovt. departments

National NGOs

Climate Change Resilience Fund

Response to CC


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Raised Plinth Height


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HomesteadG

arden

onRaisedPl

inth


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Raised Plinth ofToilet


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LivestockDuringFlood


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Preservation of HouseholdAssets Over False Ceiling

Storage of Food for Flood


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Storage of Safe DrinkingWater & Dry Food


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Community based rainwater harvesting

Household based rainwater harvesting


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Floating GardenDuring Flood

Locally Known asBaira Cultivation


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Raised Tube Well


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Store Extra Furnace


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Protecting fromErosion

Protecting IGA


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Community People Using the Water of

Re-excavated Pond


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Pond Sand Filter

H h ld B d R i W H i i


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Household Based Rain Water Harvesting in

Drought Prone Area


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Drip Irrigation


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Household Based Irrigation

Farming


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Crab Farming in Saline Water


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Chickpeas in Drought Area


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THANK YOU

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