introduction and overview 吳俊興...

Introduction And Overview

吳俊興國立高雄大學資訊工程學系

CST543 – Internet of Things物聯網

Outline

• Introduction• What IoT – Comparative Views– Computing - SoC– Power– Networking

• Why IoT– Visions– Applications

• Summary

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Internet of Things (IoT)

• The network of physical objects or “things”– Embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and

connectivity• Related terms: Internet Appliance, Embedded Systems,

Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing, Sensor Networks, …– Being able to collect and exchange data

• Things-generated data v.s. Human-generated data

• The term “Internet of Things” coined by Britishentrepreneur Kevin Ashton in 1999– The IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020

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• Wiki: interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure– ‘Things’-oriented

• Rather than computer-oriented• Probably limited power, limited resources

– Internet-based• Thing-generated data

– Continuous / periodic / event-based• Uniquely identifiable• Always v.s. On-demand connected• Intelligent/Smart devices

(Automatically manageable)

Internet of Things (IoT)

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IoT under Cloud

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IoT: Transporting Big Data of Small Things under Cloud

InfrastructureIaaS

Server

PlatformPaaS

Application/SoftwareSaaS

Client

Har

dwar

eSo

ftwar

eVirtualization

Service

Cloud / Big Data

Gartner’s View of the IoT Ecosystem

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Outline



• Summary

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Elements of a Typical Microcomputer

What to Be Equipped

Output

Input

UserSpeaker / Display /

VibratorPrinter

Machine

Actuators

UserKeyboard / Mouse / Touchpad / Microphone / Scanner / Camera

Computer Internet Appliance

Machine

Sensors Cloud Computing

Embedded Devices+

Internet=

IoT

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Computing → Storage → Networking → Sensing and ActingUser-data → Machine data (Sensed data from devices / Control data to device)

How to be Powered

• Electronic-powered• Battery-powered (w or w/o Chargable)• Self-powered / Solar (+ Battery)• Contactless-powered

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How to Connect

• No – standalone• Communication with analog signals• Communication with digital signals (Layer 1 orLayer 2)

• Communication with Internet packets (Layer 3)

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Thing (Physical Object)

Elements of an IoT-Enabled Object

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CPU

Memory Unit

RAM ROM

InputDevices

Sensors

I/ODevices

(Storage)Networking

Power

• Solar / Wired / Contactless• Battery• Charging

SoC

(User)

BigData

Cloud

OutputDevices

Actuators

•Analog/Digital Signal v.s. IP Packet•Things-generated Data v.s.Human-generated Data

•D2D/M2M Communication•Identification•Layer 2 / 3 / 5

System on a Chip (SoC)

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Apple Watch

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Sensor Devices are Becoming Widely Available- Programmable devices

- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools- Environment sensors

- Current, Voltage, Watt, …- Temperature, Humidity, Gas, PM2.5,…- IR, Distance, Noise, Radio, …

Intel Curie Module

• For Wearable Devices, Unveiled Jan 2015– A low-power, 32-bit Intel® Quark™ SE SoC– 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM– A low-power integrated DSP sensor hub and pattern-

matching technology– Bluetooth Low Energy– 6-axis combo sensor with accelerometer and gyroscope– Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)

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Samsung ARTIK• ARTIK 1 (12mm*12mm) for Wearable Devices

– Dual Core @250MHZ+@80MHz– 1MB on-chip + 4MB SPI Flash– WVGA (800*480) Display– Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.0– PMIC: 5 Buck converters + 25 LDOs

• ARTIK 5 (29mm * 25mm)• ARTiK10 (39mm * 29mm)

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Arduino Yun (€52.00 + VAT)

• AVR Arduino microcontroller– Microcontroller ATmega32U4– Operating Voltage 5V– Digital I/O Pins 20– PWM Channels 7– Analog Input Pins 12– DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA– DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA– Flash Memory 32 KB– SRAM 2.5 KB– EEPROM 1 KB– Clock Speed 16 MHz 19

• Linux Microprocessor (Atheros AR9331)– Architecture MIPS @400MHz– Operating Voltage 3.3V– Ethernet IEEE 802.3 10/100Mbit/s– WiFi IEEE 802.11b/g/n– USB Type-A 2.0 Host– Card Reader Micro-SD only– RAM 64 MB DDR2– Flash Memory 16 MB– SRAM 2.5 KB– EEPROM 1 KB– Clock Speed 16 MHz

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B ($35USD)• Release date February 2015; 7 months ago

– CPU 900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7– Memory 1 GB RAM– OS Linux, FreeBSD, Windows 10 IoT– Graphics Broadcom VideoCore IV– Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video– Camera interface (CSI)– Display interface (DSI)– USB 4 ports– GPIO 40 pins– Full HDMI port– Ethernet port– Storage MicroSDHC slot– Power 4.0 W

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World of Internet – Edge Views

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Sensors / Actuators

Internet

Device-to-DeviceThings

Things-centricdata

User-centricdata

AccessNetworks

SensorNetworks

Software-Defined

Networks

Comparing Web and IoT Protocols

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NFC / RFID / Bluetooth LE / ZigBee(802.15.4)WiFi / ISA 100.11a / ISO Dash7 / 5G

Ethernet/PowerLine• Full Internet device• High performance

• Limited Internet device• High usability• Optimized IP/Web access

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Link Layer

Physical Layer

(RPL)

WLAN and WPAN (Layer 1 and Layer 2)• Short-range point-to-point communications

– IrDA (Infrared Data)– RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)– NFC (Near Field Communication) – based on RFID– Wireless USB– DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)

• Wireless sensor networks / WPAN (802.15)– 802.15.1 - BlueTooth– 802.15.4 (Low Rate) - ZigBee– 802.15.3 (High Rate / Ultra-Wide Band)

• WirelessHD / Intel WirelessDisplay (WiDi)– 802.15.5 (Mesh Networking / Ad Hoc)– 802.15.6 (Body Area Networks)

• WLAN (802.11)– WiFi / WiGig (802.11)

Messaging Protocols

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IoT Operating Systems

• Embedded/Real-Time OS

– Mainly for MCU

– i.e. FreeRTOS, TinyOS, Contiki, RIOT

– ARM mbed

• Generic OS

– For ARM or above CPU

– Linux-based / Apple iOS / Microsoft’s Windows 10

– Google Brillo

• Weave Protocol 25

Outline



• Summary

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IoT Visions• UN (2005): “A new era of ubiquity is coming where humans may

become the minority as generators and receivers of traffic andchanges brought about by the Internet will be dwarfed by thoseprompted by the networking of everyday objects”

• ITU: ‘‘From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will nowhave connectivity for anything”

• EU: ‘‘Things having identities and virtual personalities operating insmart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicatewithin social, environmental, and user contexts”

• US National Intelligence Council: ‘‘By 2025 Internet nodes may residein everyday things – food packages, furniture, paper documents, andmore”

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Anything Digitalized SoC-InsideAnytime / Anywhere Connected Internet-Outside

Realtime InformationBetter decision making

Safety & SecurityBetter living standards

Aging PopulationRequires better care

LifestyleConvenience

Limited ResourcesRequires conservation

Information GenerationMeasurements and tracking

Govt. InitiativesBetter citizen services

InnovationNew business

models

IoT Visions

Really Promises?

Applications

Smart Cities

Smart Water

Smart Grid

Smart Farming

Industrial Control

Smart Environment

Safety and Security

Smart HomeseHealthcare

Smart Retail

Customer Service

Smart Logistics

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IoT Applications

Smart Cities Smart Cities

StructuralHealth

SmartParking

NoiseDetection

SmartRoads

WasteManagement

SmartLighting

Values of A Smart City

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Smart Environment

Snow LevelMonitoringForest Fire Detection

Air PollutionMonitoring EMF Level Detection

Landslide andAvalanche Detection

Earthquake EarlyDetection

Smart Environment

Safety, Security and Emergencies

LeakageDetection

RadiationLevels

Access Control Explosive andHazardous

Gases

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Safety and Security

Smart Water

Quality ofDrinking

Water

SwimmingPool

Maintenance

WaterMetering

RiverMonitoring

SeaMonitoring

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Smart Water

Smart Farming

PrecisionFarming

Green Houses SmartIrrigation

Micro-weather

Forecasting

Smart AnimalFarming

Smart Farming

Smart Retail

Supply ChainControl

IntelligentShopping

Smart ProductManagement

NFC Payment

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Smart Retail

eHealthcare

Fall Detection PatientMonitoring

SportsmanCare

Women &Child Care

UV RadiationDetection

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eHealthCare

SmartAssembly

VisibleFactory

Plant Alarms Item Tracking

Industrial Control

Smart Logistics

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Quality of Shipment

Conditions

Item LocationTracking

WarehouseMonitoring

Fleet Tracking

Smart Logistics

Smart Homes

Measurementof Energy andWater Usage

SmartLighting

ApplianceControl

IntrusionDetection

PetMonitoring

Smart Homes

Optimal living Improvedliving

standards

Empowerspeople

New business Job creationopportunities

Future for thenext generations

Economicdevelopment

Social Impacts

Implications of IoT on the Physical World

Summary• IoT – A New Thing with Many Old Objects

– Open, Interoperability, Scalability– Security and Privacy

• IoT – A Big Thing– Big Technology?– Big Value?

• IoT – More Small Things, really– Small challenge?– Small entry barrier?

• IoT – Right Thing, actually– Right idea– Right solution– Right time and right place

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Assignment #1• Find partners to have a group• Think about 10 topics that you may be interested• Have a group discussion to review each’s list– For each’s 10 topics, each person votes three to get the

most interested three• Serious discussions are encouraged

• Pool together each’s 3 most-interested topics, repeatthe last step to get the most interested three of all

• Submission– Each person: 10 topics, and pick details– Group: 3 * MemberNumber, and the final three

• Give 3 reasons for each of the final three

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