1

2103

393

Lect

ure

Not

es

2103

393

ME

Lab

Non

ME,

Sec

tion

4Se

cond

Sem

este

r, A

cade

mic

Yea

r 255

4D

epar

tmen

t of M

echa

nica

l Eng

inee

ring

Chu

lalo

ngko

rn U

nive

rsity

Intr

oduc

tion

21

0339

3 M

E La

b N

on M

E Se

ctio

n 4

D

r Kun

tinee

Man

eera

tana

(KM

N) 9

05/E

ng4

To

pic

Ev

alua

tion

R

epor

t

401

Flow

thro

ugh

a Ve

ntur

i

406

Ref

riger

atio

n

2

40

5 Ai

r com

pres

sor

Ove

rall

Obj

ectiv

es

Intro

duct

ion

to M

E te

sts

Ex

perim

ents

Expe

rimen

ts

For d

isco

very

D

evel

opm

ent

Te

stin

g

Ei

tf

Qlit

Ct

l&P

dtT

ti

3

Exp

erim

ents

for Q

ualit

y C

ontro

l & P

rodu

ct T

estin

g

Eval

uatio

n

Dur

ing

expe

rimen

tsLa

b In

stru

ctor

G

raph

of r

esul

t sum

mar

y15

%G

apo

esu

tsu

ay

5%

Subm

it to

KM

N b

y th

e en

d of

eac

h la

b

Fu

ll gr

oup

repo

rt (1

wee

k la

ter)

85%

Eq

uipm

ent t

estin

g te

chni

cal r

epor

t

Subm

it to

sup

ervi

sors

(ass

ume

to k

now

eng

inee

ring 4

fund

amen

tals

)

2

Eval

uatio

n: R

epor

t

Abst

ract

10

Intro

duct

ion

5

Theo

ry5

Theo

ry5

Eq

uipm

ent &

pro

cedu

res

15

Res

ults

25

Dis

cuss

ion

10

Con

clus

ions

5

Appe

ndix

5

Ap

pend

ices

W

ork

decl

arat

ion

by e

ach

mem

ber

C

heck

list

10

No

mor

e th

an 7

pag

es, e

xclu

ding

app

endi

ces

Rep

ort:

Gui

delin

e &

Che

ck L

ist

M

IT W

ritin

g C

oope

rativ

e Te

chni

cal R

epor

t Che

cklis

t

MIT

Rep

ort W

ritin

g G

uide

lines

6

Rep

ort:

Equi

pmen

t & In

stru

men

ts

Equi

pmen

t

Rou

gh s

peci

ficat

ion

In

stru

men

ts

Mea

sure

d qu

antit

y (T

empe

ratu

re T

1)

Ran

ge (1

0 –

50 °

C)

R

esol

utio

n (1

°C

)

7

401

FLO

W T

HR

OU

GH

A V

ENTU

RI

2103

393

ME

Lab

Non

ME,

Sec

tion

4 &

7Se

cond

Sem

este

r, A

cade

mic

Yea

r 255

3D

epar

tmen

t of M

echa

nica

l Eng

inee

ring

Chu

lalo

ngko

rn U

nive

rsity

3

Theo

ry:

Flow

Met

ers

C

orio

lis

Exci

tatio

n fo

rce

caus

es th

e tu

be to

twis

t due

to

corio

lis a

ccel

erat

ion

9

Theo

ry:

Flow

Met

ers

M

agne

tic

Cha

nges

of i

nduc

ed v

olta

ge o

f the

con

duct

ive

fluid 10

Theo

ry:

Flow

Met

ers

Po

sitiv

e di

spla

cem

ent

R

otat

ing

impe

ller

N

utat

ing

disc

R

otat

ing

valv

e

Osc

illat

ing

pist

on

11

O

val g

ear

R

otat

ing

lobe

B

iroto

r

Theo

ry:

Flow

Met

ers

…

Targ

et

Mea

surin

g dr

ag fo

rces

on

the

targ

et

12

4

Theo

ry:

Flow

Met

ers

D

iffer

entia

l pre

ssur

e

Fl

ow n

ozzl

eFl

ow n

ozzl

e

O

rific

e

13

Ve

ntur

i

Theo

ry: P

ress

ure

Diff

eren

ces

1

1

11

22

2

22

11

11

12

22

22

22

22

21

21

21

22

21

12

21

Con

tinui

ty e

qn

11

Ber

noul

li eq

n2

21

11

, ,

1(

)2

22

1 2m

Au

Au

Pu

gzP

ugz

Az

zP

Pu

uu

A

14

1/2

1/2

22

22

21

21

2Fl

ow ra

te1

()

()

Act

ural

fl

AQ

Au

AP

PA

1/2

1/2

22

21

21

2ow

1(

)(

)d

AQ

CA

PP

A

Theo

ry: Q

–P

Rel

atio

nshi

p

12

1/2

4

12

12 1

2

2

2

1

()

(/

)d

HH

Ag

CQ yP

Pg

DDH

mx

H

c

15

y

Test

Rig

16

5

Obj

ectiv

es

Offi

cial

To

und

erst

and

a m

etho

d of

flow

mea

sure

men

ts

To o

btai

n th

e va

lue

of Cd

for a

ven

turi

To o

btai

n th

e va

lue

of Cd

for a

ven

turi

Te

chni

cal R

epor

t

Cal

ibra

te th

e m

eter

W

hat i

s w

ante

d fro

m th

e re

port

17

D

eter

min

e Cd

R

ange

of f

low

rate

that

you

can

con

fiden

tly u

se th

e Cd

to m

easu

re fl

ow ra

te.

406

REF

RIG

ERA

TIO

N

2103

393

ME

Lab

Non

ME,

Sec

tion

4 &

7Se

cond

Sem

este

r, A

cade

mic

Yea

r 255

3D

epar

tmen

t of M

echa

nica

l Eng

inee

ring

Chu

lalo

ngko

rn U

nive

rsity

Pres

enta

tion

Tr

ane

Pow

erpo

int

R

efrig

erat

ion

cycl

e

Ref

riger

atio

n co

mpo

nent

sR

efrig

erat

ion

com

pone

nts

19

Theo

ry: C

ycle

C

com

pres

soco

mpr

esso

rr

cond

ense

rco

nden

ser

expa

nsio

n ex

pans

ion

devi

cede

vice

disc

harg

edi

scha

rge

line

line

liqui

dliq

uid

line

line

B

C

20

evap

orat

orev

apor

ator

suct

ion

suct

ion

line

line

A

D

6

Theo

ry: S

tatu

s

highT

highP

high

T, h

igh P

St

td/

bl

expa

nsion

expa

nsion

devic

ede

vice

cond

ense

rco

nden

ser

comp

ress

orco

mpre

ssor

pressure pressure

DG

E

F12

112

1..55°°FF

[[4949..77°°

C]C]

high

T, h

igh P

supe

rhea

t vap

our

Satu

rate

d/su

bcoo

lliq

uid

21en

thalpy

entha

lpy

evap

orato

rev

apor

ator

4141..22°°

FF[[55..

11°°C]C]

CB

Alo

w T

, low

PSa

tura

ted/

supe

rhea

tva

pour

low

T, l

ow P

liqui

d+va

pour

Theo

ry: F

orm

ula

2

Ene

rgy

eqn

v

cons

t2 kine

tic

pot

entia

l e

ntha

lpy

hea

t w

ork

cons

t

fluid

vel

ocity

altit

ude

vgz

hQ

W

v z

22

en

thal

pyhe

at e

nter

ing

the

syst

emw

ork

leav

ing

the

syst

em

hU

PV

Q W

Theo

ry: F

orm

ula

Com

pres

sion

pro

cess

12

Hea

t 0

(Isot

ropi

c)W

ork

(ve

wor

ken

terin

g)Q W

hh

12

32

34

Wor

k

(ve

wor

k en

terin

g)C

onde

nsat

ion

proc

ess

23

Hea

t(

ve h

eat o

ut)

Wor

k0

Exp

ansi

on p

roce

ss 3

4,

Hea

t0

Wh

h

Qh

hW

hh

Q

23

Hea

t0

Wor

k0

Eva

pora

tion

proc

ess

41

Hea

t

Q W

1

4(re

frige

ratin

g ef

fect

)W

ork

0Q

hh

W

Theo

ry: F

orm

ula

refri

gera

ting

effe

ctw

hat y

ou g

etC

OP

wor

k do

new

hat y

ou lo

ss

1

4

21

CO

Ph

hh

h

24

7

Test

Rig

25

Obj

ectiv

es

Offi

cial

D

eter

min

e by

qua

ntita

tive

mea

sure

men

t how

wel

l th

e m

athe

mat

ical

mod

els

(theo

retic

al e

quat

ions

) of

the

com

pres

sor

cond

ense

rev

apor

ator

repr

esen

tth

e co

mpr

esso

r, co

nden

ser,

evap

orat

or re

pres

ent

wha

t act

ually

hap

pens

. Dra

w th

e ac

tual

cyc

le o

n th

e P

–h

diag

ram

. Com

pute

the

coef

ficie

nt o

f pe

rform

ance

CO

P.

Te

chni

cal R

epor

t

Eval

uate

the

perfo

rman

ces

ofth

ere

frige

ratio

ncy

cle 26

Ev

alua

te th

e pe

rform

ance

s of

the

refri

gera

tion

cycl

e an

d co

mpo

nent

s

W

hat i

s w

ante

d fro

m th

e re

port

P

–h

diag

ram

C

OP

405

AIR

CO

MPR

ESSO

R

2103

393

ME

Lab

Non

ME,

Sec

tion

4 &

7Se

cond

Sem

este

r, A

cade

mic

Yea

r 255

3D

epar

tmen

t of M

echa

nica

l Eng

inee

ring

Chu

lalo

ngko

rn U

nive

rsity

Theo

ry:

Sing

le S

trok

e C

ompr

esso

r

http

://w

ww

.tpub

.com

/con

tent

/doe

/h10

18v2

/css

/h10

18v2

_85.

htm

28

8

Theo

ry:

Indi

cato

r

http

://w

ww

.old

engi

ne.o

rg/m

embe

rs/d

iese

l/Ind

icat

or1.

htm

29

Theo

ry:

Indi

cato

r

http

://w

ww

.old

engi

ne.o

rg/m

embe

rs/d

iese

l/Ind

icat

or1.

htm

30

Theo

ry:

Pola

r Pla

nim

eter

ht

tp://

reck

onsu

rvey

ing.

com

/pag

e8-1

0.ht

ml

31

Test

Rig

32

9

Obj

ectiv

es

Offi

cial

To

lear

n ho

w to

mak

e m

easu

rem

ents

of i

ndic

ated

ho

rsep

ower

(Ihp

) and

bra

ke h

orse

pow

er (B

hp)

ff

To

inve

stig

ate

the

perfo

rman

ce o

f a s

ingl

e st

age,

re

cipr

ocat

ing

air c

ompr

esso

r und

er c

ondi

tions

of

cons

tant

spe

ed

Te

chni

cal R

epor

t

Eval

uate

the

perfo

rman

ces

of th

e ai

r com

pres

sor

33

W

hat i

s w

ante

d fro

m th

e re

port

Bh

p &

Ihp

–pr

essu

re ra

tio a

t a c

onst

ant s

peed

M

echa

nica

l effi

cien

cy –

pres

sure

ratio

at c

onst

ant

spee

d