2014年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及参考答案　　词汇选项:

　　1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.　　A. modest B. commercial　 C. huge D. national　　2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.　　A. amazing B. depressing C. predictable D. dull　　3. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.　　A. equal B. certain　 C. large D. opposite　　4. His professional career spanned 16 years.　　A. started B. changed　 C. lasted D. moved　　5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.　　A. eased B. improved　 C. relieved D. appeared　　6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.　　A. limit B. support　 C. regulate D. oppose　　7. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.　　A. act B. homework　 C. justice D. model　　8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.　　A. motionless B. silent　 C. seated D. true　　9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.　　A. point B. result　 C. finding D. tendency　　10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.　　A. sincere B. respectful　 C. empty D. terrible　　11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.　　A. copy B. publish　 C. summarize D. furnish　　12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.　　A. serious B. beautiful　 C. impressive D. ridiculous　　13. The department deferred the decision for six months.　　A. put off B. arrived at　 C. abided by D. protested against　　14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .

　　A. invented B. reproduced　 C. designed D. reported　　15. The country was torn apart by strife.　　A. conflict B. poverty　 C. war D. economy

　　阅读判断:

Experience the World in 3D Game　　Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.　　The online simulation, created by the French3D design company Dassault Systèmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals – cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees – as aplayer steers them through Place Vend 洀攀 in Paris.

　　Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. "In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars," says Schmidt-Morand.　　The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.　　Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans – cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. "We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的)," says

Schmidt-Morand. "So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality."　　The rat's view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. "A ratwould never throw itself into the middle of an open area," says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map

inthe top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.　　The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.　　16. The game developed by Dassault Systemesis the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　17.Dassault’s3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of visioninto account .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　18.The animals’ viewsin the software are the same as those in reality .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　19. Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　20.It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat’s view because they’re near-sighted .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　21.The team is working on recreating thevision of more animals .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　22.Schmidt-Morand’sfavorite animal is cat .　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　概括大意与完成句子:

Climate Change: The Long Reach　　1 Earth is warming .Sea levels are rising. There’s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientist who study the environment to better gauge (评估) Earth’s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.　　2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning  releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of

years—and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.　　3 Most climate-change studies look at what’s going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet’s environment could nudge (推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach—and warm—the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a “fast feedback”.　　4 Zeebe says it’s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they’re limited. From a climate change perspective, “This century is the most important time for the next few generations, ” he told Science News. “But the world is not ending in 2100 .” For this new study, Zeebe now focuses on “slow feedbacks.” While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are two examples of slow feedbacks.　　5 Zeebe gathered information from previously publishes studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5℃—for a 6℃ total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.　　23. Paragraph 2 ___B____　　24. Paragraph 3 ___C____　　25. Paragraph 4 ___D____　　26. Paragraph 5 ___F____　　A. Rising of sea levels　　B. Impact of burning fossil fuels　　C. Fast feedbacks　　D. Slow feedbacks　　E. Unpredictability of feedback processes

　　F.A prediction of future climate change　　27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in ___D___.　　28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ____A____.　　29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ___E___.　　30.After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ___B___.　　A. the exposed ground　　B. a very long time　　C. the extra heat　　D. recorded history　　E. previously published studies　　F. rapid exaggeration of impacts

　　阅读理解　　第一篇:

Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance　　Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smart phone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

　　A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smart phone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.　　"The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.　　Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smart phone or for sharing photos.　　A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says

Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.　　Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "Eye Drop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."　　While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.　　Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.　　31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______　　A. change our computer screen.　　B. focus on anything that interests us.　　C. get a smart phone connected wirelessly.　　D. move an object from screen with a glance.　　32. Why is a button needed?　　A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop.　　B. To choose as many objects as possible.　　C. To make Eye Drop different from others.　　D. To select what we want.　　33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______　　A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.　　B. interaction between human and computer.　　C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.　　D. generalization of Eye Drop system.　　34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use?

　　A. They are costly.　　B. They are available.　　C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.　　D. They are expected to come out soon.　　35. What is Turner likely to study next?　　A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.　　B. How to present the system in public.　　C. How to get touch screen involved.　　D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.

　　第二篇：A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

　　Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.　　A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.　　They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.　　Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting

walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”　　Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”　　She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these　　findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”　　36. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________　　A. breathing exercise　　B. regular walking　　C. recreational activity　　D. lifestyle choices　　37. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.　　A. women have fewer chances of physical activity　　B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer　　C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk　　D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer　　38. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.　　A. head of the survey study　　B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology　　C. chair of the American Cancer Society　　D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign　　39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?　　A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.　　B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

　　C. Walking was the only recreational acitivity for about half of the women surveyed.　　D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women　　40. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to　　A. continuable　　B. affordable　　C. available　　D. persistent

　　第三篇The Northern Lights

　　The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.　　The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.　　The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.　　Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.

　　Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The

movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动),

flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.　　We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!　　41.The solar wind comes into being as a result of　　A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity.　　B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.　　C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.　　D. a stream of particles being blown away.　　42.What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth?　　A. A protective magnetic field is forms at the same time.　　B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.　　C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth.　　D. It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the Earth.　　43.The Northern Lights are created when　　A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gases.　　B. the magnetic field lines fail to reconnect.　　C. the electrons falling to the Earth shine in different colors.　　D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmospheric gases.　　44.Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights?　　A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.　　B. People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada.　　C. They are very close to the ground.

　　D. They are very lng and thick.　　45.What is the auther’s tone toward the Northern Lights?　　A. indifferent.　　B. Sarcastic.　　C. Sharp.　　D. Appreciative.

　　补全短文:

Wrongly Convicted Man and His Accuser Tell Story　　NEW YORK, NY, January 5, 2010. St. Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Gris ham calls an “account of violence, rage redemption (救赎) and，ultimately forgiveness.”　　The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally___46___. When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者)from a book of mug shots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the man lineup.　　Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. ___47___Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.

　　Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated (证明…..清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally (明确地)convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime ___48___”The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man was inches from my throat, who raped me , who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent. ___49___Remarkably both

were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir of injustice and redemption.”　　Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives” with constant pain that my profound mistake coast him so dearly ___50___”　　A. Another trial was held　　B. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken  identification occurred in a capital case　　C. Thompson was as shocked and devastated　　D. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally　　E. During the attack, she made and effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身) or other identifying marking.　　F. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.

　　完形填空Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

　　American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and Language retardation(延迟).They found that developing musical skill involves the___51___process in the brain as learning how to speak .The scientists believe that could ___52___children with learning disabilities .　　Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in lllinois .She says Musical training___53___putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. The ___54___ is not much different from learning how to speak .Both involve different senses .　　She further explains musical training and learning to___55___each make us think about what we are doing .She say speech and music___56___ through a structure of the nervous system called he brain stem .The brain stem ___57___ our ability to hear .Until recently, experts have though the brain stem could not be developed or changed. ___58___ Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person’s brain stem activity.

　　The study involved individuals with different levels of musical___59___.They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures ___60___ activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument---the cello(大提琴).Professor Krause says cello have sound qualities similar ___61___some of the sounds that are important with speech .The study found that the more years of training people had, the more___62___ they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were Involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the ___63___ of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning ___64___.She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they ___65___ sentences and understand facial expressions better .　　51. A. unique B. different C. same D. strange　　52. A. help B. tell C. remind D .entertain　　53. A. shapes B. involves C .relates D. enhances　　54. A. form B. step C. point D. process　　55. A. play B. sing C. speak D. think　　56. A. pass B. use C. look D. put　　57. A. develops B. controls C. assesses D. observes　　58. A. So B. Moreover C. As D. But　　59. A. instruments B. ability C. types D. contact　　60. A. physical B. musical C. speech D. brain　　61. A. as B. of C. to D. at　　62. A. familiar B. inactive C. critical D. sensitive　　63. A. reduction B. improvement C. interference D. implication　　64. A. styles B. disabilities C. interests D. approaches　　65. A. read B. write C. hear D. change

参考答案：　　词汇选项:

　　1. C. huge　　2. D. dull　　3. D. opposite　　4. C. lasted　　5. D. appeared　　6. B. support　　7. A. act　　8. A. motionless　　9. D. tendency 10. C. empty

　　11. D. furnish　　12. D. ridiculous　　13. A. put off　　14. B. reproduced　　15. A. conflict

　　阅读判断:

　　16. A. Right　　17.A. Right　　18.B. Wrong　　19. A. Right　　20.C. Not mentioned　　21.B. Wrong　　22.C. Not mentioned

　　概括大意与完成句子:

　　23. B　　24. C　　25. D　　26. F　　27. D　　28. A　　29. E　　30.B

　　第一篇　　阅读理解　　31.D. move an object from screen with a glance.　　32. D. To select what we want.　　33. C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.　　34. D. They are expected to come out soon.　　35. C. How to get touch screen involved.

　　第二篇：　　36. A. breathing exercise　　37. B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer　　38. A. head of the survey study　　39. B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.　　40. A. continuable

　　第三篇　　41.C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.　　42.B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.　　43.A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric  gases.　　44.A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.　　45.D. Appreciative.

　　补全短文:

　　46-50：FDEAC

　　完形填空　　51. C. same　　52. A. help　　53.B. involves　　54.D. process　　55.C. speak　　56. A. pass　　57.B. controls　　58. D. But　　59. B. ability　　60. D. brain　　61. C. to　　62. D. sensitive　　63. B. improvement　　64.B. disabilities　　65. C. hear