ingamba ku buringanire - undp...ya gatanu). izo mbaraga zose zashyizwe hamwe zabyaye umusaruro...

1

INGAMBA KU BURINGANIRE N’UBWUZUZANYE: PNUD RWANDA (2018-2021)

Ingamba ku buringanire

n’ubwuzuzanye: UNDP/PNUD

Rwanda (2019-2022)

© Alice Kayibanda

2


Incamake

Ikivugwaho

Nta muntu wakwihandagaza ngo atange igisobanuro kimwe ku magambo “uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye” no “kongerera abagore ubushobozi”. Ibisobanuro by’ayo magambo ndetse n’icyo yerekana mu buryo nyakuri bishobora guhindagurika bitewe n’ururimi rwakoreshejwe, umuco wa buri gihugu ndetse n’ibihe abantu baba barimo.

Ingamba zivugwa muri iyi nyandiko ni umurongo PNUD Rwanda yafashe ku bijyanye n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye no kongerera abagore ubushobozi. Ku bufatanye na Leta, abafatanyabikorwa mu gihugu, imiryanyo nyarwanda n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga ndetse n’abandi bantu batandukanye, Ubuyobozi bwa PNUD mu Rwanda bwiyemeje gukomeza gukora ibishoboka byose hagamijwe kugera ku ntego zibereye abagore n’abagabo b’Abanyarwanda.

Intego

Intego ya PNUD mu Rwanda itangirira ku kwemera ko abantu bose bareshya. Ibiro bya PNUD mu Rwanda byiyemeje gukomeza gushyiraho no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki na gahunda zafasha mu iterambere ry’Abanyarwanda bose harebwa neza kurushaho ko nta n’umwe watereranywe agasigara inyuma.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubuyobozi bwa PNUD mu Rwanda buzihatira kureba ko mu mishinga yose yayo igamije iterambere ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ryubahirijwe neza ku buryo ibibazo byihariye by’abari n’abategarugori, iby’abana b’abahungu n’abagabo byitabwaho neza kandi byasubijwe.

Imiterere y’iyi nyandiko Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kwandika iyi Raporo.

Iyi raporo ifite ibice bitandatu by’ingenzi. Igice cya mbere kivuga ku birebana n’uko igihugu cy’u Rwanda ndetse n’ishami rya PNUD mu Rwanda bihagaze mu bijyanye n’iterambere ry’abagore no kubongerera ubushobozi. Igice cya kabiri gikubiyemo intego enye zagaragaye ko zigomba kwibandwaho mu gushimangira ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye no kongerera abagore ubushobozi. Muri iki gice hasobanurwa n’imbogamizi zishobora kubangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’izo ntego ndetse n’ingamba zafasha twa kugabanya ubukana bw’ mu guhangana n’izo mbogamizi. Kuva ku gice cya gatatu kugeza ku cya gatandatu hasobanurwa neza buri ntego hakerekanwa n’ibyibanze tunerekana ibigomba gukorwa ku ikubitiro ndetse n’uburyo bigomba gukorwamo kugira ngo izo ntego zizagerweho neza.

Ibyifuzo

Iyi nyandiko ku ngamba zigomba gufatwa ikubiyemo ibyifuzo bikurikira:

1. Guharanira ko ubuyobozi bukuru bwa PNUD bumenya neza kandi bukiyemeza gushyira mu bikorwa izo ntego ndetse no gutuma izo ngamba zimenyekana mu bakozi bose ba PNUD mu gihugu, ari nako hashyirwaho uburyo bw’ikurikiranabikorwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu bikorwa bya buri munsi by’abakozi kimwe no muri gahunda zose za PNUD.

3


2. Kwifashisha ibiro bishinzwe isakazamakuru kugira ngo ibirebana n’izi ngamba bimenyekane, harimo no gutangaza izo ngamba ku rubuga rwa murandasi rwa PNUD Rwanda.

3. Gushyira iyi nyandiko y’izi ngamba mu Kinyarwanda no mu Gifaransa kugira ngo yifashishwe n’abakozi bose ndetse n’abandi baturarwanda babyifuza.

4. Gusaba abayobozi bose b’amashami gutegura inama, bakazigirana n’abakozi babo mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi iyi nyandiko isohotse kugira ngo baganire ku bintu bikurikira: (i) Uburyo intego zikubiyemo zakwinjizwa mu bikorwa byabo, (ii) uburyo hari imbogamizi zishobora kubangamira akazi bakora ndetse no (iii) ku buryo bahuza inshingano zabo n’ibikubiye muri izi ngamba bifite aho bihuriye n’imirimo yabo.

5. Gusuzuma buri mwaka harebwa aho buri shami rigeze rishyira izo ntego muri gahunda n’ibikorwa byaryo bya buri munsi. Kuganira ku habonetse imbaraga ibintu bikagenda neza, ahagaragaye intege nke ari nako harebwa icyakorwa ngo birusheho kujya mbere.

4


ISHAKIRO

Incamake ........................................................................................................................................................ 2

Ijambo ry’ibanze ............................................................................................................................................ 6

I. Intangiriro ................................................................................................................................................... 8

Uko ibintu bihagaze mu gihugu ................................................................................................................. 9

Uko byifashe mu biro bya PNUD mu Rwanda ......................................................................................... 12

II. Ingamba zafashwe ................................................................................................................................... 13

Intego z’uburinganire............................................................................................................................... 13

Imbogamizi n’ingamba zafashwe ............................................................................................................ 14

III. Intego ya 1: Gushyira uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo muri gahunda zose ........................... 16

Ingamba ................................................................................................................................................... 18

IV. Intego ya 2: Imbogamizi zituruka ku miterere y’inzego ........................................................................ 18

Ingamba ................................................................................................................................................... 20

V. Intego ya 3: Ibibazo bihuriweho .............................................................................................................. 21

Ingamba ................................................................................................................................................... 22

VI. Intego ya 4: abahungu n’abagabo .......................................................................................................... 23

Ingamba ................................................................................................................................................... 25

VII. Umwanzuro ........................................................................................................................................... 25

Ibisobanuro by’amagambo .......................................................................................................................... 26

Umugereka A ............................................................................................................................................... 28

Byandiswe na: Zara Raquel Albert, Impuguke yo mu rwego rwo hejuru Bisomwa kandi byemezwa na: Stephen Rodriques, Uhagarariye PNUD mu Rwanda Amafoto yafashwe na: Alice Kayibanda, Umukozi mu biro by’uhagarariye PNUD mu Rwanda Uburenganzira ku mwimerere w’iyi nyandiko: © ukuboza 2018 Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku iterambere PNUD

5


Ibiro byo mu Rwanda 4 KN 67 St, Kigali, Rwanda

6


Ijambo ry’ibanze

Basomyi dukunda, Turabashimira ku mwanya wanyu mufashe ngo mumenye neza muduhaye wo kwerekana ko mufite inyota yo kumva neza aho ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku iterambere PNUD rihagaze ku Ngamba zirebana n’Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye, no kongerera abagore ubushobozi ni bimwe mu bintu Umuryango w’Abibumbye ushyize imbere mu Rwanda ndetse no ku isi hose. Iyi nyandiko irasobanura uburyo twiyemeje kandi duharanira gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ihame ry’uburinganire ribe ari ryo rishingirwaho ibikorwa byacu byose mu gihugu mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu iri imbere. Nk’ikipe ishyize hamwe, twemera ko ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze ko buri mugore, buri mugabo, buri mukobwa na buri muhungu afatwa kimwe n’abandi bose agahabwa amahirwe angana n’ayabandi kugira ngo buri wese abashe kwerekana icyo ashoboye ku buryo bwose bushoboka, atange umusanzu mu iterambere ry’aho atuye ndetse no ku gihugu muri rusange. Tuzi neza ko iterambere ry’ igihugu cyangwa ry’akarere aka n’aka ryihuta cyane iyo ubushobozi abagore ndetse n’abagabo bafite babushyize hamwe ku buryo bungana. Ni muri urwo rwego navuga ko nterwa ishema cyane no kuyobora umuryango nka PNUD mu Rwanda wiyemeje kwihatira mu bikorwa byawo bya buri munsi kubahiriza intego y’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ndetse no gufasha abagore kwiyumvamo no gukoresha ubushobozi bafite nk’uko bisobanuye muri iyi nyandiko. Kuva aho duherukira gusohora indi nyandiko nk’iyi mu 2014, ibiro bya PNUD mu Rwanda byateje imbere ihame ry’ubwuzuzanye ndetse byageze kuri byinshi bifatika. Intego eshanu PNUD yari yihaye mu ngamba yari yafashe zafashije ibiro byacu mu Rwanda kumenya kumenya guhitamo ingamba zikwiye kwibandwaho mbere y’ibindi mu birebana n’intego mu kwimakaza uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye kandi byatumye n’akazi kacu ka buri munsi kanozwa kurushaho. Twashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu kongerera ubushobozi abakozi bacu kugira ngo bamenye kurushaho uko ihame ry’uburinganire ryahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu kazi kabo ka buri munsi (intego ya gatatu). Ibi bikaba byaratumye ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ryararushijeho kugaragara nk’inkingi ya mwamba mu mirimo yacu (Intego ya mbere). Twongereye ubushobozi mu gufasha ko ihame ry’ubwuzuzanye rishimangirwa (intego ya kabiri) kandi twashakishije tunashyira imbaraga ku bufatanye n’abandi bagamije gushyigikira ihame ry’ubwuzuzanye ndetse no kongerera abagore ubushobozi (intego ya kane). Icya nyuma mu byakozwe ni ukuba ibiro bya PNUD mu gihugu byarabashije gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufasha buri wese kuba yabazwa inshingano afite mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa no mu ikurikiranabikorwa rya gahunda zose zirebana n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye (Intego ya gatanu). Izo mbaraga zose zashyizwe hamwe zabyaye umusaruro watumye PNUD ishami ry’u Rwanda iba rimwe mu mashami atandatu ya PNUD yahawe Igihembo cy’Ishimwe cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru kiswe “GOLD Gender Seal Certification”. PNUD yo mu Rwanda ikaba yarakibonye muri 2017. Ushaka kumenya byinshi ku bikorwa byacu nyirizina ku birebana n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye, wabishakira kuri murandasi ku rubuga rwa PNUD Rwanda. Ibyo twagezeho mu rwego rw’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye no kongerera abagore ubushobozi tubikesha imbaraga z’uburyo butandukanye. Icya mbere, nta kintu na kimwe cyari gushoboka iyo tuba tudafite abakozi b’indashyikirwa hano mu Rwanda. Abo bakozi babashije kwitanga, bakora batizigama bagamije gutuma abandi bagira ubuzima bwiza. Ntabwo intambwe twateye mu guteza imbere uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye tuba twarayigezeho iyo abantu ku giti cyabo n’ubwitange bw’abayobozi n’abakozi butaza kubaho. Icya kabiri, turashimira by’umwihariko abafatanyabikorwa bacu baba abo mu gihugu ndetse n’abari hanze yacyo. Muri abo twavugamo inzego za Leta, abaterankunga, indi miryango ya Loni, abikorera, Imiryango ikorera ku nzego z’ibanze, ndetse n’abandi bose twagiye dukorana mu guteza imbere uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye. U Rwanda ubu ruyoboye isi mu birebana n’ishyirwamubikorwa ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye; ibyo dukora byose bikaba byarabashije gutanga umusaruro kubera ubushake bwa politiki, ubufatanye na Leta y’u Rwanda, abikorera n’imiryango idaharanira inyungu. Icya gatatu, turashimira cyane Abanyarwanda: ni mwe mwatumye tubasha kumenya igikwiye gukorwa ndetse ni mwe shingiro ryo kubaho kwacu. Mu mikorere yacu ya buri munsi, tuba twizeye ko hari umusanzu tuba turimo dutanga mu gutuma imibereho y’abatuye b’iki gihugu iba myiza kurushaho.

7


Abakobwa n’abagore batuye iyi si muri iki gihe baravuga bati “Igihe cy’ubusumbane n’ibijyana nabwo byose cyarararangiye”. Twese nka benemuntu, twese hamwe ndetse na buri wese ku giti cye twakagombye kwishyira hamwe tugashyigikira iyo ntero. Mu gusoza, ndifuza kongera gushyigikira ijambo ryavuzwe n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni aho yavuze ko iki ari cyo gihe ngo dushyigikire ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ndetse no kongerera ubushobozi abagore. PNUD mu Rwanda ifite intego yo kuba ku isonga ry’iyi gahunda.

Stephen Rodriques Uhagarariye Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Iterambere (PNUD) mu Rwanda

8


I. Intangiriro

Hashize igihe kinini uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye ari uburenganzira bwa

muntu, bukaba n’ingenzi mu iterambere

rirambye.

Guteza imbere uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

no kongerera abagore n’abakobwa

ubushobozi ni ingenzi mu nshingano za

PNUD kandi ntibishobora gutandukanywa na

gato n’ibikorwa byayo bigamije iterambere.

Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bufatwa nka

kimwe mu bigize intego z’iterambere kandi

nk’uburenganzira. Tugomba kuzirikana

ariko ko ubwuzuzanye bugendana n’ibintu

byinshi mu mibanire y’abantu muri rusange;

bityo ubwo bwuzuzanye bukaba bugomba

gutekerezwaho mu buryo bwagutse.

Amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye

ku burenganzira bwa muntu ashimangira

neza ko hari uburenganzira bwa muntu

budashobora kwamburwa uwo ari we wese.

Muri ubwo burenganzira twavuga

uburenganzira bwo

gufatwa kimwe hatitawe

ku gitsina. PNUD

Rwanda yemeza ko

igitsina umuntu avukana

nta kintu bigomba

guhindura ku

burenganzira n’ubwisanzure bwe.

Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ni ikintu

cyagiye gifatwa “nk’ikireba abagore gusa”.

Iyo witegereje neza ariko, usanga bureba

1 https://www.heforshe.org/en/node/78 2 Raporo y’isi igararaza imbogamizi mu buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye igaragaza aho ibihugu bigeze mu

ibitsina byombi ku gipimo kimwe.

Ubwuzuzanye bwa nyabwo ni ubufatanye

hagati y’abantu bose, aho usanga abahungu

n’abagabo babigiramo uruhare rugaragara

kugira ngo bubeho.

Uruhare rw’abahungu n’abagabo mu gutuma

uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bubaho

rugaragara cyane muri Gahunda

y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ushinzwe

Abagore, UNWomen, mu gikorwa cyabo bise

‘HeforShe’1. Perezida w’u Rwanda,

Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame ni umwe mu ba

perezida 10 batangije iki gikorwa ku isi yose.

Kuba u Rwanda rufite ubuyobozi bukomeye

kandi bwitangira iki gikorwa cy’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye byatumye ruzamuka cyane

mu bikorwa by’ubukungu, ibya politiki ndetse

no mu mibanire y’abantu.

Ubuyobozi ndetse n’abakozi ba PNUD

Rwanda biyemeje ku buryo budasubirwaho

kwimakaza umuco w’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye no gufasha u Rwanda mu

cyerekezo rwihaye cyo kubaka umuryango,

aho abagabo

n’abagore bahabwa

rugari mu kwerekana

icyo bashoboye kandi

bakagira uruhare mu

gukomeza ibikorwa

by’iterambere.

Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko biragaragaramo

gahunda y’imyaka 3 izafasha kugena

imikorere y’ibikorwa bya PNUD hashakwa

uburyo bwo kurimbura ivangura ryose

rishingiye ku 2

gitsina mu Rwanda.

gukuraho imbogamizi z’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye. Ni igipimo kigaragaza aho ibintu bigeze.

9


Uko ibintu bihagaze mu gihugu

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu

1994, u Rwanda rwigaragaje nk’igihugu

cyahindutse cyane muri Afurika. Rugendeye

kuri gahunda rwashyizeho nyuma ya

Jenoside ndetse n’amavugurura anyuranye

mu myaka 20 ishize, u Rwanda rwakoze

ibisa nk’ibitangaza mu birebana n’ubukungu

n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Muri ibyo

twavuga nko kuzamuka cyane ku buryo

burenze incuro eshatu amafaranga buri

muturage yinjiza (GDP); akaba yaravuye ku

madolari ya Amerika 206 mu 2002 akagera

kuri 729 muri 2016; twavugamo kandi

n’intambwe igaragara yatewe mu buzima,

uburezi, imibereho y’abaturage no bumwe

n’ubwiyunge.

U Rwanda rwabaye inkomarume ndetse

n’icyitegererezo iyo harebwe ukuntu

rwitangiye ibikorwa ndetse n’intambwe

yatewe mu birebana n’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye no gushyigikira ubushobozi

bw’abagore. Nta gushidikanya, u Rwanda ni

kimwe mu bihugu biri imbere ku isi mu

kubahiriza uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye.

Inama mpuzamahanga yigaga ku bukungu

bw’isi ‘World Economic Forum’ mu 2017

yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa kane mu

bihugu byavanyeho icyuho cyagaragaraga

hagati y’abagabo n’abagore, rukaza inyuma

ya Iceland, Finland, na Norway.3

Imbaraga n’ubwitange bukomeye bwa Leta

y’u Rwanda byatumye u Rwanda rugera kure

mu birebana n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

3http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_

2017.pdf

4 Urutonde rwose warusanga ku mugereka A.

no gushyigikira imbaraga z’umugore.

Abagore bafite umwanya ugaragara mu

nzego zifata ibyemezo, ibyo bikaba bituma u

Rwanda ruza imbere ku isi mu kugira

abagore benshi mu Nteko ishinga

amategeko (62% nyuma y’amatora yabaye

muri 2018).

Ubushake bwa Politiki u Rwanda rufite mu

guteza imbere ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye bigaragarira kandi mu kuba

rwariyemeje

gushyira

umukono ku

masezerano

13 mu

rwego

rw’akarere

no ku isi mu

birebana

n’ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye no

gushyigikira ubushobozi bw’abagore, ndetse

n’amasezerano n’amahame anyuranye mu

birebana n’amategeko. 4,5.

Mu burezi, abahungu n’abakobwa bitabira

uburezi ku kigero kimwe mu mashuri abanza

n’ayisumbuye aho usanga ku bakobwa ari ku

5 UNDAP Gender Mainstreaming Strategy 2018-

2023. (2018). United Nations Country Team –

Rwanda. [Internal Document].

“Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye muri

byose ntabwo ari impuhwe, ni

uburenganzira bwanyu. Ni uko

bigomba kugenda. Uburenganzira ku

buringanire ntawe ushobora

kubutanga cyangwa ngo abwambure

abandi -H.E. Paul Kagame

10


kigero cya 85% naho ku bahungu bikaba ari

ku kigero cya 84%.6

Mu by’ubukungu, uruhare rw’abagore mu

mirimo inyuranye ikorwa ruri ku kigero cya

86%, kikaba kiri mu bipimo byo hejuru cyane

ku isi. Ku birebana n’icyuho kandi

cyagaragaraga mu mishahara hagati

y’abagabo n’abagore, kiri ku kigero cyo hasi

cyane mu Rwanda ugereranije n’ibihugu

byateye imbere (amasenti 88 ku idolari 3).

Byongeye kandi, abagore benshi mu

Rwanda baracyahembwa igihe bagiye mu

kiruhuko cyo kubyara (amezi atatu nyuma yo

kubyara 3). Ibi bikaba ari ikintu kiza gituma

abagore bashobora kwitabira umurimo

batabangamiwe no kubyara.

Turetse ibi byavuzwe hejuru ndetse n’ibindi

byinshi u Rwanda rwateyemo imbere,

haracyagaragara muri iki gihugu ingorane

mu kugera ku ntego z’iterambere. Kuva mu

1971 kugeza ubu, u Rwanda ruracyabarirwa

mu bihugu 47 bikennye ku isi.7 Ibi rero

birasaba ko igihugu gishyira imbaraga

nyinshi mu guteza imbere ibintu binyuranye.

Muri ibyo twavugamo: kuzamura umusaruro

mbumbe w’abaturage, kugabanya impfu

z’abana n’ababyeyi, kongera ibiribwa,

kongera ubwitabire mu mashuri, kwigisha

abantu bakuze, kuzamura ubushobozi mu

bukungu, ndetse no kwita ku micungire

y’ibiza8.

Amakuru atangwa kandi yerekana ko ingo

ziyobowe n’abagore zifite ibibazo bikomeye

biterwa n’ubukene no kubura akazi ku kigero

6http://www.lmis.gov.rw/scripts/publication/re

ports/Fourth%20Rwanda%20Population%20an

d%20Housing%20Census_Gender.pdf

cyo hejuru ugereranyije n’iziyobowe

n’abagabo6. Gusa, bigaragara ko ingo zirimo

umubyeyi umwe, akenshi usanga ari

umugore, bityo bikaba bituma iki kigereranyo

kitakwizerwa cyane.

Nubwo icyizere cy’ubuzima gisa

n’icyazamutse ugereranije n’imyaka ishize

(aho gihagaze ku myaka 66,6 10),

biragaragara ko u Rwanda rukiri inyuma,

kuko impuzandengo ku isi ari imyaka (72) 11,

Kimwe no mu bindi bihugu, icyizere

cy’ubuzima ku mugore ni imyaka 68.4;

bikaba bigaragara ko biri hejuru ugereranije

n’abagabo aho ari (64.6)Error! Bookmark not defined..

Ku birebana no gusoma no kwandika,

abagore bari hasi ugereranije n’abagabo

kuko bari ku gipimo cya 65% naho abagabo

7https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_list.pdf 8https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC_Profile_Rwanda.pdf

Uyu ni umudugudu w’ikitegererezo wo muri Kabaya ya Ngororero –

wubakiwe imiryango 11 yahuye in’ibiza. © Alice Kayibanda

https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_list.pdfhttps://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_list.pdfhttps://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC_Profile_Rwanda.pdfhttps://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC_Profile_Rwanda.pdf

11


ari (72%6). Ibi nabyo ni imbogamizi ku bagore

n’abakobwa mu kubona amahirwe mu bintu

binyuranye nko kuba babona amafaranga,

kubasha kwishyiriraho ibikorwa bito

bibabyarira inyungu no kubicunga ndetse no

kugira uruhare mu gufata ibyemezo. Ikindi

kandi ni uko ubu busumbane mu kumenya

gusoma no kwandika hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo bituma abagore batabasha

kumenya n’amategeko anyuranye kandi

abarengera mu birebana n’ubwuzuzanye

n’uburinganire.

Abagore kandi usanga ari bo bagikora

imirimo myinshi mu ngo zabo ndetse no

kwita ku bana ifatwa nkaho nta kintu yinjiza.

Ibi na none bigaragara

no ku bagore babashije

no kwiga za kaminuza

bafite n’akazi

bahemberwa ahandi.9

Izi mvune zirimo ibice

bibiri zibangamira

abagore cyane

bakarangiza bibaza

niba bahitamo kugira umuryango cyangwa

akazi.

Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa

abari n’abagore riracyakorwa henshi cyane

kandi ugasanga rifatwa nk’ikintu gisanzwe;

nta nubwo ibyo bibazo bimenyeshwa

ababishinzwe. Bivugwa ko abakobwa 2 kuri

batanu (41.2%) bakorerwa ihohoterwa ku

mubiri mbere y’imyaka 1510—iryo hohoterwa

ahanini rigakorwa n’abahungu bo muri iyo

9Habimana, O. 2017. Gender differences in time

allocation: Evidence from Rwanda. Turin School

of Development Working Paper No. 8.

International Training Centre of the ILO, Turin,

Italy.

miryango cyangwa ba nyiri izo ngo

b’abagabo babo.

Ibi bibazo byose birebana n’ubusumbane

bigaragara nk’aho bituruka ku mibereho

karande yashyiraga umugabo imbere,

amategeko ubona atagendanye n’igihe aho

usanga uwabangamiwe atitabwaho uko

byakagombye. Abagore iyo ubagereranije

n’abagabo ubona batarahawe agaciro,

barambuwe ubushobozi bafite, ubona nta

kintu na kimwe bafite cyatuma babasha

kwihitiramo icyo bashatse mu buzima

bwabo. Uko kudahabwa ubushobozi

bungana usanga bibangamiye imibanire

y’abantu muri rusange, mu by’ubukungu na

politiki bityo

bikagabanya n’uruhare

rw’abagore muri ibyo

bintu ntibanabashe

kwiteza imbere, guteza

imbere imiryango yabo,

aho batuye ndetse

n’igihugu cyabo.

PNUD yemera neza ko uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye ari ingenzi kandi ari

uburenganzira. Ariko kandi na none ko ari

ikintu cyanabangamira ibindi bikorwa

by’iterambere. Twibuke kandi ko ikibazo

cy’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ari kimwe

mu bintu bitatu bifatwa nk’ibigomba

kuboneka mu nzego zose z’intego

z’iterambere zigaragara mu Cyerekezo

2020 u Rwanda rwihaye.11

10 http://www.rw.one.un.org/press-center/success-

story/partnership-end-gender-based-violence

11https://www.sida.se/globalassets/global/cou

ntries-and-regions/africa/rwanda/d402331a.pdf

“Abakunda amahoro bagomba kwiga kwitegura uko bikwiye nk’uko abakunda intambara babigenza”

-Martin Luther King Jr.

http://www.rw.one.un.org/press-center/success-story/partnership-end-gender-based-violencehttp://www.rw.one.un.org/press-center/success-story/partnership-end-gender-based-violence

12


Kubera iyi mpamvu, PNUD Rwanda

ishyigikira uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu

buryo bubiri. Icya mbere ni uko PNUD

ishyigikiye amategeko n’amabwiriza arebana

hagamijwe kongerera abagore ubushobozi.

Ikindi ni uko ibirebana n’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye bigomba gushyirwa muri

gahunda zose za PNUD.

Uko byifashe mu biro bya PNUD mu

Rwanda

Mu mwaka wa 2017, Ibiro bya PNUD mu

Rwanda byahawe igihembo cyiswe “Gold

Seal Certification” kubera akazi gakomeye

yakoze mu birebana n’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye no kongerera abagore

ubushobozi. Muri gahunda-ngamba ibiro

bya PNUD mu Rwanda byakoze, harimo

kongera imbaraga mu kazi karebana no

kwita ku buringanire. Muri iki gihe PNUD

Rwanda ni imwe mu zikorera mu bihugu

umunani 15 ku isi hose yabonye iryo shimwe.

Iki gihembo kirerekana ubumenyi abakozi

bayo bafite mu birebana n’ uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye, ubushobozi bafite bwo

gutuma ayo mahame asakara ahandi

babinyujije mu bikorwa no mu mishinga

inyuranye, ndetse no kuba bahora biteguye

kuba bafatanya n’abandi kugira ngo ayo

mahame yimakazwe kurushaho. Ibiro bya

PNUD mu Rwanda ubu birihatira kureba ko

byakora ibisabwa byose kugira ngo icyo

gihembo bakigumane banatanga serivisi

iboneye ari nako bafasha abafatanyabikorwa

ba PNUD mu guteza imbere ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye no

gushyikira ubushobozi bw’abagore.

Ku birebana n’uburinganire ku kazi mu biro

bya PNUD mu Rwanda, ibyo byarangije

kugerwaho mu bakozi bayo. Urebye uko

imiterere y’akazi yari iteye mu 2018, abagore

mu kazi bari 49% (26/53) ariko ku rwego

rw’inzego zo hejuru ari 50% (1/2). Ibi biikaba

bigaragaza ko ibintu byari byaranogejwe

neza ugereranije na 2017, aho abagore muri

PNUD mu Rwanda bari 47%. Ahakiri ikibazo

ni uburinganire mu bashoferi muri PNUD,

aho abagore ari 20% (1/5) gusa.

Kuba imibare ingana ku nzego zose ni ikintu

cy’ingenzi cyane muri PNUD. Ariko uretse

kubona ko abagore bagaragara muri iyo

mirimo gusa, ni ikintu cy’ingenzi ko abagore

bumva bisanzuye, bakavuga ibintu uko

babibona kandi na none ni byiza ko bategwa

amatwi. Abayobozi bakuru muri PNUD

Rwanda basabwa gufatanya n’abandi

bagasaba abagore ko batanga ibitekerezo

byabo kandi bagahabwa umwanya uboneye

mu nama zitegurwa.

Byongeye kandi, abayobozi bose bagomba

kwerekana mu mihigo yabo (PMDs) ya

2017/2018 ibyo bagezeho mu birebana

n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye, bagaragaza

uko binjije mu bikorwa byabo ibireba n’ayo

mahame. Abakozi bahabwa amahugurwa ku

kwimakaza ubwuzuzanye n’uburinganire

kandi bakamenyeshwa neza impamvu ibi ari

ingenzi. Hari abakozi bagomba gushyira mu

mihigo yabo ibyo bagomba kuzakora mu

birebana n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye.

Ariko bigomba kumvikana ko gucengerwa

n’aya mahame y’uburinganire bitumvikana

kimwe ku bakozi bose kuko bamwe

batabisobanukiwe neza. Ibiro bya PNUD

bisobanukiwe neza ko abakozi bagomba

kongererwa ubushobozi kuri uru rwego

kugira ngo babyumve byose uko byakabaye

noneho babafashe kubyinjiza neza mu kazi

kabo ka buri munsi.

13


II. Ingamba zafashwe

Ingamba za PNUD mu rwego

rw’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye (2018-2021)

zafashwe ku gihe kiboneye mu mateka. Iyo

witegereje imbogamizi zigenda ziza

zikabangamira abantu n’ubundi

batishoboye, ibyo byatumye hari gahunda

zagiye zivuka nka “MeToo”- nange-,

“TimesUp”- birangirire aha-, ndetse n’izi

gahunda zisa nazo 16, zose zerekana

ubushake bwa politiki ku gukemura ibibazo

bitsikamira abagore n’abakobwa no

kubongerera ubushobozi bavukijwe igihe

kinini.

Amatsinda anyuranye y’abagore hirya no

hino ku isi yarahagurutse arwanya ihohotera

rishingiye ku gitsina cyane cyane ibirebana

n’ukwibasirwa bitewe n’igitsina ufite

cyangwa gufatwa ku ngufu bikozwe

n’abagabo bagufiteho ubushobozi

butandukanye., 16

Ingamba za PNUD mu rwego

rw’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye (2018-2021)

ni igisubizo ku ntego ndetse no ku byifuzo

bikubiye muri gahunda-ngamba yavuzwe

haruguru. Ni igisubizo kandi ku ngingo ya 6,

‘Signature solution 6’, yerekana imbogamizi

z’ibanze zibangamira ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye.

Mbere ya byose izi ngamba zigamije gufasha

ibiro bya PNUD mu Rwanda gushaka

imbaraga n’icyerekezo gishya muri gahunda

zayo zirebana n’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda. PNUD Rwanda

yemera nta gushidikanya ko hagomba

kubaho uburinganire bw’abantu bose

nk’uburenganzira bw’ibanze. Bikumvikana

neza ko uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ari

bwo buryo gusa bwo kunoza uko abagabo

n’abagore; abakobwa n’abahungu

babayeho. Igishyizwe imbere mu mirimo

yacu ya buri munsi, ni uko tugomba guhora

twibuka ko dukorera abantu nyakuri, bafite

imiryango kandi bafite ikizere cy’ubuzima

ndetse biyumvamo agaciro baremanywe.

Mu rwego rwo gutekereza no gushyigikira

iterambere ry’ikiremwa muntu, iyi nyandiko

iratwereka intego enye (4) zirebana

n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye zikaba ari zo

zigomba kuranga ibikorwa by’iterambere

PNUD ikorera mu Rwanda.

Intego z’uburinganire

Izo ntego zatoranyijwe na PNUD mu Rwanda mu

rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbere

uburinganire hagati y’umugore n’umugabo:

Intego Intego ya PNUD mu Rwanda ni ukubona mbere ya byose ko uburinganire ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze kuri bose.

Ibiro bya PNUD mu Rwanda bizashyiraho gahunda zishyigikira iterambere ry’abanyarwanda bose harebwe neza kurushaho ko ntawe usigaye inyuma.

Mu mishinga yose igamije iterambere, ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye rizashimangirwa ku buryo ibibazo n’ubuzima byihariye by’abari n’abagore, iby’abana b’abahungu n’abagabo byitabwaho kandi bigakemuka.

14


Intego ya 1. Buri porogarame igomba

kubahuriza uburinganire hagati y’abagabo

n’abagore, kongerera ubushobozi abagore

batibagiwe porogarame zo guhangana

n’ibiza.

Intego ya 2. Gushyira imbaraga muri

gahunda zita ku mbogamizi zigaragarira mu

nzego hagamijwe kongererera abagore

ubushobozi mu bukungu.

Intego ya 3. Kuzamura imyumvire rusange

y’ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

bibanda cyane ku musaruro bitanga mu

nzwgo zitandukanye.

Intego ya 4. Gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu

gukangurira abagabo n’abahungu gushyigikira

ibikorwa n’ubuvugizi ku bwuzuzanye

n’uburinganire hitabwa cyane cyane ku kurwanya

ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

Imbogamizi n’ingamba zafashwe

PNUD mu Rwanda ibona ko hari inzitizi nyinshi

zishobora kubangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa

ry’ingamba zigamije guteza imbere uburinganire

n’intego twavuze haruguru. Izi mbogamizi

zikurikira zo zigomba kwitabwaho

by’umwihariko:

Imbogamizi 1a: Imbogamizi mu kumvikana

n’abafatanyabikorwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya

gahunda, aho bamwe nta bushobozi buhagije

bwo gukurikiza ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye mu mishanga bayobora cg

porogarame zabo.

Ingamba 1b: Guha ubufasha bwa tekiniki

abafatanyabikorwa bafite ingorane zo kubahiriza

ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu

mirimo bakora. Kuvugurura imikoranire n’inzego

zidateza imbere ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye mu bikorwa byabo.

Imbogamizi ya 2a: Intege nke mu gukusanya

amakuru ku ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye ku buryo buhoraho kandi

bukozwe bya kinyamuga.

Ingamba ya 2b: Gukora ku buryo abakozi n’ibigo

bishinzwe gukusanya amakuru ku ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bumva

inshingano zabo zo kubona amakuru yizewe.

byaba ngombwa, Iyo ayo makuru adahari, ni

byiza gutera inkunga icyo gikorwa cyo gukusanya

amakuru mashya cyangwa gukora ubuvugizi

kugira ngo abafatanyabikorwa bashyireho

uburyo n’ibikoresho byo gukusanya amakuru.

Imbogamizi ya 3a: Kuba hari bamwe mu bakozi

ba PNUD Rwanda batarumva neza bihagije

iyubahirizwa ry’ ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye, bituma imishinga yose

itubahiriza iryo hame ku buryo bumwe.

Ingamba ya 3b: Gutegura amahugurwa rimwe

cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka ku iyubahirizwa

ry’ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu

kigo no kureba umusaruro bitanga ku bakozi

bose ba PNUD.

Imbogamizi ya 4a: Ubushobozi buke butuma

hadashyirwaho umukozi ushinzwe iyubahirizwa

Umudugudu wa Rwinkuba: Wubatswe mu 2016 na REMA ku nkunga ya PNUD mu kubungabunga ibidukikije n’iterambere ritangiza ibidukikije © Alice Kayibanda

15


ry’uburinganire mu bakozi (impuguke mu

buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye)12 cyangwa

hadategurwa amahugurwa ku buringanire

n’ubwuzuzanye.

Ingamba ya 4b: Kureba uburyo budahenze

bwakoreshwa mu kongera ubumenyi. Guha

abakozi amahugurwa hifashishijwe

imfashanyigisho zisanzwe zihari. Guha

amahugurwa umukozi umwe cyangwa babiri

kugira ngo bashingwe by’umwihariko

uburinganire n’ubuwuzuzanye ku kazi.

Kubishinga by’umwihariko abimenyereza

umwuga bize ibijyanye no gusesengura

iyubahirizwa ry’ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye.

Imbogamizi ya 5a: Kubura amafaranga

bishobora kubangamira ishakishwa n’itangazwa

ry’amakuru ku bikorwa bya PNUD mu Rwanda ku

iyubahirizwa ry’ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye.

Ingamba ya 5b: Implement a policy whereby

each unit is responsible for working with the

Politiki yo gushyira mu bikorwa ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye aho buri

gashami gakorana n’abashinzwe itumanaho

kugira ngo bakore inkuru n’ubundi butumwa

buvuga ku byagezweho mu kubahiriza iryo

hame.

Imbogamizi ya 6a: PNUD Rwada ifite gahunda

nkeya zibanda ku ruhare n’inshingano

by’umugabo mu guteza imbere uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye.

Ingamba ya 6b: Mu bikorwa byose bijyanye

n’ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

bagomba kwibanda ku kamaro k’ibikorwa

12As of now, the office relies on Junior Professional Consultants under the UNDP/UNAC partnership.

n’abagabo bigira ku ihame ry’uburinganire ku

bagore. Kongera ubukangurambaga bugaragaza

ko kudaha umugore ubushobozi bimusubiza hasi

kandi bikamubuza kureshya n’umugabo.

Kurushaho gusobanurira abagabo ko hari

amabwiriza amwe n’amwe ashobora

gutsikamira abagabo. Gushyigikira

ubukangurambaga bw’ishami ry’umuryango

w’abibumbye ryita ku bagore bwiswe “HeforSh”

Imbogamizi ya 7a: Ubumenyi butangwa

n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku

bagore ntibukoreshwa uko bikwiye kandi ubona

n’imikoranire n’utundi dushami twa PNUD mu

bijyanye n’uburinganire hagati y’umugore

n’umugabo idahagije

Ingamba ya 7b: Kongera kuzamura imikoranire

iri hagati ya PNUD n’ishami ry’umuryango

w’abibumbye ryita ku bagore. Gutumira imboni

y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumye ryita ku

bagore n’uhagarariye buri gashami mu nama ku

ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye muri

PNUD. Gushyiraho uburyo bushya

bw’imikoranire hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa.

Imbogamizi ya 8a: Nubwo hari byinshi

byagezweho mu buringanire bw’ibitsina byombi

muri PNUD Rwanda, bishoboka ko haba hakiri

inzitizi mu ku bijyanye n’uko abagore bagira

Intego ya 1

Gukora ku buryo gahunda zose zubahiriza uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ndetse zikanongerera ubushobozi abagore , harimo na gahunda zirebana n’imicungire y’ibiza bikomoka ku bidukikije no kubishakira ibisubizo.

16


uruhare ku buryo bungana n’ubw’abagabo mu

kazi.

Ingamba 8b: Gushishikariza abakozi n’ubuyobozi

bukuru (abagabo n’abagore) kuganira ku nzitizi

mu kugira uruhare rungana hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo no gushakira hamwe ibisubizo.

III. Intego ya 1: Gushyira uburinganire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo muri gahunda zose

Mu rwego rwo gushyira uburinganire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo ku buryo busesuye mu kazi ka

PNUD ndetse no kugera ku ntego zisobanuye mu

ngamba z’ikigo, gushyira uburinganire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo muri gahunda zose bigomba

gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku rwego rwa buri gahunda.

Gahunda zishyira mu bikorwa neza uburinganire

hagati y’abagabo n’abagore ziha agaciro,

zigakurikirana kandi zigakusanya amakuru ku bibazo

bifitanye isano n’uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo muri iryo shyirwa mu bikorwa.

Ikindi kiyongera ku bwiyemeze bwa PNUD mu

Rwanda mu gushyira uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo muri gahunda zose, ni uko intego ya mbere

igaragaza akamaro ko kongera ingufu mu kwita kuri

gahunda zita ku micungire y'ibidukikije no kubonera

ibisubizo ibiza bikomoka ku bidukikije. Igisubizo cya 6

kigaragaza akamaro ko kunoza ingamba zifitanye

isano n’uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

igihe hari ibibazo. Kongera ingufu mu guhangana

n’ibibazo byagaragaye nk'imwe mu ngamba yo

gushakira ibisubizo ibibazo by'ingenzi byavuzwe

haruguru.

17


Hashingiwe ku nyandiko ya gahunda ya PNUD

mu Rwanda, 19 u Rwanda rushobora kwibasirwa

cyane n’ibiza bituruka ku bidukikije. Muri byo

harimo inkangu, imyuzure n’inkuba mu bice

by’Uburengerazuba hamwe n’izuba ryinshi mu

bice by’uburasirazuba. Mu rwego rw’imicungire

y’ibiza bituruka ku bidukikije, ni ngombwa

gushakira umuti ibibazo byihariye by’abagore.

Mu gihe k’ibiza, abagore bahura n’ibibazo byinshi

bitewe n’ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano n’igitsina

cy’umuntu.13,14 Icya mbere ni uko ihohoterwa

rishingiye ku kubabaza umubiri no ku gitsina ryibasira

abagore cyane mu gihe cy'amakimbirane n'ibiza.

Ikindi ni uko abagore hari ibindi bakenera harimo

n’imiti, ibyerekeranye no kujya mu mihango, gutwita

cyangwa konsa. Icya gatatu ni uko abagore ari bo

muri rusange bita mbere na mbere ku bana bato,

urubyiruko, abasaza n’abakecuru hamwe n’abafite

ubumuga, bityo ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhunga

ikiza vuba bukagabanuka. Icya kane ni uko

imibereho y’abagore ishobora gutuma

13http://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/why-engaging-women-and-children-disaster-risk-management-matters-and-how-it-makes-difference

batamenya ikiza cyugarije cyangwa ntitume

bafata icyemezo cyo guhunga.

14https://www.ifrc.org/Global/Documents/Secretariat/201511/1297700_GBV_in_Disasters_EN_LR2.pdf

Hillside Hope Abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bahura n’inzitizi zitandukanye mu buzima bitewe n’uko ubwo bumuga bufatwa muri sosiyete ugasanga abantu batitabwaho hashingiwe ku miterere yabo. Izo nzitizi harimo kudahabwa uburezi, akazi n’ibindi nko gutura no kurya. Muri Kamena 2017, Hillside Hope na PNUD Rwanda basinye amasezerano y’inkunga ya Blessing igenewe abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Iyo nkunga yari igenewe guhugura abarima kugira ngo abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona badasigazwa inyuma. BSVI ifite abanyeshuri 16, abarimu 3 n’umuntu umwe wita ku banyeshuri. Iryo shuri rigamije guha ubushobozi abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona binyuze mu kubigisha. Ibyi bigamije gufasha abo banyeshuri kugira ubushobozi bwo kwibeshaho mu buzima kandi ntihagire usigara inyuma mu iterambere rirambye.

Wari uziko… Itandukaniro ry’imiterere y’umubiri hamwe

n’amahame y’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo bishobora

gutuma bamwe barokoka cyangwa

ntibarokoke mu gihe k’ibiza.

Abagore bishwe na tsunami yabaye muri 2004 bari bakubye inshuro enye abagabo muri Indoneziya, Sri Lanka, n’Ubuhindi. Ibi byatewe ahanini n’uko abagore bashishikazwaga no kwita ku bari bafite ibibazo kurusha abandi, n’uko abagabo bari barigishijwe koga no kurira ibiti bakiri bato, mu gihe abagore batabyigishijwe.

18


Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko abagabo bahawe

akato bahura n’ibibazo byinshi mu gihe k’ibiza.

Nk’urugero, abagabo bafite ubumuga bwo mu

mutwe n’ubw’ingingo cyangwa abahungu bato

bashobora guhura n’ingorane nyinshi mu gihe

k’ibiza bituruka ku bidukikije. Ikindi ni uko

Abanyarwanda b’abakene n’ababa mu cyaro

bashobora guhura n’ibibazo byinshi. 22 Ku bw’iyo

mpamvu, gahunda n’ibikorwa by’imicungire

y’ibiza bigomba kubitaho.

Ingamba

Mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego zigize intego

rusange, ibiro byo mu gihugu bigomba gukora

ibikorwa bikurikira bifitanye isano na gahunda:

1. Gukomeza kugenzura ko ibibazo bigaragara

byerekeye uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

bijyanye n’ibisabwa n’amahame ariho mu

byerekeye uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye.

2. Kugena ingengo y’imari ihagije mu gutegura,

gushyira mu bikorwa no kubika amakuru

ajyanye n’ibikorwa byerekeye uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye.

3. Kongera ubukangurambaga ku kamaro ko

gukusanya amakuru hashingiwe ku

kugaragaza abagore n’abagabo no gushyira

mu bice ibipimo bihari.

4. Gutegura gahunda zibanda ku bibazo

bitandukanye bifite aho bihurira n’ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye (nk’urugero

abana b’abakobwa cyangwa abagore bafite

ubumuga).

5. Kongera imbaraga mu gushyira mu bikorwa

gahunda zigaragaza uruhare rw’abahungu

n’abagabo mu bikorwa by’uburinganire

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo.

6. Gutanga amahugurwa ahagije avuga ku

ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ku

bayobozi ba za gahunda.

7. Kongerera imbaraga imboni z’iyubahirizwa

ry’ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

kugira ngo barusheho gukorana umuhate

n’imbaraga

8. Kongerera ingufu mu bya tekiniki abakozi bo

mu gihugu kugira ngo bashobore gusuzuma

ingorane zishobora kubaho no gushyiraho

gahunda ihamye yo guhangana n’ibiza

bishobora kubaho n’ubutabazi bushingiye ku

ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo.

9. Kurushaho kugira amakuru y’iteganyagihe

yuzuye kandi abonekera igihe.

10. Kongerera ingufu ishyirwa mu bikorwa

ry’amabwiriza yerekeye ibidukikije no

kurushaho kwita ku bibazo byerekeye

ibidukikije mu nzego z’ubukungu.

Mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego ya mbere,

gahunda zose z’ibiro byo mu gihugu zizakora ku

buryo zishyira muri gahunda zose ibibazo

by’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo mu buryo bukwiye, bita ku

buryo bw’umwihariko ku micungire y’ibiza

bituruka ku bidukikije.

IV. Intego ya 2: Imbogamizi zituruka ku

miterere y’inzego

Intego ya 2 yibanda ku ruhare rwa PNUD

nk’umufatanyabikorwa uteganya hakiri kare

impinduka nziza atari umuryango wibanda ku

gufasha mu bihe by’ibiza. Muri uko gufata

inshingano yo guteganya, ibiro bya PNUD mu

Rwanda bifite amahirwe yo kuba byashyiraho

ubundi buryo bwo gutekereza ku bibazo bihari

no kubishakira umuti.

Zimwe mu ngamba zafashwe n’uyu muryango

ziri ku rutonde rugaragaraho igisubizo nimero 6

kiriho umukono cyemejwe nk’imbaraga

Intego ya 2

Gushyira ingufu muri gahunda zishakira ibisubizo imbogamizi zituruka ku miterere

y’inzego zibangamira ubushobozi, mu by’ubukungu ku bagore.

19


zizafasha kubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo. Mu gisubizo cya 6

cyemejwe, hitawe ku ivanwaho ry’imbogamizi

zituruka ku miterere y’inzego zituma abagore

batagera ku kigero cyo hejuru cy’ubukungu

gishoboka. Ikindi ni uko inyandiko ya gahunda

y’igihugu ivuga ko PNUD yita by’umwihariko ku

ngamba z’umurimo ukorwa n’abagore. Icya

nyuma ni uko kongera amahirwe ubukungu

bw’abagore ari imwe mu ntego eshatu

zisobanurwa na Perezida Kagame mu

bukangurambaga bwiswe «He for She».23

Hari imbogamizi zitandukanye zituruka ku

miterere y’inzego zibangamira iterambere

ry’abagore mu bukungu. Ingamba zerekeye

politiki n’amategeko ndetse n’imikorere mu bigo

no muri sosiyete zishobora kugira uruhare mu

gukomeza kwimakaza ubusumbane mu bukungu

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo. PNUD Rwanda yita

ku mbogamizi zibangamira cyane iterambere

ry’abagore mu bukungu: kuba abagore bakiri

bake mu mirimo itandukanye kandi

n’umushahara no kudafatwa kimwe mu

mushara.

Hari ibintu by’ingenzi byinshi bigomba

kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kuganira ku mbogamizi

zituruka ku miterere y’inzego mu kongerera

ubushobozi abagore mu bukungu. Icya mbere ni

uko mu Rwanda umubare w’abagore badafite

akazi uri hejuru (17.5%) ugereranyije

n’uw’abagabo (16.1%).

Icya kabiri ni uko ihezwa mu mirimo imwe

n’imwe riri hejuru mu Rwanda, aho igice kinini

cy’abagore gikora mu buhinzi mu gihe abagabo

bari cyane mu nzego z’inganda n’indi mirimo. 24

Ikindi ni uko ishami rishinzwe imiyoborere muri

PNUD rivuga ko umubare w’abagore badafite

akazi kazwi n’urwego rw’umurimo uyingayinga

inshuro ebyiri ugereranyije n’abagabo.

N’iyo kandi abagore babonye akazi kemewe

n’amategeko, bahembwa amafaranga make

ugereranyije n’abagabo kandi akazi bakora ari

kamwe. Iki kibazo cy’imihembere itandukanye

ku bagabo n’abagore mu Rwanda kiri ku rwego

rwo hejuru ugereranyije n’ikigereranyo cyo ku

rwego rw’isi, aho ari 27% (ugereranyije na 23%).

Ibi bisobanura ko abagore bakora mu Rwanda

babona ikigereranyo cya 27% munsi y’icyo

abagabo babona (ibice 73 ku ijana kuri buri

dolari).

Imbogamizi zituruka ku muco n’amategeko na zo

zatumye inguzanyo abagore bahabwa

n’amabanki ndetse n’ibigo by’imari iciriritse

zigabanuka, bikanatuma n’ubundi buryo

bwabinjiriza amafaranga na bwo buba buke. Izi

mbogamizi zituma abagore bakomeza gukora

imirimo gakondo ndetse zigatuma bakomeza

kuba imbata y’ubukene no gutungwa n’abandi. 25

Hashingiwe kuri izo mpamvu, PNUD Rwanda

igamije guteza imbere amahirwe y'ubukungu ku

Banyarwanda bose, yita cyane ku kongera

amahirwe y’ibyinjiriza abantu amafaranga no ku

guhanga imirimo ku bagabo n’abagore, ndetse

no ku guteza imbere uburinganire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo haba aho bakorera

n’uburyo akazi gakorwamo.

Muri iki gihe PNUD Rwanda itera inkunga

gahunda ebyiri z’ingenzi zitanga amahirwe

menshi yo kongera uburyo bwo guhanga

imirimo, kongera amafaranga umuntu yinjiza no

gushyiraho uburyo bumwe akazi gakorwamo ku

bagore n’abagabo. Izo gahunda zijyanye n’ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye rigomba

gushyigikirwa no mu rwego rw’abikorera ndetse

no mu bikorwa byose by’urubyiruko rwibumbiye

muri “Youth Connekt initiative”.

20


Igikorwa cyo kwimakaza amahame y’uburinganire mu nzego z’imirimo bise “The Gender Equality Seal” cyatangijwe mu Rwanda mu Ugushyingo 2017.

Abafatanyabikorwa bari Amashami y’umuryango

w’abibumbye yibumbiye hamwe ONE UN, PNUD na

UNWOMEN, bafatanyije Urwego rw’Igihugu Rushinzwe

Kugenzura Iyubahirizwa ry’Uburinganire n’Ubwuzuzanye

bw’Abagabo n’Abagore mu Iterambere ry’Igihugu (GMO)

hamwe n’Urugaga rw’Abikorera (PSF). Iki gikorwa kibanda

ku bintu bitandatu by’ingenzi mu guca ubusumbane hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo mu bigo by’umurimo: (1) guca

ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, (2)

kwita ku kazi no ku buzima nyuma yako, (3) kugabanya

ivangura ry’imirimo hashingiwe ku gitsina, (4) guca burundu

ihozwa ku nkeke rishingiye ku gitsina, (5) kongera uruhare

rw’abari n’abategarugori mu nzego zifata ibyemezo na (6) gukoresha ihererekanyamakuru kuri bose kandi ridatesha

agaciro abari n’abategarugori.

Muri uyu mwaka, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda

y’amahame y’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo ryashyizwemo ingufu. Ikindi ni uko

uretse ibigo by’abikorera 36 byagaragaje ko bishyigikiye

gahunda yo gukurikira amahame y’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo mu bigo

byigenga, ibigo byinshi bya Leta byemeye kugira uruhare

mu kwimakaza ihame ry’uburinganire mu nzego

z’umurimo, ku buryo bw’umwihariko Urwego rw’Igihugu

rw’Iterambere (RDB) na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu. Minisiteri

y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Ministeri y’uburinganire

n’Iterambere ry’umuryango na Minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta

n’umurimo nazo zifite uruhare muri iyi gahunda.

Muri 2012, PNUD yatangije amahugurwa yo guhuza

urubyiruko (Youth Connekt Boot camp) nk’imwe muri

gahunda zayo zo kongerera ubushobozi urubyiruko

n’abagore. Amahugurwa agamije gufasha ba

rwiyemezamirimo b’urubyiruko kongera amahirwe yo

kubona ubushobozi mu bijyanye n’imari n’amahugurwa mu

byerekeye ubucuruzi kugira ngo batangize cyangwa bagure

ibikorwa byabo by’ubucuruzi no kugira ngo bahange

imirimo mishya. Kugeza ubu, ba rwiyemezamirimo

b’urubyiruko 630 barahuguwe. Mu myaka itandatu ishize,

aba ba rwiyemezamirimo bahanze imirimo igera ku 8309

y’igihe gito n’ihoraho.

Rwanda National Police © Alice Kayibanda ku

PNUD irategenya kongera ahakorerwa amahugurwa

hagamijwe guhangira urubyiruko imirimo igera ku 2500buri

mwaka.

Hashingiwe kuri gahunda yo kwimakaza amahame

y’uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo ku kazi,

umushinga wo guteza imbere amahame y’uburinganire mu

nzego z’abikorera n’igikorwa cy'amahugurwa yo guhuza

urubyiruko byatumye habaho ubufatanye hagati ya PNUD,

andi mashami y’umuryango w’abibumbye, hamwe n’abandi

n’abafatanyabikorwa bo mu gihugu.

Duhereye ku byakozwe muri ibi bikorwa byombi,

twakuramo amasomo menshi ku kazi kari imbere mu

kongerera ubushobozi abagore mu byerekeye ubukungu

mu Rwanda.

Ingamba

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imbogamizi zishingiye ku miterere

y’inzego z’imirimo hagamijwe gutuma abagore bafatwa neza kandi

mu buryo bumwe n’abagabo mu mirimo bakora, PNUD Rwanda

yiyemeje gushyira imbere ibi bikurikira:

1. Kongera umubare w’abagore bitabira gahunda

zagenewe kongerera ubushobozi abagore mu

byerekeye ubukungu.

2. Guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga akazi (ni

ukuvuga guhabwa amahirwe angana mu kazi)

hagamijwe kongera umubare w’abagore bakora no

kugabanya ihezwa mu kazi.

3. Gukurikirana umusaruro uva muri gahunda za

PNUD n’ibikorwa byo gutanga akazi no guteza

imbere abakobwa n’abagore ndetse no kunoza

’uburyo bakoramo akazi (ni ukuvuga amakuru

agaragaza umubare w’abagore n’uw’abagabo).

4. Gutegura amahugurwa ku ihame ry’uburinganire

hagati y'abagore n’abagabo agenewe

abafatanyabikorwa bashyira mu bikorwa za

gahunda, ku bagenerwabikorwa n’abandi

hagamijwe kugaragaza ibibazo biterwa no kuba

hari imirimo iharirwa abagore indi igaharirwa

abagabo n’ibibatandukanya bidafite ishingiro.

21


5. Kumenyekanisha ibikorwa na gahunda za PNUD

mu duce duherereyemo abagore bakiri bato.

Kwigisha abagenerwabikorwa akamaro ko kongera

ubwitabire bw’abagore n’abakobwa.

6. Gushakira ibisubizo imbogamizi zituma abagore

n’abakobwa batitabira ibikorwa na gahunda

bigamije kubongerera amahirwe mu byerekeye

ubukungu.

o Urugero: gushyiraho ibikoresho

nkangurambaga byakwerekwa ababyeyi

babo bigaragaza akamaro ko kongerera

abagore ubushobozi mu by’ubukungu.

o Nk’urugero kwemerera abagore kuzana

impinja n’abana babo bato mu

mahugurwa.

• Kugeza intego y’uburinganire hagati y'abagore

n’abagabo ku bantu bashobora gukora havugwa ku

bibazo bitandukanye bihuriweho n'abagore n'abagabo.

Ni ukuvuga kwita ku bibazo byihariye by’abagore

n’abagabo bafite amateka atandukanye banafite

amahirwe n’imbogamizi bitandukanye.

o Gukora amahugurwa ku byiza byo gukoresha

ubudasa hagati y’abagore n’abagabo,

harimo n’abantu bakiri bato, abakuze,

abafite ubumuga n’ibindi byiciro.

• Kongera ubufatanye no guhanahana ubumenyi hagati

ya PNUD n’andi mashami y’umuryango w’abibumbye,

by’umwihariko n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye

ryita ku bagore (UN Women) na UNFPA.

Mu rwego rwo kwita ku kongerera abagore ubushobozi mu

bijyanye n'ubukungu, PNUD Rwanda igamije kongera ibikorwa

bigamije kuvanaho inzitizi zituruka ku miterere y’inzego.

V. Intego ya 3: Ibibazo bihuriweho

Guteza imbere iterambere kuri bose ni igice cy’ingenzi mu

nshingano za PNUD. Ariko kugera ku iterambere ridaheza

bisaba kumva urusobe rw’amasano atandukanye ari hagati

y’uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo hamwe n’ibindi

byitabwaho mu mibereho myiza no mu bukungu. Ku

bw’ibyo, intego ya 3 y’iyi ngamba iteza imbere uburyo

bushingiye ku bibazo bihuriweho hagamijwe uburinganire

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo.

Muri make, uruhurirane rw’ibintu bitandukanye ni

ibitekerezo biikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibihuriweho

bitandukanye biranga umuntu mu mibereho ye. Mu bibazo

bihuriweho hazirikanwa ko tudashobora kwiga ku bibazo

byerekeye uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

bitagendeye hamwe n’ibibazo byerekeye ubwoko,

ubumuga, imyemerere, kuba umuntu yiyumva nk’umugore

cyangwa umugabo n’ibindi kubera ko tubona

ibituranga byose bitandukanye bituranga

icyarimwe. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, kumva ku buryo

bwuzuye ubusumbane hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

bizita ku ngaruka zitandukanye z’ibintu bituranga

duhuriyeho atari igitsina gusa.

Ikindi cy’ingenzi ni uko umuntu agomba kumva

ko ubusumbane hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

atari ikibazo cyigwa gitandukanyijwe n’ubundi

bwoko bw’ubusumbane. Ahubwo ubusumbane

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo bufitanye isano

Intego ya 3

Kongera ubushobozi bwo kumva ku buryo bwuzuye uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo bwita ku ngaruka no ku kamaro k’icyiciro cy’ibibazo bihuriweho.

Isuzuma ry’ibintu bihuriweho ku mibare y’abazi gusoma no kwandika

Isuzuma ry’uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo hashingiwe ku

mibare y’abazi gusoma no kwandika mu Rwanda rigaragaza ko

hashobora kuba hari abagore benshi batazi gusoma no kwandika

ugereranyije n’abagabo (65% ku bagore bazi gusoma, 72% ku bagabo).

Isuzuma ry’ibintu bihuriweho ku mibare y’abazi gusoma no kwandika

mu Rwanda rishobora kugereranya umubare w’abagore

n’uw’abagabo bazi gusoma no kwandika mu cyaro ndetse n’umubare

w’abagabo n’uw’abagore bazi gusoma batuye mu migi. Iryo suzuma

ryagaragaje ko igipimo cy’abazi gusoma no kwandika mu migi ikiri

hejuru(82% ku bagore; 83% ku bagabo) ugereranyije no mu bice

by’icyaro (61% ku bagore; 70% ku bagabo).

Iri suzuma rigaragaza ko ugereranyije n’abagabo, abagore bo mu migi

n’abo mu byaro bazi gusoma no kwandika ari bake. Ariko iri suzuma

rinagaragaza ko igipimo cy’abagore bo mu migi bazi gusoma no

kwandika gisumba icy’abagabo bo mu cyaro ho 12%. Ku bw’ibyo,

gahunda zishingiye ku kongera imibare y’abazi gusoma no kwandika

zigomba kwita ku bintu byinshi biranga abakorerwaho

ubushakashatsi, bibiri muri byo bikaba byaba igitsina cy’umuntu n’aho

atuye, kugira ngo hamenywe neza niba hari icyuho mu iterambere.

22


n’ubundi bwoko bwose bw’ivangura umuntu

ashobora guhura na ryo. 26

Nk’urugero, abagore bafite amateka

atandukanye bashobora guhura n’ibibazo

by’ubusumbane hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

kimwe n’ubundi bwoko bw’ubusumbane.

Nk’urugero, umugore ufite ubumuga bwo

kutabona ashobora guhura n’ikibazo

cy’ubusumbane hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

hiyongereyeho n’ivangura rishingiye ku

kutabona. Kubera ko ibibazo yagize bidashobora

kwigwa mu bice bitandukanye, kurwanya

ubusumbane hagati y’abagore n’abagabo kuri

uyu mugore bisobanura kuri we no kurwanya

politiki n’imyumvire biheza abafite ubumuga

bwo kutabona. Ni ngombwa rero ko PNUD

Rwanda isuzuma ubusumbane bwose

bugaragara mu buryo butandukanye.

PNUD Rwanda yiyemeje kwita ku bihuriweho

muri gahunda z’iterambere. Amahugurwa

ahabwa abakozi mu gushyira uburinganire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo muri gahunda zose azaba

arimo ibisobanuro n’ingero by’ibyo abantu

bahuriyeho. Kwita ku mpinduka za gahunda ku

bagore no ku bagabo, bizaba ngombwa ko

abakozi batabona mu buryo bumwe

uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo.

Ahubwo ingaruka zizasuzumwa binyuze mu

buryo buhuriyeho bwo kubona ibintu bwita ku

itandukaniro ku byaranze abantu hashingiwe ku

bindi byaranze umuntu.

Mu gushaka kugira imyumvire ku bintu

bihuriweho mu kumva uburinganire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo, ingamba ya PNUD ku isi

yose ya 2018-2023 yakoze ibintu bikurikira

biranga abantu bifite aho bihuriye

n’uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo:

1. Ubwoko 2. Aho umuntu atuye (nk’urugero mu

cyaro/mu mugi) 3. Ikiranga umuntu (nk’urugero igitsina cye

no kuba yiyumva nk’umugore cyangwa umugabo)

4. Abinjira n’abasohoka mu gihugu/kuba umuntu ari impunzi

5. Ibara ry’uruhu 6. Idini 7. Uko umuntu ahagaze mu byerekeye

imibereho n’ubukungu 8. Imyaka 9. Ubumuga (ubwo mu mutwe

n’ubw’ingingo)

PNUD Rwanda yatangiye gusuzuma ibyo abantu

bahuriyeho bijyanye n’imyaka n’ubumuga

bifitanye isano n’uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo. Ingero zabyo zishobora kuboneka mu

byo PNUD Rwanda yitaho bishobora

kugaragarira mu buryo PNUD yita ku murimo

ukorwa n’urubyiruko binyuze muri gahunda

yiswe «YouthConnekt» cyangwa gahunda yo

gufasha abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona.

Ingamba

Mu rwego rwo kwagura uburyo bwayo bwo

gushyira ihame ry’uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo muri gahunda zose, PNUD Rwanda

yiyemeje gukora impinduka zikurikira mu buryo

bufatika:

1. Gusaba abayobozi bakuru bose

kwitabira ibiganiro ku kumva ku buryo

bwagutse ibibazo byerekeye

uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo.

2. Gukora ku buryo ubuyobozi bukuru

bukangurira abantu kwitabira ibiganiro

hamwe n’abakozi ku byo abantu

bahuriyeho no gushyira mu buryo

busesuye uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo muri gahunda zose.

3. Kuvugurura amahugurwa ku bakozi

b’ibiro bya PNUD mu Rwanda hagamijwe

23


gushimangira uburyo bwo kwita ku

bihuriweho.

4. Kugaragaza imishinga na gahunda

birangwa n’ibintu bike bigaragaza

uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

no gutekereza ku buryo uburinganire

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

bwagaragara mu kibazo nyamukuru

kigamije gukemurwa.

5. Guteza imbere ubufatanye n’imikoranire

hagati ya PNUD n’andi mashami ya ONU

ndetse n’imiryango Itegamiye kuri Leta

iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

6. Gukoresha inama ku bukangurambaga

ku buringanire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo mu nama z’Umuryango

w’Abibumbye ndetse no hanze

y’ibikorwa.

7. Guteza imbere ibyo abantu bahuriyeho

mu butumwa bwamamaza bya PNUD

Rwanda.

Muri ubu buryo bushingiye ku bintu bihuriweho

mu gushakira umuti ibibazo bitandukanye bigira

ingaruka ku bikorwa by’iterambere,

biteganyijwe ko izindi gahunda zizashobora

gukemura mu buryo bunoze ibibazo bigaragara

mu buringanire hagati y'abagore n'abagabo

hananozwa uburyo bwo kwita ku ihame

ry’uburinganire hagati y'abagore n'abagabo mu

mishinga inyuranye ya PNUD.

VI. Intego ya 4: Abahungu n’abagabo

Intego ya 4 yibanda ku kamaro ko gutuma

abahungu n’abagabo bagira uruhare mu

guharanira uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo. Iki gikorwa kandi ntikigamije gusa

kongera ubushobozi bw’abakobwa n’abagore,

ahubwo ubu buryo bunafite inyungu nyinshi ku

bahungu n'abagabo.

Ingamba ibanziriza iyi y’ibiro bya PNUD mu

Rwanda ivuga ko u Rwanda ari umuryango uha

amahirwe menshi abagabo. Uburyo buha

amahirwe menshi abagabo ni imiterere ya

sosiyete aho abagabo baba bafite imyanya hafi

ya yose y’ubuyobozi n’imicungire. Nk’uko

byaganiweho mu gice kibanziriza iki, hari ibintu

byinshi biranga umuntu bifite aho bihuriye

n’igitsina bishobora kongera cyangwa

kugabanya ububasha bw’umuntu. Muri ubu

Objective 4

Kwibanda ku kongera uruhare rw’abagabo

n’abahungu mu gushyigikira ubuvugizi

n’igikorwa cy’uburinganire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo, by’umwihariko ku byerekeye


24


buryo, uburyo buha amahirwe menshi abagabo

ni uburyo buhuriweho n’ibintu byinshi

budashingiye gusa ku gitsina.

Bumwe mu buryo bw’ingenzi abahungu

n’abagabo bagomba kugiramo uruhare ni

ukuvanaho burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku

gitsina. Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina

bisobanura ihohoterwa rikorewa umuntu

hashingiwe gusa ku myumvire isanzwe y’igitsina

cye. Muri iri hohoterwa hashyirwamo ibikorwa

nko gushyingira umuntu utarageza ku myaka

y’ubukure cyangwa kumushyingira ku ngufu,

gukoresha uwo mwashakanye imibonano

mpuzabitsina ku ngufu, gukorera umuntu

igikorwa kimubabaza umubiri, kwima umuntu

uburenganzira ku mutungo, kumutuka,

guhohotera umuntu hashingiwe ku buzima bwe

bwo mu mutwe, icuruzwa ry’abantu, gukura

umuntu ho ibice by’imyanya y’igitsina cye,

gusambanya umuntu ku ngufu no kumwica. 27

Ikibabaje ni uko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina

ryafashwe igihe kinini nk’ikintu gisanzwe mu

mibanire y’umugabo n’umugore, rigafatwa

kandi nk’ikibazo cy’umuryango Leta itagombaga

kwivangamo. 28 Mu bijyanye n’amategeko,

abahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina

ntibarinzwe ku buryo buhagije. Muri make,

hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri (56%) cy’abarokotse

ihohoterwa ntibasaba ubufasha aho ari ho hose

mu gihe 7% gusa bashaka ubufasha buturutse

muri polisi. 29

Dusesenguye ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina

dukoresheje uburyo bureba ibyiciro byose

by’abaturage, turasanga abagore bose batagira

ihungabana kimwe. Ikigaragara ni uko umuntu

ateye bimugira umunyantege nke bityo bikaba

byamuviramo guhohoterwa. Urugero,

ibigaragara mu buzima busanzwe nko kuba

wiyumva ufite igitsina iki n’iki, ufite ubumuga

cyangwa ukomoka mu bwoko runaka, hamwe

n’ibituma habaho ihohoterwa nk’ibihe by’ibyago

biturutse ku biza bishobora kongera ibyago byo

kuba ihohoterwa ryakwiyongera. Abagabo

bitwara nk’abagore cyangwa abagore bitwara

kigabo na bo bashobora gukorerwa ihohoterwa

rishingiye ku gitsina. 30

Bitewe n’uko muri rusange abagore bafatwa

nk’insina ngufi, akenshi ihohoterwa rishingiye ku

gitsina rikorwa n’abahungu n’abagabo

bakarikorera abakobwa n’abagore. Ku bw’iyo

mpamvu, ingamba za PNUD mu Rwanda

zishingiye ku myumvire ifata ihohoterwa

rishingiye ku gistina nk’ikibazo abagabo

bagomba kugira icyabo, aho abahungu

n’abagabo bagomba gufata iya mbere mu

kurirwanya bivuye inyuma. Ubukangurambaga

bwatangijwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye

bwiswe «HeforShe» bugaragaza akamaro

k’abahungu n’abagabo mu kuzirikana

ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore bagafata iya

mbere mu kurirwanya. Guca burundu

ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ni kimwe mu

bintu bitatu Perezida Kagame yiyemeje

nk’ubikorera ubuvugizi. 31

Akenshi ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina

rishobora guturuka ku myemerere y’ibyo

sosiyete ifata nk’ibintu bisanzwe, imyumvire,

uko abantu bumva ibintu bashingiye ku muco,

bakumva ko ari ibisanzwe ko ihohoterwa

rishingiye ku gitsina ryabera ahantu hose mu

buzima busanzwe, haba mu rugo, aho umuntu

atuye n’ahakorerwa akazi. 31

Kubera ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rihera

ku kutihanganira ibivugwa ku gitsina iki n’iki

bitagendeye mu murongo sosiyete yashyizeho,

bumwe mu buryo bw’ingenzi bwo kurwanya

ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ni ukurwanya

25


ibyo bita inshingano zitwa iz’umugore n’izitwa

iz’umugabo. Ikindi gikwiye ni ukurwanya guha

agaciro gake inshingano z’abagore bikunze

gukorwa kenshi.

Ingamba

Ibiro bya PNUD mu Rwanda byagaragaje

ingamba zikurikira mu gukangurira abahungu

n’abakobwa kubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire

hagati y’abagore n’abagabo, harimo no guca

burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Kugira

ngo izo ntego zigerweho, PNUD Rwanda igomba

kongera ubufatanye hagati y’ibiro byo mu gihugu

hamwe na Polisi y’igihugu, urwego rw’igihugu

rushinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa, urugaga

bw’ababuranira abandi bo mu gihugu, imiryango

itegamiye kuri Leta, n’ Ishami ry’Umuryango

w’abibumbye ryita ku buringanire hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo, hamwe n’ishami

ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bagore.

1. Gukoresha inama n’amahugurwa ku

myumvire iha abagabo ububasha

bwinshi (urugero ni inshingano

z’abagabo n’iz’abagore, uko «abagabo

nyabagabo» bitwara n’ibindi.).

2. Gukora igenzura ku bwunganizi mu

mategeko bukorerwa abakorewe


Kugaragaza icyuho gihari muri politiki

cyangwa mu buryo bwo gutanga

amakuru.

3. Kwibanda ku gushishikariza abarokotse

ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no

gushaka ubwunganizi mu mategeko.

4. Gutanga amahugurwa ku bwumvikane

bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina,

kwibanda ku ruhare rw’abagabo mu guca

burundu imibonano mpuzabitsina

itumvikanyweho neza.

5. Gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa babifitiye

ububasha (nk’urugero polisi n’inkiko)

kwakira mu buryo rusange kandi binyuze

mu mucyo mbere na mbere abakorewe

ihohoterwa.

6. Ku rwego rw’ibiro byo mu gihugu,

gushyiraho uburyo bureba bose kandi

butabogamiye ku gitsina iki n’iki

bwerekeye ikiruhuko cyo kubyara

(uburyo buhuriza hamwe ikiruhuko ku

mugore no ku mugabo wabyaye).

Hamwe no guteza imbere ubu buryo mu

bafatanyabikorwa ba PNUD. 33

7. Gukomeza kwita ku kazi ariko utibagiwe

imibereho y’abakozi nyuma y’akazi.

Kwemerera no gushishikariza abakozi

gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gukora

akazi, kugira ngo umuntu ataramburwa

akazi kandi akomeze kugakora neza,

cyane cyane ku bakozi b’abagore.

8. Hari akazi ko kongera umubare

w’abagore mu myanya yose y'imirimo,

mu myanya y’ubuyobozi no mu nzego

zifata ibyemezo. Gukora ku buryo

ibyifuzo by’abagore byumvwa kandi

bikubahirizwa, kubera ko guhagararirwa

byonyine bidahagaje.

Mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego ya 4, ibiro byo

mu gihugu bigamije guhuriza hamwe imbaraga

mu gukora ubukangurambaga mu bahungu no

mu bagabo ku buringanire hagati y'abagore

n'abagabo no guca burundu ihohoterwa

rishingiye ku gitsina.

VII. Umwanzuro

Ihame ry’Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo ni uburenganzira bwa

muntu bw’ibanze bukanaba igipimo cy’ingenzi

cy’iterambere ry’igihugu. Ishami ry’Umuryango

w’Abibumbye ritsura Amajyambere (PNUD) mu

Rwanda ryongeye gushimangira ubushake rifite

mu guharanira ihame ry’uburinganire

26


n’ubwuzuzanye, uburenganzira n’amahirwe

amwe ku bagore n’abagabo.

Izi ngamba zagaragaje intego enye ibiro bya

PNUD mu Rwanda bizashyiramo imbaraga mu

myaka itatu iri imbere. Intego ya 1 yagaragaje

akamaro ko kwita ku ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

muri gahunda zose kugira ngo ziteze imbere ku

buryo bwuzuye ibisubizo bishingiye ku

buringanire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo. Ikindi ni

uko intego ya mbere yibanze ku kongera uburyo

uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

bushyirwa muri gahunda zo guhangana n’ibiza

byangiza ibidukikikje.

Intego ya 2 yavuze ku mbogamizi zituruka ku

miterere y’inzego ibangamira iterambere

ry’ubukungu bw’abagore. Aha, ishami rya PNUD

mu gihugu rigamije gufata ingamba hakiri kare

zafasha kubona ibisubizo bishya ku mbogamizi

zerekeye ubukungu zituruka ku miterere

y’inzego abagore bahura na zo ubu mu Rwanda.

Intego ya 3 yasobanuye uruhurirane rw’ibintu

bitandukanye biranga ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo. Yari

igamije kongera ubushobozi bw’ishami rya PNUD

mu gihugu kugira ngo ryibande ku kubona

uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo mu

ndorerwamo y’ibintu byinshi bitandukanye

hitabwa cyane ku kamaro byatanga. Ku

byerekeye iyi ntego, ihame ry’uburinganire


bufatwa icya rimwe nk’ikibazo gifite umwihariko

wacyo ariko kigomba kugaragara mu mishinga

yose y’iterambere.

Intego ya 4 yibanze ku kongera ubwitabire

bw’abahungu n’abagabo mu gukora ubuvugizi

ku ihame ry’buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati

y’abagore n’abagabo no kugira ibikorwa bakora.

Ikigamijwe ni ugushyiraho urubuga abagabo

bahuriramo kugira ngo bashishikarizwe

guharanira ihame ry’uburinganire


ndetse rukaba umwanya w’imishinga

y’iterambere uvuguruza imyumvire ivuga ko

uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo ari «ikibazo cy’abagore».

Izi ntego zigamije kubera umusemburo abakozi

ba PNUD mu gihugu, kuyobora ibikorwa byabo

by’iterambere no kwagura imyumvire bari

basanzwe bafite ku buringanire hagati y’abagore

n’abagabo no kongerera ubushobozi abagore.

Ingamba zihariye kuri buri ntego zitanga uburyo

bufatika bwo kuzishyira mu bikorwa.

Mu rwego rwo kugira ngo izo ntego zishyirwe mu

bikorwa, buri cyiciro cyakoze urutonde

rw’ingamba zihariye zijyanye na buri ntego.

Byasabwe ko buri shami riganira n’abakozi baryo

uko buri shami ryakwiyemeza ibikorwa ryakora

kuri buri ngamba yihariye.

Intego twavuze haruguru zirakomeye cyane

ariko ni umukoro twihaye. Nyamara ibyo

ntibyagerwaho hatabaye ubufatanye nyabwo

bw’abakozi b’ibiro byacu mu gihugu ndetse

n’abafatanyabikorwa bacu. Mu gutangaza izi

ngamba, turashishikariza abazazisoma

kwiyemeza gushimangira ihame ry’uburinganire

n’ubwuzuzanye mu buryo bwose kugira ngo

twese tubeho turushijeho kwishima, mu mahoro

no mu buzima bufite agaciro.

Ibisobanuro by’amagambo

27


Igitsina

Bisobanura uko umuryango mugari ubona umuntu hashingiwe ku mahirwe umuha n'imibanire ye n'abandi

bitewe n’uko ari umuhungu/ umugabo cyangwa umukobwa/umugore.

Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

Bisobanura uburenganzira, inshingano n’amahirwe angana ku bagore no ku bagabo.

Kwita ku ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo muri gahunda zose

Bisobanura igikorwa cyo gusuzuma uko abagore n’abagabo bagira uruhare muri buri gukorwa

giteganyijwe, harimo amategeko, politiki cyangwa gahunda, mu bice byose by’ubuzima kandi ku byiciro

byose.

Kongerera ubushobozi abagore

Bifitanye isano n’ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo, ariko hejuru y’ibyo,

kongerera ubushobozi abagore bigizwe n’ibintu bitanu: (1) kuba abagore bumva ko bafite agaciro; (2)

uburenganzira bwabo bwo guhitamo kandi bikozwe na bo ubwabo; (3) uburenganzira bwabo bwo kubona

amahirwe no kugira imitungo ; (4) uburenganzira bwabo bwo kugira ububasha bwo kugenzura ubuzima

bwabo bwite, haba imuhira no hanze yaho; (5) n’ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuba bagira icyo bahindura

icyerekezo cy’impinduka z’imibereho bagashyiraho uburyo burushijeho kuba bwiza bw’imibereho

n’ubukungu, ku rwego rw’igihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Uburenganzira bw’abagore

Kugira uruhare rusesuye kandi rungana rw’abagore mu buzima bwerekeye politiki, imbonezamubano,

ubukungu n’imibereho myiza, ku rwego rw’igihugu, urw’akarere igihugu giherereyemo no ku rwego

mpuzamahanga, no guca burundu uburyo bwose ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ryigaragazamo.

28


Umugereka A

Urutonde rw’amasezerano mpuzamahanga n’andi yo mu karere ku ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye

no kongerera ubushobozi abagore nkuko agaragara mu gitabo cy’ingamba zigamije kwita ku ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye muri gahunda zose muri UNDAP (20188-2023).

1. Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ryerekeye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu

2. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira mu mbonezamubano na politiki

3. Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abari

n’abategarugore

4. Itangazo ry'ibyemezo byafatiwe ry'I Beijing

5. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekerekeye ugushyingirwa ku bushake, imyaka mike yo

gushyingirwa no kwandika ubushyingirwe

6. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bw’umugore mu bya politike

7. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga adahatirwa y’inyongera agamije gukumira, guca no guhana

icuruzwa ry’abantu, cyane cyane abana n’abagore kandi yuzuza amasezerano mpuzamahanga

arwanya ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka, umwanzuro w’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye 61/144

rigamije kurwanya ubucuruzi bukorerwa abagore n’abakobwa.

8. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira umugore washatse umunyamahanga afite

ku bwenegihugu.

9. Itangazo mpuzamahanga ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa

abagore.

10. Umwanzuro w’Umuryango w’abibumbye 61/144 werekeye kongera imbaraga mu guca burundu

ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore.

11. Umwanzuro w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye werekeye guca burundu gufatwa ku ngufu

n’ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore n’aho rigaragara hose haba mu bihe

by’amakimbirane n’ibindi bihe bisa na yo.

12. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga adahatirwa y’inyongera ku masezerano nyafurika ku burenganzira

bwa muntu avuga ku burenganzira bw’abagore muri Afurika.

13. Itangazo ry’inama mpuzamahanga ya Kigali ku ruhare rw’inzego z’umutekano mu kurwanya

ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa yashyiriweho ikigo cyo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu

bikorwa ryayo kuri uyu mugabane, ubunyamabanga bwacyo buri i Kigali kandi yasinywe n’ibihugu

20 muri Afurika.

Hari urutonde rw’amavugurwa yakozwe na Leta y’u Rwanda ku mategeko na politiki nk’uko agaragara

muri gahunda y’ubufatanye y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UNDAP 2018-2023) yo kwita ku ihame

ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo

1. Itegeko No. 32/2016 ryo ku 28 Kanama 2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, rifite ingingo nyinshi

zirwanya ivangura rikorerwa abagore.

2. Itegeko No. 27/2016 ryo ku wa 8 Nyakanga 2017 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashakanye,

impano n’izungura rirwanya ivangura rikorerwa abana b’abahungu n’ab’abagabo mu bijyanye

n’izungura

29


3. Itegeko ngenga No. 12/2013/OL ryo ku wa 12 Nzeri 2013 ryerekeye imari n'umutungo bya

Leta, rishyiraho ingamba zo gusobanura uko ibintu byakozwe mu bijyanye no kugenera imari

ikoreshwa mu kwimakaza ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye;

4. Itegeko ngenga No. 10/20/2013/OL ryo ku wa 11 Nyakanga 2013 rigenga amashyaka ya politiki

n’abanyapolitiki ribuza ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose ryaba rishingiye ku gitsina, ku bwoko, ku idini

mu mashyaka ya politiki

5. Itegeko No. 43/2013 ryo ku wa 16 Kamena 2013 rigenga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda,

ribuza ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina rikorwa ku kubona ubutaka

6. Itegeko ngenga No. 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2 Gicurasi 2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko

ahana, ribuza icuruzwa ry’abana, kubashora mu busambanyi no kubakinisha sinema

z’urukozasoni

7. No. 54/2011 ryo ku 14 Ukuboza 2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo

kumurinda no kumurengera riha ababyeyi bombi inshingano zo kurinda umwana

8. Itegeko ngenga No. 02/2011/OL ryo ku wa 27 Nyakanga 2011 rigenga imiterere n’imikorere

y’uburezi, riteganya ko uburezi bw’umuturage butagomba kurangwa n’ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose.

9. Itegeko No. 27/2010 ryo ku wa 19 Kamena 2010 rigenga amatora riteganya ko nibura 30%

by’abakandida mu matora y’inteko ishinga amategeko ku rutonde rw’amashyaka baba ari abari

n’abategarugori.

10. Gahunda y’igihugu yo kwimakaza ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye (2016-2020)

11. Gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa Itangazo rya Beijing (2012-2017)

12. Gahunda y’igihugu yo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina (2011) n’iteganyabikorwa ryayo

(2011-2016)

13. Politiki y’igihugu igenga ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye (2010)

IncamakeIjambo ry’ibanzeI. IntangiriroUko ibintu bihagaze mu gihuguUko byifashe mu biro bya PNUD mu Rwanda

II. Ingamba zafashweIntego z’uburinganireImbogamizi n’ingamba zafashwe

III. Intego ya 1: Gushyira uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo muri gahunda zoseIngamba

IV. Intego ya 2: Imbogamizi zituruka ku miterere y’inzegoIngamba

V. Intego ya 3: Ibibazo bihuriwehoIngamba

VI. Intego ya 4: Abahungu n’abagaboIngamba

VII. UmwanzuroIbisobanuro by’amagamboUmugereka A