Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Future Technologiesin Power Systems

Vice President

2016

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ONConstruction of Low-Carbon Society Using Superconducting

and Cryogenics TechnologyMarch 8, 2016

Dr. Shirabe Akita

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What is Future Power System Technologies in

“Construction of Low-Carbon Society”

● Selection of Primary Energy► Solar ► Wind on Shore / off Shore► Hydro► Biomass► Geothermal► Nuclear

2016

2016 3

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and Several Key New Technologies● Superconducting Technology

► SC Power Cable Including DC► SC Generator with Low Reactance► SC Wind Generator

● Semiconductor Power Device► SiC

● Energy Storage Technology► Li- Ion Batteries ► SMES

● Advanced Thermal Power Generation► Fast Response► Low Minimum Load

2016

Location & spec・Asahi S/S, Yokohama, TEPCO’s network・66 kVrms-1.75 kArms / 200 MVA, 240 m

Check items for the system・Reliable and stable operation over 1 year・Cooling controllability at heat load fluctuation・Maintenance without system shutdown

First ‘in real-grid’ HTS Cable demonstration in JapanLocation & spec・Asahi S/S, Yokohama, TEPCO’s network・66 kVrms-1.75 kArms / 200 MVA, 240 m

Host Power Company

HTS cable system design, manufacture and installationCooling system design,manufacture and installationRefrigerator developmentProject funding and management

Refrigerator development

Project overview

Tokyo

Site

2016 5

“3-in-One” Type HTS CableThree cores are housed in one cryostat.Copper Stranded Former

Electrical Insulation（PPLP＋LN2）

LN2 flow channel

Superconducting Shield（BSCCO tapes in 2 layers)

Superconducting conductor（BSCCO tapes in 4 layers)

Thermal insulation pipe (Cryostat)

HTS cables will be key technology for next-generation grid“Large capacity” : equivalent to conventional cables “Compact size” : installed within existing conduits“Low loss” : less than 1/2 of conventional cables

Characteristics and structure

2016 6

Trans154/66kV200MVA

Monitoringhouse

Joint

CB

CH

LS1

CB1

CH

LS10

CB2

T2 T1

P

Ref

Site office

LS2

~250 meter HTS cable

Terminations

Cooling systemhouse

Trans154/66kV200MVA

Monitoringhouse

Joint

CB

CH

LS1

CB1

CH

LS10

CB2

T2 T1

P

Ref

Site office

LS2

~250 meter HTS cable

Terminations

Cooling systemhouse HTS cable

Cooling system house

HTS cable terminations

System Layout

2016 7

Current status of SiC technologySiC semiconductors as a power saving technology for wide range applications

Production of 6-inch wafers is started.1200V class SiC SBDs, MOSFETS and equipment installing SBDs are on the market.SBD-equipped trains are running on the rail.

www.infineon.com

1200V SBDs 1200V MOSFETs

www.cree.com www.mitsubishielectric.co.jp www.nissan.co.jp

www.mitsubishielectric.co.jp

1700V-1200ASiC-SBD/Si-IGBT power module

electric train(Ginza-line)

>10 kV SiC bipolar devices are expectedin power transmission/distribution system

(still need basic material research)

15% reduction of the converter loss

30% reduction of the total system loss

2016 8

Inductioncoil

Susceptor(φ175 mm)

Hot wallSiC substrate

H2+SiH4+C3H8(10-50 Torr)

Quartztube

1650 °C, 15 Torr, H2 70slm

250 µm/h @1650°C

SiC crystal for low-loss >10 kV devices(i) >100 µm thick epitaxial growth(ii) 1014 cm-3 range doping control(iii) >10 µs carrier lifetimes

Very thick, high-quality SiC epitaxial layers are requested

Achievement of very high growth rates in the original CVD reactor by CRIEPI

n- drift

p+ layerp+ buffer

n layer

Cross-sectional view of SiC-IGBT

n buffer

CRIEPI: Appl. Phys. Express 1, 015001 (2008)

2016 9

Vertical gas-flow

High-speed rotation

Planer heaterUniform heating

High growth rate

Uniform gas distribution

NFT: Si industrial reactor

Large diameter waferHigh throughput (high-T wafer loading, quick heating & cooling)

Rotation

SiC wafer

Source gasDevelopment of6-inch SiC epitaxialgrowth process

High quality SiC epitaxy for

car applications

H2+SiH4+C3H8+HCl

150 mmφSiC wafer~1650ºC

upper heater

lower heater

1000rpm

high-speed rotationCRIEPI: Appl. Phys. Express 7, 015502 (2014), ICSCRM20142016 10

(a)Okinawa(Na/S:4MW,LIB:100kW)

(FY2010-16)

(b)Hokuriku(LIB:100 kWh)(FY2010-11)

(d)Kyusyu(LIB:4MW)(FY2012-16)

(i) Hokkaido(RF:15MW)(FY2013-18)

(h) Tohoku(LIB:40MW) × 2(FY2013-18)

(f)Kansai(LIB:100kW)(FY2013-15)

(c)Tokyo(LIB:900kW)(FY2010-14)

(e)Chubu(LIB:250kW)(FY2012-15)

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(g)Chugoku(Na/S:4.2MW,LIB:2MW)(FY2015-17)

Mainly Lithium-ion Battery(LIB) only, except (a),(g),(j): Na/S Battery,(i):Redox-Flow(RF) Battery

Field Tests of BES by Electric Power Companies in Japan

2016

(j) Kyusyu(Na/S : 50MW)(FY2015-19 )

Actual Installation in Tohoku Power Grid (1)

Introduction of power control equipments (SVR,SVC etc.)*Introduction of Battery**

*SVR: Step Voltage RegulatorSVC：Static Var Compensator

Nishi-Sendai Substation,Tohoku Electric Power Company

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20MWh/40MW Lithium-ion battery system

Construction started on Nov., 2013

All construction work completed by Feb., 2015

Planned 3-years Demonstration by Mar., 2018

**Ref. Tohoku Electric Power Company, Press Release, 20/Feb./2015.

2016

Actual Installation in Tohoku Power Grid (2)

40MWh/40MW Lithium-ion Battery Systemat Minami-Souma Substation

132016

Ref. Tohoku Electric Power Company, Press Release, 26/Feb./2016.

＋－

SEI*

Degraded＋－

SEI*Irreversible consumption of lithium on anode

Inactivation of cathode materials

New

SEI*：Solid Electrolyte Interface

Li+Li+

Capacity Fading Model of Lithium-ion Cells

2016 14

Cell voltage = Cathode voltage – Anode voltageCell capacity = Overlap region between cathode and anode

Discharge capacity (mAh g-1)

Initial dislocation

Vd

Volta

ge (

V)

Cell capacity

Cathode

Anode

Discharge capacity (mAh g-1)

Vd

Volta

ge (

V)Cell capacity

Anode

B: Inactivation of cathode materials

Cathode

Anode material degradation=> No contribution to cell capacity

Rising of Vd andcathode SOC

Vd0 Vd0

A: Dislocation increase

Initial dislocation

SEI：Solid Electrolyte Interface

Analysis of Each Electrode Capacities Using “Nico-ichi” Cells*

DegradedNew

*Ref. K. Shono, et al., CRIEPI Report, Q13006 (2014). 2016 15

【Control System】

【Test Cell】

Test Cell10 Ah～100 Ah Class

C/D system5V-(100A～300A)×100ch

Large Battery Test System

20162016 16

Actual Installation in Hokkaido Power Grid

60MWh/15MW Redox-Flow(RF) Batteryat Minami-Hayakita Substation

172016

•

http://www.sei.co.jp/company/press/2015/12/prs098.html

Actual Installation in Kyusyu Power Grid

300MWh/50MW NaS Batteryat Buzen Power Substation

182016

•http://www.shimbun.denki.or.jp/news/energy/20160304_01.html

http://www.mitsubishielectric.co.jp/news/2015/0622-b.html

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Advanced Thermal Power Generation

NEDO Feasibility Studies(2015 Feb. – 2016 Feb.)

“Research and Development of Advanced Gas Turbinefor Firming Grid in Renewable Energy Age”

R&D Organization

Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEP) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. (MHPS) TOSHIBA CORPORATION Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI) IHI Corporation

2016

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Research and Development of Advanced Gas Turbine for Firming Grid in Renewable Energy Age

・The object of this theme is to clarify the targets to research anddevelop advanced gas turbine for firming grid in the age when a largeamount of renewable energy is introduced.

・We research and investigate technologies and problems to improveflexibility of gas turbine systems.

R&D Themes and Objectives

R&D Background

・ Introducing a large amount of renewable energy into powergeneration is one of effective alternatives to reduce CO2 emissions.

・The advanced technology of gas turbine systems to achieve highflexibility is important for firming electric power grid.

2016

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Research and Development of Advanced Gas Turbine for Firming Grid in Renewable Energy Age

Demand side

Renewable energy power generationAdvanced gas turbine systems

for firming grid

Time

Power demandPower supply

and demand

Based power

Renewable energy power

Advanced GT power

Image

2016

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Research and Development of Advanced Gas Turbine for Firming Grid in Renewable Energy Age

1. Analysis of effects of rapid load change on gas turbine

2. Technology for rapid response and margin increase to loadchange

3. Rapid load following and rapid start-up technology

4. Technology to adjust power output by predicting load

5. Technology to suppress material degradation resultingfrom thermal transient response and cyclic stresses

R&D Items

20162016

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Research and Development of Advanced Gas Turbine for Firming Grid in Renewable Energy Age

Targets of Development

Example of results

The Report will be uploaded on NEDO web site… coming soon

Gas Turbine size ～10MW 10～100MW 100MW～

Output change rate 40%/min 50%/min 50%/min

Minimum load ------- 10% 10%

Start-up time 5min 6min10min

(GTCC)

Maximum efficiency 36%（LHV） 58%（LHV） 63%（LHV）

2016

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Low-Carbon Society

will be realized by

Many Future Key Power Technologies !

2016