Future Mobile

Communication Trends

2011.6.28.

Song Pyeong Jung

pjsong@etri.re.kr

I. Background

II. Future IMT Access NW 아키텍쳐

III. Future IMT Access NW 요소기술

IV. Future IMT 모바일 지식클라우드 사례

V. Summary

Topics

2

3

Background

위대핚 사고의 시대는 지났으며,

영리핚 모방이 효과적읶 젂략이다 (“혁싞과 모방”中에서 스티브 던필드)

iPhone, and CDMA, OFDMA, 5G….

4

Background

무선통싞의 현황 – 국내 (2010 vs. 2015, 트래픽 양 40배)

Src 방송통싞위원회

’09.10 ‘10.07

127 156

453

‘10.08 ’09.12 ‘10.01 ‘10.06

184 218

‘10.05 ‘10.09 ’15.09 ’15.08

16,640 18,120

’15.06

100

단위:TB

40배

6,560

40배

40배 421

164

LG U+ KT SKT

40배 40배

„10.08 – 국내 통싞 3사 무제핚 데이터 요금제 젂면 도입 „10.10 – 핚국형 스카이프 등장(와이파이 무료/3G:데이터요금차감) „10.11 – 아이패드, 갤럭시탭 등 스마트패드(태블릿PC) 공급 ‟11.이후 – IPTV+, 커넥티드 TV, 스마트 TV, 소셜 네트워크, 초정밀 LBS, 초경량/저젂력 센서 등 본격 확산

무선 읶터넷 트래픽 젂망

5

Background

무선통싞의 현황 – 세계

새로운 모바읷 디바이스 출현 (smart-phonized w/ large screen, M2M),

동영상 트래픽 본격화, 클라우드 서비스의 확산 및 요금 파격제 (flat-rate)

등으로 모바읷 트래픽은이 급증하는 상황에서,

사업자의 이윢과 싞규 투자비간 de-coupling 발생 (Dumb Pipe)

* (Single YouTube video ~ SMS의 500,000배 Not be charged in the same manner)

Src Global Mobile IP Traffic Will Grow [Cisco]

Background

MWC2011 상황 (short-term)

New Applications

& Contents

Service

Platforms Network

Infra

유무선

Devices

개방형 통합 플랫폼 (V H platform);

(e.g, 바다 OS 2.0 : Multi-tasking, WAC,

NFC, HTML5 지원)

WAC, WP7

Smart devices, Easy user interface, new D2D service model

eHealth sensors, Nano-scale device sensors, etc

갤럭시S2, 옵티머스 3D, 엑스페리아 플레이, NFC/RFID, EPG

HCS w/Small cells (DAS, RRH, Femto)

Telematics, Smart Grid as a Infra

Uni-RAN, Single-RAN (DT), SCAN)

Mobile Internet (SNS, AR, Clouding)

mAdvertisement, mHealth, mCloud

실시간 통역, IT-Car 융합, Music 다운,

NW Society, N screen, (iCloud),,

VoLTE with RCS (V.W in 2012)

Trigger!

10년 후의 상황? 6

7

Future IMT Overview

Design Target -2020 (2010 vs. 2020) (long-term)

무선 트래픽 볼륨 1,000배 증가

사업자 수익? (Big Dilemma)

에너지 젃감윣 1,000배 감소

네트워크 비용 1,000배 감소

(cost/bit)

네트워크 처리 용량 1,000배 증가

스펙트럼 싞규대역 500MHz (FCC)

디바이스 개수 10~1,000배 증가

단말 젂송속도 1,000배 증가 (~ 1Gbps/user)

Future IMT (5G)를 통핚 IT 혁싞 필요!

Future IMT Approaches

Future IMT (RAN Part)

Future Services

Future Network

Topology

Future Enabling

Technologies

Future IMT

Approach

Revolution Approach (5G)

Lower “Cost per Bit” ;

Multi-tier network (w/

Multi-tier spectrum)

Adaptive based Self-

organizing topology..

More capacity;

Mobile cloud

Cooperative techniques

Advanced BF

Enhanced QoE (video)

Energy efficiency, etc

Mobile IT as-a-Service; 실감형 3D 소셜 서비스 모바읷 지식 클라우드 IoT 기반 열린 서비스마켓

?

Enhanced LTE-Adv (MIMO/ CoMP..)

Enhanced Mobile-WiMAX ( “ )

Remote radios (RRH)

Mobile WiFi, etc

10GHz Evolution Approach (B4G)

8

Hot to approach?

VII. 서비스 추진 체계 – ORC(Open Research Center)

Future IMT 이슈 – RAN 분야

Category R&D Issues

RAN 아키텍쳐

Multi-tier radio access network architecture

RAN 요소기술

Harmonized spectrum Advanced SDMA Cognitive radio systems Inter-tier interference Client collaboration Virtual radio network Enhancing QoE, etc

D-RAN, 기타기술

Wireless low-power wide area device networks Personal space communication Organic-computing based device network Bio-inspired communications and networks Low-cost device (hw, sw), Lower power RF modem Quantum cryptography Wireless optic, Next WiFi, VLC, etc

9

RAN : Radio Access Network

D-RAN : Device-Radio Access Network

Future IMT –

Access Network

Architecture

11

Future IMT Access NW Architecture

Multi-tier access networks architecture 무선자원 효윣 (time, freq., code), 링크 레벨 성능( “Shannon”) 등은 핚계 상황

혁싞적 무선 원천 추구 보단 토폴로지 차원의 접귺이 효과적…!

(e.g, 서비스특성과 젂파홖경 고려, 다양핚 시스템으로 구성되는 오버레이 셀 토폴로지)

R&D Issues

Aggressive “multi-tier cell & spectrum” structure (HCS/WS-WiFI/VLC, use of unlicensed bands)

Areal capacity gain (e.g, 100 Gbps/Km^2, 100 times @ 4G BS)

Distributed Antenna System (often LOS & reduced path-loss capacity increases & coverage extension )

Localization of data access server (controller, storage, CDN)

Self-organized & scalable multi-access networks (capacity, QoE, offloading, cost per bit), etc

The Basic Concept

Src Future 802.16 Networks Overlay-cell scenario

(상호 보완적)

12

Future IMT Access NW Architecture

A model of multi-tier access network architecture Heterogeneous multi-tier access approach (e.g, HetNet, HCS)

Homogeneous multi-tier access approach with multi-tier spectrums (ex, 3-tier cells, separation between digitals and radios, DAS, unified RI, etc )

DC : Digital Cloud node

M : Mother-Radio Unit

S : Son-Radio Unit

L-Server : Localizd Access Server

D-NW : Device Network

D : Devices (e.g, Human,

Machine, Sensor, etc)

Wireless

Macro (BAND-A)

Micro/ Pico/.. (BAND-B)

Other- types (BAND-C)

Network Infra

Digital Cloud

M M

S S

M

S S

D D

Group

Devices Clustered

Device Network Stand-alone

Device

L-Server

GW Fiber

D D

Cooperative

Network

D

Digital

part

Radio

part ... ...

D-GW

X2a

S S

D

How to interwork 5G to 4G/B4G? Example scenarios;

Heterogeneous multi-tier access approach („1‟, „2‟)

Homogeneous multi-tier access approach („3‟)

Future IMT Access NW Architecture

3) 5G‟‟ 2) 5G‟

1) 5G

Src 3GPP

Future IMT –

기본 요소기술

15

Future IMT 요소기술 - Requirements

Req‟t & key technologies for increasing capacity

(1) Increase Power

(S) Cooperative systems

(L) Multi-tier cell architecture (back-haul, moving-group cells) + CS

(2) Increase Bandwidth

(S) Cognitive Radio

(L) Multi-tier spectrum structure (cellular-band, 10GHz~) + CR

(3) More Channels

(S) MIMO

(L) Spatial Reuse (sharp beams using license-exempt band)

)/1(log 2 NPBC ii

Channels

(1) (2) (3)

Src The Hong Kong University

16

Future IMT 요소기술 – Spectrum

New or Harmonized spectrum - One of the key issue! For more mobile broadband, new or harmonized spectrum is needed!

R&D Issues

Urgent need to investigate more band

More IMT spectrum to be identified?

New or Harmonized spectrum?

Harmonized spectrum in UHF band;

698-806MHz, 2.6GHz and C-band (3400-3600/3800/4200 MHz)

C-band for mobile broadband

Brand new spectrum in SHF/EHF band;

기존 5GHz 이하 대역으론 어려움 (Shannon boundary에 귺접)

3D/Hologram contents 등은 수백 Gbps 시스템 용량 필요

SHF 및 EHF 대역 홗용 기술 (저가용 RF 소자 등)

The Basic Concept

Src ETRI & Future 802.16 Networks

FDD band plan of 2x45MHz for 698-806MHz

SHF/EHF Band 홗용 기술

17

Future IMT 요소기술 – Antennas

Distributed Antenna Systems – Good gain! A network of spatially separated antennas ( “nodes”) within a geographic area

DAS (4 antennas) show nearly 300% gain over CAS by utilizing MU MIMO

R&D Issues

Radio-over-fiber DAS

안테나 어레이간 협력 통싞, 고속 핶드오버, 간섭 관리 및 젂력제어 기술

Capacity-enhancing MIMO tech.

Efficient high-order MU-MIMO by

detailed channel feedback

SNR-enhancing Beam-Forming

CH feedback control for dynamic

beam selection, interference-sensing,

high-precision array calibration

Simple deployment using arbitrary

sectorization, Lower tx power by high

beam gains, and Higher system

capacity by Interference nulling, etc

The Basic Concept

Src Future 802.16 Networks

Radio-over-fiber DAS approach (Taiwan Rail Bullet train (~300km/h)

Weekday Traffic Weekend Traffic

Dynamic Beam-Forming

18

Future IMT 요소기술 – Cognitivity

Cognitive Radio Systems – Next paradigm!

CR could introduce new ecosystems (Applications-/ Network-/ Radio- cognitivity).

Cognitive Radio Systems – next paradigm! (2010 Nokia & NSN)

R&D Issues

CR tightly associated with SON

Self configuration & optimization

Machine learning radio environment based on measurements and reports

Learning & adapting

Advanced RRM

Dynamic freq. channel allocation

Primary-secondary methods

Joint RRM

Flexible PHY features

Carrier aggregation, D2D

Multi-RAT support from UE & BTS

Software Defined Radio

The Basic Concept

Src 2010 Nokia & NSN

CR mechanism

19

Future IMT 요소기술 – Interference

Inter-Tier Interference Interference between multi-tiers (macro-femto) when reusing common spectrum

Align transmit directions in advance so that interfering signals all (seem to) come from the same “direction”.

R&D Issues

Advanced global radio resource manag.

Intelligent spectrum partitioning

among tiers

Fractional frequency reuse, femto

free time-zoning, power control

Interference Sensing with Cell Shaping

Use of antenna arrays to place

nulls in the direction of interfering

neighbors

Interference Alignment

Improvement of uplink and

downlink transmissions of cell-edge

users; Low receiver complexity

The Basic Concept

Src Future 802.16 Networks

Tx signal Rx signal

20

Future IMT 요소기술 – Virtual Radio

Multi-virtual RANs on a shared-infra – Next RAN!

Determine required nodes!

Configure virtual nodes!

R&D Issues

Multi-virtual radio Networks on single

common infra.

Logical networks on shared infrastructure

Cost-efficiency (re-use and sharing of network-infra.)

Flexibility (customizable via reconfiguration and Faster deployment of networks)

Evolvability

New business roles and eco-system

Separation of network infrastructure and network functionality Is it feasible?

The Basic Concept

Src : Ericsson

Basic : 핚 개 phy res를 여러 log res로 share하는 기술 Example: 핚 개 기지국 res를 여러 MNNO가 분핛하여 자원의 최적 홗용 추구

21

Wireless low-power wide area device networks (not updated)

R&D Issues

(Support the number of

simultaneous connected devices

within several Km of cell radius

(10,000 devices), and the data

rates of each device (several Kbps)

(Based on ITU-R WP5A)

(Wide-area) Cellular-based radio

transmission technology dedicated

to M2M connection

(Low-power & small-sized) Wireless

power supply, micro-miniature

modems, computing engine, small

antenna, and dead-spot

compensation technologies, etc

(Platforms) M2M embedded

mobile platform technology (HW /

SW), etc

The Basic Concept

Src ITU-R WP5A

10k

1k

100

10

1k 10k 100k

Transmission rate [bps]

Cel

l siz

e [m

]

1M 10M 100M 1G

WASN

IMT

RLAN

SRD

UWB

Outdoors

Wide-area

Mobile

Indoors

Local area

Nomadic

10k

1k

100

10

1k 10k 100k

Transmission rate [bps]

Cel

l siz

e [m

]

1M 10M 100M 1G

WASN

IMT

RLAN

SRD

UWB

Outdoors

Wide-area

Mobile

Indoors

Local area

Nomadic

Future IMT 요소기술 – Wide Area Device NW

22

Personal Space Communication (WPAN, IEEE 802.15psc)

R&D Issues

Typically operating in a range of

30m in 2.4GHz and 60GHz bands

(broad range:10 Kbps to 55 Mbps )

Applications (Smart group games,

Personal sensor network, PBS, etc)

Target to Super-RF/PHY/ MAC

Frequency diversity without ARQ

Synchronization for packet deliver

in Container, QoS, Security, etc

The Basic Concept

Src IEEE 802.15-09-0723-02-wng0

Future IMT 요소기술 – Personal Space Comm.

23

Bio-Inspired Communications and Networks

R&D Issues

(Definition) Inspired by

life/organism, challenge of solving

an increasingly complex

communication network

(Organism) Holding the evolution

through learning, cognitive self-

organization, quick adaptation to

environmental changes

(Swarm Intelligence) Inspired from

the Swarm Intelligence, scalable

and efficient configuration of very

large networks (Routing and

resource management in WSN)

(Artificial Immune System) Inspired

by the immune system, the self-

healing study of complexity

network caused by external attack

or internal error, etc

The Basic Concept

Src K.H.Cho KAIST

Future IMT 요소기술 – Bio-Inspired Network

24

Future IMT 요소기술 – BuNGee 프로젝트

유럽의 차세대 광대역 모바읷 읶프라 기술 Alvarion을 비롯 유럽 중소업체 및 York 대학 중심으로 출범 (2010년 1월)

Gigabit Mobile Networks와 시스템 용량 고도화가 타겟

is needed! R&D Issues

1Gbps/Km^2 지원 기술

density of 8,000 people/Km2

only 10% broadband access

20% access at the same time

User rate: 5Mbps.

Required capacity : 800 Mbps/Km2

HBS, ABS, Relay 및 무선 백홀로 구성되는 아키텍쳐 기술

시스템 용량 고도화 기술 (HCS 기반

비용 및 에너지 효윣 개선, Space 자원

최대 홗용 (space, polarization), CR (비면허) 및 간섭 관리 등)

저간섭/고효윣 통싞 기술 (HCS 구조의

“SDMA-MIMO 기반 협력통싞” 기술 등)

The Basic Concept

Src FP7 BuNGee project BuNGee‟s System Architecture

Future IMT-

사례 모델 소개 (모바일 지식 클라우드 서비스)

모바읷 지식 클라우드

Src ETRI Proposal

Information

(M2M)

2010~

Knowledge

(IoT)

~2020

Wisdom

(AToN)

2020 ~

Data

(USN/WSN, RFID)

~ 2010

Inferences based

Raw data based

7 billion/Population

7000B Wireless Devices

(WWRF23, 2009)

Data

(WSN, RFID)

Information

(M2M)

Knowledge

(IoT)

Person Person

Thing

Thing

Mac

hine

Mac

hine

Wisdom

(AToN)

6.7 billion/Population

10B wireless Devices

(IDTechEx/Gartner)

AToN : All Things on Network

정보의 진화 패러다임 (DIKW 모델)

27

모바읷 지식 클라우드

지식 클라우드 서비스 - 개념 사용자의 행동(이력)과 주변사물의 상황 정보에 의미와 가치를 부여핚 “지식”을 이용 ,

사용자가 원하는 형태의 가치(essential value info.)를 네트워크이 제공해 주는 서비스

개읶의 경험사례를 자유롭게 “사고 팔 수” 있는 양방향 오픈지식 마켓

누구나 쉽게 개읶 고충을 해소핛 수 있는 개읶 컨설팅 서비스

개읶 취향에 맞게 정보 가공이 쉬운 조립형 콘텎트 서비스 (Ikea effect)

지식 클라우드 서비스 개념도

Src ETRI Proposal

모바일 지식 클라우드

지식 클라우드 시스템 - 구성 지식통싞 서비스, 서비스 플랫폼, 액세스 네트워크, 디바이스 네트워크로 구성

Src ETRI Proposal

29

모바읷 지식 클라우드

지식 클라우드 서비스 - 이슈 (Customized consulting service)

R&D Issues

Application model (e.g.

customized consulting

service ; legal, education,

medical, financial)

양질의 검증된 “재산법률자문”, “맞춤형 입학 컨설팅” 을

부담없이!

“TRIZ” consulting issues

(Altshuller, Theory of

inventive problem solving)

Sixth sense communication

(MIT Media Lab, 2009)

Ambient Interaction

service(Context-recognition

thru sensors and actuators ,

pervasive intelligent device),,

The Basic Concept

Access Infra

Device

Network

Semantic

응용서버

Center

1

6

3 3

World Knowledge

NW

4

6

Service Platform

Service

Brokering

Knowledge

Building

Context

Data

건강상담

자녀교육 재산상속 부부갈등

노후상담

Smart Node

World Knowledge

NW

Servers

Src ETRI Proposal

現 2

5 5

30

모바일 지식 클라우드

서비스 플랫폼 이슈 (Customized service)

Src ETRI Proposal

Context Data Cloud

Knowledge Building Cloud

Service Brokering Cloud

Context

acquisition

Context

modeling

Context

reasoning

Intention Inference Learning

Dynamic Service Discovery

Dynamic Service Composition

Context-adaptive Service

Management

Real-time Service

monitoring

Dynamic binding

Dynamic replacement

Network Adaptation

P

S

I

K

S

I

C

S

I

Prediction

Semantic based Service Platform

Network

Infra

Customized advertising

While driving After work

Dev. Status

Comm. NW Home NW Car NW Internet

Loc. Info.

Electro. Status

Traffic Info.

Accident Info.

Contents Web (SNS)

During meeting (Auto translator)

< R&D Issues >

SOA-based

service

component

High-level

programming

interface

Open interface

technology

Scalable platform

building tech.

Service agent

tech. of

embedded

device

Context

aggregation

A variety of

device network

devices - servers

31

모바읷 지식 클라우드

액세스 네트워크 이슈

R&D Issues Multi-tier cell topology

(distributed /decentralized

deployment, Flatter

architecture)

Separation of digital part and

radio part (flexible & scalable

deploy, lower CAPEX/OPEX)

Higher-dimensional antenna

array (Dynamic beam, highly-

accurate array calibration)

Energy-efficient operation

Radio resource virtualization &

federation

Interworking to WiFi, VLC,

FMC and legacy, etc

The Basic Concept

Src ETRI Proposal

Digital Cloud Node

Multi-tier structure

32

모바읷 지식 클라우드

다중 빔 추적 안테나 이슈

R&D Issues

SHF/EHF 대역에서 대용량 무선백홀

젂송, 가입자당 GiGa 급의 무선젂송

고속 빔 추적 안테나 기술

기지국당 Sub-Tera급 무선젂송을 위핚 고속ㆍ정밀 빔형성 제어 및 광대역

무선자원의 다중채널 홗용기술

비대칭 빔을 이용핚 고속안테나 위치

추적 기술 (고속 이동체 추적 등)

3차원 지리, 건물 및 젂파 경로 정보를

고려핚 N차원 셀 설계 기술

빔간 충돌에 의핚 빔간 간섭 해소 기술

고속 이동에 따른 빔간 핶드오버 기술

세밀 빔 형성 및 운젂을 통핚 공간자원

스케쥴링 및 재홗용 기술

Use cases: 고속 이동체 그룹 통싞, 무선 백홀 및 오프로딩 등

The Basic Concept

Src ETRI Proposal

DCN

Knowledge Based Service

Semantic Service Repository

Location Server

Operation Server

비대칭 빔(레이더) 기술을 이용한 고속안테나 위치추적

Network Infra

33

모바읷 지식 클라우드

디바이스 네트워킹 이슈

R&D Issues (Concept) 사람-사물-홖경의 유기적

연결을 통해 지식 정보를 창출하고

소비하는 초소형 및 저젂력 디바이스간 통싞기술

IT applications (e.g, smart-Grid,

medical, content-delivery, etc)

Organic based device networking

(Dynamic, self-tunable & optimized

network configuration)

A traffic-aware & application-

aware device (PHY)

Inter-device interference alignment

Group mobility support

Multi-hop relay, Path redundancy

& local forwarding, etc

The Basic Concept

Src ETRI Proposal

5G Positioning

5G is a research item for next-generation mobile cellular

5G is the next major phase of mobile telecom

5G Concepts

Basic concepts : “Wireless WWW”, “Wireless Everywhere”, “Full graphics and

multimedia capability”, “Mobile Super High-way”, “Real wireless world”, etc !

Key Words : Much strong (Capacity + Cost + Green + Security + Reality + etc) + No

limitation (Ubiquitous; 단말의 위치, 액세스 방식, QoE)

3G : 싸고 빠르게 (e.g, Wibro) 5G : 싸고 빠르고 깨끗하고 안젂하고 실감나게!

5G Key Technology

기본적으로, 기존의 무선 자원 (Time, Freq, Code, Space)중 Space 자원을 정교하게 이용하는 솔루션을 고려중!

읷례로, 다중 빔 추적, Massive MIMO, Shannon Theory 극복기술 등 연구

왜? 5년/10년 후 트래픽 쓰나미 가능성으로 읶핚 무선 읶프라 대혼란 대비

[Ref] 5G Current Status

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Summary

(주파수/서비스) 새로운 주파수 자원 및 원천 발굴을 통핚 읶프라

비용 젃감과 영상 기반의 高수익형 서비스 모델 개발 시급

(De-coupling revenue from traffic; 지식클라우드 서비스)

(네트워크) 저비용으로 大용량 무선 네트워크 건설이 가능핚

“Flexible & over-lay cell topology” 수용이 효과적 (High Areal

Capacity; 多계층 셀 및 스펙트럼 구조)

(무선통싞) 미래의 “Traffic Tsunami“에 대처하는 길은 핵심 원천

연구가 가장 효과적 솔루션! (First Mover; 세계최고의 양질 읶터넷)

(Key-words) 저비용/저젂력/고효윣 (읶프라) + 고수익(서비스);

Multi-tier cell, spatial reuse, SHF/EHF, SNS, IoT, mobile cloud,

localized access, cooperative, device network, cognitivity, green-

radio,SON, overlay, back-haul, interworking, etc

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Reference

[1] ETRI, “지식통싞서비스- 5G를 위핚 변화 및 도젂”, 제17회

이동통싞기술 워크숖, 2011

[2] IEEE 802.16ppc, “IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access

Working Group ”, 2011

[3] ETRI Proposal외 다수

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Q & A !