Nutritional Management for the Prevention

of Injury and the Rehabilitation for Winter

Sports Players;

focused on speed skate, short track skate, and

alpine ski.

Hyon PARK, Ph.D. Professor

Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry LAB,

Kyung Hee University, KOREA

I. On-going Research Projects on Winter Sports in

Korea

Research Projects on Winter Sports ;supported by Korean government

• Planning since 2010

• Convergence Projects in Sports Science(Sports 科學 融合硏究事

業 ) has started in 2014 till 2018

• In 2018, PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games, Korea

• Managed by ‘Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning’

and ‘National Research Foundation of Korea’

• Three major projects with 6 million dollars for 5 years

Guidelines for nutritional management with the purpose of the prevention of injury and illness and rehabilitation for winter sports players; focused on speed skate, short track skate, and alpine ski.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING-SPORTS-CLINI-

CAL TECHNIQUE ON THE PREVENTION AND

REHABILITATION BASED ON THE MECHANISM OF

INJURIES IN WINTER SPORTS

Supported by

Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning

National Research Foundation of Korea

2014 ~ 2018

1. Knee Joint

• Highest cases of ligament rupture occur at anterior cruciate ligament *The main

mechanism of injury: Excessive anterior tibial transposition, Extroversion, External rotation

Slip catch Dynamic snowplow Landing

Boot-induced Phantom-boot Deceleration

I. INTRODUCTION

Sports Injury Clinical Research Trends

Three major parts of Winter sports injury ; according to frequency and severity level

Am J Sports Med, 2011; Arthroscopy, 2003

2. Shoulder Joint

• Frequent in skiing, snow-boarding, and ice hockey - Rotator cuff tear(24%), Front joint & humeral joint dislocation (22%),

Acromioclavicular joint dissociation(20%), Clavicular fracture(11%)

• The main mechanism of injury : Axial load acting on the arm / External rotation & abduction power of shoulder-joint

Humeral fractures, Humeral dislocation

Direct hit at Shoulder region Clavicle fracture, Acromioclavicular joint separation

I. INTRODUCTION

Sports Injury Clinical Research Trends

3. Wrist/Ankle Joint

Mechanism of injury need to be studied for the prevention of repetitive injury

Quantitative analysis of biomechanical information is required to assess muscu -

loskeletal injuries at the moment of action

• Wrist injuries are most common injuries during snowboarding

- Radius, ulna fracture

• In case of ski, wrist 5.7%, ankle 8.0% of the total injuries

- Sprains of muscles or ligaments at wrist or ankle

I. INTRODUCTION

Sports Injury Clinical Research Trends

I. INTRODUCTION

Engineering

Sports Science

Clinical/Rehab

Mechanism of Winter sports injuries,Injury prevention, Recovery and Rehabilitation Program Development

II. Objectives and Contents of Study

II. OBJECTIVES AND CON-TENTS 1st 3 Years

Winter sports injuries prediction by using Korean mus-

culoskeletal multi-scale simulation model

Team 1

Technological-convergence and the establishment

Source-technology development

• Wearable motion analysis system technology development for winter sports motion analysis

• Motion analysis and interlock system, Musculoskeletal model building and simulation SW development possible Integration, human kinematics analysis

• Scaling technology development considering the characteristics of musculoskeletal players

• Detailed finite element model of joint development (Upper, lower limb and spinal cord)

• Establishment of injury Predictor based on Joint damage mechanisms

• Human Body Model/ Reproducing injury during winter sports game besed simulation

• Winter sports injury of biomechanics/clinical proven mechanism

Team 1Engineering/

Clinical Team

• Build injury database through Injury Surveillance System

- Filming Training and competition scene using high-speed cameras

- Investigate environmental factors of the stadium: temperature, humidity, ice quality, snow quality, etc.

- Medical information collected injuries through cooperation with stadium medical staff

Literature search ---> Analytical review ---> DB for comparison / analysis

• Measurements on physiological factors; physical, muscular, functional parameters

• Evaluation of nutritional status; diet analysis, personal and group interview & consulting

• Prevention, recovery, and rehabilitation program development based on data built

II. OBJECTIVES AND CON-TENTS 1st 3 Years

Team2

Database establishment of physiology, nutrition, and performance

Built injury surveillance system

Team 2Ex Physiol/

Rehab Team

Field application and evaluation of the Program

II. OBJECTIVES AND CON-TENTS 4th and 5th Years Propose and complement Total Care System

III. Characteristics of

Winter Sports

1.Cold conditions on ice or snow in indoor & outdoor environ-

ment

2. Power and speed required at the same time

3. Relatively higher energy consumption rate

4. Sudden, extreme environmental changes

5. Vulnerable to upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)

6. Relatively shorter season

IV. Nutrition Status (preliminary survey re-sults)

Group1=Teens, Group2=TwentiesGroup1 n=76, Group2 n=19

Ener

gy(k

cal)

Carbo

hydr

ate(

g)

Calcium

(mg)

Anim

al ca

lciu

m(m

g)

Phos

phor

us(m

g)0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

1800.00

2000.00

TeensTwenties

Teens / Twenties Independent t-test

Group1=man, Group2=womanGroup1 n=55, Group2 n=35

Energy(kcal) Phosphorus(mg) Sodium(mg)0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

4000.00

ManWoman

Gender Independent t-test

Group1=man, Group2=womanGroup1 n=55, Group2 n=35

Carbo

hydr

ate(

g)

Lipid(g

)

Anim

al lip

id(g

)

Prot

ein(

g)

Veget

able p

rote

in(g

)

Anim

al p

rote

in(g

)

Selenium

(μg)

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

ManWoman

Gender Independent t-test

Middle school athlete & Korean recommended intake comparison

n=35

Ener

gy(k

cal)

Prot

ein(

g)

Dieta

ry fi

ber(g

)

Vitam

in A

(ug

RE)

Vitam

in D

(ug)

Vitam

in E

(mg)

Vitam

in K

(ug)

Vitam

in C

(mg)

Thia

min

e(m

g)

Ribofl

avin

(mg)

Niacin

(mg)

Vitam

in B

6(m

g)

Folic

acid

(ug)

Vitam

in B

12(u

g)0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Middle school athlete

Middle school athlete

Ener

gy(k

cal)

Prot

ein(

g)

Dieta

ry fi

ber(g

)

Vitam

in A

(ug

RE)

Vitam

in D

(ug)

Vitam

in E

(mg)

Vitam

in K

(ug)

Vitam

in C

(mg)

Thia

min

e(m

g)

Ribofl

avin

(mg)

Niacin

(mg)

Vitam

in B

6(m

g)

Folic

acid

(ug)

Vitam

in B

12(u

g)0

50

100

150

200

250

University school athlete

University school athlete

n=25

University athlete & Korean recommended intake comparison