Download - Word-formation 构词法 Derivation 派生法 Compound 合成法 Conversion 转化法 混成法、 截短法、 词首字母缩略法 构词法知识构词法知识
Word-formation 构词法
Derivation 派生法
Compound 合成法
Conversion 转化法
混成法、 截短法、词首字母缩略法
构词法知识
1. 合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner 空调 blood pressure 血压 income tax 所得税 credit card 信用卡 (2) adj + n central bank 中央银行 fast food 快餐 solar system 太阳系 remote control 遥控
Compound
(3) v-ing + 另一词 washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶执照 (4) 其他方式 by-product 副产品 editor-in-chief 主编2. 合成形容词 (1) 过去分词或带 ed 词尾的词构成。 absent-minded 心不在焉的 grey-haired 头发灰白的 (2) 动词的 ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering 长期受苦的 far-reaching 深远的 ( 影响 )
3. 合成动词及合成副词 water-ski 滑冰 overeat 吃得太多 baby-sit 看孩子
Compound word with
a hyphen
Compound word put
together
Compound words
separated
Merry-go-round
Life-size
Basketball, football,
Disneyland, Fantasyland
theme park,
Ferris wheel,
roller coaster
Find the compound nouns in thereading passage
Finish Ex. 2 on P 36
1. Make compound words after the models. A: part, long, passer, film, short, well, cold, baby, get, low, world B: by, known, time, maker, wave, famous, sitter,
term, together, lying, blooded Model: part + time = part-time
Practice
2. Fill in the blanks with the words above.
1) It’s a good idea to start a _________ job to make
extra money.
2) It’s necessary to use a __________
radio to pick up the program.
part-time
short-wave
3) Walt Disney, the great __________, was born in Chicago in 1901.
4) The Dead Sea is very _________, at around
395 meters below sea level.
5) We’re having a little ___________ to
celebrate his birthday.
6) They often perform in the streets for the
_________.
7) I’m sure you will be __________ soon.
low-lying
get-together
passers-by
well-known
film-maker
3. Make compound words after the models.
Model: bed + clothes = bedclothes
A: book, boy, sea, fire, over, under,
friend, sun, how, court, day, wide
B: mark, side, burnt, friend, light, yard, fighter,
fighter, ground, coat, ship, spread
4. Fill in the blanks with the words above.
1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the __________ could control it.2) At school she formed a close _________ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _______.
firefighters
friendship
seaside
5). Lucy enjoys travelling by ____________. That’s
how she goes to work every day.
6). The children are playing happily in the
_________.
underground
courtyard
4) He put on a hat and ________ before he went out.
overcoat
Derivation:
1) 前缀 :
(1) dis-:
disagree, dislike, disappear
(2) in-(il-, im-, ir-):
incorrect, impossible, irregular,
(3) un-:
unhappy, unable, unfit, (4) non-: nonstop, nonverbal ( 非语言的 ) (5) re-: rewrite, review
add letters to the beginning or
the end of a word.
2) 后缀 :
(1) 构成名词: -er, -ese, -ist, -ian,
-ment, -tion, -ness, -th.
buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician
agreement, collection, illness, truth(2) 构成形容词 : -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless(3) 构成动词 : -fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize(4) 构成副词 : -ly: badly(5) 构成数词 : -teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth
构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀 dis-, un-, in- 或 im-,
构成意思相反的词。1. agree _______ 2. complete _________3. healthy _________4. important ________5. able _______ 6. cover _________ 7. known _______ 8. practical ________
_9. tidy _______ 10. perfect _________11. visible _______ 12. fit _________
disagree incomplete
unhealthy unimportant
unable discover / uncoverunknown impractical
untidy imperfect
invisible unfit
Write out the original words.
unchangeable adj. _______ dislike v. __________ impossibility n. _________ unfriendly adj.__________overwork v. ______________ misunderstanding n. ____________athletic adj.______________ misread v. ________translator n. _____________
changelike
possiblefriend
Work understand
athleteread
translate
Do Ex. 3 on P37
Noun verb Adjective Adverbamusement amuse amusing amusingly
admit
imagine
settle
equip
attract
admission admitted
imagination imaginative imaginatively
settlement settled
equipment equipped
attraction attractive attractively
admittedly
• Conversion: change the part of speech of a word.• ( 1 ) a . Don’t draw the people buried .• b . The match is still in draw .• ( 2 ) a . Firefighters used some lifts to go up tall
buildings .• b . They have to lift the heavy stone to save the bo
y under the ruins .• ( 3 ) a . Open the door , please !• b . Keep the windows open , it's hot .• ( 4 ) a . Will you please clean the ruins ?• b . The scenic spot near Wenchuan is no longer ni
ce and clean .
• 1) 截头• telephone→phone • aeroplane→plane• omnibus→bus • 2) 去尾• mathematics→maths • co-operate→co-op• examination→exam • kilogram→kilo• laboratory→lab • taxicab→taxi• 3) 截头去尾• influenza→flu• refrigerator→fridge
次要的构词法:借助“截短法”、“缩短法”、“混合法”而形成的一些缩略词。
• 混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。
• news broadcast→newscast 新闻广播• television broadcast→telecast 电视播送• smoke and fog→smog 烟雾• Breakfast and lunch →brunch
• helicopter airport→heliport 直升飞机场
• 你是否对下列词语的缩略语形式耳熟能详?[次要的构词法:借助“截短法”、“缩短法”、“混合法”而形成的一些缩略词。如: the People‘s Republic of China—PRC ]
• ( 1 ) very important person_____ • ( 2 ) the United States of America_____ • ( 3 ) telephone_____ ( 4 ) bicycle_____ • ( 5 ) airplane_____ ( 6 ) television_____• ( 7 ) cannot_____ ( 8 ) photograph_____ • ( 9 ) laboratory_____ ( 10 ) popular_____ • ( 11 ) kilogram_____ ( 12 ) examination_____ • ( 13 ) physical education_____ • ( 14 ) will not_____ ( 15 ) number_____ • ( 16 ) mister_____ • ( 17 ) breakfast and lunch_____ • ( 18 ) mathematics_____ ( 19 ) refrigerator_____ • ( 20 ) zoological garden_____ • ( 21 ) programme________ ( 22 ) adjective_____