Asia Pacific Submarine Cable SystemsAsia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems

Past, Present, FuturePast, Present, Future

Up-Dated From Jan. 30, 2012, AFCEA Tokyo, Japan Chapter Seminar

Presented By:Wm. (Bill) Crawley

W. クロ-リ-Senior Telecom Advisor

Presentation to SAME - Tuesday, March 13, 2012

過去、 現在、 未

光海底ケーブル

Asia Pacific Submarine Cable SystemsAsia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems過去、 現在、 未来：

** Brief History First Submarine Cable systems ** Asia / Pacific Area cable maps as reference** Fiber Optic Submarine Cable Systems vs. Satellites** the Bandwidth explosion, demand & drivers** Submarine Cable Design & Construction** Components of Submarine Cable Bandwidth** Cost and Deployment of Submarine Cable Systems** Current Submarine Cable technology** The Future of Submarine Cables Systems** Q and A

過去、 現在、 未来：

** Brief History First Submarine Cable systems ** Asia / Pacific Area cable maps as reference** Fiber Optic Submarine Cable Systems vs. Satellites** the Bandwidth explosion, demand & drivers** Submarine Cable Design & Construction** Components of Submarine Cable Bandwidth** Cost and Deployment of Submarine Cable Systems** Current Submarine Cable technology** The Future of Submarine Cables Systems** Q and A

Presentation to SAME: Mar. 2012

Asia Pacific Telecom’s & Submarine Cable Systems:Asia Pacific Telecom’s & Submarine Cable Systems:* Brief History First Submarine Cable system - in 1866年

U.K. - New York, 2,440 knt miles, Final taking 42 daysto lay this 1st cable. It took 3 attempts… Then the PacificCables…

* How Many recall the origin of HF Radio Systems..?(1st. Trans Atlantic HF Radio Message, Oct.17, 1907年)(Later, December 1941年 HF Radio Tx Mainland to Hawaii..)(Atmospheric Condx blocked a critical message..)

* Next, Copper submarine cables - Early 30 - 50年’s. I.e. TPC-1

* Then, Coax submarine cables - 60年’s…

* And now, Its all Fiber Optics Cables and Satellites

* Brief History First Submarine Cable system - in 1866年U.K. - New York, 2,440 knt miles, Final taking 42 daysto lay this 1st cable. It took 3 attempts… Then the PacificCables…

* How Many recall the origin of HF Radio Systems..?(1st. Trans Atlantic HF Radio Message, Oct.17, 1907年)(Later, December 1941年 HF Radio Tx Mainland to Hawaii..)(Atmospheric Condx blocked a critical message..)

* Next, Copper submarine cables - Early 30 - 50年’s. I.e. TPC-1

* Then, Coax submarine cables - 60年’s…

* And now, Its all Fiber Optics Cables and Satellites

Presentation to SAME

Asia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems

Enabling Next Generation / Visual Communications

Throughout The Asia Pacific Region

(Note Maps)

Presentation to SAME

Submarine Cables vs. Satellites

* Sun Spot Solar Activity:• RF Interference:• Refractive Index & beam bending• Bandwidth limitations• RF Access / Security Issues / Satellite Threat• Satellite Life vs. submarine cables:•GEO: 11 - 12 years•LEO: 7 - 8 years*Sub. Cable: 20 - 24 Years (Avg)

Latency: (U.S. - Japan)

• Satellites Round trip delay: = 650 msec• Submarine Cables: = 120 msec

Satellites:

Presentation to SAME

Asia / Pacific Submarine Cable Systems

＊Why More Cable Systems Now..?なぜ 光海底ケーブがもつと必要とされるのか。？

Presentation to SAME

＊Do we have Enough Cables..?光海底ケーブルは充分にあるのか。？

過去、 現在、 未来

** Getting Past the capacity glut:

A miscalculation of Trans.Pacific Cable Capacity & Traffic Forecast:

In 2004, A Forecast by a Chief Executive of Hong Kong Telecom:

I can never forget these figures, “It went like this..:”

** Bill, “The Population of the Globe..:” = 6.7 人 bil.** 50% of the Globe resides in Asia: = 3.4 人 bil.** 20% of 3.4 bil in Asia require Internet: = 680 人 mil** 1０% will need at least 1.0 meg B／W： = ６5 terabits

NOTE: There was limited fill rate on most of the existing cables rated only At 120 - 620 Giga/bits per cable. But, That’s Changed…

What caused the Sub. Cable Glut and when will the Fill Rate pick up again..?

今 ですか。。？

** Getting Past the capacity glut:

A miscalculation of Trans.Pacific Cable Capacity & Traffic Forecast:

In 2004, A Forecast by a Chief Executive of Hong Kong Telecom:

I can never forget these figures, “It went like this..:”

** Bill, “The Population of the Globe..:” = 6.7 人 bil.** 50% of the Globe resides in Asia: = 3.4 人 bil.** 20% of 3.4 bil in Asia require Internet: = 680 人 mil** 1０% will need at least 1.0 meg B／W： = ６5 terabits

NOTE: There was limited fill rate on most of the existing cables rated only At 120 - 620 Giga/bits per cable. But, That’s Changed…

What caused the Sub. Cable Glut and when will the Fill Rate pick up again..?

今 ですか。。？

Example of Demand For New Cable Systems:

Presentation to SAME: Mar. 2012

Key Demand Drivers for New Cables Throughout Asia Pacific:Key Demand Drivers for New Cables Throughout Asia Pacific:

• Continued Economic & Bandwidth Expansion into 2013年:

• Add’l Carrier Alliances & Emerging Super ISP’s / ASP’s..

• Increase Hi-Speed Data & Broadband - Hi Take-Up Rates.

• Private Cables & Consortium Cables Expansion

• Expanding FTTX Deployments

• Increase Video Demand: (U.S. - Japan / Asia)• In: 2007 Of all B/W, Video equaled = 61% • by: 2013 Forecast 92% of all B/W will be Video• Who are the users..?

• Continued Economic & Bandwidth Expansion into 2013年:

• Add’l Carrier Alliances & Emerging Super ISP’s / ASP’s..

• Increase Hi-Speed Data & Broadband - Hi Take-Up Rates.

• Private Cables & Consortium Cables Expansion

• Expanding FTTX Deployments

• Increase Video Demand: (U.S. - Japan / Asia)• In: 2007 Of all B/W, Video equaled = 61% • by: 2013 Forecast 92% of all B/W will be Video• Who are the users..?

Presentation to SAME: Mar. 2012

Submarine Cable System Preliminary Design Overview

and

New & Planned Cables

Submarine Cable System Preliminary Design Overview

and

New & Planned Cables

Presentation to SAME

** Engineering / Design and Installation Process::

The design model assumption is based on the projected traffic / capacity demand And then decision is made to build a submarine cable system and that it is properly funded and Landing Sites Decided & Agreed to:

** Desk Top Study: Route design from Oceanographic Map data:(Determine ocean depths / Routing / landing sites)

(Engineering Process(Hardware, Cable Design, Cable Station Design etc.

Decide on initial Bandwidth and Growth over theLife of the cable: i.e. Typically 22 - 26 Years.

Determine Terminal MUX / OTE / BU’s Repeaters, etc…

** Increments of Bandwidth: (MIU’s)T1 = 1.544 meg (N. Am. Std)E1 = 2.048 meg (SEPT or CCITT Std)DS-3 = 45 megSTM-1 = 155 meg. (Next, Leasing Lightwaves)

** Ocean Survey Process:* Route Survey: Requires special Ocean Going Route Survey Ships:

* Equipped with deep water Sonar, depth detection & Mapping…* Equipment to at least 7 – 8 miles ocean depths.

** Loading of Cable on Cable Ship** Then, Start Cable Laying.

Submarine Cable System Preliminary Design OverviewSubmarine Cable System Preliminary Design Overview

Typical Configurations: With WDM Solution/s:

Cable Station

DDF

16 x STM-1e

Submarine Cable(4 - 6 fiber pairs)

DDF

20G 20G

16 x STM-1e

Approx. 150kmCTB CTB

Dark fibers: 1-3fp

WDM Capability

10G-20GSDH

WDM

10G-20GSDH

WDM

WDM / Lw Solution/s: Highest Capacity Solutions with lower price objectives (8 years previous) up 16 Lw / fp @ 5G per Lw / fiber pair 2years ago: up to 32 Lw / fp @ 10G per Lw / fiber pair = 320 G x Fp Entering: 64 Lw / fp @ 20G per Lw / fiber pair. = 1.280 terabit x Fp

Cable Station

/Lw/Lw

Submarine Cable Laying Operation:

Guard boatCable Ship

Microduct Pipe

CableProtection pipes

Buoy

Buoy rope

This picture shows that a final splice is made in mid-point.

Conduit / Microduct Manhole Cable Station

Cable Drum Cable Counter Pull-Winch Cable Counter Pull-Winch

Cable Drum Jointing Joint Box in MH Testing Terminal Equipment

Land Cable Laying Operation:

Typical land cable installation

C.S.Subaru:（Cable Ship Maintenance/Installation)C.S.Subaru:（Cable Ship Maintenance/Installation)

C.S. Subaru: in Nagasaki Port - NTT-WEM

Present ROV

Replacingsoon

• APIC Submarine Cable System: (New)• Guam - Kwajalein Isle Cable:2010年 (New DoD)

* Unity / Google Cable: RFS:/2011年 (New) **Big Change

• New Telstra: Australia - Hawaii cable• PIPE Submarine Cable (Aust - Guam)• Southern Cross Cable: 40G - 100 G **Up-Grade• New: “ASE” New Asia Cable, 7,200km: RFS: “3Q/2012

* Building More Than Just Another submarine Cable

New & Planned Pacific Region Cable Systems新しく 考案された 環太平洋ケーブルシステム

• AAG Cable (Asia Americas Gateway Cable)

• TPE (Trans-Pac. Express) / 2/2008年• Tahiti - Hawaii (Announced at PTC / Jan.2009年)

GuamPhilippines

ThailandBrunei

Singapore

Hawaii

United Statesアメリカ

Malaysia

Vietnam

Hong Kong

AAG Cable SEA-US Network Configuration:AAG Cable SEA-US Network Configuration:

ハワイ

グアム

日本

Example: APIC Submarine Cable SystemInitial Point-To-Point System Design

APICWest PacificInterchange

APICNorth American

Interchange

Guam グアム Hawaii ハワイアメリカ

U.S.Mainland

APICCentral PacificInterchange Nedona Beach

APIC Network BackboneAPIC Network BackbonePiti

APIC North PacificInterchange

Okinawa 沖縄

Kwajalein

MajuroPohnpei

======Kansai / Kanto, 日本きょく

Example: APIC Submarine Cable SystemPreliminary Fiber Pair Allocations

Fiber Pair Preliminary Allocation

12345678

Reserved for Super ASP Investor (Video)Reserved for Carrier Groups (Asia)Reserved for Carrier Groups (Australia)Reserved for Lightwave Allocations / VideoReserved for Sub Lightwave SalesReserved for DoD Capacity LeasesReserved for Virtual Ring/UpgradeReserved for Virtual Ring/Upgrade

Bio of Wm. Crawley:

Wm. Crawley has been in the Telecom & Engineering field since 1962. Bill after graduating from Tri-State College in Angola, Indiana was offered a Microwave Engineering assignment in Honolulu, Hawaii with ITT Corporation. He was Responsible for designing and implementing Microwave Radio systems in Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines. After 8 years with ITT Bill joined Wescom Inc as the regional Director for Asia. Bill had numerous assignments in Hawaii, Guam, and Asia. He designed some very note-worthy "LOS" Long Path systems back in the 70's Then, Bill moved on to Hawaiian Tel like many good engineers in the early days. In 1980 was recruited by the Rolm Corp. to move to Tokyo and Open a Asia regional office. Later Rolm merged as Rolm-IBM Corp., introducing new Switch Technology into the Japanese and Asia Markets. He did that for 5 years in Tokyo and was featured in numerous Japan news articles and Business Week in Japan. (COPY’s Available). Bill returned to Honolulu in 1986, Back to GTE Hawaiian Tel and then,

In 1991 Received a call From NYNEX Corp Int’l to move back to Japan to form a JV with Nissan and NYNEX Corp., to build the Tuka Cellular network in Japan and to Direct the North Asia operations to launch the FLAG Submarine Cable System. While at NYNEX / FLAG, Bill negotiated the submarine cable landings at Miura & Ninomiya, Japan, Korea, PuDong Nan Wei China, Hong Kong, Thailand and Malaysia. Bill has extensive experience in Fiber Optic Transmission, Cable Landing Stations and negotiations with Carriers, Suppliers, ISP’s and non-Carrier users of submarine cable systems.

Bill returned to Honolulu in 2002 after 11 years in Japan and after completing the FLAG Submarine Cable system launched in 1997 connecting Japan to Europe. The FLAG Telecom Cable System F-L-A-G (Fiber Link Around the Globe) became the longest submarine cable in the world. Bill tried to retire after returning to Honolulu again in 2002 and NTT Marine offered Bill a Advisory position responsible for the Pacific Isle Region. Bill is also a Board Advisor to Fiberduct Solutions Ltd.,

Aloha, Wm. (Bill) クローリー

Questions, Comments & Discussion