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Page 1: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

基礎工程物理實驗

國立高雄大學電機工程學系副教授 施明昌

Page 2: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

牛頓第二運動定律實驗

實驗目的 : 驗證牛頓第二運動定律及藉由滑車 ,

氣墊軌 , 及光閘計時計來測量速度及 加速度的物理量

Page 3: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 4: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

加速度

Page 5: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

等速度 :

Page 6: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

Velocity: Acceleration: Position:

Page 7: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

碰撞實驗

實驗目的 : 驗證動量守恆 , 及能量守恆原理 , 並利 用氣墊軌道量測兩物體作彈性碰撞或 非彈性碰撞其動能 , 動量之變化關係

Page 8: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

M1 M2 V1 V2 V1’ V2’ V1’ 計算

V2’ 計算

M1=M2 211.5 211.5 69.4 68.4 61.5 61.0 69.4 68.4

M1>M2 231.5 211.5 59.8 63.6 57.4 49.7 63.4 59.0

M1<M2 211.5 231.5 60.8 58.4 47.8 48.6 58.3 60.02

21

21

21

21v

mm

2mv

mm

m-mV1'

2

21

121

21

1v

mm

m-mv

mm

2mV2'

Page 9: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

單擺實驗

實驗目的 : 觀察單擺振盪現象及其力學原理

Page 10: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 11: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

Angular Position:

Page 12: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

扭擺實驗

實驗目的 : 觀察扭擺振盪現象及其力學原理 ,

並測量物體轉動慣量 I

Page 13: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 14: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

Angular Position:

K

IT 2

KTT

IK

I

T )

2()

2(

2

Page 15: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

電容充放電實驗

實驗目的 : 觀察電容充放電現象及時間常數 RC 的量測

Page 16: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 17: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

電容放電電壓分布

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2 4 6 8

(s)時間

(v)

電壓 電容放電電壓分布

電容放電 :

Page 18: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(s)時間

t 與 )ln()(

s

t

V

V 函數圖 :

Page 19: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

)ln()(

s

t

V

Vt

RC 經由

R= 541.6M 歐姆

可計算出電容為 1μF

Page 20: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

熱傳導實驗

實驗目的 : 觀察熱傳導現象並利用蒸氣恆溫器 來測量不同物質的熱傳導係數比較

其熱傳導度與理論值之差異並觀察 冰塊融化的情形

Page 21: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 22: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

待測物 △X(mm)

A(cm2) △M(g)

△T(s)

K

1 玻璃 5 8.1 8.8 300 1.44*10-3

2 石棉 10 8.1 2.77 300 0.9*10-3

3 木頭 7 8.1 2.7 300 0.61*10-3

4 壓克力 5 8.1 0.84 300 0.138*10-3

Page 23: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

名稱熱傳導係數理論值 K (10-4) 玻璃 17.2~20.6 木頭 3.3~202 壓克力 1.13 石棉 10.3 名稱熱傳導係數誤差值 玻璃 16.27% 木頭 77.3% 壓克力 22.12% 石棉 12.62%

Page 24: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

Cs: 為冰的融解熱 80cal/g

熱導率 k 為 :

xkA

t

100Csm

tA

xCsmk

100

Page 25: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

氣體常數實驗實驗目的 : 驗證理想氣體方程式 PV=nRT 中 V

和 T 之關係 ; 並求出氣體常數 R 的實 驗值與理論值之誤差理論值 R = 0.082 atm.L/mole.K

= 62.4mmHg .L/mole.K 此實驗 n 值為 3.76 x 10-3 mole

加熱平容積 + 導管容積 =92.22ml

Page 26: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 27: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 28: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

定壓 :

V-T圖

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

14.5

0 20 40 60 80 100

( C)溫度 。(ml)

容積 容積

Page 29: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

定容

Page 30: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 31: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

RC 電路

實驗目的 : 認識 RC 電路特性及學習示波 器及函數產生器之使用

Page 32: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 33: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

微分電路 :

積分電路 :

Page 34: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

惠斯登電橋實驗

實驗目的 : 利用惠斯登電橋測量待測電阻值、驗 證電阻線長度 (L) 、截面積 (A) 與電阻

值 (R) 之關係以及測量長直電阻線電阻值 ( 一般極小 ) 並推算其電阻係數

Page 35: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

4

3

2

1

R

R

R

R

Page 36: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

待測電阻 R2( 實驗值 )

R1( 實驗值 )

實驗值平均

10 8.5 11.3 9.9

100 88 114.3 101.15

1000 890 1111 1000.5

單位 : 歐姆

單位 : 歐姆

Page 37: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

未知電阻 (R2) 實驗值 標準值 ( 色碼 )

電阻 A 1.236 1.2

電阻 B 10.37 10.4

電阻 C 19.07 22

3

412l

lRR

Page 38: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

電流天秤

實驗目的 : 觀察兩平行電流導線間作用力 , 並 利用電流天秤原理 , 求出磁導率比 較和標準值 1.26x10-6(Henry/M) 之 誤差

Page 39: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

m(g) I(A) I2 (A2) V(v)

1 0.02 7.73 59.7529 2

2 0.04 8.55 73.1025 2

3 0.06 9.50 90.25 2.3

Page 40: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer
Page 41: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

m-i 2̂

010

2030

4050

6070

8090

100

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

m

i2̂

1數列

Page 42: Fundamental Physics Laboratory For Engineer

R

LIIFmg ba

2

0