introduction to cmmi

Introduction to CMMI

CYT

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Outline

• What is CMMICMMI Content

• CMMI Representation Model: Staged

• CMMI Representation Model: Continued

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What is CMMI• SEI, CMU

http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/cmmi.html (main page)http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/translations/trad-chinese/mod

els/index.html (Chinese translation)

• CMMI 模式是 CMMI 產品系列 (model ，評估準則，訓練敎材 )的一部份介紹 CMMI 最佳執行方法的正式文件

• CMMI ModelCMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS Version 1.1 (staged, continued) CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD Version 1.1 (staged, continued) CMMI-SE/SW Version 1.1 (staged, continued) CMMI-SW Version 1.1 (staged, continued)

多一兩個 Process Area

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What is CMMI (cont’d)

• 各種不同的 modeSE-CMMSA-CMMSECAM IPD-CMMFAA-iCMM ISO/IEC 12207 ISO/IEC 15l288 ISO/IEC 15504

• 因為各自的 model 標準化了Model 之間的協調變難了

CMMI

好處成本

重點明確流程的整合

流程的靈活性 ( 加 PA)

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• CMMI and Business Objectives Produce quality products or services Create value for the stockholders Be an employer of choice Enhance customer satisfaction Increase market share Implement cost savings and best practices Gain an industry-wide recognition for excellence

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• CMMI Objectives Eliminating inconsistencies. Reducing duplication. Increasing clarity and understanding.Providing common terminology.Providing consistent style.Establishing uniform construction rules.Maintaining common components.Assuring consistency with ISO/IEC 15504. (SPI)Being sensitive to the implications for legacy efforts.

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CMMI Content • Process Area

The fundamental organizational feature of all the CMMI models is the "process area." Not everything related to processes and process improvement is included in a process-improvement model.

一組同屬某一領域而彼此相關的執行方法，當共同執行時可達成一組目標，這些目標對該領域的重大改善是重要的

in CMMI version 1.1 models with a relatively small set of process areas: 22 in CMMI-SE/SW and CMMI-SW, 24 in CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD, and 25 in CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS.

• Content Classification Required Materials Expected Materials Informative Materials

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CMMI Content (cont’d)

• Specific Goal說明必須執行什麼以滿足該 Process Area

• Specific Practice說明一組活動，這組活動被期望可達成某 Process Area的 Specific Goal

• Generic Goal相同 goal 可適用於多個 Process Area

• Generic Practice提供制度化 (institutionalization) ，以確保 Process Area的相關流程是有效的、可重複的、可持續的

Commitment to Perform (CO)Ability to Perform (AB)

Directing Implementation (DI)Verifying Implementation (VE)

Commitment to Perform (CO)Ability to Perform (AB)

Directing Implementation (DI)Verifying Implementation (VE)

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• Required Materials The sole required component of the CMMI models is the

"goal." A goal represents a desirable end state, the achievement of which indicates that a certain degree of project and process control has been achieved.

Specific Goal (SG)

Generic Goal (GG)

PA

PA

PA

PA

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• Expected Materials The only expected component of the CMMI models is the

statement of a "practice."

Specific Practice (SP)

Generic Practice (GP)

Single PA

PAPA

PA

PA

The same Level

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• Informative Materials Purpose Introductory NoteReference Names Practice-to-Goal Relationship TableNotes Typical Work Products. Subpractices Discipline Amplifications Generic Practice Elaborations

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CMMI Representation Model

Staged/Maturity Continued/Capability

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CMMI Representation Model (cont’d)

• Staged組織流程成熟度 (maturity)提供經過驗証的改善順序此順序由基本的管理執行方法開始，逐步邁向預先定義且經過驗証的進階層級 ( maturity level)

• Continued 流程領域的能力 (capability)允許選擇改善的順序，使其其最能符合組織的經營目標，同時降低風險範園

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Map: CMMI Representation Model: Staged

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Map: CMMI Representation Model: Continued

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CMMI Representation Model: Staged

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CMMI Representation Model: Staged

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Maturity Level 1: Initial

• 不確定的工作方式，沒有固定流程

• Project 經常超出預算和時程

• 成功經驗無法重複，績效全賴強者與英雄

• 績效難以預測

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Maturity Level 2: Managed

• 己確保需求是被管理的

• 其流程是經過規劃、執行、度量及控制的

• 需求、流程、工作產品及服務是受管理的

• 可以重複使用以前的經驗及成果

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Maturity Level 3: Defined

• Organization’s set of standard processes 為 level 3 的基礎

• 軟體發展的 Engineering Activity, Mangement Activity 已標準化資產調適…

• 與 level 2 之主要區別標準、流程說明及程序的範範

process1process1

process1process1

process1process1

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Maturity Level 4: Quantitatively Managed

• 統計、量化技術

以了解過去並預測未來的流程績效、產品品質及服務品質以了解過去並預測未來的流程績效、產品品質及服務品質

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Maturity Level 5: Optimizing

• 持續進行流程改善

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Light-Weight CMMIRequirements Development (RD)

• SG 1 Develop customer requirements (Use NSC Proposal) SP 1.1 Elicit needs SP 1.2 Develop the customer requirements,

• SG 2 Develop product requirements SP 2.1 Establish product and product component

requirements SP 2.2 Allocate product component requirements SP 2.3 Identify interface requirements

• SG 3 Analyze and validate requirements SP 3.1 Establish operational concepts and scenarios SP 3.2 Establish a definition of required functionality SP 3.3 Analyze requirements SP 3.4 Analyze requirements to achieve balance SP 3.5 Validate requirements with comprehensive methods

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CMMI Maturity Level: 2 Requirements Management

• SG1• GG2• GG3

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需求管理• 目的

…………

• 簡介 ………...

• 相關流程領域 ………...

• 特定及一般目標 SG1 管理需求

……….

GG2 制度化己管理流程 ……….

GG3 制度化已定義流程 ……….

執行方法與目標的關係對照表SG1 管理需求

SP 1.1SP 1.2SP 1.3SP 1.4SP 1.5

GG2 制度化己管理流程GP 2.1 (CO1)GP 2.2 (AB1)GP 2.3 (AB2)GP 2.4 (AB3)GP 2.5 (AB4)GP 2.6 (DI1)GP 2.7 (DI2)GP 2.8 (DI3)GP 2.9 (VE1)GP 2.10 (VE2)

GG3 制度化已定義流程GP 3.1GP 3.2

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需求管理• 各目標的特定執行方法

SG1 管理需求 …. SP 1.1 了解需求

…. SP 1.2 取得需求承諾

…. SP 1.3 管理需求變更

…. SP 1.4 維護需求的雙向追溯性

…. SP 1.5 界定專案工作與需求間的差異

….

GG2 GP 2.1 (CO 1) 建立組織政策 GP 2.2 (AB 1) 規劃流程 GP 2.3 (AB 2) 提供資源 GP 2.4 (AB 3) 指派責任 GP 2.5 (AB 4) 訓練人員 GP 2.6 (DI 1) 管理建構 GP 2.7 (DI 2) 界定並納入相關的關鍵人員 GP 2.8 (DI 3) 監控流程 GP 2.9 (VE 1) 客觀評估遵循程度 Gp 2.10 (VE 2) 與上層管理人員審查各狀況

GG3 GP 3.1 建立已定義流程 GP 3.2 收集改善資訊

典型的工作產品1. 區別適當需求提供者的準則清單2. 需求評估和接收準則3. 依準則進行分析4. 經議定的需求

細部執行方法1. 建立區別適當需求提供者的準則清

單2. 建立客觀的需求接收準則3. 分析需求，以確保其符合已建立之

準則的要求4. 與需求提供者達成需求共識，使專

穼成員可對需求承諾

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CMMI Representation Model: Continued

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Capability

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CMMI Representation Model: Continued

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Continuous Grouping

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Process ManagementOrganizational Innovation and Deployment

• 目的 …

• 簡介 …

• 相關流程領域 …

• 特定目標 SG1 SG2

• 一般目標 GG1 GG2 GG3 GG4 GG5

• 執行方法與目標的關係對照表 …

• 各目標的特定執行方法 SG1

SP 1.1-1 …

• 各目標的一般執行方法 GG1

GP 1.1 …

introduction to cmmi

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