Friday 9/6

Why do we study history?

We study history to:

•Learn from the past (Its people and policies)

• To repeat (emulate) what worked • To not emulate (repeat) what failed It is interesting and fun!!!

Vocabulary #1

Historian-

Historian Defined

…..Someone who provides an accurate account and assessment of a historical event.

How they provide this…..

Vocabulary #5

HISTORICAL THINKING

Historical Thinking Defined

…….thinking like a historian

How:

-examine primary sources and secondary sources

-use perspective of the people living from the period being studied (seeing the event through the eyes of the people who lived it)

Monday 9/9

• Quick Review of Friday…..

– Why study history?

– What is a historian?

– How does one “historically think” about a past event?

Roles of a Historian…I Can #11. reporting and informing others of past events

2. record information of significant event happening in the present Ex.(9/11)

3. many hours spent on research

4. Interpret events…Ex. Ask, “what if it happened this way?”• -history is interpreted…it is not 100% accurate 5. analyze facts surrounding an event

Ex. What caused the depression? (Politics, warfare, taxes, disease or uneducated citizenship)

Vocabulary #6

Primary Source

Primary Source Defined

….Sources that provide first hand knowledge or evidence about a topic under investigation.

• Eyewitness to the event • Participated in the event

Examples of Primary Sources

• Letters, Diaries, autobiographies, government documents, artifacts, visual materials, videos and music

•Secondary Source-

• Sources that analyze or interpret primary sources and are one or more steps removed from the event under investigation.

Examples of Secondary Sources

• Textbooks, magazine articles or encyclopedias

Vocabulary #3

Perspective

Perspective Defined

….One’s outlook, view or feel about an event or idea.

• What can influence one’s perspective?• What is your perspective about the future?

Tuesday 9/10

• Review of Monday

• 5 roles of historians?• Primary sources? Secondary sources?• Perspective? What can influence one’s?

Vocabulary #2

•Archaeologist-

Archaeologist defined

….study and preserve artifacts from the past to answer specific questions about history.

-EX. pottery, coins, bones, weapons, clothing or writings-on location (digs, excavation)-use of aerial photography-preserve important architecture

Vocabulary #8

•Artifacts-

Artifacts defined

…an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural and historic interest.

-weapons, instruments, clothing, architecture

-antiques-look at one’s garbage

• Together, historians and archaeologists help explain events of the past from the perspective of those who lived when the events took place to avoid judging history by today’s norms and values.

Wednesday 9/11

• Tuesday’s review…

• 9/11 tribute

• What is an archaeologist?• What are artifacts? Examples..

Vocabulary #4

Norms-

Norms defined

…culturally established rules which describe appropriate behavior within a society.

-Socially approved ways of behaving

• What are some norms in our society?• Do norms change over time? (Media)

Examples of past and present Norms…

• Mothers should raise children and not work outside the home.

• Leave a tip for the waiter if the service was good.• Dress appropriately before going out in public.• People should not smoke on television or in public.• Chew food with your mouth closed.• Offer guests a drink or snack.• The youth should respect their elders.

Vocabulary #4

Values-

Values defined

Ideas and beliefs we hold as special. Things that matter to us and that are regarded as desirable.

- What are some things we value in our society?• Do values change?

Examples of Values…

• What you value as a child may change as you grow older and there order tends to change.

• Safety-living without fear of harm• Wisdom and obtaining knowledge• Achievement-accomplishing goals• Attractiveness is more important in your

young adult years.• Family and Friendships

Thursday 9/12

• Review of Wednesday…

• What are norms? Examples..

• What are values? Examples..

Geography

Who are geographers?

Geographers define

…are scientists who study the earth, its features and where they

are located or found on Earth.

Physical features-

Physical Feature Defined

.. features made by nature. These features are landforms such as: mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, deserts etc…

Human Features-

Human Features Defined

• …features that are made by humans. Your home, school and church are examples…

Absolute location-

• Absolute location uses an address or latitude and longitude to show where something is located.

• It is specific!• WMS (41.1 degrees N Latitude and 81.5 degrees W Longitude)• Judy’s address is 164 Saratoga NW, Canton, OH 44708

Relative location-

Relative Location Defined….Relative location describes location based on

what is nearby or a popular landmark.

• I live by the Pro Football Hall of Fame

• I live in Canton, Ohio

• We live by the bowling alley

Friday 9/13

• Week Review…See worksheet…Review…

Timelines

• What do timelines show?

“The Western World” (Americas and Europe)calendar and dates based on Christian belief• B.C. (Before Christ)/B.C.E. (Before Common

Era) • A.D. (Anno Domini- Latin for “in the year of

our Lord”) /C.E. (Common Era)

• A.D. 1 Jesus’ birth year

• Timelines can be viewed like a number line, chronologically from earliest to most current event.

• B.C. years are like negative integers on a number line. The numbers get smaller as you go left to right. There is no year zero.

• You go from 1 B.C. to A.D. 1. • A.D. years are like positive integers on a

number line. They get larger as you go from left to right starting from A.D. 1.

See if you can create a timeline…

• 551 B.C. Confucius is born• 476 A.D. Roman Empire ends• 264 B.C. Punic War begins• 624 A.D. Muhammad founds Islamic state in Arabia• 509 B.C. Rome becomes a republic• 44 B.C. Julius Caesar is killed• 34 A.D. Jesus is crucified• 146 B.C. Rome destroys Carthage

Key Points About Timelines

• 1. Timelines are read from left to right or top to bottom. The earliest dates are furthest to the left or at the top of the page.

• 2. When constructing a timeline, start with the earliest date first and work your way to the right.

• 3. Keep dates spaced proportionally. If there is a one inch space for events 50 years apart then make sure there is a two inch space for events 100 years apart, etc….

Thursday 9/19

• Review timelines…create a timeline with the following dates…

10 B.C.50 A.D.100 B.C.200 A.D.75 B.C.1 B.C.

Understanding Culture

Culture-

Culture Defined

…the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. It looks at a particular group and their entire way of life.

• Not all cultures are the same…explain• the “youth” culture

Examples of Cultural Traits• Food• Clothing• Music• Art• Language• Religion• Government• Science/Technology

Cultural diffusion-

Cultural Diffusion Defined

…when culture from one place is spread by the movement of people to a new place. There may be a combining of cultures due to the movement of people from place to place.

• Natural disasters, migration, war, vacations and business are some of the factors that can lead to this.

Setup

• 1. Go through list of events and describe their relations. Look for at least two common themes.

• 2. Assign name to each tier based on commonality.

• 3. Be sure to list all events on both tiers chronologically.

650 B.C 480 B.C. Xeres invades 431 B.C. Peloponnesian War begins tyrants overthrow

Greece nobles in city-states

________I_____________________________________________________________________________I_________________________________I____________________

I I I

594 B.C. 560 B.C. 461 B.C. Solon takes power Peisistratus takes power Pericles leads Athens

The top tier represents the wars of GreeceThe bottom tier represents the leaders of Greece

Timeline Check!!!

• Be sure to make sure events are spaced proportionally based on how many years come between events!!!

• B.C. years get smaller moving left to right.

• A.D. years get larger moving left to right.

Multi tier review

• 496 A.D. Clovis becomes King• 202 B.C. Han Dynasty begins• 1750 B.C. Shang Dynasty begins• 800 A.D. Charlemagne becomes emperor• 221 B.C. Qin Dynasty begins• 44 B.C. Julius Caesar declares himself dictator

Answer Key

1750 B.C. 221 B.C. 202 B.C. Shang Dyn. Qin Dyn. Han Dyn. Begins Begins Begins

__I______________II_______________________

I I I 44 B.C. 496 A.D. 800 A.D.

J. Caesar Clovis Becomes Charlemagne becomes becomes dictator King

Emperor

-Top tier events all are about China

-Bottom events are about leaders

See if you can create a multi tier timeline….

431 B.C. Peloponnesian War560 B.C. Peisistratus takes power

650 B.C. Tyrants overthrow nobles in city-states

461 B.C. Pericles leads Athens594 B.C. Solon takes power

480 B.C. Persia invades Greece