hiroshi ohno story

Hiroshi OhnoPortfolio Story

NEXTA2014

JIA

Hiroshi Ohno /The University of Shiga Prefecture

Environmental Science Graduate SchoolEnvironmental Architecture Design

LAB. Ashizawa ryuichi

Tel:+81 80 6133 4624Mail:[email protected]

EA ( )

12

Judges award

Judges award

First prize

Second prize

Best 12

Judges award

History of awarded prize

NEXTA2014

Thermogenic competition

The Umiversity Of Shiga Prefecture Diploma

Fukuoka Design Reviw

The Japan Instite of Architects Deploma national convention

Architectural Institute of Japan Design competition 2015

Dear Mr. Bijoy Jain

I came to India to see you.

I visited an affected area in Philippine alone to achieve my

motto design constructions with opinion from local people.

Although I could have visited the spot, I had difficulty in

designing things that I got in there as construction.

I would like to learn the technique under you.

Could you let me do my annual internship in your office?

I would like to begin my work from about next May.

Hiroshi Ohno Story -

Living together / - Bamboo House / In history, Japanese architecture has put much value on repairing cultural buildings to maintain its constructions, structures and designs when they get old.Using advantage of architecture, the Japanese have been living to keep repairing.This project aimed to build an assembly house mainly made of natural bamboos, whose lifetime is short, doing repairs provides the locals and students chances to have good communications and live together under the house.

Settling into the land / - The design room on the premise / You cannot see the local life or the local people s feelings from where you are.Going there, feeling the weather and the air and seeing the way of living, you will be able to reflect something invisible in words and buildings based on the Japanese culture and soul into constructions you are going to make. 53

To become part of the Earth / - The parasitized Building / Approach of handling building as organic object helps to gain relative humidity, natural wind circulation, and get comfortable space for warmth.It shows that building belongs to the global cycle. This project has eliminated artifacts and succeeded to build the fine community center which is one of the ecology system with taking humidity.

Architecture grow up together and commune with land in our life cycle.At those time, everyone love architecture.

Belief - contents

- 53 -

53

The design room on the premise-The record of the life and design for 53 days in Philippines-

Because I questioned designing on the desk, I went to Philippines from Japan practically.I had been stayed in Tacloban in Philippines for 53 days to draw a draft of residential models and construct it.

I learned how to construct houses in there, lived in the house I designed and built, ate foods with my fingers, drank alcohol with local people, taught soccer to them, and wiped my bottom with my hands.

Living with them brought me some new ideas.I designed an improvement design afresh based on something we cannot see without live with local people.I would like to keep a record of the life and design.

53

Location : Tacloban Anibong

Principal use : Residential

Building area : 7.5

Total floor area : 7.5

Structure : Coco lumberPhilippines map

site

Tacloban, one of the city in Philippines, sustained serious damages from a heavy typhoon last November.The government and various associations are proceeding with reconstruction projects. Their situation is similar to The Great East Japan Earthquake s one.Architects propose and execute every conceivable means in these circumstances.To what extent do they get actual conditions?It was my question when I saw the plan that was suggested in Tacloban.

Architects make their plans with spending a lot of time in design rooms at present.However, where their plans will be build is in sites and who will use it is local people.We have to understand more about sites.

In this time, I designed proposals from the research in the field and constructed.I experienced local life and obtained for local needs.Finally I lived in the house I built and reconstructed by considering what local people really need on the site.I will design and built the thing we can know only from standing on the ground.

( )

( )

2014.12.04 2014.12.10~ 2014.12.27~

2015.01.17 2015.01.17~ 2015.01.17~24

I flew from Japan to the disaster area in Philippine. I planned a house by the research and comparison with the plan I made in Japan.

I began to construct with local people researching resident s opinion.(I also began living in owner s house)

Completion of the house and I moved into it. I experienced local life, drunk together with local people, and understood their life.

I redesigned the house after drunk.(It was hard because Philippines tried to saturate my glass)

Process

1 4

Tacloban

Tacloban

2013.11.09Typhoon Yolanda /

2014.08.01 ~ 09Recearch /

Philippines map

site

Coastal barrack

Composition

Coastal barrack

Other facilities like day-care center (transient anchorage)

Temporary house

The supply cannot catch up The supply cannot catch up

People are going to migration

People are going to migration

Site

Tacloban is the center of business, sightseeing, education, culture, and politics in the whole Eastern Visayas, Region VIII. Many vessels and planes use this port town, and there are colorful markets in western edge of the pier. The population is about two hundred thousand, and the number of the barangay (village) is 138. The special capital was Tacloban during Second World War. Tacloban was in the best 10 of the competitive cities in Philippine. Tacloban was rank 5th in the whole Philippine, and rank 2nd in the field of emergent cities.

November 9, 2013, large typhoon crossed Philippine.This time s site, Tacloban, was the place that was hit by the typhoon and affected by high tide water.

Highest winds 10-minute sustained : 230 km/h (145 mph)1-minute sustained : 315 km/h (195 mph)Lowest pressure895 hPa (mbar); 26.43 inHg Fatalities6,340 confirmed, 1,061 missingDamage$2.86 billion (2013 USD)Number of deaths 6,201

Temporary house, permanent house, building area

Waterlogged land by from 1 to 4 meter high tide water

City limits

River

the conceptual drawing of high tide water

40 meters in ocean-side were nominated as the off-limits zone because of the dangerousness of tidal wave. The government agencies and lobbying organizations move residents of the coastal area to the area that they cut the site and built temporary and permanent house. I received the impression that recovery and erection finally began at August 2014. There were few places where supplies were furnished in coastal area. However, the circumstance of life in coastal area was really bad because the support was focused on cutting the land. Besides, transfer was directed so they cannot spend money to houses.

Migration was determined so people cannot spend money to their house

People cannot wait for migration and build temporary barrack

permanent house

coastal barrack Poor people lived there, were screwed with the tidal wave, and lost their houses. They corrected waste materials together and began to build barracks after the typhoon was gone.They are waiting for moving to the house the government will prepare, but they cannot move easily because the supply is not catch up.People who are waiting for migration also cannot move easily and build barrack in the coastal area.

temporary house Various organizations builds it so there are differences depends on the area. The most common house is made of coconut tree for constitution and bamboo for wall. There was local phenomenon, but was only few gaiety like in the coast area. Then , t he m id l and a r ea was ho t and inhospitable for costal people.

permanent house It was on the way to build, and the migration was not began in Augus t . Houses made f rom reinforced concrete were line. The plan for house was small. I felt it was strong against typhoon but its living climate was very bad. The plan seems only pursue the speed and overlook resident s life.

05

1015202530354045()

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

(mm)

0102030405060708090

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

()

SCALE = 1 : 1000 m

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

LINE BEARING DISTANCE

BBM#22 - 1 N 84 - 05 W 740.52m

1 - 2 S 62 - 45 W 294.91m

2 - 3 N 31 - 18 W 42.17m

3 - 4 N 06 - 31 W 174.16m

4 - 5 N 47 -09 W 24.06m

5 - 6 N 62 - 51 E 424.43m

6 - 7 S 22 - 29 E 200.89m

7 - 8 S 20 - 38 E 38.41m

8 - 1 S 66 - 53 W 159.29m

AREA = 100,984.00 SQ.M.

LOT 5401

LOT 4426

LOT 5402( LGU TAC )

LOT 5408

LOT 4488( LGU - TAC )



LOT 4428PROJECT AREA

LOT 4430

Note:

Digitized from the Topo Map of lot 4428,

Cad 220 as prepared and signed by

Engr. ARIEL S. DE GUIA, licensed Geodetic

Engineer, and as submitted to NHA by the

LGU - Tacloban City.

30 HAIYAN (YORANDA)201311498911895hp(118) : 90m/s

: 6,201 : 1,785 : 410 : 1608 : 114 : 398(964)2014129612.422014130

2013 11 9

40m

Housing supply

There are people who come back to their oceanfront house in Tacloban. It is because they cannot wait for migration. If we consider the ability of coming a big typhoon again, we have to reform living environment to turn off residents fear.I suggest the house to improve their living situation. I will design so that I realize following requirement as a provider.

Strength against typhoon /

inexpensive price /

Possibility of residents building /

The condition of proposal /

( )

2014.12.04

2014.12.04 - 2015.01.24The record of the life and design for 53 days / 53

2015.01.24

Current houses are connected by almost only nails so they are vulnerable to typhoon.

Residents cannot spend much money to their house because they were primarily poor and screwed with the typhoon.

The houses are usually built by only carpenters and owner in Tacloban. I will try to construct with only materials that residents can get in Tacloban.

I don t know where I will move.I can t imagine my new life in which I will move.

I m not sure I can find new job or not in new place.The government and support groups prepare new houses for people per house, but people do not know when, where, and what kind of house they will move so say like above. The government and residents have profound disagreements.

(From the research in site)

BARANGAY MAPTACLOBAN CITY

N

0 2km

2014.12.04 2014.12.20

2014.12.26

2014.12.16

I experienced typhoon 3rd times in my 53 days stay.Every time typhoons came, the supply of electricity and water was stopped.We need the way we can survive without infrastructure.

(From the real-life experience)

There is no infrastructure in the coast area.People use public toilet on the sea and drink well water.Many people disembogue their sewerage into the sea.

(From the research in site)

What are you doing?Come into the shadow, sunlight is hot.

Sit down here, sit down.There is no wind and hot in the house so people lives inside and outside. Everyone makes their community by bringing their houseware into shadow. The outside communities are companionable and bustling.

(From residents)

Design house with minimal area

I will consider using solar heat, compost, and rain water, and do experiment for temperature and water quality with this time s mock-up.

Living outside, minimal inside / The residents spend their almost daytime outside. They chews the fat in the house s shadow. They think about activities outside and make their inside minimal. They holds down their money for houses by keeping their house small.

By bind Nipa fruticans on flames on land and use hinge on the top of roof, we do not need to do anything on roofs and we can construct easily.

Although many barracks were built, people s living climate is really bad. Besides there is worry about collapse by leaking roof. This area have much typhoon.

We wil l not use nai ls to main frame construction so that we can separate and assemble. It will make reuse of the house easy in new place and upgrade houses, and res idents w i l l bu i ld bet te r houses . Additionally, reusing of the house that I designed as public places in new place that h a v e m u c h r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e construction grace this region.

Tacloban

4 15

22 HAGUPIT (RUBY)

2014121362115 905hp(118) : 80m/s

3013613651

Proposal

Proposal

Proposal

Proposal

Typhoon and infrastructure / I left the Kansai International Airport at December 4th, 2014, but the flight was canceled because of approaching of large typhoon.A friend went to ahead, so this situation affected me.As a result, the typhoon turned off and the damage was small.I arrived at Tacloban after 3 days from the pass of the typhoon.Water and electricity supply were stopped and I was forced to live without these.

How is your life in native house?Good, it s more comfortable than other houses.Why do you use nipa?It s because I don t have money. People perceives the house that uses nature materials are comfortable as living climate. However, they does not like these because these need effort to build. Some people like to live in native houses, but some people say they use nature materials because of money.

(From residents)

We make flames on land and roof with Nipa fruticans.

We raise these flames and overlay it on walls.

Migration and shabby house / The area that 40 meters around the sea was specified as no-resident area. The government has been built and supplied houses in other places to the people. Residents build their interim house in the area around the sea. These tentative houses will be pulled down when they get new houses from the government so they cannot spend much money for it. We will build the house that we can dismantle, put together in other place later, and reuse it. I would like to add value to houses by doing so.

People does not like nature materials / Nature materials are comfortable environmentally and inexpensive, but these has not been used for some reasons of method of construction. By having another look at crafting technique, I will reconsider about using these.

Exterior life and minimal interior /

component /

Residents use trees in around for hanging out

Something similar to Japanese charcoal stove

Minimal space

Composting toilet

Residents bathe with water that is scooped by other houses and use rainwater for washing and so on.

1/30

75

amakan

nipa

ridge rollgalvalume

nipa shinules

steel pipe =2.0 3ft

plywood

plywood

bamboo

bamboo

conpost toilet

coco lunber post

coco lunber roof

Each floor plan /

component / sum /

plywood 4*8 4.5mm 3101*2*10 M 83 4*8 9mm 620

C 25 amakan 4*8 2302*2*8 L 133 bamboo l=6ft *10 200

M 133 galvalume 4*10 370C 30 nipa l=4ft 10

0.5*2*8 G 30M 30 C 15 ride roll l=2ft 220

2*2*10 C 40 nipa shinules 1.5G 130 steel pipe =2.0 l=20ft 140

1*1*8 C 151*6*8 C 1601*8*8 C 80

G 2131*6*10 G 2001*2*8 C 20

G 452*3*8 L 1601*8*10 G 2132*8*12 C 1762*6*12 C 1302*2*12 C 451*8*12 C 1201*1*12 C 250.5*2*12 C 251*6*12 C 752*3*10 G 2001*2*12 C 302*2*12 L 2002*3*12 C 70 LLAWAAN SamarMMAHOGANILeyteGGEMILINA LeyteCCOCONUTBureun

Total amount for build /

P10,342.5 = 27,748 P1 = 2.68

Floor framing plan Assembly drawing for room under roof

wood Materials for floor and exterior wall

Othererior wall

Expensive order

size kind sum

Roof plan

The barracks in this area was made by waste materials and other materials by donation by support groups. Therefore we cannot suppose their price. However, it might be from 500 to 1000 peso in our research. The residents who pay for all materials is potential for building.

pipe=2.0

Coconut lumber

12 Coconut lumber

pipe=2.0Detail of hinge of roof

Details of posts and floor beam / We make a post by piece three 12 materials.

1000600

700

reference : The details of posts of barracks in Tacloban

23 Coconut lumber(12 Coconut lumber3)

22 Coconut lumber

22 Coconut lumber

23 Coconut lumber

23 Coconut lumber

12 Coconut lumber(We change to 18 coconut lumber when we build)

12 Coconut lumber

Rubble of concrete

Gathering of rainwater

Residents will get rainwater by using wall. We use galvalume for roof that gathers rainwater. Nipa frutican is not good because i t g a the r s du s t . Residents will gather rainwater in bucket under floor. This time, I will experiment the survey of water quality and the purifying for use of rainwater.

Composting toilet

Sawdust

floor beam 280

200

bucket

It is segregation style. I use sawdust as drier. It will dry urine. Excrement will be accumulated once, so be moved to other compost when first compost got full.

Dismantlement and reconstruct (migration and shabby house)

( )

Use of nature materials (People dislike nature materials) ( )

We structure without nail

Tentative house HouseExterior follyMeeting space

Coastal area Coastal area*after barracks were swept Permanent house Other move

Coastal area will be swept like slum after residents migration. We plan to dismantle our house, get off icial approval for some space, and make small village. We will make the home for residents.

There are many reinforced concrete construction and it make alleys b igger so less shadow than in barracks. If we move our house in here as exterior folly, it will keep exterior life that until now.

The place for migration by the government is possible to be so far from Tacloban. In that case, we will look for the site by ourselves and make it possible that moving in Tacloba

No.1 2014.12.27

Details of band part of posts, floor beam, and timber /

We make it up by timbering and steel pipe.

The hinge made by pip

galvalume 4*10 370nipa l=4ft 10

4ft

4ft

1.5ft

10ft0.8ft

0.8ft

0.8ft

nipa

galvalume

10ft =13 P13010ft P370

1piece

We lift the roof in which the tied to the roof on the ground the nipa

Nipa frutican is much cheaper when we compare the price of galvalume with Nipa frutican as material for roof. We will use nature materials by changing the way of construction.

Use of nature materials (People dislike nature materials) ( )

No. (month)/ (month)/people (day)/people (P400/month) (P300/month)

1 5 4000 800 26.66666667

2 4 4000 1000 33.33333333 3 4 5000 1250 41.66666667 4 4 0 0 5 6 0 0 6 8 6000 750 25 () 7 11 5000 454.5454545 15.15151515 8 2 0 0 9 6 5000 833.3333333 27.77777778

10 3 0 0 11 4 4000 1000 33.33333333 12 6 0 0 13 4 0 0 14 4 0 0 15 4 0 0 16 3 1500 500 16.66666667 17 3 1500 500 16.66666667 18 9 3000 333.3333333 11.11111111 19 3 1500 500 16.66666667 20 7 2000 285.7142857 9.523809524 21 7 2500 357.1428571 11.9047619 22 4 4000 1000 33.33333333 23 7 2000 285.7142857 9.523809524 24 11 2000 181.8181818 6.060606061 25 3 5000 1666.666667 55.55555556 26 3 2000 666.6666667 22.22222222 27 2 3000 1500 50 28 1 4000 4000 133.3333333 29 9 1500 166.6666667 5.555555556 30 6 2000 333.3333333 11.11111111 31 6 0 0 32 12 0 0 33 8 0 0 34 5 10000 2000 66.66666667

Average 5.411765 3500 598.9686784 19.96562261

Nipa frutican is much cheaper when we compare the price of galvalume with Nipa frutican as material for roof. We will use nature materials by changing the way of construction.

1. It is depends on the place even in Barngy36 that which people use waterworks department or well. There are usually water supply in regions in downtown side, but people in area that ships run on basically use water from well.2. People use mineral water as drinking water.3. People who do not have toilet use public toilet above the sea.4. Harbor is basically school, church, and relative s house.

I made my house with a carpenter and two helper in 3 days

(From residents)

(From Construction)

(From experience of life)

(From residents)

site

I walked for look for the site. People who tidy their new built houses up spoke to me and I listened to their words. They told me they had two houses in their site. Now they built a temporary house until migration. I told them the substance of my graduation paper and asked them to let me use their site. They smiled, answered okay, and told me it is because the site was vacant. The structuring was started from here.

Barangay67

2014.12.27

2014.12.30

2015.01.02

2015.01.03

2015.01.04

searching for the site /

timbering /

typhoon /

Tacloban

23 JANGMI( SENING)2014 12 29 29 966hp20m/s

8 31 35 29 30 1 1

The warning when typhoon Yolanda came was the lowest level, signal level 1, so people did not flee. However, in fact the rain was violet. My inn got also heavy rain. I felt fear even in reinforced concrete construction. The seawater flooded into the coastal area. The sound of rain that hit the roof of galvalume was very noisy and sometimes we cannot talk. The sea level rise to under knee.

The sound when rain hit the galvalume make fear bigger. The sea level was rose and reached under the peoples knees so people could have not went out of their houses. Considerable rainwater entered their houses when they came back next day.

Coconut tree has thick fiber so we could break and work it with chisel easily. I think Philippines are unexpectedly good at delicate works from my mind.

When I showed how to make floor up,

Its strong. Lets use it for all part.

The community in the entrance /

skills for nail / TimberworkCoconut tree has thick fiber. Its easy to split by beating with a chisel, and good to work. Remembering the days of carpenter works, I find that Filipino are good at detail-related work.

The entrance is the place for talking. The place for business.

Conversations is born with passing friends, seller, and playing children in the entrance. The entrance become the haunt for communication.

We did timberwork for floor beam and joist. The Philippines seemed tired because of amount of timberwork. However they seemed to be tries to build stronger house even if they had some small troubles.

A man who built their house spoke to me and we talked. He had been waited for move to other place in day-care center for a year. Then he could not wait and returned. He told me he felt his present house like in outside. He did not when he leave that house.

Before typhoon Yolanda came, a woman s and her grandmother s house was stood in the site. Typhoon Yolanda came here during they built a reinforced concrete house and broke it. She had been waited for move to permanent house in other place for a year, ant then she cannot wait and built the house in right side of the site.

I could have not slept.I could have not escape to out of my house.

2015.01.05

2015.01.06

2015.01.17

2015.01.18~

2015.01.22

2015.01.07~15

Harder wood, softer wood /

Common use /

Work up on the roof /

When I bought a coconuts, harder and softer woods are mixed. There are also difference of if its center or out, the cause is a lot of young woods are mixed in it which is downed by YORANDA. Softer woods split by just hit a nail. But to use up whole a tree in Tacloban where has big coconut industry is important.

main structure:

floor joist: softer

As I stay in the building site, people meeting and talking by using public facilities (ex. Water service, lavatory, drying area) which they dont have it in their own house. I find that, many common things and spaces Outside of houses pile up and make regional characteristics. There are many common things but not so many common spaces perhaps because of site location, it seems less the community is actively pursued.

The problem is that its heavy. Not to climb up on the roof.

I proposed that making a roof on the ground and lifting it up on the top, because it must be difficult to bind the nipa palm to the frame or to build the roof frames at higher place, but Filipino thinks thats not good because the weight of parts becomes heavy and a big number of people are needed for it. We decided that we built the roof frames on the ground and bind the nipa on the roof by discussing with Filipino. Actually I worked up on the roof and it was really difficult to work, hard to keep my power. I found important thing to construction is to see local method and technique which I have.

For Japanese me, its a problem to climb up on the roof, but for Filipino problem is that the weight becomes heavy and it can't be made with a small number of people. Its a perception gap between local people and me. But actually its difficult to work on the roof and also it takes long. The roof must be lighter and be uplifted.

Changed the construction process by discussing with Filipino

Rope work /

Family community /

Fasten tightly

Easy to loosen

Bind up

Most of the Filipino tie everything with rope. I thought it was like Furoshiki, which is Japanese traditional wrapping cloth because most of the Japanese wrap up everything with Furoshiki. They used those three ways fasten tightly, easy to loosen and bind up, as the main knot. I think things

Infrastructure experiment / I tried find and make what I need living in the house.I explain Filipino composting toilet and bring a different culture. Another side I discover that I could make hot water in my life.

In Philippine its not rare that peoples relatives and their brothers live nearby their family. Their friends not connecting by their blood just sit in front door of a house but people connecting by blood can go inside the house and be relaxed just like their house. To guarantee their minimum level of living, it is necessary to break the bonds of their community.

Friends (front door community)

Family and relatives

2015.01.06

Composting

Ive been used composting toilet for a week. Solid and liquid waste segregation type. It didnt have vermination or bad smell, but I smelled the faint odor of sawn wood which is putted in it as a desiccant.

Rainwater ElectricityI tried to charge the mobile battery with a small solar panel but it doesnt have enough electric-generating capacity.

As I measure the temperature of water in blue bucket which I put outside, it was 37 and water run out of black hose from a water supply records 43.5. Using this system I could wash my body with hot water at last.

Solar heat

I took samples of water from a well, a water supply and rainwater. To examine water pollution I did Colon bacillus inspection. As a result, water from well was most dirty, water supply and rainwater was equally. There are many people using well water mainly, this result stimulates rainwater using. I will test simple filtration for rainwaters possibility.

Select harder wood for structure, consume softer wood as studding or floor joist.

2743

4877

2438 2438

3810

610

152

2938

1829

1/60

The community in front of entrance

Family community

Minimum spaceWe will minimalize the living space to curb our spending but spread space of living with rope and tent.

Pogon uses outside space

conpost toilet

We are going to spread the entrance by putting tent on outside space. If we do so, The communication with people who pass in front of the entrance will be increase. Furthermore it will be middle space and people can enter the house easily.

Spreading minimum space so that people get the space for their relatives.

Panelize of using nail (the skills of nail) ( )

Floor framing plan Assembly drawing for room under roof Roof plan

Galvanlime plywood

way to build

Each floor plan /

Post Floor panel

Bunch of post side of wall (entrance side)

Bunch of post Roof panel

Floor panel wall panel (entrance side) roof panel

waste materialnipa

People in Tacloban are used to drive nails so they make panel with nail easily. (They indeed did it when we did like that on structure of roof.) We put the panels as the base and put walls. I try to improve the efficiency of work by make walls and make it panel. We will use waste materials with many intermediate posts.

Panel

Floor wall Roof

Finish

Move : Making the size of panel to suit

the standard of jeepney, and people can

move this materials to new places after

10ft

10ft

3ft

3ft

Floor panel

Floor panel

We make 3 poles to a post by tying.

Post Roof panel

Roof panel

We pinch wall panel with floor panel and roof panel.

The post to put roof panels on.

Post

W e i n s e r t a n d fasten panel to the p o s t t h a t i s c ompo s ed o f 3 posts (the middle one has holes).

1/100

typhoon and rope /

We are going to use the rope as the reinforcement of the house by folding the part of tent when typhoon comes.

AA

B C

A

A. tie tight

C

B

We tie rope tightly on atop parts as impossible to undo.

We tie up rope and fix the house on. We tie up the rope after put holes eventually.

B. easy to undo C. tie up

We tie rope so that people can undo easily because they will fold this part in some cases like typhoon comes.

Joint things /

Compost and fieldPublic things and tentRecovery of minimum model house

There are many things people share. I will keep the house minimum by using joint things to advantage and making joint space.

public

fieldcompost

house

house

house

shadow after the disaster tent

The community is gone when there is no work.

tent

Shadow was the place to work and communicate.

Minimum housethe life fill out to outside

The community will be regenerateMinimum house

Minimum house

amplification

By making tent on the place where lost shadow, I will reproduce the space for work and communicate.

Putting tent near joint things offers residents joint space and it will be haunt. Moreover there is problems of rights so we will make light removable tent with rope. (I showed the plan for the tent to the residents and talked with administer about it actually. I knew the administer by sight because the village was highly socially connected. He told it is no problem if it is temporary one.)

Sewage and toilet above the sea is one of the source of water pollution. I am going to stop the water contamination by change it to composting toilet. The compost will be collected and use as manure in their field.

Public shower

Public shower

waterlaundry tent

play ground tenttavern

conpost

water

Public toiletconpost toilet

53

A week later from my return to Japan, I got a e-mail from the owner of the site.

We cleaned up with everyone!

I recalled she said that there is beautiful garden in here before the typhoon came, but now that softly when I was in Tacloban.

That is the result I succeeded to change their mind.

I cannot say like that.

However, I felt like something changed by the architect staying with local people in the site and building the houses.

Such a value of construction on the ground is important.

I am sure that small change makes small but also big changes.

4

Just before I was joining the Dept. of Design and Architecture, the Great East Japan Earthquake happened. After starting my new life at the university, I didn t know right end nor left end.However, I was wondering what I can do and was eager to join the Bamboo house project.Now I assure that this project is my central approach for the architecture.This project aimed to build an assembly house mainly made of natural bamboos, whose lifetime is short, doing repairs provides the locals and students chances to have good communications and live together under the house.

Living together / In history, Japanese architecture has put much value on repairing cultural buildings to maintain its constructions, structures and designs when they get old.Using advantage of architecture, the Japanese have been living to keep repairing.

Bamboo Ark

248.88

170.06

Smiles are born in Bamboo Ark

Shigaken Hikoneshi

Miyagiken Kesennumashi

The Great East Japan Earthquake happened at March, 11, 2011. The tsunami went over maximum 40m. Japanese government confirms 18,460 people were killed or went missing and 399,617 buildings were completely or half destroyed. At a peak period, the numerical value was reported that more than a four hundred thousand refugees, more than eight million bloke down household, and more than a million and half cut off water household. We decided to build a meeting place from local people s claim that they did not have even a place they hold meeting in Kesen-numa, Miyagi in summer when the disaster was attacked. We completed building the meeting place by only our unaided construction in September, 2011. I came to Kesen-numa every year to repair and hold small festival from that year. 5 years have passed since the earthquake happened. Recovery seems to be almost finished. However, in fact, long maintenance work had finished finally and the recovery begun at last. The students of the University of Shiga Prefecture have kept having relations with local people, visited to this spot, and have a relationship with the building and town. This architecture has been continued even by extending 4 years temporary term.

2011 3 11 40m 18,460 399,617 40 800 180 2011 9 5 4

type (on 01-axis)

A1 A1

A1 C1

A2 A2 A2

A2

A4 A3

A+ type (on 46-axis) B type (on 24-axis)

A1 A2 A1 A2A4

FB1

FB2

FT1

FT2

FB1

FB2

FT1

FT2

FB1

FB2

FT1

FT2

A1C1

A3

FT1: truss, D50, Ma-dake, FT2: post, D80, Ma-dakeFB1,FB2: foundation beam, D80 ~ 30, Mou-sou-chiku

A1,A2,A4: arch, D60 ~ 30, Mou-sou-chikuA3: D40, curved truss, Ma-dakeC1: 2-D80, column, Mou-sou-chiku

Immediately after the earthquake, building materials was insufficient. Bamboo grew and not lose to the Tunami. When we started the design, made our motto to make of material in this area and to build by ourself.

Bamboo structure/

4

Self build/ 48 main frames are assembled while laid on the ground. We erected the produced main frames in order.This process is to allow construction by ourself.

48

2011.3.11Tohoku earthquake2011.9 Bamboo House Constraction WS12011.10 Bamboo House Constraction WS2

2012.5 Make outside space/Spring festival2012.9 Repair WS/Summer festival2012.12 Repair WS/Winter festival

2013.5 Repair WS/Spring festival2013.9 Beach House Constraction WS2013.10 Repair WS/Autumn festival

2013.5 Repair WS/Spring festival

2014.5 Repair WS/Spring festival

2013.10 Repair WS/Autumn festival

2014.10 Repair WS/Autumn festival

2015.5 Repair WS/Spring festival2015.10 Major Repair/Autumn festival

Miyagiken Kesennumashi Motoyoshityo /

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Site

Cons

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rmiss

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SiteOn the day of the earthquake, 200 people of the region were gathered in order to escape from tsunami in this hill with a view of the sea .

200

Location : Kesennuma-city, Miyagi-prefectur

Principal use : Community center

Building area : 248.88 m

Total floor area : 170.06 m

Structure : Bamboo

N

s.1/150

Making space by bending bambooBuilding of the bamboo meeting place will do by only local people. Bamboo is easy to bend by human s power. Besides we can make big interval by arch effect by bending.

N

plan

Round bamboo drainboard floor lattice /

Roof with membrane matrix

roof plan

We will put round bamboo up like lattice and compose floor framing. This floor framing plays fundamental role that receives counterforce by arch frame. Besides it makes a large comfortable bench space where people can view the sea.

We are going to use membrane for cladding to make weight of building lighter. In addition, membrane pass sickly light and make velvety inside.

Successive inside space / Using about 6m bamboo is promising. We can get it in local region and it gives the building enough strength. It create integrated and big inside space by using spiral arrangement.

section

Mock up in University of Shiga Prefecture Mock up in the site (Miyagiken Kesennumashi Motoyoshityo)

Mock up / 2

We made mock up in university of Shiga Prefecture to check the strength and detail. After that, actually made two frames in the site, it was confirmed the appearance of the field.

arch, column

beam

arch

beam

arch

beam

Gaffer tape

Construction flow and details

1. FoundationThis building does not have rigid reinforced concrete foundation, instead it has spread foundation with metal insulating sandwich panels put on.

2. Making frames on the ground48 main frames are assembled while laid on the ground. The joint of bamboos is made by the joint method using special gaffer tape, rope, and partial cutting as mentioned above. Because Mou-sou-chiku, used for the main frames, is a material which has large deflection and irregularity, it is difficult to reproduce exactly the designed form. Therefore, the priority was given to the position of the top of each frame and the length of the arch faced outside than inside.

3. Erection of frames We erected the produced main frames in order, and fixed the neighboring foundation truss beams by using trusses of Ma-dake to prevent fall of the frames. Steel binding wire was used to bind those trusses. It was necessary to bind them strongly until some section of bamboo deforms a little to prevent the drifting in joint. At the same time, a lot of sand bags (the number reaches 600) were fixed to foundation truss beam, they resist blowing up wind load.

4. Panel flooringThe floor finishing inside the building, not interfering with arch or post, is metal insulating sandwich panels same as those used in the foundation. To adjust various bamboo deflection and construction error on upper side of the foundation beam and to keep the uniform level of flooring, we put stretching joists of Ma-dake on the foundation beam. Panels were nailed to joists directly with screws.

5. Bearing wall made of split bamboo To resist the peripheral tension of membrane, bearing walls were set up over four spans of arches at both the ends. The bearing walls were composed of split bamboos, which were about 90 mm diameter and divided into 6 pieces, woven like mesh pattern. They were fastened to the arch frame by steel thin binding wire and rope. At intersection points of bamboos in mesh pattern, split bamboos were cut to make wire binding easy, because the sliding between split bamboos leads to degradation of the strength of wall.

6. Roof (the left 2 photos in Fig. 9)The roof, which has lens-like form, is a structure made by combining upper and lower curved beams and trusses in both X and Y direction. At first, the roof was erected on the ground, and next dressed with finishing tarpaulin membrane, finally lifted up and brought on the top of erected main frames. The connection between bamboo members was made by using rope. In particular, large axial force works on truss and necessary strength against that is required, so that joint method proposed above using special gaffer tape and rope is applied.

7. Peripheral membrane (the right 2 photos in Fig. 9)The peripheral membrane was made of a large continuous fabric not divided, and was constructed like opening a curtain along the rail of rope put in near the tops of main frames. After fixing the top and bottom of the fabric to designed position, the middle part of fabric was fastened to main frames adjusting the location of the arches. The membrane becomes tensioned membrane and builds a whole structure with main frames.

8. Bamboo flooringThe floor of centre and outer periphery, where the arches and flooring scramble, and deck extending toward outside were finished by laying bamboos without a break. In this construction, Ma-dake which has small deviation in section form and straight body in its longitudinal direction was utilized.

/

1.

2. 48 48

3. 600

4.

5. 4 90 6

6. X Y

7.

8.

The bamboo meeting place completion

I shocked when I came to Kesen-numa for the first time in September, 2011.

I did not understand anything, but I thought desperately, work, and touched architecture for the first time.

The building was barely completed through 2 times workshops.

There is no idea for the architecture in my green mind when it finished.

I just felt that I completed something for the time being.

2011 9

2

For the maintenance workshop, we visit to Kesen-numa every long vacation.

I got a question how often is this building used? every time I went.

How does this architecture help reconstruction support although it have difficulty collecting people by locational consideration.

However, one day, a couple came to the bamboo meeting place, sat down on a bench, and viewed sea.

I could have understood why the bamboo meeting place stands here.

This architecture makes people closer to the sea, makes the place people can think about the sea, and relax people.

Though I wonder if I can do anything with designing and building through I learn architecture, I felt architecture is able to make feelings in

people s mind.

In summer in 2015, the bamboo meeting place became 4 years old that the limit of temporary works application. I started from freshman to first year graduate student and now I serve as a leader. We were fundamentally going to break it this year, but people hope to use it from now on because the recovery was not finished. Therefore we repaired it on a large scale and applied for 3 years extension of temporary works. The building gets damages and troubles every time we come. Yet it comes back to use by keep fixing every year. This situation looks like it lives. Architecture breathes by maker and user love it .

2015 4 1 1 4 3

Although conventional community center makes community with gathering people together, such a community is going to be composed of same people. I am going to design haunt by making space where people can come into easily and then the community will be came spontaneously in this community center. Then I consider what kind of place will be haunt in this environment around the Lake Biwa and fit in the town.It shows that building belongs to the global cycle.

The parasitized Building

to become part of the Earth / Approach of handling building as organic object helps to gain relative humidity, natural wind circulation, and get comfortable space for warmth.It shows that building belongs to the global cycle.

Past lakeshore line /

Places of people s own in Shiga /

Environmental concern /

Human s life in the nature that is surrounded Lake Biwa and mountains makes the characteristic of Shiga. Such life is often draw in Omihakkei. Such a scenery is very scene that people gather in Shiga.

( )

As a community centerPeople gather together and make community. (traditional situation)A community is came in the space people gather. By making place where people can be comfortably, we are going to bring people closer together.

Otsu have been becoming an urban area as the center of Shiga since old times. It makes inhabitant s life from Lake Biwa physically and also sensuously. It also pollute the environment around there. The landscape of this area was faded through such a change in environment.

Land improvement : strengthening the foundationdisappearance of place of microbe and redactordisappearance of water purification agency

Changing to urban area of dismaldisappearance of moving place for bird and fishdisappearance of place for creature

Reclamation of lakefrontregulation of change by stage swingdisappearance of place for creature

Regulation of change of stageChanging place for bird s life

site

Location : Nionohama Otsu Shiga

Principal use : Community center

Building area : 19021.35

Total floor area : 1534.15

Structure : wood / Concreat Gravel

A-A Time series section1/500A-A 1/500

Various things cycle from mountain to Lake Biwa.

Sectional change of lakeside of Lake Biwa / Community happens where people are.I am going to make a place of people s own only Shiga could by process following sectional steps.By making space smaller, I will get people closer in this plan.

Shallow water Water reed Land reed Forest around lakeWetland Village Mountain forest

Wetland

There is environmental change and severance of people with Lake Biwa causes reclaimed ground.


Regeneration of place for microbe by penetration of water and purification of water

1. rule of smashing reclaimed ground /

To make an adjustment the size of the concreat gravel protects the native species from exotic species.

This role is the same as the past of the stone wall and the rice fields.

70 85mm

120 150mm

50mm200mm


The place to feel near the lake biwa, Reproduction of fish habitat

2.Adjust the spread of the area of the plant /

To adjust the amount of light ,saize of concreat gravel and mix rate of soil gets plant growth under control .


Craftsman of masonry that activities Shiga Prefecture gain concreat gravel.Change of space by fluctuation of water level.

Size and ruality of space changes by fluctuation of water level in Lake Biwa. The space changes small so that distance of people will be close.


Vegetation is diverse by birds to move the mountains ,lake and other place.

( )

Size and ruality of space changes by fluctuation of water level in Lake Biwa. The space changes small so that distance of people will be close.

movement of vegetation /

Plant becomes diverse by birds moveing nest and dropping seeds.

Right of the table shows the movement of birds in Shiga Prefecture.Time series section is example showing the plant spread.

Season Representative speciesDeepwaters

Shallowwater

Waterreed

Landreed

Forest aroundlake

WetlandVillage

Mountain forest

Water bird a a.e a.e dAcrocephalus arundinaceus a.e a.e a aSparrow ShrikeaPheasant Crow a a a a.e a.e a.eHeron a a b b.c a b.eSwallow Carduelis sinicaSparrow a.c a.c a a.e a.eSwan Wild gooseGrebe b.c a.b.c a.b.d a.b.d d aReed bunting Rustic BuntingThrush a a.b a.b a.b a.b a.b.cSandpiperPlover a.b d d d a.bSmall birds a a.b a.b a.b.c a.b a.b.c

a:Foraging areasb:Rest areasc:Roost areasd:Hideout areas e:Nest areas

Breeding season

Winteringperiod

passageperiod


Shallow water

Land reed Zelkova Wetland

(g.Parasitic program by the flora and fauna2 / )

...

Sparrow ShrikeaPheasant Crow

Urban areaMountain forest

Nest

F e e d ( insect)Nest





Shallowwater

Waterreed

Landreed

Forest aroundlake

WetlandVillage

Mountain forest



Breeding season

Winteringperiod

passageperiod


Land reed Zelkova Polystichum Cyrtomium fortunei ... Wetland

...

Feed,Rest areas

(h.Parasitic program by the flora and fauna3 / 3)





Shallowwater

Waterreed

Landreed

Forest aroundlake

WetlandVillage

Mountain forest



Breeding season

Winteringperiod

passageperiod


Land reed Land reed Land reedZelkova Polystichum Cyrtomium fortunei ... Wetland

...

F e e d ( fi s h )Rest areas

F e e d ( i n s e c t )Rest areas

F e e d ( fi s h )Rest areas

(i.Parasitic program by the flora and fauna4 / 4)

According as plant grow up , it become to drivide off semi outside space.When plant grew up , that make people to be close.

Shallow water Water reed Land reed Land reed Land reedForest around lake Wetland Village Mountain forestWetland





Shallowwater

Waterreed

Landreed

Forest aroundlake

WetlandVillage

Mountain forest



Breeding season

Winteringperiod

passageperiod


cafe1

WC

WC

WC

-4500

-3600

-2700

-2700

-1800-900

0-4500

900

1800

2700

3600

1800

1800

900

0

900

0

2700

-3900-4200

A

A'site plan 1:1000

Tel : +81 80 6133 4624Mail: [email protected]

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