피뢰시스템 설계지침(안) - thehanyang.co.kr 설계기준에 대한 상세 지침서로써...
TRANSCRIPT
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피뢰시스템 설계지침(안)
2013. 7
국 토 교 통 부
대한전기협회
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피뢰시스템 설계지침 안 에 대하여
이 지침 안 은 국토해양부에서 시행한 건설교통기술개발사업 중 정
책인프라 사업의 성능평가기능을 갖춘 건축설비 기계・전기 설계기준 개발 사업의 일환으로 작성된 안 으로써 연구가 계속 진행 중입니다
이 지침 안 은 확정된 것이 아니며 공청회 등을 거쳐 관계 전문가의 의
견을 수렴하고 이를 토대로 수정 보완할 예정이므로 내용이 달라질 수 있
음을 양지하시기 바랍니다
이 지침 안 의 내용 중에 개선이나 보완에 대한 고견은 대한전기협회 기
술기준처 전화 로 보내 주시기 바랍니다
감사합니다
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지침(안) 활용에 대한 주의
이 지침(안)은 건축전기설비설계기준으로 제정될 피뢰설비
설계기준에 대한 상세 지침서로써 피뢰시스템(LPS) 및 전기
전자시스템 보호(SPM)에 관하여 IEC 62305-3,4(2010)를
근간으로 국제표준과 부합하는 하위기준으로 작성된 (안)으
로서 공식문서가 아닙니다.
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목 차
제Ⅰ장 총칙 ································································································································ 1
1 일반사항 ·································································································································· 1
1.1 목 적 ····································································································································· 1
1.2 뇌격으로 인한 피해 ··········································································································· 1
1.4 피뢰설비 설치대상 건축물 등 ························································································· 2
1.5 인용표준 ······························································································································· 2
2 종합적인 피뢰시스템의 설계 ······························································································ 3
2.1 보호레벨의 선정 ················································································································· 3
2.2 리스크관리 ··························································································································· 4
2.2.1 리스크 평가대상 ·············································································································· 4
2.2.2 허용리스크의 일반적인 값 ···························································································· 4
2.2.3 리스크평가 ························································································································ 5
2.3 피뢰시스템(LPS) ·················································································································· 5
2.3.1 외부피뢰시스템 ················································································································ 5
2.3.2 내부피뢰시스템 ················································································································ 5
2.4 구조물 내부의 전기전자시스템 보호(SPM) ·································································· 6
제Ⅱ장 구조물의 물리적 손상 및 인명 위험 ······································································ 7
1 적용범위 ·································································································································· 7
2 인용표준 ·································································································································· 7
3 용어와 정의 ···························································································································· 8
4 피뢰시스템 LPS (Lightning protection system) ························································· 10
4.1 피뢰시스템의 등급 ·········································································································· 10
4.2 피뢰시스템의 설계 ·········································································································· 11
4.3 철근콘크리트 구조물에서 강제 철골조의 전기적 연속성 ······································· 13
4.4 위험한 불꽃방전의 억제를 위한 인입케이블 차폐선의 최소단면적 ····················· 13
4.5 이격거리 s의 평가 ··········································································································· 14
4.6 폭발성 위험이 있는 구조물의 피뢰시스템 ································································ 20
4.6.1 추가 용어와 정의 ········································································································· 20
4.6.2 기본 요구사항 ··············································································································· 21
4.6.2.1 일반사항 ······················································································································ 21
4.6.2.2 요구 정보 ···················································································································· 21
4.6.2.3 접지 ······························································································································ 21
4.6.2.4 등전위본딩 ·················································································································· 21
4.6.3 고체 폭발성 물질을 저장하는 구조물 ····································································· 21
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4.6.4 위험지역을 포함하는 구조물 ····················································································· 22
4.6.4.1 일반사항 ······················································································································ 22
4.6.4.2 구역 2와 22를 포함하는 구조물 ············································································ 23
4.6.4.3 구역 1과 21을 포함하는 구조물 ············································································ 23
4.6.4.4 구역 0과 20을 포함하는 구조물 ············································································ 23
4.6.4.5 특수한 적용 ················································································································ 23
4.6.5 유지관리 및 검사 ········································································································· 25
4.6.5.1 일반사항 ······················································································································ 25
4.6.5.2 품질 ······························································································································ 25
4.6.5.3 검사 요구사항 ············································································································ 25
4.6.5.4 접지저항 시험방법 ···································································································· 25
4.6.5.5 서지보호 ······················································································································ 25
4.6.5.6 수리 및 기록물 관리 ································································································ 26
5 외부피뢰시스템 ···················································································································· 26
5.1 일반사항 ···························································································································· 26
5.1.1 외부피뢰시스템의 적용 ······························································································· 26
5.1.2 외부피뢰시스템의 선정 ······························································································· 26
5.1.3 분리되지 않은 피뢰시스템 ························································································· 27
5.1.4 분리된 피뢰시스템 ······································································································· 27
5.1.5 한쪽이 고정된 부위를 갖는 구조물 ······································································· 28
5.1.6 자연적 구성부재의 이용 ····························································································· 29
5.2 수뢰부시스템 ···················································································································· 30
5.2.1 일반사항 ························································································································· 30
5.2.2 수뢰부의 배치 ··············································································································· 30
5.2.2.1 보호각법을 이용한 수뢰부시스템의 배치 ···························································· 31
5.2.2.2 회전구체법을 이용한 수뢰부시스템의 배치 ························································ 36
5.2.2.3 메시법을 이용한 수뢰부시스템의 배치 ································································ 36
5.2.3 높은 구조물의 측면 낙뢰에 대한 수뢰부시스템 ··················································· 37
5.2.3.1 높이 60m 미만 구조물 ···························································································· 37
5.2.3.2 높이 60m 이상 구조물 ···························································································· 37
5.2.4 시설 ································································································································· 38
5.2.5 자연적 구성부재 ··········································································································· 38
5.3 인하도선시스템 ················································································································ 46
5.3.1 일반사항 ························································································································· 46
5.3.2 분리된 피뢰시스템의 배치 ························································································· 46
5.3.3 분리되지 않은 피뢰시스템의 배치 ··········································································· 47
5.3.4 시설 ································································································································· 47
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5.3.5 자연적 구성부재 ··········································································································· 49
5.3.6 시험용 접속점 ··············································································································· 50
5.4 접지극시스템 ···················································································································· 50
5.4.1 일반사항 ························································································································· 50
5.4.2 일반조건에서 접지극 배열 ························································································· 50
5.4.2.1 A형 접지극 배열 ········································································································ 50
5.4.2.2 B형 접지극 배열 ········································································································ 51
5.4.3 접지극의 설치 ··············································································································· 52
5.4.4 자연적 구성부재의 접지극 ························································································· 56
5.5 피뢰시스템용 부품 ·········································································································· 56
5.5.1 고정 ································································································································· 56
5.5.2 접속 ································································································································· 56
5.6.1. 일반사항 ······················································································································· 57
5.6.2. 콘크리트 내 보강재의 이용 ··················································································· 59
5.6.3. 철근 등 보강봉의 접속 ······························································································· 59
5.6.3.1 용접 또는 죔쇠접속 ···························································································· 59
5.6.3.2 동여매기접속 ·········································································································· 62
5.6.3.3 외부회로와의 접속 ································································································ 62
5.6.4 전기적 접속능률 시험 ································································································· 64
5.6.5 재료 ································································································································· 64
5.6.6 부식 ································································································································· 67
5.6.7 인하도선 ························································································································· 67
5.6.8 등전위화 ························································································································· 70
5.6.9 기초접지 ························································································································· 71
5.6.10 시공절차 ······················································································································· 72
5.6.10.1 조립식 철근콘크리트 ·························································································· 73
5.6.10.2 팽창접속 ···················································································································· 73
5.7 재료 및 치수 ···················································································································· 75
5.7.1 재료 ································································································································· 75
5.7.2 치수 ······························································································································· 75
5.8 접촉전압과 보폭전압에 의한 인축의 상해에 대한 보호대책 ································· 75
5.8.1 접촉전압에 대한 보호대책 ························································································· 75
5.8.2 보폭전압에 대한 보호대책 ························································································· 78
6 내부피뢰시스템 ···················································································································· 78
6.1 일반사항 ···························································································································· 78
6.2 피뢰등전위본딩 ················································································································ 78
6.2.1 일반사항 ························································································································· 78
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6.2.2 금속제 설비에 대한 피뢰등전위본딩 ······································································· 79
6.2.3 외부 도전부에 피뢰등전위본딩 ················································································· 80
6.2.4 내부시스템에 대한 피뢰등전위본딩 ········································································· 81
6.2.5 피보호 구조물에 접속된 선로에 대한 피뢰등전위본딩 ······································· 81
6.3 외부피뢰시스템의 전기적 절연 ···················································································· 82
6.3.1 일반사항 ························································································································· 82
6.3.2 단순 접근 ······················································································································· 83
6.3.3 상세 접근 ······················································································································· 84
7 피뢰시스템의 유지관리 및 검사 ······················································································ 84
7.1 검사범위 ························································································································ 84
7.2 검사 순서 ···················································································································· 86
7.2.1 검사 절차 ····················································································································· 86
7.2.2 기술적 문서기록의 점검 ························································································· 86
7.2.3 육안 검사 ··················································································································· 86
7.2.4 시험 ································································································································· 86
7.2.5 검사 기록 ······················································································································· 87
7.3 유지관리 ···························································································································· 88
7.3.1 일반 주의사항 ··········································································································· 88
7.3.2 유지관리 절차 ··········································································································· 88
7.3.3 유지관리 문서 ············································································································· 89
제Ⅲ장 구조물 외부에 설치된 전기설비 보호 ·································································· 90
1 적용범위 ································································································································ 90
2 피뢰시스템의 시설 ·············································································································· 90
3 보호범위의 결정 ·················································································································· 91
3.1 KS C IEC 61936-1에 의한 방법 ················································································· 91
3.1.1 일반사항 ························································································································· 91
3.1.2 차폐선 (shield wires) ··································································································· 91
3.1.3 돌침형 수뢰부 ··············································································································· 92
3.2 IEEE 998 표준에 의한 방법 ························································································· 93
3.2.1 보호각법 ························································································································· 93
3.2.2 회전구체법 ····················································································································· 93
3.2.2.1 수뢰부시스템의 보호반경의 산정 ······································································ 93
3.2.2.2 허용뇌전류 ·················································································································· 95
3.2.2.3 뇌격거리 ······················································································································ 96
3.2.2.4 회전구체법에 의한 보호범위의 산정 ···································································· 96
Ⅳ 태양광발전설비의 피뢰시스템 ························································································ 98
1 적용범위 ································································································································ 98
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2 낙뢰에 의한 전자기영향에 대한 대책 ············································································ 98
2.1 직격뢰에 대한 보호 ········································································································ 98
2.1.1 외부 피뢰시스템 ··········································································································· 98
2.1.2 내부 피뢰시스템 ··········································································································· 98
2.2 전자기방해원에 대한 보호 ···························································································· 98
제Ⅴ장 구조물 내부의 전기전자시스템 ············································································ 102
1 일반사항 ····························································································································· 102
1.1 적용범위 ·························································································································· 102
1.2 인용표준 ·························································································································· 102
1.3 용어 ·································································································································· 103
2 SPM의 설계 및 시공 ······································································································· 105
2.1 일반사항 ·························································································································· 105
2.2 SPM의 설계 ···················································································································· 108
2.3 피뢰구역 (LPZ) - 기술 위치 재검토 필요-앞으로 배치? ······································ 109
2.4 기본 SPM ························································································································ 113
3.1 일반사항 및 점검표 ······································································································ 114
3.1.1 일반사항 ······················································································································· 114
3.1.2 점검표 ··························································································································· 114
3.2 기존 구조물의 SPM 설계 ···························································································· 116
3.2.1 LPZ 1을 위한 기본 보호대책의 설계 ··································································· 116
3.2.2 LPZ 2을 위한 기본 보호대책의 설계 ··································································· 116
3.2.3 LPZ 3을 위한 기본 보호대책의 설계 ··································································· 117
3.3 협조된 SPD 시스템의 설치 ························································································· 117
3.4 전기전자시스템에 대한 LPZ의 설정 ········································································ 118
3.5 본딩망을 이용한 보호 ·································································································· 121
3.5.1 본딩망을 이용한 보호 ······························································································· 121
3.5.2 서지보호장치에 의한 보호 ······················································································· 121
3.5.3 절연인터페이스에 의한 보호 ················································································· 121
3.5.4 선로경로와 차폐에 의한 보호대책 ········································································· 122
3.6 외부에 설치된 기기의 보호대책 ················································································ 124
3.6.1 일반사항 ······················································································································· 124
3.6.2 외부 기기의 보호 ······································································································· 124
3.6.3 케이블에서 과전압의 감소 ······················································································· 125
3.7 구조물 사이 상호접속의 개선 ···················································································· 126
3.7.1 일반사항 ······················································································································· 126
3.7.2 절연선 ··························································································································· 126
3.7.3 금속선 ··························································································································· 127
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3.8 기존 구조물 내부에 새로운 내부시스템의 통합 ···················································· 127
3.9 가능한 보호대책의 개요 ······························································································ 128
3.9.1 전원 ······························································································································· 128
3.9.2 서지보호장치 ··············································································································· 129
3.9.3 절연인터페이스 ··········································································································· 129
3.9.4 선로경로와 차폐물 ····································································································· 129
3.9.5 공간차폐물 ··················································································································· 129
3.9.6 본딩 ······························································································································· 129
3.9.7 구조물 내부의 전력선과 케이블 설비의 향상 ····················································· 130
4.1 일반사항 ·························································································································· 130
4.2 접지극시스템 ·················································································································· 131
4.3 본딩망 ······························································································································ 132
4.4 본딩 바 ···························································································································· 135
4.5 LPZ 경계에서 본딩 ········································································································ 136
4.6 본딩 부품의 재료와 치수 ···························································································· 136
5.1 일반사항 ·························································································································· 137
5.2 공간차폐물 ······················································································································ 137
5.3 내부선로의 차폐 ············································································································ 138
5.4 내부선로의 경로 ············································································································ 138
5.5 외부선로의 차폐 ············································································································ 138
5.6 자기차폐물의 재료 및 치수 ························································································ 138
6.1 일반사항 ·························································································································· 139
6.2 협조된 SPD 시스템의 선택과 설치 ··········································································· 139
6.2.1 서문 ······························································································································· 139
6.2.2 SPD의 선택 ·················································································································· 140
6.2.2.1 전압보호레벨에 관한 선택 ·················································································· 140
6.2.2.2 위치 및 방전전류에 관한 선택 ············································································ 143
6.2.3 협조된 SPD 시스템의 설치 ······················································································ 144
6.2.3.1 일반사항 ···················································································································· 144
6.2.3.2 SPD의 설치위치 ······································································································· 144
6.2.3.3 접속도체 ···················································································································· 144
6.2.3.4 SPD의 협조 ··············································································································· 145
6.2.3.5 협조된 SPD 시스템의 설치 과정 ········································································· 145
6.3 SPD 선택시 고려할 사항 ····························································································· 145
6.3.1 서문 ······························································································································· 145
6.3.2 SPD가 경험한 스트레스를 결정하는 사항 ···························································· 146
6.3.3 SPD에 통계적인 위험 레벨의 계량화 ···································································· 147
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6.3.3.1 일반사항 ···················································································································· 147
6.3.3.2 전류분배에 영향을 주는 설치 사항 ···································································· 148
6.3.3.3 SPD 정격의 선택시 고려사항 ············································································· 149
7 절연인터페이스 ················································································································· 150
8 SPM 관리 ··························································································································· 150
8.1 일반사항 ·························································································································· 150
8.2 SPM 관리계획 ················································································································ 151
8.3 SPM의 검사 ···················································································································· 152
8.3.1 일반사항 ······················································································································· 152
8.3.2 검사 절차 ····················································································································· 152
8.3.2.1 기술문서의 점검 ······································································································ 152
8.3.2.2 육안검사 ···················································································································· 153
8.3.2.3 측정 ···························································································································· 153
8.3.3 검사 문서 ····················································································································· 153
8.3.4 유지관리 ······················································································································· 153
부속서 A 외부피뢰시스템 ································································································· 154
A1 수뢰부시스템 ··················································································································· 154
A1.1 보호각법 ···················································································································· 155
A1.2 회전구체법 ················································································································ 160
A1.3 메시법 ···························································································································· 163
A1.4 높은 구조물의 측뢰에 대한 수뢰부 ········································································ 165
A1.5 시설 ······························································································································ 165
A1.5.1 일반 사항 ··················································································································· 165
A1.5.2 분리되지 않은 수뢰장치 ····················································································· 165
A1.5.2.1 다층 주차장 지붕에 시설하는 피뢰설비 ······················································ 171
A1.5.2.2 일반인이 접근할 수 없는 평평한 지붕의 강재 보강콘크리트 구조물 ······ 173
A1.5.2.3 적절한 구조물 차폐 시설 ···················································································· 174
A1.5.2.4 매입되거나 돌출된 지붕 설비의 보호 ·························································· 174
A1.5.2.5 전기 또는 정보처리 기기가 내장된 지붕 설비의 보호 ·························· 175
A1.5.2.6 보호공간에서 돌출된 전기설비 ······································································ 176
A1.5.2.7 지붕 위 도전성 부분의 보호 ·············································································· 178
A1.5.2.8 흙으로 덮힌 구조물의 보호 ················································································ 179
A1.5.3 자연적 구성부재 ··································································································· 180
A1.6 분리된 수뢰부시스템 ·································································································· 182
A2 인하도선시스템 ··············································································································· 182
A2.1 일반사항 ···················································································································· 182
A2.2 분리되지 않은 피뢰시스템의 인하도선 수 ···························································· 183
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A2.3 시공 ································································································································ 184
A2.3.1 일반사항 ················································································································· 184
A2.3.2 분리되지 않은 인하도선 ····················································································· 187
A2.4 자연적 구성부재 ········································································································ 187
A2.5 시험용 접속점 ·········································································································· 188
A3 접지극시스템 ··············································································································· 190
A3.1 일반사항 ························································································································ 190
A3.2 접지극 배열의 유형 ································································································ 190
A3.2.1 A형 접지극 배열 ······································································································ 190
A3.2.2 B형 접지극 배열 ···································································································· 191
A3.3 시설 ································································································································ 191
A3.3.1 일반 사항 ················································································································· 191
A3.3.2 기초접지극 ················································································································· 191
A3.3.3. A형 방사형 접지극과 수직 접지극 ································································· 194
A3.3.4 B형 환상 접지극 ······································································································ 195
A3.3.5 바위투성이인 토양 내에 접지극 ······································································· 196
A3.3.6 넓은 면적의 접지극시스템 ··············································································· 196
A4 재료 및 치수 ··················································································································· 198
A4.1 기계적 설계 ·············································································································· 198
A4.2 부식방지 ························································································································ 198
A4.2.1 지중과 대기 중의 금속 ··························································································· 198
A4.2.2 콘크리트 내의 금속 ····························································································· 201
부속서 B 내부피뢰시스템 ··································································································· 202
B1 일반 사항 ······················································································································· 202
B2 피뢰등전위본딩 ··············································································································· 202
B2.1 일반사항 ························································································································ 202
B2.1.1 본딩도체 ················································································································· 202
B2.1.2 서지보호장치 ········································································································· 202
B2.2 내부 도전성 부분의 등전위본딩 ·············································································· 203
B3 외부피뢰설비의 전기절연 ····························································································· 207
B4 내부시스템에서 유도전류의 영향에 대한 보호 ····················································· 209
부속서 C LPZ에서 전자계 환경의 평가에 대한 기초 ··················································· 210
C1 낙뢰에 기인되는 전기전자시스템에 대한 손상 영향 ············································· 210
C1.1 손상 원인 ······················································································································ 210
C1.2 손상 대상물 ·················································································································· 210
C2 공간차폐 및 선로경로와 선로차폐 ············································································· 211
C2.1 일반사항 ························································································································ 211
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C2.2 격자형 공간차폐물 ······································································································ 214
C2.3 선로경로와 선로차폐 ·································································································· 217
C3 LPZ내부의 자계에 대한 계산 ······················································································ 219
C3.1 직격뢰의 경우 LPZ 1의 격자형 공간차폐물 ························································· 219
C3.2 근처 뇌격의 경우 LPZ 1의 격자형 공간차폐물 ··················································· 222
C3.3 LPZ 2와 더 높은 구역의 격자형 공간차폐물 ······················································· 226
C4 직격뢰에 의한 자계의 이론적 평가 ··········································································· 227
C5 직격뢰에 의한 자계의 실험적 평가 ··········································································· 229
부속서 D LPZ 내부의 자계 ································································································ 231
D1 일반사항 ·························································································································· 231
D2 직격뢰의 경우 LPZ 1 내부의 상태 ············································································ 231
D3 근처 뇌격의 경우 LPZ 1 내부의 상태 ······································································ 233
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제Ⅰ장 총칙
1 일반사항
1.1 목 적
이 기준은 건축법시행령 제87조제2항에 따라 낙뢰의 우려가 있는 건축물, 높이
20미터 이상의 건축물 또는 건축법시행령 제118조제1항에 따른 공작물로서 높이
20미터 이상의 공작물(건축물에 영 제118조제1항에 따른 공작물을 설치하여 그
전체 높이가 20미터 이상인 것을 포함한다)에 건축물의 설비기준 등에 관한 규칙
제20조(피뢰설비)에 따라 설치하는 피뢰설비의 설계에 관한사항을 규정한 설계기
준에 따라 상세사항을 지침으로 제공함을 목적으로 한다.
1.2 뇌격으로 인한 피해
1) 뇌격으로 인한 피해는 건축물 뇌격(S1), 건축물 근처의 뇌격(S2), 건축물에 접
속된 선로 뇌격(S3) 및 건축물에 접속된 선로 근처 뇌격(S4)의 4가지 뇌격점
위치에 따라 다르며, 전기적, 전자적(電磁的) 결합으로 인한 화재, 폭발, 감전
및 내부시스템의 고장이나 오동작이 발생한다.
2) 뇌보호시스템의 설계는 4가지 뇌격점 위치에 따라 발생할 수 있는 피해에 대해
대책을 수립하여 뇌로 인한 피해를 방지하는 것이다.
표 1.1 뇌격시 전기적・전자적 결합작용
과도현상 발생원
건축물 뇌격(S1)
건축물 근처의 뇌격
(S2)
건축물에 접속된 선로
뇌격(S3)
건축물에 접속된 선로 근처 뇌격
(S4)
결합작용 저항성 유도성 유도성 저항성 유도성
전압파형(㎲) - 1.2/50 1.2/50 - 10/700
전류파형(㎲) 10/350 8/20 -10/350
(10/250)5/350
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1.3 적용 범위
1) 이 기준은 건축법에 적용을 받는 건축물로써 피뢰설비를 설치하여야 하는 건축
물에 적용하며, 용어는 한국산업표준 KS C IEC 62305, 피뢰시스템 설계편람,
피뢰시스템 설계지침 및 관련 표준의 용어를 따른다.
2) 다음의 시설은 이 지침의 범위에서 제외한다.
(1) 철도시스템
(2) 자동차, 선박, 항공, 항만시설
(3) 지중고압관로
(4) 건축물 외부에 위치한 배관, 전력선 및 통신선
1.4 피뢰설비 설치대상 건축물 등
낙뢰의 우려가 있는 건축물, 높이 20미터 이상의 건축물 또는 다음 가호의 높이
20미터 이상의 공작물(건축물에 다음 각호에 따른 공작물을 설치하여 그 전체 높
이가 20미터 이상인 것을 포함한다)에는 피뢰설비를 설치하여야 한다.
1) 높이 6미터를 넘는 굴뚝
2) 높이 6미터를 넘는 장식탑, 기념탑, 그 밖에 이와 비슷한 것
3) 높이 4미터를 넘는 광고탑, 광고판, 그 밖에 이와 비슷한 것
4) 높이 8미터를 넘는 고가수조나 그 밖에 이와 비슷한 것
5) 높이 2미터를 넘는 옹벽 또는 담장
6) 바닥면적 30제곱미터를 넘는 지하대피호
7) 높이 6미터를 넘는 골프연습장 등의 운동시설을 위한 철탑, 주거지역ᆞ상업지
역에 설치하는 통신용 철탑, 그 밖에 이와 비슷한 것
8) 높이 8미터(위험을 방지하기 위한 난간의 높이는 제외한다) 이하의 기계식 주차장 및
철골 조립식 주차장(바닥면이 조립식이 아닌 것을 포함한다)으로서 외벽이 없는 것
9) 건축조례로 정하는 제조시설, 저장시설(시멘트사일로를 포함한다), 유희시설,
그 밖에 이와 비슷한 것
10) 건축물의 구조에 심대한 영향을 줄 수 있는 중량물로서 건축조례로 정하는 것
1.5 인용표준
다음의 표준은 이 기준의 적용에 필수적이다.
KS C IEC 62305-1 피뢰시스템－제1부：일반원칙
KS C IEC 62305-2 피뢰시스템－제1부：리스크관리
KS C IEC 62305-3 피뢰시스템－제1부：구조물의 물리적 손상 및 인명위험
KS C IEC 62305-4 피뢰시스템－제1부：구조물 내부의 전기전자시스템
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2 종합적인 피뢰시스템의 설계
뇌로 인한 피해방지대책은 건축물의 물리적 손상과 인명을 보호하는 건축물 피뢰시
스템(LPS)과 건축물 내부의 전기․전자시스템을 뇌서지로부터 보호하는 뇌전자임펄스보호대책(LPM)으로 구성된다. 피뢰시스템의 구성요소와 상호관계를 그림 2.1에 나
타내었다.
그림 2.1 피뢰시스템의 구성요소와 표준과의 관계
2.1 보호레벨의 선정
1) 보호레벨은 피뢰시스템(LPS) 설계의 기본이 되는 뇌전류 파라미터를 결정하는
것으로 LPS 설계의 필수 조건이다.
2) KS C IEC 62305-2의 리스크 관리절차에 따라 보호대상 건축물이 설치되는
건설지가 뇌피해 취약지역인지를 조사하고, 용도에 따라 적절한 보호효율을 결
정하여, 보호대상물의 종류, 중요도 등에 적절한 보호레벨을 선정한다.
3) 선정된 보호레벨에 따른 피뢰시스템을 설계·시공한다.
4) 보호레벨과 보호효율의 관계는 표 2.1과 같다.
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표 2.1 뇌격전류에 따른 피뢰레벨 및 보호효율
구분LPL
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
뇌격전류
(kA)
최대 200 150 100 100
최소 3 5 10 16
회전구체반지름(뇌격거리, m) 20 30 45 60
보호
효율
뇌격전류 최대 값보다 작은 확률
0.99 0.98 0.95 0.95
뇌격전류 최소 값보다 큰 확률
0.99 0.97 0.91 0.84
주) 이 표는 보호레벨에 따라 수뢰부시스템이 포착 할 수 있는 최소뇌격전류(파고 값)와 뇌격
거리를 나타낸다. 이 뇌격전류보다 작은 뇌격 전류의 낙뢰에 대해서는 차폐실패를 의미한다.
2.2 리스크관리
2.2.1 리스크 평가대상
다음의 건축물 등에 대하여 리스크를 평가한다.
1) 건축물 자체
2) 건축물 내의 설비
3) 건축물의 내용물
4) 건축물 내에 있거나 건축물의 외측으로부터 3 m에 이르는 구역 내에 서있는
사람
5) 건축물에 대한 손상에 의해 영향을 받는 환경
다만, 건축물 외측에 접속된 선로에 대한 보호는 포함하지 않는다.
2.2.2 허용리스크의 일반적인 값
낙뢰가 인명의 손실이나 사회적, 문화적 가치의 손실에 관련되는 경우 허용 리스
크 의 대표적인 값은 표 2.2와 같다.
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손실의 유형 (1/년)
L1 인명손실 또는 영구상해 10-5
L2 공공 서비스의 손실 10-3
L3 문화유산의 손실 10-4
L4 경제적인 가치의 손실 10-3
주) 10-5/년이란 손실 발생의 확률이 연간 10-5회, 즉 연간 낙뢰 수 10만회
중 1회의 피해발생확률을 말한다.
표 2.2 허용 리스크의 일반적인 값
2.2.3 리스크평가
리스크 평가절차는 KS C IEC 62305-2를 따른다. 리스크 구성요소 를 평가
한 값이 허용리스크 의 값과 비교하여 피뢰대책을 수립한다.
1) ≤ : 피뢰설비 불필요
2) : 피뢰대책 수립 필요
2.3 피뢰시스템(LPS)
건축물의 피뢰시스템(LPS, Lightning Protection System)은 "외부피뢰시스템(외
부 LPS)"과 "내부피뢰시스템(내부 LPS)"으로 대별된다.
2.3.1 외부피뢰시스템
1) 외부피뢰시스템은 직격뢰로부터 피해를 입을 수 있는 건축물 및 인명보호를 목
적으로 한다.
2) 자연 현상인 낙뢰로부터 완전한 보호를 기대하기는 어렵지만 LPS는 확실히 낙
뢰리스크를 감소시킬 수 있다. 예를 들어, 피뢰레벨 Ⅵ로 설계할 때는 보호효율
은 84%이며, 피뢰레벨 I로 설계할 때는 보호효율이 99%이다. 그러므로 LPS는
낙뢰 위험의 리스크를 확실히 감소시킬 수 있도록 설계와 시공에서 확실한 내
용으로 해야 한다.
2.3.2 내부피뢰시스템
1) 내부 LPS는 낙뢰시에 건물 내부에서 발생하는 위험한 불꽃방전 방지 및 사람의
감전방지를 목적으로 하며, 등전위본딩 및/또는 외부 LPS와 절연(안전이격거리
확보)으로 구성된다.
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2) 수뢰부시스템에 포착된 뇌전류를 인하도선시스템을 통해 접지시스템에서 안전하
게 대지로 방전시킬 때 유해한 불꽃방전을 방지하기 위해 등전위본딩을 하며,
외부피뢰시스템과 절연하기 위한 안전이격거리를 확보한다.
2.4 구조물 내부의 전기전자시스템 보호(SPM)
1) 구조물 내부의 뇌전자임펄스(LEMP)로 인한 영구적 고장의 리스크를 감소시키
도록 보호대상 시스템을 포함한 영역을 피뢰구역(LPZ)으로 나누고 LPZ에 따른
전기전자시스템의 보호(SPM) 대책을 설계한다.
2) 뇌전자임펄스(LEMP)로 인한 영향을 합리적이고 경제적으로 저감시키기 위해서
는 기본적으로 다음의 방법이 필요하다.
(1) 피뢰구역(LPZ)의 도입
(2) 접지 및 등전위본딩
(3) 자기차폐 및 배선경로
(4) 협조된 SPD시스템
(5) 절연인터페이스
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제Ⅱ장 구조물의 물리적 손상 및 인명 위험
1 적용범위
이 지침은 피뢰시스템에 의한 구조물의 물리적 손상의 보호 및 피뢰시스템 주위
의 접촉전압과 보폭전압에 의한 인축의 상해보호에 대한 요건을 제공하며, 다음에
적용할 수 있다.
1) 구조물 높이에 관계없이 구조물을 보호하는 피뢰시스템의 설계, 시공, 검사 및
유지관리
2) 접촉전압과 보폭전압으로 인한 인축의 상해에 대한 보호대책의 확립
주1) 폭발성 물질의 취급으로 주위가 위험한 구조물을 보호하는 피뢰시스템의 특
별요건을 고려하고 있으며, 일시적 사용을 위한 추가정보는 제2장 4.6절을
참조한다.
주2) 과전압에 의한 전기전자시스템고장의 보호에 대한 특별요건은 제3장을 참조
한다.
주3) 풍력터빈의 낙뢰 보호에 대한 특별요건은 KS C IEC 61400-24를 참조
한다.
2 인용표준
다음의 인용표준은 이 기준의 적용에 필수적이다. 발행연도가 표기된 인용표준의
경우 언급된 판만이 적용된다. 발행연도가 표기되지 않은 인용표준의 경우 인용표
준(모든 개정판 포함)의 최신판을 적용한다.
KS C IEC 60079-14, 방폭 전기기계기구 - 제14부 : 위험지역의 전기설비
KS C IEC 61557-4, 교류 1 000 V 및 직류 1 500 V 이하 저압 배전계통의
전기적 안전성 — 보호 수단의 시험, 측정 또는 감시용 장치 — 제4부: 접지 연결 및 등전위 본딩 저항
KS C IEC 61643-11, 저전압 배전계통의 서지 보호 장치－제1부：성능 및 시
험방법
KS C IEC 61643-21, 저전압 서지 보호 장치－제21부：통신망과 신호망 접속
용 서지 보호 장치－성능요건 및 시험방법
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KS C IEC 62305-1, 피뢰시스템 - 제1부 : 일반원칙
KS C IEC 62305-2, 피뢰시스템 - 제2부 : 위험성 관리
KS C IEC 62305-4, 피뢰시스템 - 제4부 : 구조물 내부의 전기전자시스템
3 용어와 정의
1) 피뢰시스템 LPS (lightning protection system)
구조물 뇌격으로 인한 물리적 손상을 줄이기 위해 사용되는 전체 시스템으로,
외부피뢰시스템과 내부피뢰시스템으로 구성된다.
2) 외부피뢰시스템 (external lightning protection system)
수뢰부시스템, 인하도선시스템, 접지극시스템으로 구성된 피뢰시스템의 일종
3) 보호대상 구조물과 분리된 외부 LPS (external LPS isolated from the
structure to be protected)
뇌전류의 경로가 보호대상 구조물과 접속되지 않도록 배치된 수뢰부와 인하도선
시스템으로 구성된 피뢰시스템
4) 보호대상 구조물과 접속된 외부 LPS (external LPS not isolated from the
structure to be protected)
뇌전류의 경로가 보호대상 구조물과 접속되도록 배치된 수뢰부와 인하도선시스템
으로 구성된 피뢰시스템
5) 내부피뢰시스템 (internal lightning protection system)
피뢰등전위본딩 및/또는 외부 피뢰시스템의 전기적 절연으로 구성된 피뢰시스템
의 일종
6) 수뢰부시스템 (Air-termination system)
낙뢰를 포착할 목적으로 피뢰침, 망상도체, 가공지선 등과 같은 금속 물체를 이용
한 외부 피뢰시스템의 일부
7) 인하도선시스템 (down-conductor system)
뇌전류를 수뢰부시스템에서 접지극시스템으로 흘리기 위한 외부 피뢰시스템의 일부
8) 환상도체 (ring conductor)
뇌전류의 균일한 분산을 위해 인하도선을 서로 접속할 수 있도록 구조물 둘레의
루프를 형성하는 도체
9) 접지극 시스템 (earth-termination system)
뇌전류를 대지로 흘려 방출시키기 위한 외부 피뢰시스템의 일부
10) 접지극 (earthing electrode)
대지와 직접 전기적으로 접속하고, 뇌전류를 대지로 방류시키는 접지시스템의 일
부분 또는 그 집합
11) 환상접지극