evropska unija ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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The European Union (EU)
The Worlds Strongest
Supranational Organization
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What is it?
The European Union (EU) is a family of democraticEuropean countries, committed to working togetherfor peace and prosperity.
It is not a State intended to replace existing states, but it
does represent a greater compromise of sovereigntythan any other international organization.
The EU is unique; its Member States have set upcommon institutions to which they delegate some of theirsovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of jointinterest can be made democratically at European level.
This pooling of sovereignty is also called "Europeanintegration"
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European Coal and Steel
Community
Founded in 1951(Treaty of Paris)
Purpose was to
reduce potential forconflict between themember states bypooling vitalresources
Fore-runner of theEEC, EC, and EU
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History of the EU
The historical roots ofthe European Unionlie in the SecondWorld War. Idea of European
integration conceived
to prevent such killingand destruction fromever happening again
First proposed by theFrench ForeignMinister RobertSchuman in a speech
on May 9, 1950. Thisdate, the "birthday" ofwhat is now the EU, iscelebrated annually asEurope Day
Phases of growth Initially, the European Economic
Community (EEC)consisted of justsix countries: Belgium, Germany,France, Italy, Luxembourg and theNetherlands (1958)
European Communities(EC)(1967)
Denmark, Ireland and the UnitedKingdom joined in 1973
Greece in 1981
Spain and Portugal in 1986
European Union(EU)(after 1992)(Maastricht Treaty)
Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995
Largest enlargement took place with10 new countries joining May 9, 2004
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Creation of the EU
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GROWTH OF THE EU
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GROWTH OF THE EU
Admission
of Romania
and
Bulgaria
2007
Major
debates
about
Turkey
Croatia and
Macedonia
are new
candidates
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CORE?
?
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CONFIRMATION OF CORE-DOMAIN MODEL
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How does it work?
There are five EU institutions,each playing a specific role: European Parliament(one of two
legislative bodies in the EU;elected by the peoples of theMember States)
Council of the European Union
(EUs highest Legislative Body;has legislative initiative; is madeup of representatives appointedby member states according to apopulation-based allotment)
European Commission(EUsexecutive body; onecommissioner per country
appointed by each government) Court of Justice(ensures
compliance with the EU laws)
Court of Auditors(manages theEU budget)
These are flanked by five otherimportant bodies: European Economic and Social
Committee(expresses theopinions of organized civil societyon economic and social issues)
Committee of the Regions
(expresses the opinions ofregional and local authorities)
European Central Bank(responsible for monetary policyand managing the euro)
European Ombudsman(dealswith citizens' complaints aboutmaladministration by any EUinstitution or body)
European Investment Bank(helps achieve EU objectives byfinancing investment projects)
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The Euro
The Treaty of Rome (1957) Declared a common market as a European objective
Aim: increase economic prosperity and contribute to "an evercloser union among the peoples of Europe"
The Single European Act (1986) and the Treaty on
European Union (1992) built on this introduced Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
laid the foundations for a single currency
name Euro was selected in 1995
in January 1999, the exchange rates of the participating
currencies were irrevocably set and Euro area Member Statesbegan implementing a common monetary policy
in January 2002, 12 States in the EU introduced the new eurobanknotes and coins
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The Eurozone
Coins and banknotes 1st
usedJan 1, 2002
Cyprus sheduled to join in 2008
Slovakia scheduled to join in2009
Estonia scheduled to join in2010
Sweden is technically obligedto join but the EU has madepublic that they will not enforcethis with regard to Sweden
Britain and Denmark have aderogation releasing themfrom having to join
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Impact of the Eurozone
What impact do you think the Eurozone
has on cultural diffusion?
What impact do you think the Eurozone
has on economic development?
Why are some countries avoiding joining?
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A strong currency!
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Why have bills different
sizes & colors?
What values are
reflected in these
artifacts that are not
found in American
money?
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What about Switzerland?
Swiss are traditionally suspicious of other countries
Swiss tradition of neutrality (WWI & WWII) self-imposed
permanent
armed
In some ways Switzerland is like the US Nationalistic government not interested in ceding sovereignty
Economic policies are currently designed to protect localindustries (esp. agriculture) from foreign competition
Initial cost of joining EU (progressive financialredistribution policy would cost the Swiss)
Switzerland has embarked on a policy of buildingbilateral agreements with the EU rather than joiningoutright
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Costs of staying out
Export problems Access to EU markets is not guaranteed
Inflation problems Europeans nervous about the Euro due to expansion of the EU invest in Swiss
Francs, inflating the value of the currency and inhibiting Swiss exports
Capital flight
High construction costs, expensive labor, and skill shortages already makeinvestment in Switzerland unattractive
Several multinational corporations, such as Roche, Sulzer and Alusuisse, havefrozen planned investment projects in Switzerland
Large Swiss companies, including Nestle, are shifting activities out of Switzerlandin fear of discrimination by other nations
Already four out of five employees of the top 15 Swiss companies work in other
countries Scientific information lag EU scientific exchange programs accept Swiss citizens only if they fail to fill such
exchanges with persons from EU countries
Accumulated bilateral agreements and cooperation may create de-factoincorporation in the EU for Switzerland
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The EU in comparative
perspective
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US dominates entertainment
industry in Europe
Cultural hegemony?
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SUMMARY
The European Union is the strongest supranational organization inthe world shared currency & financial management
legislative, judicial, and executive bodies
regulatory and planning bodies
The EU is growing geographically, and its growth suggests a core-domain model core and domain are borne out by distribution of income
The EU does not appeal to all Europeans (at least not yet) small states in particular seem skeptical
Roughly comparable to the US in some ways
population slightly larger than that of the US somewhat more densely settled than the US
economy is at least as strong as the American economy
other social statistics (e.g. literacy, infant mortality & homicide) are asgood or better than the US