genre (1) the type of story examples: nonfiction, fiction, fantasy, historical fiction, biography,...
TRANSCRIPT
Genre (1)
The type of story
Examples: Nonfiction, Fiction, Fantasy, Historical Fiction, Biography, Science Fiction, Short Story, Fable, Myth, etc.
Narrator (2)
The person telling the story
This is not always the author, sometimes it is just a character in the story.
1st Person POV (3)
Point of view that uses “I”, “My”, “Me”, “We”Example: I woke up early today.
A personal narrative, an autobiography, person telling the story is main character
2nd Person POV (4)
Point of View where the author uses “you”.
Example: You woke up early today.
Instructions, Recipes
3rd Person Limited POV (5)
Point of View that uses “He”, “She”, “They” but tells only one character’s point of view.
Example: She woke up early today.
3rd person Omniscient POV (6)
Point of View that uses “He”, “She”, “They” and tells many characters points of view.
Narrator knows and tells what a character is thinking.
Characters (7)
The people in the story
This isn’t necessarily always people, could be animals(fables), higher Beings(myths), or inanimate objects(children’s books)
Conflict (8)
The problem in the story
Every story has a conflict.
Setting (9)
When and where the story takes place
Time and Place
Should be established at the beginning of a story.
Plot (10)
The order of events in the story
This is also the storyline, what happens in the story.
Climax (11)
The most exciting part of a story
This is what all of the action is leading up to.
Exposition (12)
The beginning of the story, where the author exposes the setting, characters, plot, etc.
Resolution (13)
The end of the story, where the conflict is worked out.
Theme (14)
Main idea of a story
A unifying or dominant idea in a story or poem
Examples: good always prevails over evil; love conquers all
Rising Action (15)
The action leading up to the climax
Falling Action (16)
The action after the climax
Literal language (17)
Words that mean exactly what they say.
This is the opposite of figurative language
Figurative language (18)
Words or phrases that mean something other than the literal meaning.
Personification, Idiom, Simile, Metaphor, Alliteration, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia
Simile (19)
A comparison of two things using “like” or “as”
Example: He was like a lion.
Metaphor (20)
Comparing two unlike objects
Example: You are a ray of sunshine.
Onomatopoeia (21)
Words that imitate a sound or action
Example: Crash, Buzz, Whack, Hiss
Personification (22)
Giving inanimate objects or animals human characteristics or qualities
Example: The blades of grass danced in the wind.
Idiom (23)
An expression or saying that has connotation not literal meaningExample: Eats like a pig Chew the fat Backseat driver
Alliteration (24)
Repeating the 1st letter or sound in sequential words
Example: Timmy the turtle toddled through the tundra.
Hyperbole (25)
Exaggerations usually used for humor.
Example: I’ve told you a million times to stop it.
Inform (26)
Authors purpose is to give you information about a subject or teach you something.
Example: research report, nonfiction
Persuade (27)
Author’s purpose is to change your mind or your way of thinking.
Example: Commercial/Advertisement
Entertain (28)
Author’s purpose is to make you have fun.
Example: a fiction story
Characterization (29)
How you would describe a character using physical description, feelings, thoughts, environment, speech, other’s opinions
Imagery (30)
Uses 5 senses to describe a scene.
Sight, sound, taste, smell, feeling
Major Characters (31)
Characters central to the plot.
Example: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger
Minor Characters (32)
Characters that are not central to the plot.
Example: a store keeper
Dialogue (33)
What the characters are saying.
Dialogue is always surrounded by quotation marks “I saw you,” she said.
Reference Materials (34)
Books used to look up information.
Example: Dictionary, Atlas, Thesaurus, Almanac, Encyclopedia, Newspaper
Thesaurus (35)
A book of synonyms
Use it to look up “juicy” words (tier 2 adjectives)
Dictionary (36)
A book of words that shows the meanings, syllabification, word origin, parts of speech, etc.
Atlas (37)
A book of maps and geographic charts
Encyclopedia (38)
A book of articles on various subjects
Glossary (39)
Definitions in the back of a book
Almanac (40)
A book of facts
Example: info on countries, rainfall, sports stats
Phone Book (41)
Gives addresses and phone numbers
Table of Contents (42)
List of chapter headings at the beginning of a book
Caption (43)
Words under or beside a picture that describe the picture
Index (44)
List of topics with page numbers in the back of a book
Headline (45)
Large Titles in a Newspaper
Free Verse (46)
Unrhymed poetry
Rhyme Scheme (47)
Rhyming pattern of the last word in a poetry line.
Example: Roses are red
Violets are blue
I have said
I love you
This poem would have an ABAB rhyme scheme because every other line rhymes.
Speaker (48)
The narrator of a poem
Haiku (49)
Poetry with only 3 lines that contain a 5-7-5 syllable structure
Example: My mother is great
She loves me so very much
She is wonderful
Stanza (50)
A paragraph in a poem made up of a series of lines
Cinquain (51)
A 5 line poem with a 2,4,6,8,2 word scheme
Limerick (52)
5 line poem that is humorous and has a unique rhythm.
Fiction (53)
A made up or untrue story
Non-fiction (54)
A factual or true story
Biography (55)
A book about a person’s life not written by that person
Autobiography (56)
A book about a person written by that person
Drama (57)
A play
Comedy (58)
A light and humorous story with a happy ending
Mystery (59)
A story with conflict that must be solved with clues
Science Fiction (60)
A futuristic story with science and technology
Historical Fiction (61)
A fictional story that is set in a historical time period.
Fable (62)
A short story, usually with animals, that teaches a lesson
Moral (63)
The lesson in a fable
Folktale (64)
Traditional stories that are usually told orally through generations
Fantasy (65)
A story with magic and/or magical creatures
Myth (66)
Stories to explain nature with gods and goddesses
Titles (67)
Put titles in “quotation marks” if the selection is short: poems, songs, short stories, chapters of books, articles in newspapers or magazines.
Underline titles of books, plays, magazines, newspapers, TV shows, movies, and CD’s
Standard Essay Format (68)
5 Paragraph Essay
Indent ParagraphsDo not skip lines between paragraphsIntro, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion
Topic Sentence must include 3 reasons
Persuasive Essay (69)
5 paragraph essay where you are persuading someone to change their way of thinking. State your position with 3 reasons why.
Intro, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion.
Use strong, descriptive language
Noun (70)
Words that name people, places, things, or ideas
Ex. Mother, beach, table, courage
Proper Noun (71)
Words that name a specific person, place, or thing; always starts with a capital letter
Ex: Peggy, California, Doritos
Verb (72)
Words that show action or link a subject to another word in the sentence
Ex: run, jump, paint, is, was
Adjective (73)
Words that describe nouns or pronouns
Ex: red, tall, handsome, smart
Adverb (74)
A word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb: often ends in “-ly”
Ex: very, quickly, now, bravely
Preposition (75)
Words that show position or direction and introduce prepositional phrases
Ex: about, up, inside, upon, between, to
Interjection (76)
Words (set off by commas or an exclamation point) that show strong emotions
Ex: Stop! Hey, Ouch!
Conjunction (77)
Words that connect other words or groups of words
Ex: and, but, or, yet, nor, because
Pronoun (78)
A word that replaces a noun
Ex: he, she, it, them, we
Subject (79)
Who or what the sentence is about
Ex: The small dog jumped over the fence.
Simple subject: dogComplete subject: The small dog
Predicate (80)
Tells what the subject is or does
Ex: The small dog jumped over the fence
Simple predicate: jumpedComplete predicate: jumped over the fence
Declarative Sentence (81)
Makes a statement
Ex: The milk is in the refrigerator.
Interrogative Sentences (82)
Asks a question
Ex: Where is the milk?
ImperativeSentence (83)
Gives a command
Ex: Set the table.
ExclamatorySentence (84)
Communicates strong emotion or surprise
Ex: I can’t believe you spilled the milk!
Antonym (85)
A word that means the opposite of another word
Ex: white…black tall…short open…closed
Synonym (86)
A word that means the same as another word
Ex: big…huge little…small mad…angry
Homonym (87)
Two or more words that sound the same and may be spelled the same, but have different meanings. (Homophones)
Ex: to, too, two there, they’re, their here, hear
Root Word (88)
The form of a word after all affixes are removed
Ex: nondairy…dairy pretest…test establishment…establish
Prefix (89)
An affix attached to the front of a word that changes its meaning.
Ex: impossible…the prefix “im-” changes the word possible to mean not possible
Suffix (90)
An affix attached to the end of a word that changes its meaning or tense
Ex: Responsible…the suffix “-ible” changes the word response to mean able to respondRefused…the suffix “-ed” changes the word refuse to past tense
Text StructureCause and Effect (91)
Passage written to explain why something happened and the result of it happening.
Text StructureDescription(92)
Passage written to describe a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing its features, characteristics, or examples
Text StructureCompare and Contrast(93)
Passage written to show how two or more things are alike and/or different
Text StructureChronological Order (94)
Passage written in time order in which the events occurred
Text StructurePros and Cons (95)
Passage written to explain the good qualities of something (pros) and the bad qualities of something (cons)
Text StructureMain Idea and Details(96)
Passage written to identify key concepts and information that support the concept
Text StructureProblem and Solution (97)
Passage written that identifies a problem and the solution to the problem
Text StructureClassification Schemes (98)
Passage written that breaks the information into specific classifications or categories.
Text StructureSequential Order (99)
Passage written that describes the order or tells the steps to follow to do something or make something.
In-text CitationsDirect Quote with Signal
Phrase (100)
According to author’s full name, “Word for word quote from text” (#).
If author’s name is not given, use full title.
# = page, paragraph, or line number
In-text CitationsDirect Quote without Signal
Phrase (101)
“Word for word quote from text” (Name #).
In the citation, use author’s last name or if there is no author, use title up through the first noun.
# = page, paragraph, or line number
In-text CitationsParaphrase with Signal
Phrase (102)
According to author’s full name, paraphrased quote (#).
Paraphrase means put same information from the quote in your own words (don’t just rearrange the words!!).
If author’s name is not given, use full title.
In-text CitationsParaphrase without Signal
Phrase (103)
Paraphrased quote (Name #).
Paraphrase means put same information from the quote in your own words (don’t just rearrange the words!!).
In the citation, use author’s last name or if there is no author, use title up through the first noun.