hints for prevention: parent’s role on health promoting schools 防患未然小錦囊家長角色...

Hints for Prevention: Parent’s Role on HeHints for Prevention: Parent’s Role on Health Promoting Schoolsalth Promoting Schools

防患未然小錦囊防患未然小錦囊家長角色家長角色

Professor Albert LeeDirector of Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion

Professor (Head of Family Medicine) Department of Community and Family Medicine

The Chinese University of Hong KongHonorary Consultant of Family Medicine

李大拔教授香港中文大學醫學院健康教育及促進健康中心主任

香港中文大學醫學院社區及家庭醫學系教授 ( 家庭醫學主管 )

家庭醫學榮譽顧問

課程改革有哪七個學習宗旨？

其中包括

- 健康生活方式- 責任感資料來源：課程發展處教育統籌局

Why is it Important to Promote Health at Schools?Why is it Important to Promote Health at Schools?

為何在校推廣健康是如此的重要為何在校推廣健康是如此的重要 ?? Health Status Learning Outcomes

健康狀況學習成效

Both health and education are linked to the economic performance and social cohesion of modern industrialized society

在現代化的城市裏，健康及教育均與經濟成就和社會團結有莫大關係

Substantial evidence indicates that health is a major fSubstantial evidence indicates that health is a major factor affecting the learning capacity of a personactor affecting the learning capacity of a person

不少証據顯示，健康是影響人們不少証據顯示，健康是影響人們學習能力的主要因素學習能力的主要因素

(WHO, 1997; Ziglio, 1997; Lavin et al., 1992; World Bank, 1993; WHO, 1995)

In line with Curriculum ReformIn line with Curriculum Reform配合課程改革

Enable students to develop healthy living model

確立學生的健康生活模式

Promote self esteem

提升自信

Cultivate correct values and concepts of life

培養正確的價值觀

In line with Health Care reformIn line with Health Care reform配合醫護改革配合醫護改革

Strengthen the implementation of preventive medicine

加強預防醫學的實踐與推行

Empower the concept and skills of self help and self care.

增加自我照護的概念及技巧

There has not been any new case of SARS reported in Hong Kong since June 2003 but we have to prepare on the assumption that this will return.

自從 2003 年 6 月，本港雖再沒有 SARS新症，然而我們須嚴陣以待，假設它會回來。

Timely issue: will SARS come back?最新話題︰ SARS 會回來嗎？

Related websites 相關網站

Checklist of measures to combat SARS www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200309/22checklist-e.pdf

www.info.gov.hk/info/sars/e_profession.htm www.who.int/csr/sars/en/index.html

http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200309/22checklist-e.pdf




http://www.info.gov.hk/info/sars/e_profession.htm






http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/index.html



構成傳染病的〝三種〞要素傳染原 (Infections Agent)

↓ 傳染途徑 (Mode of spread)

易受病者 (Susceptible host )

切斷這三種要素之間任何二者的關係，便能控制傳染病的傳播

Infectious prevention and control in school學校傳染病預防及控制的方法

Norwalk-like Viruses

In developed countries, acute diarrheal illness remains an important cause of morbidity among both children and adults

在已發展的國家，由急性肚瀉帶來的身體不適是引致兒童和成人發病的主要因素

Viral Gastroenteritis Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎病毒性腸胃炎

Two distinct groups of viruses – the rotaviruses and the enteric caliciviruses, such as Norwalk virus – as well as a variety of bacterial pathogens have emerged as important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis

包括兩類明顯的病毒– 1) 輪狀病毒和 2) Enteric caliciviruses, 例如：諾沃克病毒 –和不同種

類的細菌病原體皆顯露出是腸胃炎的主要致病原


Rotavirus infection occurs worldwide

By the age of 3 years, virtually every individual ha

s been infected by rotaviruses at least once

輪狀病毒感染可以是全球性發生由三歲開始 , 事實上每個人皆有致少感染過一

次輪狀病毒的可能性


In areas with a temperate climate, rotavirus infection is seasonal, occurring in the cooler winter months

於溫帶地區，輪狀病毒感染是季節性發生，和多出現於較寒冷的冬季


The majority of rotavirus infections are subclinical or cause mild gastrointestinal illness that do not require hospitalization

The onset of illness is usually abrupt 大多數的輪狀病毒感染都沒有臨床症狀，或會

引致溫和的腸胃炎不適，而不需要住院治療通常是突發性病發


More than 80 percent of affected children develop vomiting followed by diarrhea

About one-third of hospitalized children have a temperature of greater than 39°C (102.2°F)

多過八成的受感染兒童會出現嘔吐過後接著是肚瀉的症狀

大概有三分之一的住院兒童會出現發燒大過 39°C (102.2°F) 的情況


Gastrointestinal symptoms usually last between 2 and 6 days

Immunity is not complete 腸胃炎症狀一般維持 2 至 6 日暫時未有疫苗注射


Norwalk infection occurs year-round and is common

More than 70 percent of adults in both developed and

less developed countries have antibodies to this virus

諾沃克病毒感染是普遍和每年皆發生於已發展和將近發展的國家中，多過七成的成人

對此病毒已有抗體

Norwalk-like viruses Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒諾沃克類病毒

Antibody acquisition occurs at a younger age amo

ng children in less developed countries than amon

g those in developed areas

於將近發展國家的年幼兒童比起已發展國家的年幼兒童較容易產生抗體


Norwalk virus is spread by the fecal-oral route In developed countries, the virus is responsible for o

ne-third of all epidemics of nonbacterial gastroenteritis

諾沃克病毒的傳播媒介是經口或糞便在已發展國家中，此病毒佔有全部非細菌性腸胃

炎爆發的三分之一


The virus is a common cause of waterborne epidemics of gastroenteritis and has been shown to be the etiologic agent in nursing home, cruise ship, and institutional (summer camp and school) outbreaks

此病毒正是導致經由飲水而感染腸胃炎的主要原因而且，當腸胃炎發生在家居護理、遊輪及公共團體

時 ( 如夏令營和學校 ) ，皆顯示出此病毒便是致病原


Norwalk illness has an incubation period of between 18 and 72 h.

Disease is characterized by the abrupt onset of nausea and abdominal cramps followed by vomiting and/or diarrhea

諾沃克病毒疾病的潛伏期為 18 至 72小時其發病的特色主要是突發性的作嘔、腹痛、接著是嘔吐

和 / 或肚瀉


Vomiting is reported more frequently for children th

an for adults

Low-grade fever [above 37.5°C (99.5°F)] develops i

n about half of affected individuals

報告指出，兒童出現嘔吐的情況比成人多低溫發燒 [ 大概 37.5°C (99.5°F)] 出現於過半數

的受感染者


Headache, myalgias, and abdominal pain are common

The illness is usually mild and self-limited, lasting 24 to 48 h.

一般症狀包括：頭痛、肌痛和腹痛此疾病通常是溫和和自限的，維持 24 至 48小

時


Most people do not develop long-term resistance

多數人沒有產生長期抗性


Reference 相關資訊

衛生署熱線︰ 2961 8966

教統局︰預防傳染病在學校擴散 http://www.emb.gov.hk/circular/data/embcm/EMBCM03310C.pdf

衛生署：預防病毒性腸胃炎 http://www.emb.gov.hk/mailattach/SchoolGE_C.pdf

衛生署：學校預防傳染病指引 http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/guide-c.htm

http://www.emb.gov.hk/circular/data/embcm/EMBCM03310C.pdf






http://www.emb.gov.hk/mailattach/SchoolGE_C.pdf




http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/guide-c.htm




衛生署：病毒性腸胃炎討論會簡報 http://www.emb.gov.hk/EDNEWHP/resource/viral_gastroenteritis/Chinese/download/vgs.ppt

衛生署：諾沃克類病毒感染 http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/CD/Norwalkc.htm

衛生署：預防傳染病資訊集 http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/CD/CD_indexc.html

食環署：諾沃克類病毒知多少？ http://www.fehd.gov.hk/safefood/library/norwalk/norwalkc.html

Reference 相關資訊

http://www.emb.gov.hk/EDNEWHP/resource/viral_gastroenteritis/Chinese/download/vgs.ppt





http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/CD/Norwalkc.htm




http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/CD/CD_indexc.html





http://www.fehd.gov.hk/safefood/library/norwalk/norwalkc.html





Health Promotion (by WHO)世界衛生組織將健康促進定義為 The process of enabling people to increase control ove

r, and to improve their health增強人們掌控及改善自己健康的能力

To ensure sustained positive changes 確保能持續地作出正面的改善 To address the interwined social, educational, psychol

ogical, and health needs of school children 配合學童在社會、教育、心理和健康上的多種需要

Health Promoting SchoolsHealth Promoting Schools健康促進學校健康促進學校

Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme香港健康學校獎勵計劃

The Hong Kong Subsidized Secondary Schools Council香港津貼中學議會

the Subsidized Primary Schools Council

津貼小學議會

World Health Organisation世界衛生組織

the Hong Kong Special Schools Council香港特殊學校議會

the Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion

of the Faculty of Medicine of The CUHK

香港中文大學醫學院健康教育及促進健康中心

Education and Manpower Bureau教育統籌局

Quality school health programmes

Formal curriculum正規課程

The environment學校環境

Health services健康服務 Partnerships

伙伴關係

School policies學校政策

面對不同疾病對我們和下一代的威脅，作面對不同疾病對我們和下一代的威脅，作為家長的您可擔當什麼角色？為家長的您可擔當什麼角色？

You as parents are taking what kind of roles while you and your children are facing the threat of different diseases?

School Health Policies學校健康政策

As an advisor, monitor & reviewer作為顧問、監察及檢討過程的諮詢者 Example:

Health eating policy 健康飲食政策 Infectious control policy 傳染病控制政策

Understand the goal & content of health education

明白健康教育的目的及內容

Health Education Curriculum健康教育課程

Provide home environment to sustain children personal health skills: Reinforcement

提供理想的家庭環境，強化孩子在學校所學的健康生活技能

Modeling e.g. Personal Hygiene, Civil Responsibility

以身作則，例如注重個人衛生、重視公民責任

Health Education Curriculum健康教育課程

Health Services 健康服務

Provide accurate health information of children to school

提供準確的學生健康資料予學校 e.g. SARS: Temperature 例如 SARS ︰個人體溫

Health Services健康服務

Report any kinds of infectious disease that your child suffer, e.g. Hand foot mouth.

向學校報告孩子任何患上的傳染病，例︰手足口病

Keep your child at home accordingly for rest讓孩子在家休息

Health Services 健康服務

Collaborate with health services providing organization, e.g. DH Student Health Services

配合現存的健康服務，例如衛生署的學童保健計劃

Environment學校環境

Take part in school cleaning and beautifying activities

參與校園清潔及美化工作

Not just keeping school environment clean…butNot just keeping school environment clean…but

不但保持學校環境衛生…也能不但保持學校環境衛生…也能

1. Improve relationships between parent, children & school 增進親子關係及與學校之關係

2. Increase the sense of belonging in students to school 提昇學生對學校的歸屬感

3. Let your child putting civic and moral education into practice through the school cleaning & beautiful activities 透過參與校園清潔及美化工作，提供孩子一個公民教育實踐的機會

Partnership伙伴關係

As human resource to school parent volunteer, e.g. SARS

為學校義工隊，成為學校的人力資源，例如 SARS期間的工作

Provide professional input, e.g. medical, nursing

提供專業意見，例如醫療或護理的意見

Health Promotion Programmes needing Health Promotion Programmes needing support from parentssupport from parents 健康推廣計劃需要家長的支持健康推廣計劃需要家長的支持

http://www.hkedcity.net/project/cuhk_sars/

http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/hep/hygiene_charter/hygiene_charter.htm

http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/hep/hygiene_charter/movie/movie.html

TEAM CLEAN objectives 全城清潔策劃小組目標 a Pledge Day to act in each September 每年九月舉行「承諾日」

Summary of Features of this Project計劃總結

create a culture of healthy habit and healthy living environment

建立健康的文化和一個健康的生活環境

Healthy School 健康學校

Healthy Community 健康社區

Healthy future generation健康的新一代

Thank you!

hints for prevention: parent’s role on health promoting schools 防患未然小錦囊家長角色...

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