有教有類 ?菁英教育與平等教育的拔河

流程• 引言 ( 沒錯，就是現在 )• 第一階段討論• 休息十分鐘• 第二階段討論• 上台發表

流程• 引言 ( 沒錯，就是現在 )• 第一階段討論• 休息十分鐘• 第二階段討論• 上台發表

Equality vs. Elitism

• Educational equity, is a measure of achievement, fairness, and opportunity in education. • Fairness• Inclusion

• Elitism is the belief or attitude that some individuals who form an elite are those whose influence or authority is greater than that of others

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)

OECD15-year-old kidsMathematics, Science, and Reading. First performed in 2000 Repeated every three yearsMeasures problem solving and cognition in daily life.

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)

Four countries

• Finland• Germany• United States• Singapore

Four countries

Singapore

FinlandUnited States Germany

What about Taiwan ??

Government Expenditure on Education

• Finland : 15 billions ( 7.2% of it’s GDP)• Germany 168 billions(4.8% of it’s GDP)• United States 880 billions (5.3% of it’s GDP)• Singapore 12 billions (3% of it’s GDP)• Taiwan 26 billions (5% of our GDP )

M-Shaped Education in Taiwan

M-Shaped Education in Taiwan

•Finaland’s experience shows that it is possible to achieve excellence by focusing not on competition, but on cooperation, not on choice, but on equity.

---Pasi Sahlberg

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AA

AA

BB

BB

CC

CC

DD

DD

流程• 引言 ( 沒錯，就是現在 )• 第一階段討論• 休息十分鐘• 第二階段討論• 上台發表

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A AA AB B B B

C C C CDDD D

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