Word-formation 构词法

Derivation 派生法

Compound 合成法

Conversion 转化法

混成法、 截短法、词首字母缩略法

构词法知识

1. 合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner 空调 blood pressure 血压 income tax 所得税 credit card 信用卡 (2) adj + n central bank 中央银行 fast food 快餐 solar system 太阳系 remote control 遥控

Compound

(3) v-ing + 另一词 washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶执照 (4) 其他方式 by-product 副产品 editor-in-chief 主编2. 合成形容词 (1) 过去分词或带 ed 词尾的词构成。 absent-minded 心不在焉的 grey-haired 头发灰白的 (2) 动词的 ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering 长期受苦的 far-reaching 深远的 ( 影响 )

3. 合成动词及合成副词 water-ski 滑冰 overeat 吃得太多 baby-sit 看孩子

Compound word with

a hyphen

Compound word put

together

Compound words

separated

Merry-go-round

Life-size

Basketball, football,

Disneyland, Fantasyland

theme park,

Ferris wheel,

roller coaster

Find the compound nouns in thereading passage

Finish Ex. 2 on P 36

1. Make compound words after the models. A: part, long, passer, film, short, well, cold, baby, get, low, world B: by, known, time, maker, wave, famous, sitter,

term, together, lying, blooded Model: part + time = part-time

Practice

2. Fill in the blanks with the words above.

1) It’s a good idea to start a _________ job to make

extra money.

2) It’s necessary to use a __________

radio to pick up the program.

part-time

short-wave

3) Walt Disney, the great __________, was born in Chicago in 1901.

4) The Dead Sea is very _________, at around

395 meters below sea level.

5) We’re having a little ___________ to

celebrate his birthday.

6) They often perform in the streets for the

_________.

7) I’m sure you will be __________ soon.

low-lying

get-together

passers-by

well-known

film-maker

3. Make compound words after the models.

Model: bed + clothes = bedclothes

A: book, boy, sea, fire, over, under,

friend, sun, how, court, day, wide

B: mark, side, burnt, friend, light, yard, fighter,

fighter, ground, coat, ship, spread

4. Fill in the blanks with the words above.

1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the __________ could control it.2) At school she formed a close _________ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _______.

firefighters

friendship

seaside

5). Lucy enjoys travelling by ____________. That’s

how she goes to work every day.

6). The children are playing happily in the

_________.

underground

courtyard

4) He put on a hat and ________ before he went out.

overcoat

Derivation:

1) 前缀 :

(1) dis-:

disagree, dislike, disappear

(2) in-(il-, im-, ir-):

incorrect, impossible, irregular,

(3) un-:

unhappy, unable, unfit, (4) non-: nonstop, nonverbal ( 非语言的 ) (5) re-: rewrite, review

add letters to the beginning or

the end of a word.

2) 后缀 :

(1) 构成名词： -er, -ese, -ist, -ian,

-ment, -tion, -ness, -th.

buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician

agreement, collection, illness, truth(2) 构成形容词 : -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless(3) 构成动词 : -fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize(4) 构成副词 : -ly: badly(5) 构成数词 : -teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth

构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀 dis-, un-, in- 或 im-,

构成意思相反的词。1. agree _______ 2. complete _________3. healthy _________4. important ________5. able _______ 6. cover _________ 7. known _______ 8. practical ________

_9. tidy _______ 10. perfect _________11. visible _______ 12. fit _________

disagree incomplete

unhealthy unimportant

unable discover / uncoverunknown impractical

untidy imperfect

invisible unfit

Write out the original words.

unchangeable adj. _______ dislike v. __________ impossibility n. _________ unfriendly adj.__________overwork v. ______________ misunderstanding n. ____________athletic adj.______________ misread v. ________translator n. _____________

changelike

possiblefriend

Work understand

athleteread

translate

Do Ex. 3 on P37

Noun verb Adjective Adverbamusement amuse amusing amusingly

admit

imagine

settle

equip

attract

admission admitted

imagination imaginative imaginatively

settlement settled

equipment equipped

attraction attractive attractively

admittedly

• Conversion: change the part of speech of a word.• （ 1 ） a ． Don’t draw the people buried ．• b ． The match is still in draw ．• （ 2 ） a ． Firefighters used some lifts to go up tall

buildings ．• b ． They have to lift the heavy stone to save the bo

y under the ruins ．• （ 3 ） a ． Open the door ， please ！• b ． Keep the windows open ， it's hot ．• （ 4 ） a ． Will you please clean the ruins ？• b ． The scenic spot near Wenchuan is no longer ni

ce and clean ．

• 1) 截头• telephone→phone • aeroplane→plane• omnibus→bus • 2) 去尾• mathematics→maths • co-operate→co-op• examination→exam • kilogram→kilo• laboratory→lab • taxicab→taxi• 3) 截头去尾• influenza→flu• refrigerator→fridge

次要的构词法：借助“截短法”、“缩短法”、“混合法”而形成的一些缩略词。

• 混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。

• news broadcast→newscast 新闻广播• television broadcast→telecast 电视播送• smoke and fog→smog 烟雾• Breakfast and lunch →brunch

• helicopter airport→heliport 直升飞机场

• 你是否对下列词语的缩略语形式耳熟能详？［次要的构词法：借助“截短法”、“缩短法”、“混合法”而形成的一些缩略词。如： the People‘s Republic of China—PRC ］

• （ 1 ） very important person_____ • （ 2 ） the United States of America_____ • （ 3 ） telephone_____ （ 4 ） bicycle_____ • （ 5 ） airplane_____ （ 6 ） television_____• （ 7 ） cannot_____ （ 8 ） photograph_____ • （ 9 ） laboratory_____ （ 10 ） popular_____ • （ 11 ） kilogram_____ （ 12 ） examination_____ • （ 13 ） physical education_____ • （ 14 ） will not_____ （ 15 ） number_____ • （ 16 ） mister_____ • （ 17 ） breakfast and lunch_____ • （ 18 ） mathematics_____ （ 19 ） refrigerator_____ • （ 20 ） zoological garden_____ • （ 21 ） programme________ （ 22 ） adjective_____