GrammarTree2-2

1. 의문사:who, which, what, where, when, how, why등을의문사라고한다. 의문사는문장의맨앞에온다.

2. who :‘누구’라는뜻의의문사이다. (Who is she? / Whoplayed the piano at the party?)

3. whose :‘누구의’또는‘누구의것’이라는뜻의의문사이다.(Whose car is that? / Whose is this?)

4. what :‘무엇’이라는뜻의의문사이다. (What is this?)

5. 시간과요일묻기(1) 시간: What time is it?(2) 요일: What day is it today?(3) 날짜: What’s the date today?

1. Who is는Who’s로축약해서쓸수있다.

2. What is this?는 It is... 로대답하고, What are these?는Theyare...로대답한다.

3. 시간, 요일, 날짜를묻는말에는모두 It is...로대답한다. (It is 7 o’clock. / It is Sunday. / It is March 6th.)

Grammar Points Tips

1. ‘그녀는누구입니까?’라고물어볼래? - Who is she?

2.‘저연필은누구의것입니까?’는? - Whose pencil is that?

3.‘너는몇시에아침을먹니?’라고물어볼까?- What time do you eat breakfast?

4.‘오늘이무슨요일이지?’와‘오늘이몇일이지?’를각각말해볼까? - What day is it today? / What’s the date today?

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1. when :‘언제’라는뜻으로때를묻는의문사이다. (Whenis your birthday?)

2. where :‘어디에’라는뜻으로장소를묻는의문사이다. (Where is my hat?)

3. why :‘왜’라는뜻으로원인이나이유를묻는의문사이다.because를써서대답할수있다. (Q: Why did she comehome early? A: Because she was hungry.)

4. how:‘어떻게’라는뜻으로방법, 상태, 안부등을물을때사용하는의문사이다. (1) 방법: Q:How does he go to school? A:By bus.(2) 상태: Q:How is the weather today? A: Cloudy.(3) 안부: Q:How is your mother? A: Fine, thank you.

5. how+형용사~?: 양, 수, 나이, 키, 길이등을물을때사용한다. (양-How much money do you have? / 수-Howmany sisters do you have? / 나이-How old are you? /키-How tall is she? / 길이-How long is the bridge?)

1. by+교통수단: by car, by train, by plane, by bus

2. How is the weather? = What is the weather like?

3. 인사말에서의how :How are you? / How do you do?

Grammar Points Tips

1. ‘너생일이언제니?’라고물어볼래? - When is your birthday?

2. ‘넌어디살아?’는? - Where do you live?

3. ‘너왜화났어?’는? - Why are you angry?

4. ‘너몇살이니?’는?- How old are you?

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3434

Who is that?

Who played the guitar at the party?

Whose car is this?

Whose pencil is that?

Su-mi did.

Mine.

Yes, he was.

No, I didn’t.

Who

What

Whose

What time

studying English

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[1~4]1~2. ‘누구’를묻는의문사: who

3~4. 소유를묻는의문사: whose

[5~8] 질문에알맞은답을골라빈칸에쓰세요.5. who에해당하는대답을고른다.6. 소유를묻는의문문이므로소유대명사를고른다. 7. be동사의과거형이쓰인의문문이므로 be동사의과거형으로

대답한것을고른다.8. 일반동사의과거형이쓰인의문문이므로조동사 do의과거형으로대답한것을고른다.

[9~12]대화를완성하세요.9. 누구를묻는의문사: who

10.요일을묻는말: What day is it today?

11. 소유를묻는의문사: whose

12. 몇시: what time

[13~15]그림을보고질문에대한대답을완성하세요. 13. 현재진행형:be동사의현재형+ 동사의 -ing형

14. take의과거형: took 15. wash의과거형: washed

[16~20]알맞은의문사로빈칸을채우세요.16. 장소를묻는의문사: where 17. 때를묻는의문사: when

18. ‘누구’를묻는의문사: who 19. 몇시: what time

20. 이유를묻는의문사: why

[21~24]문장을완성하세요.21.‘무엇’을묻는의문문의과거형:What+did+주어+동사원형~? 22. 방법을묻는의문문의과거형:How+did+주어+동사원형~? 23. 장소를묻는의문문의과거형:Where+did+주어+동사원형~?24. 때를묻는의문문의과거형: When+did+주어+동사원형~?

[25~27]질문을완성하세요.25. 가격을묻는말: How much...?

26.날씨를묻는말: How is the weather...?

27. 안부를묻는말: How is(are)...?

[28~30]28. 셀수있는명사의수를물을때: How many...?

29. 셀수없는명사의양을물을때: How much...?

30. 의견을물을때: What do you think about it?

Explanations

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took pictures

washed his car

Where

When

Who

What

Why

What did

How did

Where did

When did

How much

How is

How is

How many science books do you have?

How much money do you have?

What do you think about it?

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1. 부가의문문 :상대방의동의를얻기위해문장뒤에부가적으로하는의문문을부가의문문이라고한다. (1) 앞문장의동사가 be동사나조동사이면 be동사나조동사를쓴다. (She is pretty. Isn’t she? /You can help me. Can’t you?)/ 일반동사이면 do(does / did)를쓴다. (He swims everyday. Doesn’t he?) (2) 앞문장이긍정이면부정으로, 부정이면긍정으로쓴다. (She is pretty. Isn’t she? / He isn’thandsome. Is he? ) (3) 주어가명사이면대명사로쓴다.(Sally is pretty. Isn’t she?) (4) 부가의문문에 not이있으면항상축약형으로쓴다. [She is pretty. Isn’t she?(O) /Is not she?(X)]

2. 주의해야할부가의문문 : (1) Let’s... 문장의부가의문문은항상Shall we?를쓴다. (Let’s play tennis. Shall we?)(2) 명령문뒤에는항상 Will you?를쓴다. (Open thedoor. Will you?)

3. 선택의문문 :상대방에게둘중어느것을선택할것인지를묻는의문문을선택의문문이라고한다. 두가지선택사항은or로연결한다. (Do you like apples or pears?)

4. 부정의문문 : Isn’t, Don’t 등부정으로묻는의문문을부정의문문이라고한다. 대답은보통의의문문과마찬가지로긍정이면 Yes, 부정이면 No로시작한다. (Q: Don’tyou like apples? A:Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.)

1. 부가의문문에서 Am not I?는 Aren’t I?로쓴다. (I am tall.Aren’t I?)

2. 선택의문문은억양에주의해야한다. 선택사항두가지중앞의것은올리고뒤의것을내려서말한다. (Do you like apples(↑) or pears(↓)?)

3. 부정의문문과긍정의문문의차이 : 긍정의문문은단순히상대방의의견을물을때사용하고, 부정의문문은묻는사람의견해를포함할때사용한다. (Is she pretty? 그녀는예쁜가요? - 단순히상대방의의견을물음) / Isn’t she pretty? 그녀예쁘지않아요? - 묻는사람은예쁘다고생각하면서묻고있음)

Grammar Points Tips

1. 선생님이말하는문장에부가의문문을붙여서말해봐.They are busy. -They are busy. Aren’t they?

2. Let’s play soccer. -Let’s play soccer. Shall we?

3. 선택의문문을사용해서축구가좋은지야구가좋은지물어볼까? -Do you like soccer or baseball?

4.‘이거네시계아니니?’를부정의문문으로말해봐. - Isn’t it your watch?

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1. how로시작하는감탄문 : 형식은「How+형용사(부사)+주어+동사!」, 의미는‘정말~하구나!’로감탄을나타낸다. 형용사를강조할때는how 감탄문을사용한다. (Howcute the baby is!)

2. what으로시작하는감탄문 : 형식은「What+[a(an)]+형용사+명사+주어+동사!」,‘형용사+명사’를강조할때는what 감탄문을사용한다. (What a cute baby she is!)

A. 시간이얼마나걸리는지묻기Q:How long does it take to get there?A: (It takes) About an hour.

B. 거리가얼마나되는지묻기Q:How far is it from here?A:Aten-minute walk.

C. 길묻고답하기Q:Could you tell me how to get to City Hall? A:Sure! Go down this street and then turn right

at the second corner.

1. 말하는사람과듣는사람이모두감탄하는대상을알고있는경우에는주어와동사를생략하고말할수있다. [How cute (the boy is)! / What a cute baby (she is)!]

2. Aten-minute walk.에서walk는명사로‘걷는거리’를말한다. ten-minute은‘10분정도’라는뜻의형용사로walk를꾸미고있다. 이때minute은앞에 ten이있지만복수로사용하지않는것에주의한다. (cf. a 9 year old boy)

Grammar Points Tips

1. 덩치가큰코끼리를보면서How감탄문으로말해볼까?- How big the elephant is!

2.이번엔what 감탄문으로말해보자. - What a big elephant it is!

3.‘거기까지가는데시간이얼마라걸리죠?’를말해봐. - How long does it take to get there?

4.‘우체국은여기서얼마나멀죠?’는? - How far is the post office from here?

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weren’t you

didn’t she

won’t they

can she

will you

shall we

played baseball, didn’t they?

didn’t watch a movie, did she?

went to bed at 11:00, didn’t he?

Is this your dog or your sister’s?

Do you like coffee or tea?

Do you want a hamburger or a sandwich?

Is

Don’t

Yes

Isn’t

No Tom’s

do

book or

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[1~3]앞문장에일반동사의과거형이쓰였으므로부가의문문의동사는did를쓴다. 앞문장이긍정이면부정으로묻고, 부정이면긍정으로묻는다. 앞문장의명사는대명사로바꾼다.

[4~9]4. 앞문장에 be동사의과거형이쓰였으므로부가의문문의동사는be동사의과거형을쓴다.

5. 앞문장에일반동사의과거형이쓰였으므로부가의문문의동사는did를쓴다.

6~7. 앞문장에조동사가쓰였으므로부가의문문의동사는그조동사를쓴다.

8. 명령문의부가의문문은Will you?를쓴다. 9. Let’s...의부가의문문은 Shall we?를쓴다.

[10~12]선택의문문은두가지선택사항을주면서묻는말로두가지선택사항은or로연결한다.

[13~15]질문과대답을완성하세요. 13. 선택의문문

14~15. 부정의문문은부정으로묻지만대답할때는그에상관없이긍정이면Yes, 부정이면No로대답한다.

[16~17] What이나 Which로질문을완성하세요.16. 둘중하나를묻는것이므로의문사which를쓴다. 17. 단순히‘무엇’인지를물을때는의문사what을쓴다.

[18~21]18~19.‘(부정관사)+형용사+명사+주어+동사’가있으므로What

을넣는다. 20~21.‘형용사(부사)+주어+동사’가있으므로How를넣는다.

[22~25]22, 24. How 감탄문 23, 25. What 감탄문

[26~27]단어의순서를바르게놓아문장을완성하세요. 26. How+형용사+주어+동사!27. What+[a(n)]+형용사+명사+주어+동사!

[28~30]질문을완성하세요. 28. 길이를묻는말: How long...?

29. 거리를묻는말: How far...?

30. 목적지까지의이동방법을묻는말: How to get to...?

Explanations

How beautiful this dress is!

What a nice boy he is!

Which

What

What

What

How

How

How fast

What a

How beautiful

pretty dress

What a nice car

How long

How far

how to

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1. be going to의의미 : 「be동사+going to+동사원형」은‘~할계획이다’, ‘~할예정이다’라는뜻으로가까운미래를나타낸다. (She is going to leave.)

2. be going to+장소를나타내는명사 : 「be동사+goingto+장소명사」는‘~에갈예정이다’라는뜻으로, 시제는현재진행형이지만미래를나타낸다. 뒤에는대게미래를나타내는부사가온다. (I’m going to LAnext week. ) *미래를나타내는부사들 : tomorrow, next week, nextSunday, next month, someday, in 2020

3. be going to의의문문 : be동사를주어앞에둔다. 의문사가있는경우에는의문사를문장의맨앞에둔다. (Is shegoing to study? / What is she going to study?)

4. be going to의부정문 : be동사뒤에 not을붙인다. 의미는‘~하지않을것이다’이다. (She is not going to studytonight.)

*be going to와will의차이

(1) be going to는will보다좀더가까운미래를나타낸다. (She isgoing to leave. - 그녀는곧떠날것이다. / She will leave. -그녀는떠날것이다.)

(2) be going to는will보다말하는사람의계획과의지가좀더포함되어있다. ( I am going to study French in this summervacation. - 방학동안에프랑스어를공부하기위해계획중임을내포)

(3)현재상황으로미래를판단할경우will보다는 be going to를쓴다. (Look at the black could. It’s going to rain.)

Grammar Points Tips

1.‘나는방과후에축구를할거야.’를be going to를사용해서말해볼까? - I’m going to play soccer after school.

2.‘나는다음주에할머니댁에갈거야.’를현재진행형으로

말해볼까? - I’m going to my grandma’s next week.

3.‘너방과후에축구할거니?’는?

- Are you going to play soccer after school?

4.‘나방과후에축구안할거야.’는?

- I’m not going to play soccer after school.

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1. will :「will+동사원형」은‘~할것이다’라는미래를나타낸다. (I will come back.)

2. 그밖의미래표현들(1) be going to+동사원형: ~을할예정이다⇒ I’m going to visit my grandma.(2) be about to+동사원형: 막~하려고하고있다⇒ I am about to take a bus.(3) be supposed to+동사원형: ~을하기로되어있다⇒ I am supposed to attend the meeting.(4) be planning to+동사원형: ~할계획이다⇒ I am planning to have a vacation next week.

3. will의부정문 : will의부정은「will not+동사원형」이고will not의축약형은won’t이다. (I will not come back.= I won’t come back.)

4. will의의문문 :will을주어앞에쓴다. 대답할때는will을써서대답한다. (Q:Will you come back? A:Yes, I will./ No, I won’t. // Q: When will you come back? A:I will come back tomorrow.)

1. 구체적인일시가이미정해져있는경우에는현재형으로미래를표현할때도있다. (The plane starts at 2:00.)

2. will의부정의문문은Won’t...?이다. (Won’t you tell me thestory? A: Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.)

Grammar Points Tips

1. ‘나는버스를탈거야.’를여러가지표현으로말해볼래?- I will take a bus. I’m going to take a bus.

2. ‘나는막버스를타려는중이다.’는? - I’m about to take a bus.

3. I will take a bus.의부정문은? - I won’t take a bus.

4. ‘너버스탈거니?’는? - Will you take a bus?

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A. 위로하기 : That’s too bad.

B.계획말하기: I’m going to... (I’m going to go shopping.)

C. 상대방의의견에동의하기

(1) 긍정동의 : So do I. ⇒ A: I like math. B:So do I.(2) 부정동의 : Neither do I. ⇒ A: I don’t like science. B:Neither do I.

1. I’m sorry.는미안하다는뜻외에위로하는말로도쓰인다. (A: My mom is sick. B: I’m sorry.)

2. A: I like math. B: So do I. (= I like it, too.) A: I don’t like science. B: Neither do I. (= I don’t like it, either.)

Grammar Points Tips

1. 안좋은소식을들었을때위로하는말을해볼까? - That’s too bad. / I’m sorry.

2.선생님의말에동의하는말을해봐. I like apples. - So do I.

3. I don’t like pear.에도동의해볼까?

- Neither do I.

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is not going to help his father

am

are

am

is

Are they going

He is going

going to

going to

visit

study you

are

is going to

you going to

he to

you to

going to

44

[1~4]문장을완성하세요.be going to로가까운미래를나타내는문장이다.

[5~7]5. be going to가쓰인문장의부정은be동사다음에not을쓴다. 6. be going to가쓰인문장의의문문은 be동사를문장의맨앞에놓아만든다.

[8~10]8. be동사+주어+going to+동사원형~?9. be going to가쓰인의문문중의문사가있는경우: 의문사+be동사+주어+going to+동사원형~?

10. be going to가쓰인문장의부정은be동사다음에not을쓴다.

[11~12] 문장을완성하세요.11.be going to가쓰인문장의의문문이다.12. 막~하려고하다: be동사+about to+동사원형

[13~16]알맞은대답을고르세요.

13. 과거의한시점을나타내는 last week가쓰였으므로과거시제동사를고른다.

14. 반복적인행동을나타내므로현재시제동사를고른다.

15~16. 미래를나타내는말인soon과 in two hours가쓰였으므로미래시제동사를고른다.

[17~19]next Sunday, nest week 등은미래를나타내는말이므로동사의시제를미래로바꾼다.

[20~21]will을써서문장을완성하세요. 미래를나타내는조동사will은동사원형앞에쓴다.

[22~26]will을써서문장을바꾸세요. 22~23. will의부정은will 다음에not을써서만든다. 24. will의의문문은「Will + 주어+ 동사원형~?」으로만든다. 25~26. will이쓰인의문문에의문사가있는경우will 앞에의문

사를놓는다.

[27~30]대화를완성하세요.27~28, 30. will이쓰인문장의의문문이다.29. 미래의때를묻는말이므로때를나타내는의문사When을문

장의맨앞에놓는다.

Explanations

They will go on a picnic next Sunday.

I will meet Jin-ho next Saturday.

There will be a flower show next week.

will

will wash

go school

They will not play baseball after class.

He will not be happy with the new bike.

Will Tom do his homework after dinner?

Who will clean the house?

When will he come back from Africa?

be

Will

When

Will

be

45

1. 명사의종류 : 명사는크게‘셀수있는명사’와‘셀수없는명사’로나뉜다. 셀수있는명사는다시보통명사, 집합명사로나눌수있고, 셀수없는명사는고유명사, 물질명사, 추상명사로나눌수있다.

2. 보통명사 :같은종류의사람, 동물, 또는일정한모양이있는사물의이름으로단수, 복수의구별이있다. 단수에는명사앞에 a(an)을붙이고, 복수에는단어끝에 -s나 -es를붙인다. (a girl, an apple / bananas, potatoes)

3. 집합명사 : 동일종류의사람이나사물의집합체를가리키는명사로집합체전체를하나로취급할때는단수취급을하고, 그집합체의구성원에중점을둘때는복수취급을한다. (He has a big family. / My family are all fine.)

1. 복수형명사를만들때y로끝나는단어는y를 i로바꾸고es를붙인다. (family - families)

2. 단어끝에 -s나 -es를붙이지않고복수형명사의형태가달라지는단어들도있다. (mouse -mice, tooth-teeth, child-children )

Grammar Points Tips

1. 명사를크게두분류로나눈다면어떻게나눌수있지?- 셀수있는명사와셀수없는명사요.

2. family의복수형은어떻게만들지?- y를 i로바꾸고 es를붙여요.

확인문제

46

1. 물질명사 :일정한형태가없는물질이나재료를일컫는명사로복수로쓰이지않으며, a나an을붙이지도않는다. (Itis water.) 물질명사의양을나타낼때는그것을담는그릇의단위로표현한다. (I want a glass of water.)

2. 고유명사 : 유일한것, 특정한사람이나사물의이름등을

고유명사라하고첫글자는항상대문자로쓴다. (Korea,David, Monday, December)

3. 추상명사 : 성질이나상태등, 형체가없는추상적개념을

나타내는명사로물질명사와마찬가지로 a나 an을붙이지

않고복수로쓰지도않는다. (Art is long, and life is short.)

4. 재귀대명사 : 인칭대명사의 소유격이나 목적격에 -self(-selves)를붙인것을재귀대명사라고하며‘~자신’이라는

뜻을같는다. (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,ourselves, yourselves, themselves)

5. 재귀대명사의쓰임

(1) 동사의목적어로쓰인경우:He killed himself. (그는

그자신을죽였다. 즉, 자살했다.)

(2) 의미를강조하기위해쓰인경우:He did his homeworkhimself. (그는숙제를자기스스로했다.) *이경우에는재

귀대명사생략가능

1. 재귀대명사의관용적표현 : by oneself = alone (혼자서),beside oneself (제정신이아닌), of itself (저절로)

2. Help yourself.는‘마음껏드세요.’라는뜻으로흔히사용되는표현이다. 어떤물건을가리켜말할때는‘마음껏사용하세요.’가된다.

3. 물질명사의양을나타내는여러가지표현(1) a glass of water ( juice / milk) (2) a cup of tea (coffee) (3) a piece of paper (cheese / bread) (4) a sheet of paper

Grammar Points Tips

1.‘물한컵마시고싶어요.’를말해볼까? - I want (to drink) a glass of water.

2.An art is long, and a life is short. 에서틀린부분을바로고쳐서말해볼까? - Art is long, and life is short.

3. 재귀대명사가동사의목적어로쓰인문장을하나말해봐.

- I really enjoyed myself.

4. 이번엔의미를강조하기위해쓰인문장도말해볼까?

- I did my homework myself.

확인문제

47

1. 부정대명사 : 정해지지않은일반사람이나사물또는그수량을막연하게가리키는대명사이다. (one, another,other, some, any, all...)

2. one : 앞에나온셀수있는명사대신에쓰인다. (I have adog. Do you have one? ) 복수형은 ones이다. (I havetwo red hats and two blue ones.) 일반인들을나타낼때도one을쓸수있다. (No one can live without water.)

3. another :‘또다른하나’의뜻이다. (I don’t like thisshirt. Show me another.)

4. some / any : (1) some은‘몇몇’,‘일부분’의뜻으로긍정문에쓰인다. (I have read some of these books.) (2) any는‘어떤것도’의뜻으로부정문이나의문문에쓴다. (I haven’t read any of these books. / Did you read anyof these books?)

5. all / each : (1) all은‘모두’라는뜻으로뒤에단수형명사가올수도있고복수형명사가올수도있다. (All of thebread was gone. / All of the boys are tall.) (2) each는‘저마다’, ‘각각’이라는뜻으로단수취급한다. (Each ofthe boys has his own computer.)

1. some과 any는 -thing, -one, -body와결합된형태로도많이쓰인다. (There was somebody in the room. / I don’t wantanything.)

2. Some...,other... 구문은‘어떤사람들은~하고, 또어떤사람들은~하다’라는뜻이다. (Some like apples, others likepears.)

3. some, any, another은부정형용사로도쓰인다. (I want somewater. / I don’t want any water. / Is there any water? /How about another cup of coffee?)

Grammar Points Tips

1. I have a red skirt. 라는말에대해‘나도있어.’라고대답해볼까? - I have one, too.

2. 옷가게에서옷을입어본후다른옷을더보여달라고말한다면? - Can you show me another?

3.‘몇몇소년들은키가크다.’를말해볼까? - Some of the boys are tall.

4.‘소년들각자는공을가지고있다.’는? - Each of the boys has a ball.

확인문제

48

bedrooms

is

families

glass

piece

cup

enjoyed

help

my

yourself

myself

herself

yourselves

49

1.추상명사, 물질명사는셀수없는명사이고, 보통명사는셀수있는명사이다.

[2~4]주어진단어의알맞은형태로빈칸을채우세요. 2. 명사의복수형은보통명사의끝에 -s를붙여만든다. 3. family는동일종류의사람이나사물의집합체를나타내는집합명사로, 집합체전체를하나로취급할때는단수취급을한다.

4. family처럼y로끝나는명사는y를 i로고치고 -es를붙여복수형을만든다.

[5~7]상자안의단어를올바른형태로바꾸어빈칸을채우세요.5, 7. 물질명사의양을나타낼때는그것을담는그릇의단위로표

현한다. 6. paper, cheese, bread 등은‘조각’이라는의미의 piece를써서양을표현한다.

[8~11]알맞은단어를고르세요.8. I의재귀대명사는myself 9. 스스로: by oneself

10. she의소유대명사는hers 11. it의소유형용사는 its

[12~13] 문장을완성하세요.

12. 즐기다: enjoy oneself 13. 마음껏드세요: Help yourself.

[14~16] 문장을완성하세요.

14. myself는 I를강조하기위해쓰인재귀대명사이다.

15. 자살하다 : kill oneself 16. 스스로를알다 : know oneself

[17~20]one이나 it으로빈칸을채우세요.17~18, 20. 정해지지않은사람이나사물을가리킬때는부정대명

사로받는다. 단수이므로one으로받는다. 19. 정해진사람이나사물은대명사로받는다.

[21~23]알맞은단어를고르세요.21. 정해지지않은자전거한대이므로one으로받는다. 22. 정해지지않은사과여러개이므로ones로받는다. 23. 둘중하나는one, 나머지하나는 the other로받는다.

[24~27]알맞은단어를고르세요. 24. each는단수취급한다. 25. all은복수취급한다. 26. 의문문에는 any~를쓴다. 27. 긍정문에는 some~을쓴다.

[28~30] Some..., others...

Explanations

Some like apples and others like oranges.

Some have dogs, and others have cats.

Some are interested in pop music, and others are interested in classical music.

one

one

it

one