ethics of testing and research of manufactured organs - pubrica
DESCRIPTION
1) Ethics of testing manufacturing organs. 2) Examples of ethical issues in organ manufacturing. 1. Technology: Tissue Engineering(tissues) 2. Technology: Bioprinting 3) Conclusion. Full Information: https://bit.ly/2ZxH4hI Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/research-proposal/ Why pubrica? When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts. Contact us : Web: https://pubrica.com/ Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/ Email: [email protected] WhatsApp : +91 9884350006 United Kingdom: +44-74248 10299TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 1
Ethics of Testing and Research of Manufactured Organs
Dr. Nancy Agens, Head,
Technical Operations, Pubrica
In Brief
Organ transplantation is the most effective in
cost andtreatment for end-stages like renal
failure, and forthe end-stage loss of organs
such as liver, lung and heart, it is the only
available treatment. The approaches of
manufacturing organsare “the production of
product for use or sale using labour,
machines, tools, and chemical and biological
changes.” It is closely related to engineering,
industrial design, and development in
materialproperties.Mainly, our technical
team proudly supports research proposal
writing services in medical research;themain
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I. INTRODUCTION
Organ manufacturing technology is a sequence
of elegant technique which can be used to
produce human organs based on bionic
principle. From the past last ten years;
outstanding progress has been completed in
the development of numerous organ
manufacturing technologies. Organ
manufacturing technology can be classified
into three groups: 1. Fully mechanized; 2.
Semi mechanized; 3. Hand-worked; each has
its own advantages and disadvantages for
artificial organ manufacturing. One of the best
techniques in artificial organ manufacturing is
to connect both the process like three-
dimensional printing technique andnaturally
assemble personal cells along with another
biomaterial to develop unique organ
replacement for human organ failure and
damaged organs.
II. ETHICS OF TESTING
MANUFACTURING ORGANS
The method needs to be in line with different
protocol to show on Human Right and
biomedicine on organ manufacturing, organ
transplanting and tissues of a human. Then the
council of Europe’s resolution on resolution
and compatibility of regulation of members
states describe to removal, implanting and
transplantation of human’s substance to ensure
that all condition of organ transplantation,
tissue and cell banking and manufacturing
organs confirm to ethical standards. In case of
any interference in the field, then organ, tissue
and cells transplantation should be carried out
followed by applicable professional obligation
and standards. There are so many ethical
research proposals help service available to
reduce your pressure.
III. EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN
ORGAN MANUFACTURING
1. Technology: Tissue Engineering(tissues)
Goal:The main aim of this tissue engineering
is to separate living cells from a small tissue
sample, multiply them in the research
laboratory and then test them on biomaterials
or biocompatibility structure that control cell
development into working tissues for
implantation.
Risks of harm to humans:
The hype of any material in the body carries
with it some risk that the body will recognize
Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2
it as a foreign materials invader and engulf it
with macrophages, resulting in inflammation.
After implantation, possible defective tissues,
teratoma, or the dislodgement and migration
of implant materials and cells, are
compounded by the fact that the implantation
may be an irreversible process. Tissue
engineering frequently uses biodegradable
components (e.g. polylactic acid) in the tissue
scaffold. The use of degradable materials in an
implant increases the risk of harm to the
recipient because the degradation produces by-
products which can then move through the
bloodstream. The materials must be designed
to pass through the renal system without
harming the body. Risks associated with
biodegradation by-products include
cytotoxicity, clotting, inefficient excretion
resulting in a build-up of toxins in the body,
and migration of products resulting in the
disruption of another organ.
2. Technology: Bioprinting
Goal:Bioprinting process often involves
extrusion of cells, encapsulated in a synthetic
scaffold medium, through a narrow nozzle,
subjecting them to high shear forces.
Risks of harm to a human:
Although shear Bioprinting forces are
typically minimized to have no impact on cell
survival, transient forces may still activate
mechanotransduction pathways which could
disrupt the normal function of the cells. In
particular, the quickdetails may act to direct
stem cells towards an undesired lineage
3D Bioprinting process often requires a curing
step whereby the printed (liquid) bio-ink is
transformed into a more concrete form. This
curing step usually involves exposure to UV
light and crosslinking initiation chemicals.
Again, though the toxicity of curing is
screened in the short term, the ultimate effects
of such disclosure may include DNA damage
and may not be apparent until after
implantation.
IV. CONCLUSION
From various concerns raised above,
itsevident that the ethical issues in
manufacturing organs are more than just about
our freedom to use any biological item with
any biomaterial ink. Our expert team can do in
both qualitative and quantitative researches
proposal writing which include subject matter
materials like medical research.
REFERENCES
1. Gilbert, F., O’Connell, C. D., Mladenovska, T., &Dodds,
S. (2018). Print me an organ? Ethical and regulatory
issues are emerging from 3D bioprinting in
medicine. Science and engineering ethics, 24(1), 73-91.
2. Murphy, S. V., &Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of
tissues and organs. Nature Biotechnology, 32(8), 773-
785... Gilbert, F. (2015). Self-estrangement & deep brain
stimulation: Ethical issues related to forced
explantation. Neuroethics, 8(2), 107-114.
3. Atala, A., Bauer, S. B., Soker, S., Yoo, J. J., &Retik, A.
B. (2006). Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for
patients needing cystoplasty. Lancet, 367(9518), 1241–
1246.
4. Cohen, I. G. (2013).The Journal of Law, Medicine &
Ethics, 41(1), 269–285.