Dr Kulkarni Parag Umakant PG scholar Rasasastra

Govt. Ayurveda College Tripunithura

Introduction

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Athrvaveda

Ayurveda

Shoka-shatasahastra

Adhyaya-sahastra

Ashtanga

Rasasastra

?

Kaya

Bala

Graha

Urdhvanga

Shalya

Damshtra

Jara

Vrushana

Rasasastra is a supportive branch to Ashtanga Ayurveda which had developed in medieval period i.e. 8th / 9th Cent. A.D. and onwards.

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Rasasatra

Although the word Rasa literally means Mercury & Rasasastra is therefore translated as science of Mercury.

In other word we can define Rasasastra as it is essentially the science of inorganic pharmaceutical preparations of Ayurveda.

Rasasastra Pratipadya Vishaya

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Origin of Rasasastra

Dehavada

Dhatuvada

Chikitsavada

Dehavada

Parada was used for Jeevan mukti by Raseswar Darshana which was ultimate aim of Rasasastra.

When Parada undergoes different procedures like Ashtadasha samskara it becomes so much potent and known as

Mahushadha Haragauri Rasa

The Kramana samskara

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,

Dhatuvada

Due to use of Kramana samskara the new utility of Rasasastra was found by Rasa scholars, which was Dhatuvada.

In which Ashtadhasha samskarit Parada was being used to convert lower metals like Iorn to higher metals like Gold.

But during the course of time the main aim, Dehavada was totally replaced by Lohavada for Ayshwarya prapti & Dhana prapti.

Chikitsavada

During the Boudhakala Rasasastra was in its peak popularity.

In late Boudhakala priority of the Rasasastra was change from the Dhatuvada to the Chikitsavada.

So from that period Rasasastra was being used to strengthen the body and to cure various diseases.

Rasavidyaavtarana Mahadev

Parvati

Shivasuchara Nandi

Bhardvaja

Agstya

Pulastya

22 Shishyas of Pulastya

Dhanvantari

Development of Rasasastra In Satyayuga

Maharshi Bharadwaja brings Rasachikitsa on Martyaloka

In Tratayuga Shri Ramchandra, Bhairava, Ravana Spread it in south India

In Dvaparyuga Mahrshi Patanjalee, Matta, Mandavya, Vyadi, Bhimsena,

Mayadanava, Nakula Sahadeva, Shishupala, Tarasandha spreads it in western part of India

During Kaliyuga Boudha Bhagvan Spreads it. After Boudha Dharma Vaidya

Samaj spread it.

During the company govt, period the ancient literatures republished

Chronological Involution of Rasasastra

Vedic period

Atharva veda Kanda 2, sukta3, mantra 4-8

Loha, Trapu

Atharva veda Kanda1, sukta35

Hiranya dharana & its internal use

Atharva veda Kanda 7, sukta50

Parada

Chandogya upanishada (6-1to5)

Tikshanaloha used as medicine

Manu smriti For Jatkarma hiranya madhusarpi

For new born suvarna bhasma lehya

Vishnu Dhrmottar Puran Abhraka druti was explained

Markandeya Purana Rasa was used as medicine

Mahabharta Krutrim suvarna nirman vidhi was explained

Samhita period

1. Charaka samhita -

Charaka chikitsa 3/4

Manhashila, Haritala, Kasisa are used for external application for purpose of external application

Charaka chikitsa 1 (3 rasayanapada) 15-23

Lohadi rasyana for Rasayana karma

Charaka chikitsa 1 (3 rasayanapada) 48-65

Shilajatu Rasayana used as rasyana & vajikarna

Charaka chikitsa 4/79 Vaidurya, Mukta, Manibhasama, Garika, shhankha,

suvarna bhasma has used in Udka Kalpana for Raktapitta chikitsa.

Charaka chikitsa 7/70 Gandhaka, Parada & suvaranamakshika has used as

lepana in kushtha chikitsa.

Charaka chikitsa 13/73 In Kaphaja udara roga Ayaskruti

Charaka chikitsa 16 Different types of Loha, Tapya, Adrija, Raopya,

Makshika etc. has used in Varity of yogas for Panduchikitsa

Charaka chikitsa 17/125 to 128 Mukta, praval, vaidurya, shankha, sphatika, anjana,

Gandhaka has used in Shvasa vyadhi as Muktadya churna with madhu & sarpi.

Charaka chikitsa 23/239 Tamra used in garavisha for vamana & Suvarna with

madhu as vishagha yoga.

Charaka chikitsa 23/252 Vajra, Markata, Vishamushika, Vaidurya are used for

sarpadanshanivaran

Charaka chikitsa 26/152 Manhashila used as pradhaman nasya in kaphaja

pratishyaya

Charaka chikitsa 26/266 Manhashila, Hartal, Yavakshara, Saindhava, has

used in PitakCHuna to treat mukharoga

Charaka chikitsa 7/88 Trapu, Sisa, Loha, churna used in mandal kushtha

for external application

Charaka chikitsa 16 Different types of Loha, Tapya, Adrija, Roupya,

Makshika etc. are used in varity of yogas for Panduchikista.

Charaka chikitsa 13/73 In kaphaja udar raga ayaskruti is mentioned.

2. Sushruta samhita - Sushruta sutra 37/14

Trapvadi gana which includes all the metals and used as- Garakrimihara param

Sushruta chikitsa 9/60 Gandhaka is used in Mahavajrataila for kushta chikitsa

Sushruta chikitsa 10/11-12 Ayaskruti preparation is mentioned in Mahakustha

chikitsa internally

Sushruta chikitsa 25/29 Parade used externally in Ghruta from for kushta,

vaipadika

Sushruta kalpa 2/5 Fenashma was first time introduced in Ayurvediya

samhita.

3. Ashtanga Sangrha & Hrudaya

Ashtanga sangraha chikitsa 19/84 Siktha, Sindoor, Tutha, Tarkshya are used in taila

form for vicharchika.

Ashtanga sangraha chikitsa 30/13-14 Bhasma nirmana vidhi mentioned

Ashtanga sangraha chikitsa 30/18 For Lohamarana Bhanupaka vidhi introduced

Ashtanga sangraha uttarasthan 50/245 Shukravaradhanartha kalpa explained which

contain Parada, Gandhaka, and Shilajatu etc.

Vagbhatacharya introduced Andhamusha first time

Chanakyas period

At that time three types of Suvarana used Jatiroop (native) Rasavidha (from vedha of mercury) Akarodbhav (from ores)

In this period lohavidya is in its peak level of development.

Suvarna made from Rasa i.e. Parada is mentioned as Rasavidha.

For suvarna shodhana they used sisakam & for suvarna vikrutikaran they used Hingulam.

Varaha Mihiras period

Although he was the Acharya of Jyotishastra, he had the basic knowledge of Ayurveda and also of Rasasastra.

In his literature he explains all Dhatu, Ratna, Manhashila, Gairika etc.

He also made a shukravardhak kalpa which includes Parada, Makshika, Loha bhasma, Gandhaka, Shilajatu. This kalpa resembles with the shukra vardhaka yoga of Ashtanga Sangraha.

He again explains the payanavidhi of Shastra.

Development after 8th century

1. Nagarjunacharya. (8th century)

The Rasasastra mainly developed in 8th century by Rasasidha Nagarjuna. So he has known as first Acharya of Rasasastra. He learned this knowledge from Acharya Sarabha in Nalanda Vidyapitha.

He knows about Mayurividya and krutrim Suvarana nirmana from Parada, so he said that

2. Vyadi (9th century)

He is a one of the rasasidha acharya.

Literature Rasasidha Shastra, Dhatuvada Shastra

3. Acharya Gorakshanath (12th century)

He made the Khechari Gutika and suvarna nirmanartha gutika kalpa.

4. Rasa vagbhata (13th century)

He wrote a book on Rasashastra named as Ras Ratna Sammuchaya which has many Rasakalpa descriptions.

It is the best book of Rasasastra now days.

5. Acharya Nityanath (13th century)

He explained krutrim Manikya nirmana & Indranil nirmana in his book Rasaratnakara.

6. Acharya Sadanada Sharma (20th century)

Acharya wrote Rastrarangini which has some advance procedures of Raskalpa nirman vidhi. He mentioned some acids like sulphuric acid, sorakamla, Lavanamal, & also oxygen suvarnamandal, rajatmandal, suvarnalavan etc.

This book is very famous now days for Rasaushadhi Nirmana.