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DESCRIPTION
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1. ? .
, , , , , , , , , . . -
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. . , .- -
. . . .- -
, ; . . .- . (2002)
, . . . .-
. , .- -
1. ( palate)
. . , , , , . , , . . .
1. ( teeth)
. .
2. ( tongue)
. , , , . , , , , . . , . - - - - . . . . , . . , .
3. (lips)
. . . . , . , , . .
4. ( uvula)
.
6.
.. . . , . , , . . ( ,,, ) . . ( pharynx)
, , , . ( nasal cavity)
, . .
7. ( trachea)
. . .
7. ( epiglottis)
. , . . , .8. ( larynx)
. .
9. (vocal cords)
. . .
10. ( lungs)
, .
3. . , , . , . , , , , . 12 , 18 . 18 216 . 247 . . . . . . , . , . 18 , 16 . , . 12 . . , , , , , , 5 .
. , , . , , . : , , , , , : , , , , , : , , , , ,
p (b)t (d) ()t (d)k (g)
mn
r
l
j
.
() . , . ,
(..84) . .
, , , , .
1. (front vowels) (, ) (tongue) , , , . King Of Organ . . . , . . . . . , . . . , Velar Vowels . (Short Vowels) (Long Vowel) .
2. (Back Vowels) (, ) . . (rounded lips) . . , . , labial vowels . (short vowel) (long vowel) .
3. (Front-Mid Vowels) (, ) . (mid vowel) . . . , () () . .
4. (Black Mid Vowels) (, ) , . . . . . .5. (Low Centre Vowels) (, ) . . .
, , . , , . , , .
.
(oral cavity) , , ,
, . , . .
.:
, (., 19-21)
. , , () ., ; ; (. 76) . . . , - . , ( ) , , , (points of articulation) . (, , , (places of articulation) , 1. (Bi-labial) - , 2. (Labio-dental) - 3. (Dental) - , 4. (Alveolar) - , , , , 5. (Retroflex) - , , , 6. (Palatal) - , , , 7. (Velar) - , (Manner of articulation) . 1. (Plosive Sounds) - , , , , 2. (Nasal Sounds) - , , , , , 3. (Lateral Sounds) - , 4. (Flap Sounds) - , , 5. (Fricative Sounds) - , 6. (Semi-Vowels)- ,
2.
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( ) . . . , . . . . . , . . , . . , . , . . , , , , . . .
. . . , . . . . . . . . ., . . . . " . . . ...
( )........... , . () . 2- 2010 . . . , ; . . . . . , . . . , . . " " / . . , . () . , . . . . , / / ., , , . . , . . , !