Introductions to Lysine in E.coli Metabolism Pathways.

Group 9 張智宏 楊翊文 王翔昱

2004.11.18

Outline

Describe the usage of Lysine. Process Find the metabolic pathways involved in the

synthesis of the Lysine . Find the enzymes and genes involved in these

pathway reactions . Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

Introductions to Lysin Query interface ...

• Symbol : lys k , 離胺酸• Molecular formula : C6H14N2O2 • Molecular weight : 146.19 • Isoelectric point (pH) : 9.59 • pKa values : 2.20, 8.90, 10.28 • CAS Registry Number : 56-87-1 • Type : lonic• Other Forms

L-lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) Lysine clonixinate (LC) L-lysine monohydrochlorine (LMH)

Introductions to Lysine

3D Molecular Model

H2N-(CH2)4-CH(NH2)-COOH

Lysine under the microscope

Introductions to LisineDiscovered in 1989 .

Lysine is incorporated into proteins at the rate of 7 percent on a molar basis compared to the other amino acids.

The side chain of Lysine has three methylene groups, so that even though the terminal amino group will be charged under physiological conditions, the side chain does have significant hydrophobic character.

Lysine is an essential amino acid that you must get from food because your body cannot make enough of it.

Lysine helps your body process fatty acids, and it is particularly important for proper growth.

Lysine helps your body absorb calcium, and it plays an important role in the formation of collagen, a substance important to your bones and tissues.

Medical Information of LysineLysine is used to treat herpes infections caused by both herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses. Taking lysine supplements can speed your recovery time and reduce chances of reinfection.

Some studies have found lysine helpful in treating cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, asthma, migraine, nasal polyps, and postepisiotomy pain.

If you get too little lysine in your diet, your body may develop a poor nitrogen balance, and you may ultimately develop kidney stones.

Signs of getting too little lysine include fatigue, nausea, dizziness, appetite loss, emotional agitation, bloodshot eyes, decreased immunity, slow growth, anemia, enzyme deterioration, reproductive disorders, pneumonia, and acidosis (a pH imbalance in the body).

The most concentrated sources of lysine are torula yeast, dried and salted cod, Parmesan cheese, pork loin (excluding fat), dried and frozen tofu.

Outline Describe the usage of Lysine.

Process Find the metabolic pathways involved in the

synthesis of the Lysine . Find the enzymes and genes involved in these

pathway reactions . Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

Process , What we have done

http://www.genome.jp/kegg/Click “ Ligand ” to enter query interface

Query “Lysine” with “ name” function

Process , What we have done

Select the entry that match our desire: entry C00047

We are interested in Lysine biosynthesis, select the path map00300

Process , What we have done

Show the enzymes exist in E.Coli with green color

Outline Describe the usage of Lysine. Process

Find the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of the Lysine .

Find the enzymes and genes involved in these pathway reactions .

Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

Find the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of the Lysine .

Lysine Biosynthesis

(Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism) L-Asparate 2.7.2.4 L-4-Aspartyl Phosphate 1.2.1.11 L-Aspartate 4-Semialdehyde4.2.1.52 2,3-Dihydrodipicolinate 1.3.1.26 2,3,4,5,-Tetrahydro-dipicolinate 2.3.1.117 N-Succinyl-2-amino-6-oxopimelate 2.6.1.17 N-Succinyl-L-2,6-diaminopimelate 3.5.1.18 2,6-diominopimelate 5.1.1.7 meso-2,6-Diaminopimelate 4.1.1.20 L-Lysine

Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism

(Glycosis) Pyruvate Acetyl-Coa Cirate 2-OxoglutarateSuccinate Fumarate 4.3.1.1 L-Aspartate (Lysine Biosynthesis)

Glycolysis

D-Glucose 2.7.1.69α-D-Glucose-6p 5.3.1.9β-D-Fructose-6p2.7.1.11β-D-Fructose-1,6p24.1.2.13Glyceraldehyde-3p1.2.1.12Glycerate-1,3p23.6.1.7 (2.7.2.3)Glycerate-3p5.4.2.1Glycerate-2p4.2.1.11Phosphoenolpyruvate2.7.1.40(Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism)

Outline Describe the usage of Lysine. Process Find the metabolic pathways involved in the

synthesis of the Lysine .

Find the enzymes and genes involved in these pathway reactions .

Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

Lysine Biosynthesis Pathway

Entry EC 2.3.1.117ECO: b0166(dapD)

Entry EC 2.6.1.17ECO: b2379(yfdZ)

Entry EC 3.5.1.18ECO: b2472(dapE)

Entry EC 5.1.1.7ECO: b3809(dapF)

Entry EC 4.1.1.20ECO: b2838(lysA)

Entry EC 2.7.2.4 ECO: b0002(thrA) b3940(metL) b4024(lysC)

Entry EC 1.2.1.11ECO: b3433(asd)

Entry EC 4.2.1.52ECO: b2478(dapA)

Entry EC 1.3.1.26ECO: b0031(dapB)

Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Pathway

Entry EC 4.3.1.1ECO: b4139(aspA)Name : aspartate ammonia-lyase aspartase fumaric aminase L-aspartase Definition : aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspartase)

Glycosis Pathway

Entry EC 1.2.1.12 ECO: b1416(gapC_2) b1417(gapC) b1779(gapA)

Entry EC 2.7.2.3 ECO: b2926(pgk)

Entry EC 5.4.2.1 ECO: b0755(gpmA) b3612(yibO)

Entry EC 4.2.1.11 ECO: b2779(eno)

Entry EC 2.7.1.40 ECO: b1676(pykF) b1854(pykA)

Entry EC 2.7.1.69 ECO: b0129(yadI) b0679(nagE) b0731(hrsA) b1101(ptsG) b1621(malX) b1736(celC) b1738(celA) …..

Entry EC 5.3.1.9 ECO: b4025(pgi)

Entry EC 2.7.1.11 ECO: b1723(pfkB) b3916(pfkA)

Entry EC 4.1.2.13 ECO: b2097(dhnA) b2925(fba)

Outline Describe the usage of Lysine. Process Find the metabolic pathways involved in the

synthesis of the Lysine . Find the enzymes and genes involved in these

pathway reactions .

Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

• Methylotrophs, microorganisms that use reduced one-carbon compounds, are diverse and ubiquitous. Even though many methylotrophs have been described, only a few are gram positive. The industrial advantages of using methanol as a substrate for large-scale production of fermentation products have been outlined by other groups. Methanol is relatively inexpensive, prices are relatively stable, production exceeds demand, and it is easily stored and transported. In addition, methanol is available in pure form, it is highly soluable in water, methanol solutions are not explosive, and residual methanol can be easily removed from products after fermentation is completed. Bacillus species have been used extensively in industrial fermentation processes

Describe the usage of Lysine.

Find the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of the following compound .

Find the enzymes and genes involved in these pathway reactions .

Is E. Coli suitable for biosynthesis of Lysine ?

Thank You !

Group9, 2004.11.19