gaa-izhi-naazikang nenabozho i’iw ishkode gaa-tibaajimod...

Gaa-Izhi-Naazikang Nenabozho I’iw Ishkode

Gaa-Tibaajimod Waasaagoneshkang

Gaa-Anishinaabewisidood William Jones

Gaa-Oshki-Anishinaabewisidood Rand Valentine

This story is one of many recorded by William Jones at the turn of the century

(Ojibwa Texts, AMS Press, 1974, pp. 6-15). The storyteller was the gifted

Waasaagoneshkang, who lived at Pelican Lake, near Bois Fort, Minnesota.

Waasaagoneshkang had grown up in the vicinity of Rainy River, Rainy Lake, and Lake

of the Woods. I have retranscribed the story in the modern double-vowel writing system,

and have included grammatical notes on each of the words in the story, as an aid to

language learners. Section numbers are strictly for the convenience of language learners,

and are not in the original.

I.

Aaniish, mii sa iw zhigwa gii-nitawigi’aad a’aw mindimooyenh. (1)

Mii sa iw zhayiigwa ogii-inaan iniw ookomisan:

“Gaawiin ina ningoji anishinaabeg gigikenimaasiig ji-ayaawaad?”

(2)

“Enye’,” ogii-igoon iniw ookomisan,

“O’owidi agaami-gichigami ayaawag igiw anishinaabeg.”

(3)

“Gonage kaa odayaanziinaawaadog i’iw ishkode?” (4)

“Enye’,” ogii-igoon iniw ookomisan,

“Geget odayaanaawaa i’iw ishkode.”

(5)

O’ow idash ogii-inaan iniw ookomisan:

“Ambe sa noo, ninga-naazikaan i’iw ishkode,”

ogii-inaan iniw ookomisan.

(6)

O’ow idash ogii-igoon iniw ookomisan:

“Gaawiin gidaa-gashkitoosiin.

(7)

Geget aapiji oganawendaanaawaa i’iw sa endaawaad. (8)

Akiwenzii i’imaa ayaa. (9)

Mii go apane dasing giizhigadinig asabiin ozhi’aad. (10)

Gaawiin wiikaa ningoji izhaasii, (11)

mii go apane imaa biindig ayaad.

Niizhiwa’ idash i’iw odaanisa’,

mii eta i’iw moozhag agwajiing eyaanid.”

(12)

O’ow idash ogii-inaan iniw ookomisan:

“Maanoo ninga-izhaa,”


(13)

“Awawa,” ogii-igoon iniw ookomisan. (14)

II.

Aaniish mii sa apii zhigwa gaa-ikidod:

“Ambe sa noo da-gashkadin o’ow gichigami,

wiigwaas-apakwaaning da-wii-apiitadin o’ow gichigami.”

(15)

Mii sa geget gaa-izhiwebadinig iw isa gaa-ikidod. (16)

“O’ow idash ninga-izhinaagoz,” gii-ikido,

“Nindawaa ninga-waaboozoonsiw.”

(17)

Aaniish mii sa geget gaa-izhinaagozid. (18)

Mii sa zhigwa gii-maajiyaadagaakod. (19)

Mii sa geget gaawiin gii-dwaashinzii. (20)

III.

Aaniish mii sa ogikenimaan i’imaa ayaanid i’iw anishinaabe’. (21)

Mii dash imaa gaa-izhi-dagwishing i’imaa wenda’ibiinid,

o’ow idash gii-inendam:

“Ambegish sa bi-nibinaadid a’aw ikwe,”

gii-inendam.

(22)

O’ow idash gii-izhichige i’imaa waa-o-gwaaba’aminid i’iw nibi,

mii dash gaa-izhi-agwaaweba’ogod i’iw gichigami,

mii imaa gii-titibaa’ogod,

mii imaa iniw ikwewan ge-onji-gwaaba’ibiinid.

(23)

O’ow idash gii-ikido:

“Ambe sa noo ninga-wawiyadenimig.”

(24)

IV.

Aaniish, mii sa akawaabamaad ji-bi-naazibiinid. (25)

Goniginiin, geget ogii-waabamaan biidaasamosenid. (26)

Mii dash zhigwa imaa dagwishinoon imaa sa ayaad,

zhayiigwa ogii-gwaaba’amini.

(27)

Gaa-izhi-mikawaabamigod, mii sa gaa-pi-izhi-debibinigod. (28)

Mii dash i’iw gaa-izhi-ziikoobiiginigod

gaa-izhi-giiwewinigod o’owidi

gaa-izhi-biindoomawind iw wiiyaw.

(29)

V.

Mii sa, gaa-izhi-biindiganigod

geget ogii-waabamaan akiwenziiyan namadabinid.

(30)

Geget asabikewan. (31)

O’ow idash ogii-inaan a’aw ikwe iniw omisenyan:

“Nashkeginiin,”

ogii-inaan giimooj iniw omisenyan.

(32)

“Nashkeginiin wa’aw gaa-mikawag, waaboozoons.” (33)

O’ow idash ogii-igoon iniw omisenyan:

“Giga-ayaawigonaan goosinaan giga-onzomigonaan,”

ogii-igoon iniw omisenyan;

giimooj idash ogii-igoon iniw omisenyan.

(34)

Mii dash i’iw gaa-izhi-nandoobagwid

gaa-izhi-bagidinigod i’imaa jiigishkode wii-pengwawezogod.

(35)

VI.

Mii dash i’iw baapiwaad igiw ikwewag wawiyadenimaawaad iniw

waaboozoonsan.

(36)

Ezhi-gikenimigowaad iniw oosiwaan. (37)

“Gidoombiigizim,” ogii-igowaan. (38)

O’ow idash ogii-inaawaan iniw oosiwaan:

“Nashkeginiin,”

ogii-inaawaan.

(39)

“Nashkeginiin wa’aw waaboozoons.” (40)

“She,” ogii-igowaan iniw oosiwaan,

“gaawiin ina gigii-noondanziim igiw manidoog i’iw gii-niigiwaad?

(41)

Gaa na mii aw bezhig aawisiidog? (42)

Awi-asig,”

ogii-igowaan iniw oosiwaan.

(43)

“Geget sa gigagiibaadizim i’iw isa gii-odaapineg.” (44)

O’ow idash gii-ikido aw ikwe:

“Edada go sha niwawiyadenimaa a’aw isa waaboozoons.”

(45)

O’ow idash ogii-inaan iniw oosan:

“Aaniin ge-gii-izhinaagwak i’iw isa ge-waaboozoonsiwid a’aw

manidoo?,” ogii-inaan iniw oosan.

(46)

O’ow idash gii-ikido:

“Geget sa gaawiin ginitaa-noondanzii.

(47)

Gaawiin ina giwaabamisii epiichinaagoziyaan?” (48)

O’ow idash gii-izhichige a’aw ikwe,

nawanj igo ogii-abizwaan iniw waaboozoonsan;

i’iw isa wii-pengwawezwaad gaa-izhi-gwekwekishimaad imaa

jiigishkode.

(49)

O’ow idash gii-inendam a’aw Nenabozho:

“Mii maawiin i’iw zhigwa bengwawezowaanen.”

(50)

VII.

Aaniish, obaapi’aawaan igiw ikwewag. (51)

O’ow idash gii-inendam:

“Ambe sa noo ninga-bakinez.”

(52)

Geget ezhi-bakinezod. (53)

Gaa-izhinawidizod gaa-izhi-zaagijigwaashkonid. (54)

O’ow idash gii-ikidowag igiw ikwewag:

“Nashkeginiin, ozaagijibatwaadaan i’iw ishkode!”

odinaawaan iniw oosiwaan.

(55)

“Ayii!” gii-ikido a’aw akiwenzii,

“Geget sa gaawiin ginitaa-noondanziin gegoo aano-igooyegin.”

(56)

Gaana mii a’aw bezhig manidoo ba-makaminang iw gidishkodeminaan. (57)

Gaa-izhi-bazigonjised a’aw akiwenzii aano-gii-mawinadang i’iw ojiimaan. (58)

Aano-gii-izhi-madaabiiwebinang, mii dash gaa-izhi-mikwamiikaanig. (59)

VIII.

Mii dash anishaa go gaa-izhi-ganawaabamaawaad

mishawi-gichigami ani-ozhaawashkwaakonenid,

mii dash biinish gaa-izhi-bishkwaabamaawaad.

(60)

Aaniish gii-gwiinawi-izhichigewag. (61)

IX.

Mii dash zhigwa odebaabandaan endaawaad

o’ow idash ogii-inaan iniw ookomisan ji-bwaa-maajaad:

“Ashwiin, maagizhaa geget biidooyaan i’iw ishkode,”


(62)

Gaa-izhi-ganoonaad apii debaabandang i’iw endaawaad, (63)

o’ow ogii-inaan apii baandigesed iniw ookomisan:

“Aatawebinishin ninjaagiz, nookoo!”

Mii dash geget gaa-izhi-aatawebinaad a’aw mindimooyenh. (64)

X.

Mii dash imaa gaa-ondinamowaad i’iw ishkode. (65)

O’ow idash gii-ikido a’aw Nenabozho,

“Mii sa iw ge-izhinaagozid a’aw waabooz i’iw ji-niibing.”

(66)

Vocabulary

abiz vta warm s.o. at the fire. stem is /abizw/. (49)

agaami- prep across. (3) agwajiing pc outside. (12) agwaaweba’ vta throw s.o. out of water.

stem is /agwaaweba’w/. (23) a’aw prn na that (an.). (1, 22, 32, 45, 46, 49,

50, 56, 57, 58, 64, 66) akawaabam vta wait in watch for s.o.

(25) akiwenzii na old man. (9, 30, 56, 58) ambe pc well. (6, 15, 24, 52) ambegish pc wish that… (22) ani- prev going away… (60) anishaa pc powerlessly. (60) anishinaabe na person. (2, 3, 21) apane pc always. (10, 11) apii pc then; when (15); (63) apiichinaagozi vai look old to such

extent, look so old. (48) apiitadin vii freeze to such extent. (15) asab na net. stem is /asaby/. (10) asabike vai make a net. (31) ashi vta put s.o. somewhere. stem varies

between «as» and «ash». (43) ashwiin pc be on guard. (62) aw prn that (an.). variant of a’aw. (42,

45) awawa pc very well. (14) awi- prev go and… (43) ayaa vai be there. (2, 3, 9, 11, 12, 21, 27) ayaan vti have s.t. (4, 5) ayaaw vta have s.o.; own s.o. (34) ayii pc too bad! (56) aaniin pc how. (46) aaniish pc well. (1, 15, 18, 21, 25, 51, 61) aano- prev in vain. (56, 58, 59) aapiji pc really. (8) aatawebin vta extinguish s.o. (63, 64) aawi vai be. (42) bagidin vta put s.o. down. (35) bakinezo vai ignite by spark. (52, 53) bazigonjise vai rise to one’s feet. (58) baapi vai laugh. (36)

baapi’ vta laugh at s.o. (51) bengwawez vta dry the fur of s.o. (stem

/bengwawezw/). (35, 49) bengwawezo vai have dry hair fur. (50) bezhig pc one. (42, 57) bi- prev hither. (22, 25, 28, 57) bishkwaabam vta lose sight of s.o. (60) biidaasamose vai walk hither. (26) biidoon vti bring s.t. (62) biindig pc inside. (11) biindigazh vta bring s.o. inside. stem

varies between «biindigan» and «biindigazh». (30)

biindigese vai enter. (63) biindoomaw vta put s.o. inside one’s

garment. (29) biinish pc until. (60) bwaa- prev fail to… (62) da- prev future tense. (15) dagwishin vai arrive. (22, 27) dasing pc each (time). (10) dash pc then; but; so. (6, 7, 13, 17, 22, 23,

24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 55, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66); (12, 34); (23, 62, 64)

daa vai live somewhere. (8, 62, 63) daa- modal should. (7) nindaanis nad (my) daughter. (12) debaabandan vti see s.t. in the distance.

(62, 63) debibizh vta pick s.o. up. stem varies

between «debibin» and «debibizh». (28)

ditibaa’ vta roll s.o. stem is /ditibaa’w/. (23)

dwaashin vai fall through ice. (20) edada pc truly. (45) enye’ pc yes. (3, 5) eta pc only. (12) ga- prev future tense. (6, 13, 17, 23, 24, 34,

46, 52, 66) gagiibaadizi vai be foolish. (44) ganawaabam vta watch s.o. (60) ganawendan vti watch over s.t. (8)

ganoozh vta speak to s.o. stem varies between «ganoon» and «ganoozh». (63)

gashkadin vii freeze solid. (15) gashkitoon vti be able to do s.t. (7) gaa pc not. (42) gaana pc probably. (57) gaawiin pc not. (2, 7, 11, 20, 41, 47, 48, 56) geget pc truly, indeed, certainly. (5, 8, 16,

18, 20, 26, 30, 31, 44, 47, 53, 56, 62, 64) gegoo prn ni something; anything. (56) gichigami ni Lake Superior. (3, 15, 23, 60) gikenim vta know s.o.; find s.o. out. (2,

21); (37) gii- prev past tense. (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14,

15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)

gii- prev modal. (46) giimooj pc secretly. (32, 34) giiwewizh vta take s.o. home. stem

varies between «giiwewin» and «giiwewizh». (29)

giizhigad vii be day. (10) go pc adds emphasis. (10, 11, 45, 60) gonage pc might. (4) goniginiin pc well. (26) gwaaba’an vti scoop s.t. out. (23, 27) gwaaba’ibii vai scoop water. (23) gwekishim vta turn s.o. over. (49) gwiinawi- prev not able. (61) igiw prn na those (an.). (3, 36, 41, 51, 55) igo pc adds emphasis. (49) i’imaa pc there. (9, 21, 22, 23, 35) i’iw prn ni that (in.). (4, 5, 6, 8, 23, 29, 35,

36, 41, 44, 46, 49, 50, 55, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66)

i’iw prn na those (an. obv.). (12, 21) ikido vai say. (15, 16, 17, 24, 45, 47, 55, 56,

66) ikwe na woman. stem is /ikwew/. (22, 23,

32, 36, 45, 49, 51, 55) imaa pc there. (11, 22, 23, 27, 49, 65) ina pc used with yes/no question. (2, 41,

48) inendam vai2 think so. (22, 50, 52)

iniw prn na that (an. obv.). (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 23, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 46, 49, 55, 62, 63)

isa pc adds emphasis. (16, 44, 45, 46, 49) ishkode ni fire. (4, 5, 6, 55, 57, 62, 65) iw prn ni that. variant of i’iw. (1, 2, 16, 29,

57, 66) izhaa vai go. (11, 13) izhi vta say to s.o. Stem varies between

«in» and «izh». (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 32, 34, 38, 39, 41, 43, 46, 55, 56, 62, 63)

izhi- prev there; thus (22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 35, 60; 28, 37, 49, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64)

izhichige vai do so, do such. (23, 49, 61) izhinawidizo vta|vai see oneself as such.

(54) izhinaagozi vai look so, have such

appearance. (17, 18, 66) izhinaagwad vii look so, have such

appearance. (46) izhiwebad vii happen. (16) niiyaw nid (my) body. (29) jaagizo vai be on fire, burn. (63) ji- prev future; modal. (2, 25, 62, 66) jiigishkode pc near the fire. (35, 49) jiimaan ni boat. (58) kaa pc not. (4) madaabiiwebinan vti throw s.t. on the

shore. (59) makam vta rob s.o. of something. (57) manidoo na manitou. (41, 46, 57) mawinadan vti run towards s.t. (58) maagizhaa pc perhaps. (62) maajaa vai leave. (62) maajiyaadagaako vai set out on ice

surface. (19) maanoo pc nonetheless. (13) maawiin pc likely. (50) mikaw vta find s.o. (33) mikawaabam vta find s.o. (28) mikwamiikaa vii be full of ice. (59) mindimooyenh na old woman. (1, 64) nimisenh nad (my) older sister. (32, 34) mishawi- pren far out. (60) mii pc and; but, that’s it; then; it’s; well;

so (2, 10, 12, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 60, 62, 64; 11, 59; 18, 57, 65, 66; 21, 23, 25, 42; 23; 30, 50; 1, 15)

moozhag pc often. (12) na pc used with a yes/no question. (42) namadabi vai sit. (30) nandoobagwi vai search in one’s

garment. (35) nashkeginiin pc behold! look! (32, 33, 39,

40, 55) nawanj pc more. (49) naazibii vai fetch water. (25) naazikan vti fetch s.t. (6) Nenabozho na Nenabozho. (50, 66) nibi ni water. (23) nibinaadi vai fetch water. (22) nindawaa pc let it be. (17) ningoji pc anywhere. (2, 11) nitawgi’ vta raise s.o. (1) nitaa- prev habitually. (47, 56) niibin vii be summer. (66) niigi vai be born. (41) niizhi vai be two in number. (12) noo pc adds emphasis. (6, 15, 24, 52) noondam vai2 hear. (41, 47, 56) o- prev go and… (23) odaapinan vti take s.t. (44) o’ow prn ni this (in.). (6, 7, 13, 15, 17, 22,

23, 24, 32, 34, 39, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 66)

o’owidi pc over there. (3, 29) ombiigizi vai be noisy. (38) onda’ibii vai get water from (there). (22) ondinan vti get s.t. from (there). (65) onji- prev thus. (23) onzom vta give s.o. a hard time. (34) ozhaawashkwaakone vai glow with

blue flame. (60) ozhi’ vta make s.o. (10) nookomis nad (my) grandmother. (2, 3, 5,

6, 7, 13, 14, 62, 63) noos nad (my) father. (34, 37, 39, 41, 43, 46,

55) sa pc adds emphasis. (1, 2, 6, 8, 15, 16, 18,

19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 44, 47, 52, 56, 66)

sha pc adds emphasis. (45) she pc beware. (41) wa’aw prn na this (an.). (33, 40) wawiyadenim vta think s.o. cute. (24, 36,

45)

waabam vta see s.o. (26, 30, 48) waabooz na rabbit; hare. stem is

/waaboozw/ (66) waaboozoons na little rabbit, little hare.

(33, 36, 40, 45, 49) waaboozoonsiwi vai be a little rabbit, be

a little hare. (17, 46) wii- prev future tense. (15, 23, 35, 49) wiigwaas-apakwaan ni birchbark roll.

(15) wiikaa pc ever. (11) zaagijibatwaadan vti run out with s.t.

(55) zaagijigwaashkoni vai jump outside.

(54) ziikoobiigin vta strain s.o. (29) zhayiigwa pc then; now. (2); (27) zhigwa pc now; then. (1, 15, 27, 50); (19,

62)

Grammatical Analysis and Word-by-Word Translation

Abbreviations

0obv inanimate third person obviative (only on verbs) 0s inanimate third person singular

1s first person singular 1p first person plural, exclusive

2s second person singular 2p second person plural

3obv animate third person obviative 3p animate third person plural

3pProx animate third person plural, proximate 3sProx animate third person singular, proximate

a-form prefixes and suffixes on verbs used in primary contexts ANobv animate third person obviative

ANpl animate third person plural ANsg animate third person singular

b-form suffixes on verbs used in secondary contexts CH.B-Form b-form with initial change

dem demonstrative pronoun (e.g., ‘this,’ ‘that,’ etc.) dub dubitative mode

ic initial change INsg inanimate third person singular

loc locative form of noun na animate noun

nad animate noun, dependent (such as a kin term) neg negative form of verb

ni inanimate noun pc particle

prn pronoun vai animate intransitive verb

vii inanimate intransitive verb

vta transitive animate verb vti transitive inanimate verb

(1) Aaniish pc ‘well’; mii pc ‘so’; sa pc ‘indeed’; iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; zhigwa pc

‘now|then’; gii-nitawigi’aad vta b-form 3sProx>3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANsg raised

ANobv’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; mindimooyenh na 3sProx ‘old woman.’

(2) Mii pc ‘and’; sa pc ‘indeed’; iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; zhayiigwa pc ‘then’; ogii-

inaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that

(an.)’; ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother’; Gaawiin pc ‘not’;

ina pc ‘yes/no question’; ningoji pc ‘anywhere’; anishinaabeg na 3pProx

‘people’; gigikenimaasiig vta a-form neg 2s>3p ‘do you (sg.) not know ANpl’;

ji-ayaawaad vai b-form 3pProx ‘(B-FORM) ANpl could be there.’

(3) Enye’ pc ‘yes’; ogii-igoon vta a-form 3obv>3sProx ‘ANobv said to ANsg’; iniw

prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother’;

O’owidi pc ‘over there’; agaami-gichigami pc ‘across Lake Superior’; ayaawag

vai a-form 3pProx ‘ANpl are there’; igiw prn dem 3pProx ‘those (an.)’;

anishinaabeg na 3pProx ‘people.’

(4) Gonage pc ‘might’; kaa pc ‘not’; odayaanziinaawaadog vti a-form neg dub

3pProx>0s ‘ANpl might not have INsg’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; ishkode ni 0s

‘fire.’

(5) Enye pc ‘yes’; ogii-igoon vta a-form 3obv>3sProx ‘ANobv said to ANsg’; iniw


Geget pc ‘truly’; odayaanaawaa vti a-form 3pProx>0s ‘ANpl have INsg’; i’iw

prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; ishkode ni 0s ‘fire.’

(6) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; ogii-inaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv

‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that’; ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv)

‘ANsg’s grandmother’; Ambe pc ‘well’; sa pc ‘indeed’; noo pc ‘indeed’; ninga-

naazikaan vti a-form 1s>0s ‘I will fetch INsg’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that’; ishkode ni 0s

‘fire’; ogii-inaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem

3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother.’

(7) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘but’; ogii-igoon vta a-form 3obv>3sProx

‘ANobv said to ANsg’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan nad

3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother’; Gaawiin pc ‘not’; gidaa-gashkitoosiin vti

a-form neg 2s>0s ‘you (SG) wouldn’t be able to do INsg.’

(8) Geget pc ‘truly’; aapiji pc ‘really’; oganawendaanaawaa vti a-form 3pProx>0s

‘ANpl watch over INsg’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; sa pc ‘indeed’; endaawaad vai

ic b-form 3pProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) where ANpl live.’

(9) Akiwenzii na 3sProx ‘old man’; i’imaa pc ‘there’; ayaa vai a-form 3sProx

‘ANsg is there.’

(10) Mii pc ‘and’; go pc ‘indeed’; apane pc ‘always’; dasing pc ‘each (time)’;

giizhigadinig vii b-form 0obv ‘(B-FORM) NIo be day’; asabiin na 3obv ‘net(s)’;

ozhi’aad vta b-form 3sProx>3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANsg makes ANobv.’

(11) Gaawiin pc ‘not’; wiikaa pc ‘ever’; ningoji pc ‘anywhere’; izhaasii vai a-form

neg 3sProx ‘ANsg does not go’; mii pc ‘but’; go pc ‘indeed’; apane pc ‘always’;

imaa pc ‘there’; biindig pc ‘inside’; ayaad vai b-form 3sProx ‘(B-FORM) ANsg

is there.’

(12) Niizhiwa’ vai a-form 3pObv ‘ANobv are two in number’; idash pc ‘but’; i’iw prn

dem 3pObv ‘those (an.)’; odaanisa’ nad 3sProx(3pObv) ‘NA’s daughters’; mii pc

‘and’; eta pc ‘only’; i’iw prn dem 3pObv ‘those (an.)’; moozhag pc ‘often’;

agwajiing pc ‘outside’; eyaanid vai ic b-form 3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) who

(ANobv) are.’


‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan nad

3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother’; Maanoo pc ‘nonetheless’; ninga-izhaa vai

a-form 1s ‘I will go’; ogii-inaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’;

iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s

grandmother.’

(14) Awawa pc ‘very well’; ogii-igoon vta a-form 3obv>3sProx ‘ANobv said to

ANsg’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s

grandmother.’

(15) Aaniish pc ‘well’; mii pc ‘so’; sa pc ‘indeed’; apii pc ‘then’; zhigwa pc ‘now’;

gaa-ikidod vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg said’; Ambe pc ‘well’; sa

pc ‘indeed’; noo pc ‘indeed’; da-gashkadin vii a-form 0s ‘INsg will freeze solid’;

o’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; gichigami ni 0s ‘Lake Superior’; wiigwaas-

apakwaaning ni o loc ‘as a birchbark roll’; da-wii-apiitadin vii a-form 0s ‘INsg

will freeze to such extent’; o’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; gichigami ni 0s ‘Lake

Superior.’

(16) Mii pc ‘and’; sa pc ‘indeed’; geget pc ‘truly’; gaa-izhiwebadinig vii ic b-form

0obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) NIo happened’; iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; isa pc ‘indeed’; gaa-

ikidod vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg said.’

(17) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; ninga-izhinaagoz vai a-form 1s ‘I

will appear so’; gii-ikido vai a-form 3sProx ‘ANsg said’; Nindawaa pc ‘let it be’;

ninga-waaboozoonsiw vai a-form 1s ‘I will be(come) a rabbit.’

(18) Aaniish pc ‘well’; mii pc ‘that’s it’; sa pc ‘indeed’; geget pc ‘truly’; gaa-

izhinaagozid vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) how ANsg looked.’

(19) Mii pc ‘and’; sa pc ‘indeed’; zhigwa pc ‘then’; gii-maajiyaadagaakod vai a-

form 3sProx ‘ANsg set out on the ice.’

(20) Mii pc ‘and’; sa pc ‘indeed’; geget pc ‘truly’; gaawiin pc ‘not’; gii-dwaashinzii

vai a-form neg 3sProx ‘ANsg did not fall through the ice.’

(21) Aaniish pc ‘well’; mii pc ‘then’; sa pc ‘indeed’; ogikenimaan vta a-form

3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg recognizes ANobv’; i’imaa pc ‘there’; ayaanid vai b-form

3obv ‘(B-FORM) where ANobv were’; i’iw prn dem 3pObv ‘those (an.)’;

anishinaabe na 3pObv ‘people.’

(22) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; imaa pc ‘there’; gaa-izhi-dagwishing vai ic b-form

3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) where ANsg arrived’; i’imaa pc ‘there’; wenda’ibiinid

vai ic b-form 3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) where ANobv got water’; o’ow prn dem 0s

‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-inendam vai2 a-form 3sProx ‘ANsg thought’;

Ambegish pc ‘wish that’; sa pc ‘indeed’; bi-nibinaadid vai b-form 3sProx ‘(B-

FORM) ANsg come fetch water’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; ikwe na 3sProx

‘woman’; gii-inendam vai2 a-form 3sProx ‘ANsg thought.’

(23) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-izhichige vai a-form 3sProx

‘ANsg did so’; i’imaa pc ‘there’; waa-o-gwaaba’aminid vti ic b-form 3obv>0

‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv intended to scoop NI’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (an.)’; nibi ni 0s

‘water’; mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘so’; gaa-izhi-agwaaweba’ogod vta ic b-form

0>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) NI threw ANsg out of water’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (an.)’;

gichigami ni 0s ‘Lake Superior’; mii pc ‘then’; imaa pc ‘there’; gii-titibaa’ogod

vta b-form 0>3sProx ‘(B-FORM) NI rolled ANsg’; mii pc ‘it’s’; imaa pc ‘there’;

iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ikwewan na 3sobv ‘woman’; ge-onji-

gwaaba’ibiinid vai ic b-form 3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) where ANobv will scoop

water from.’

(24) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-ikido vai a-form 3sProx ‘ANsg

said’; Ambe pc ‘well’; sa pc ‘indeed’; noo pc ‘indeed’; ninga-wawiyadenimig

vta a-form 3s>1s ‘ANsg will think me cute.’

(25) Aaniish pc ‘well’; mii pc ‘then’; sa pc ‘indeed’; akawaabamaad vta b-form

3sProx>3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANsg waited in watch for ANobv’; ji-bi-naazibiinid

vai b-form 3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANobv will come to fetch water.’

(26) Goniginiin pc ‘well’; geget pc ‘truly’; ogii-waabamaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv

‘ANsg saw ANobv’; biidaasamosenid vai b-form 3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANobv

comes walking.’

(27) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; zhigwa pc ‘now’; imaa pc ‘there’; dagwishinoon

vai a-form 3obv ‘ANobv arrives’; imaa pc ‘there’; sa pc ‘indeed’; ayaad vai b-

form 3sProx ‘(B-FORM) ANsg is there’; zhayiigwa pc ‘now’; ogii-

gwaaba’amini vti a-form 3obv>0s ‘ANobv scooped INsg out.’

(28) Gaa-izhi-mikawaabamigod vta ic b-form 3obv>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv

found ANsg there’; mii pc ‘and’; sa pc ‘indeed’; gaa-pi-izhi-debibinigod vta ic

b-form 3obv>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv thus came and picked ANsg up.’

(29) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; gaa-izhi-ziikoobiiginigod

vta ic b-form 3obv>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv had strained ANsg’; gaa-

izhi-giiwewinigod vta ic b-form 3obv>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv took

ANsg back there’; o’owidi pc ‘over there’; gaa-izhi-biindoomawind vta ic b-

form x>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg was put inside a garment’; iw prn 0s ‘that

(an.)’; wiiyaw ni 3sProx(0s) ‘ANsg’s body.’

(30) Mii pc ‘well’; sa pc ‘indeed’; gaa-izhi-biindiganigod vta ic b-form 3obv>3sProx

‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv had brought ANsg in’; geget pc ‘truly’; ogii-waabamaan

vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg saw ANobv’; akiwenziiyan na 3obv ‘an old

man’; namadabinid vai b-form 3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANobv sits.’

(31) Geget pc ‘truly’; asabikewan vai a-form 3obv ‘ANobv makes a net.’


‘ANsg said to ANobv’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; ikwe na 3sProx ‘woman’;

iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; omisenyan nad 3sProx(3sobv) ‘ANsg’s older

sister’; ogii-inaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; giimooj pc

‘secretly’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; omisenyan nad 3sProx(3sobv) ‘ANsg’s

older sister.’

(33) Nashkeginiin pc ‘behold’; wa’aw prn dem 3sProx ‘this (an.)’; gaa-mikawag vta

ic b-form 1s>3s ‘(CH.B-FORM) I found ANsg’; waaboozoons na 3sProx ‘little

rabbit.’

(34) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘but’; ogii-igoon vta a-form 3obv>3sProx

‘ANobv said to ANsg’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; omisenyan nad

3sProx(3sobv) ‘ANsg’s older sister’; Giga-ayaawigonaan vta a-form 3s>21

‘ANsg will scold us’; goosinaan na 21(3sProx) ‘our INCL father’; giga-

onzomigonaan vta a-form 3sProx>21 ‘ANsg will give us hell’; ogii-igoon vta a-

form 3obv>3sProx ‘ANobv said to ANsg’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’;

omisenyan nad 3sProx(3sobv) ‘ANsg’s older sister’; giimooj pc ‘secretly’; idash

pc ‘then’; ogii-igoon vta a-form 3obv>3sProx ‘ANobv said to ANsg’; iniw prn

dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; omisenyan nad 3sProx(3sobv) ‘ANsg’s older sister.’

(35) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; gaa-izhi-nandoobagwid vai

ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) when ANsg had searched in garment’; gaa-

izhi-bagidinigod vta ic b-form 3obv>3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv put ANsg

down’; i’imaa pc ‘there’; jiigishkode pc ‘near the fire’; wii-pengwawezogod vta

b-form 3obv>3sProx ‘(B-FORM) ANobv intends to dry ANsg out.’

(36) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; baapiwaad vai b-form

3pProx ‘(B-FORM) ANpl laughed’; igiw prn dem 3pProx ‘those (an.)’; ikwewag

na 3pProx ‘women’; wawiyadenimaawaad vta b-form 3pProx>3obv ‘(B-

FORM) ANpl find ANobv cute’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; waaboozoonsan

na 3obv ‘little rabbit.’

(37) Ezhi-gikenimigowaad vta ic b-form 3obv>3pProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANobv

found ANpl out’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; oosiwaan nad 3pProx(3obv)

‘ANpl’s father.’

(38) Gidoombiigizim vai a-form 2p ‘you (pl) are noisy’; ogii-igowaan vta a-form

3obv>3pProx ‘ANobv said to ANpl.’

(39) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; ogii-inaawaan vta a-form

3pProx>3obv ‘ANpl said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; oosiwaan

nad 3pProx(3obv) ‘ANpl’s father’; ogii-inaawaan vta a-form 3pProx>3obv

‘ANpl said to ANobv.’

(40) Nashkeginiin pc ‘behold’; wa’aw prn dem 3sProx ‘this (an.)’; waaboozoons na

3sProx ‘little rabbit.’

(41) She pc ‘beware’; ogii-igowaan vta a-form 3obv>3pProx ‘ANobv said to ANpl’;

iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; oosiwaan nad 3pProx(3obv) ‘ANpl’s father’;

Gaawiin pc ‘not’; ina pc ‘QUES’; gigii-noondanziim vai2 neg 2p ‘you (pl) did

not hear’; igiw prn dem 3pProx ‘those (an.)’; manidoog na 3pProx ‘manitous’;

i’iw prn 0s ‘that (an.)’; gii-niigiwaad vai b-form 3pProx ‘(B-FORM) ANpl were

born.’

(42) Gaa pc ‘not’; na pc ‘Q’; mii pc ‘then’; aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; bezhig pc

‘one’; aawisiidog vai a-form dub 3sProx ‘ANsg might not be.’

(43) Awi-asig vta imp 2p>3 ‘go (2p) and put ANsg’; ogii-igowaan vta a-form

3obv>3pProx ‘ANobv said to ANpl’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; oosiwaan

nad 3pProx(3obv) ‘ANpl’s father.’

(44) Geget pc ‘truly’; sa pc ‘indeed’; gigagiibaadizim vai a-form 2p ‘you (pl) are

foolish’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; isa pc ‘indeed’; gii-odaapineg vta b-form 2p>3s

‘(B-FORM) you (pl) took ANsg.’


said’; aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; ikwe na 3sProx ‘woman’; Edada pc ‘truly’; go

pc ‘indeed’; sha pc ‘indeed’; niwawiyadenimaa vta a-form 1s>3sProx ‘I think

ANsg cute’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; isa pc ‘indeed’; waaboozoons na

3sProx ‘little rabbit.’


‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; oosan nad 3sProx(3obv)

‘ANsg’s father’; Aaniin pc ‘how’; ge-gii-izhinaagwak vii ic b-form 0 ‘(CH.B-

FORM) NI might seem’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; isa pc ‘indeed’; ge-

waaboozoonsiwid vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg would be a little

rabbit’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; manidoo na 3sProx ‘manitou’; ogii-inaan

vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’;

oosan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s father.’


said’; Geget pc ‘truly’; sa pc ‘indeed’; gaawiin pc ‘not’; ginitaa-noondanzii vai2

a-form neg 2s ‘you (sg) do not listen.’

(48) Gaawiin pc ‘not’; ina pc ‘QUES’; giwaabamisii vta a-form neg 2s>1s ‘you (sg)

do not see me’; epiichinaagoziyaan vai ic b-form 1s ‘(CH.B-FORM) how old I

look.’

(49) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-izhichige vai a-form 3sProx

‘ANsg did so’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; ikwe na 3sProx ‘woman’; nawanj

pc ‘more’; igo pc ‘indeed’; ogii-abizwaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg

warmed ANobv at the fire’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; waaboozoonsan na

3obv ‘little rabbit’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (an.)’; isa pc ‘indeed’; wii-pengwawezwaad

vta b-form 3sProx>3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANsg intends to dry hair of ANobv’; gaa-

izhi-gwekwekishimaad vta redup ic b-form 3sProx>3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg

turned ANobv over and over there’; imaa pc ‘there’; jiigishkode pc ‘near the

fire.’

(50) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-inendam vai2 a-form 3sProx

‘ANsg thought’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; Nenabozho na 3sProx

‘Nenabozho’; Mii pc ‘well’; maawiin pc ‘likely’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; zhigwa

pc ‘now’; bengwawezowaanen vai b-form dub 1s ‘(B-FORM) my fur must be

dry.’

(51) Aaniish pc ‘well’; obaapi’aawaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANpl are laughing

at ANobv’; igiw prn dem 3pProx ‘those (an.)’; ikwewag na 3pProx ‘women.’

(52) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-inendam vai2 a-form 3sProx

‘ANsg thought’; Ambe pc ‘well’; sa pc ‘indeed’; noo pc ‘indeed’; ninga-bakinez

vai a-form 1s ‘I will ignite by spark.’

(53) Geget pc ‘truly’; ezhi-bakinezod vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg

thus ignites by spark.’

(54) Gaa-izhinawidizod vta|vai refl ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg saw self

as such’; gaa-izhi-zaagijigwaashkonid vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM)

ANsg jumped outside.’

(55) O’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; gii-ikidowag vai a-form 3pProx

‘ANpl said’; igiw prn dem 3pProx ‘those (an.)’; ikwewag na 3pProx ‘women’;

ozaagijibatwaadaan vti a-form 3sProx>0s ‘ANsg is running out with INsg’; i’iw

prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; ishkode ni 0s ‘fire’; odinaawaan vta a-form 3pProx>3obv

‘ANpl say to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; oosiwaan nad

3pProx(3obv) ‘ANpl’s father.’

(56) Ayii pc ‘too bad’; gii-ikido vai a-form 3sProx ‘ANsg said’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that

(an.)’; akiwenzii na 3sProx ‘old man’; geget pc ‘truly’; sa pc ‘indeed’; gaawiin

pc ‘not’; ginitaa-noondanziin vai a-form neg 2s ‘you (sg) do not hear’; aano-

igooyegin vta ic b-form iter x>2p ‘(CH.B-FORM) although someone tries to

speak to you repeatedly.’

(57) Gaana pc ‘probably’; mii pc ‘that’s’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; bezhig pc

‘one’; manidoo na 3sProx ‘manitou’; ba-makaminang vta ic b-form 3sProx>21

‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg has come to rob us (incl) of Y’; iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’;

gidishkodeminaan ni 21(0s) ‘our (incl) fire.’

(58) Gaa-izhi-bazigonjised vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg rose to feet’;

a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; akiwenzii na 3sProx ‘old man’; aano-gii-

mawinadang vti b-form 3sProx>0 ‘(B-FORM) ANsg ran in vain for NI’; i’iw

prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; ojiimaan ni 3sProx(0s) ‘ANsg’s boat.’

(59) Aano-gii-izhi-madaabiiwebinang vti ic b-form 3sProx>0 ‘(CH.B-FORM) in

vain ANsg threw NI down on the shore’; mii pc ‘but’; dash pc ‘then’; gaa-izhi-

mikwamiikaanig vii ic b-form 0obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) NIo is covered with ice.’

(60) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; anishaa pc ‘powerlessly’; go pc ‘indeed’; gaa-izhi-

ganawaabamaawaad vta ic b-form 3pProx>3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANpl watched

ANobv’; mishawi-gichigami ni 0s ‘far out in Lake Superior’; ani-

ozhaawashkwaakonenid vai b-form 3obv ‘(B-FORM) ANsg glowed with blue

flame going away’; mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘then’; biinish pc ‘until’; gaa-izhi-

bishkwaabamaawaad vta ic b-form 3pProx>3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANpl lost

sight of ANobv.’

(61) Aaniish pc ‘well’; gii-gwiinawi-izhichigewag vai a-form 3pProx ‘ANpl were

unable to do anything.’

(62) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘so’; zhigwa pc ‘then’; odebaabandaan vti a-form

3sProx>0s ‘ANsg sees NIo’; endaawaad vai ic b-form 3pProx ‘(CH.B-FORM)

where ANpl live’; o’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’; idash pc ‘then’; ogii-inaan vta a-

form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’;

ookomisan nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother’; ji-bwaa-maajaad vai b-

form 3sProx ‘(B-FORM) before ANsg left’; Ashwiin pc ‘be on guard’;

maagizhaa pc ‘perhaps’; geget pc ‘truly’; biidooyaan vti b-form 1s ‘(B-FORM) I

bring NI’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; ishkode ni 0s ‘fire’; ogii-inaan vta a-form

3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; iniw prn dem 3obv ‘that (an.)’; ookomisan

nad 3sProx(3obv) ‘ANsg’s grandmother.’

(63) Gaa-izhi-ganoonaad vta ic b-form 3sProx>3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg thus

spoke to ANobv’; apii pc ‘when’; debaabandang vti b-form 3sProx>0 ‘(B-

FORM) ANsg caught sight of NI’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; endaawaad vai ic b-

form 3pProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) where ANpl live’; o’ow prn dem 0s ‘this (in.)’;

ogii-inaan vta a-form 3sProx>3obv ‘ANsg said to ANobv’; apii pc ‘when’;

baandigesed vai ic b-form 3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) when ANsg entered’; iniw


Aatawebinishin vta imp 2s>1s ‘extinguish me’; ninjaagiz vai a-form 1s ‘I’m on

fire’; nookoo nad voc 1s(3sProx) ‘grandmother.’

(64) Mii pc ‘and’; dash pc ‘so’; geget pc ‘truly’; gaa-izhi-aatawebinaad vta ic b-form

3sProx>3obv ‘(CH.B-FORM) ANsg extinguished ANobv’; a’aw prn 3sProx

‘that’ (an.); mindimooyenh na 3sProx ‘old woman.’

(65) Mii pc ‘that’s’; dash pc ‘then’; imaa pc ‘there’; gaa-ondinamowaad vti ic b-

form 3pProx>0 ‘(CH.B-FORM) where ANpl got NI from’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that

(in.)’; ishkode ni 0s ‘fire.’


said’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’; Nenabozho na 3sProx ‘Nenabozho’; Mii pc

‘that’s’; sa pc ‘indeed’; iw prn 0s ‘that (in.)’; ge-izhinaagozid vai ic b-form

3sProx ‘(CH.B-FORM) how ANsg will look’; a’aw prn 3sProx ‘that (an.)’;

waabooz na 3sProx ‘rabbit’; i’iw prn 0s ‘that (an.)’; ji-niibing vii b-form 0 ‘(B-

FORM) NI will be summer.’

gaa-izhi-naazikang nenabozho i’iw ishkode gaa-tibaajimod...

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