Knowledge Construction Knowledge Construction as Evolutionary Gamingas Evolutionary Gaming

Y Nakamori (JAIST)Z Zhu (HUBS & JAIST)

IIASAVienna 2005

i

Our Project …Our Project …

i

Shinayanaka principles

Oriental dialectics

Sociological underpinning

ShinayakanaShinayakana しなやかな しなやかな

　　 Systems PrinciplesSystems Principles Perception of systems

multiplicity Nonlinear reductionism Integrated assessments Expanding and deepening

one’s insight into the system

iAgency

Action

Structure enrich

unpack

Knowledge construction Technology innovation

Scientific Dimension

ImaginationIntelligence

InterventionIntegration

Systemic Knowledge

Social Dimension

Creative Dimension

Issues, Problems

Involvement

i

ii System System

Cognitive-mental front

Scientific-actual front

Social-relational front

Three Fronts as StructureThree Fronts as Structure科学

認知社会

Structure ComplexityStructure Complexity

Coherent and plural Complementarities and tensions Profound and ambiguous Enduring and emergent

Structure complexity provides opportunities for innovation & change

Structure systemic contexts

SA Front 科学

CM Front 認知

SR Front 社会Established theory, technology artifact, broader context

Norms, values, expectations, legitimacy

‘Normal science’, habitus, schema, routine, language

ii33 as Multidimensional Agency as Multidimensional Agency

Intelligence理

Imagination想 Involvement

縁

Scientific-actual front

科学

Cognitive-mental front

認知Social-

relational front

社会

Agency ComplexityAgency Complexity

Inherited vs. earned Mutually enforcing vs. denying Enduring vs. emerging Positioning vs. realised Individual vs. collective The ‘agency of others’

Agency complexity allows actors act differently

Agency complexity enable actors act differently

Intelligence 理

Imagination 想

Involvement 縁Post-rationality,

intuition, ignorance, innocence

A-rationality, interest, emotion, social capital/skill

Rationality, experience, logic, technical skills

Structure, Agency & ActionStructure, Agency & ActionStructure

complexity opportunities

for innovation

SA Front 科学

SR Front 社会Established theory, technology artifact, broader context

Norms, values, expectations, legitimacy

‘Normal science’, habitus, schema, routine, language

Agency complexity enable actors act differently

Intelligence 理

Imagination 想

Involvement 縁Post-rationality,

intuition, ignorance, innocence

A-rationality, interest, emotion, social capital/skill

Rationality, experience, logic, technical skills

CM Front 認知

What, and how, actors do?Social action

What do Actors Do in What do Actors Do in Knowledge Construction?Knowledge Construction?

Selective attention Recognition/match of

type/experience Transpose rules/schemas

to new circumstances Appropriate repertoires

to ‘get things done’

SA Front 科学

Intelligence 理

Established theory, technology artifact, broader context

Rationality, experience, logic, technical skills

Rational-inertial

Enhance existing ways and contexts of seeing/doing things

What do Actors Do in What do Actors Do in Knowledge Construction?Knowledge Construction?

Anticipatory identification Narrative construction

(scenarios?) Spin out alternative

trajectories (road-maps?) Experimental enactment

CM Front 認知

Imagination 想Post-rationality,

intuition, ignorance, innocence

‘Normal science’, habitus, schema, routine, language

A-rational- projective

Alter existing ways and contexts of seeing/doing things

What do Actors Do in What do Actors Do in Knowledge Construction?Knowledge Construction?

Problematisation Enrolment Deliberation Institutionalisation

SR Front 社会

Involvement 縁

Norms, values, expectations, legitimacy

A-rationality, interest, emotion, social capital/skill

Practical-evaluative

Reconfigure ways and contexts of seeing/doing things

Complementary

Enduring

PerformativeFallible

InheritedMutually supportive

Competing

Emerging

InnovativeEffective

EarnedMutually antagonistic

Structure continuums

Action continuums

Agency continuums

Structure, Agency and ActiStructure, Agency and Action Complexitieson Complexities

A ‘What’ View ofA ‘What’ View ofKnowledge ConstructionKnowledge Construction

SA Front 科学 CM Front 認知 SR Front 社会

Intelligence 理 Imagination 想 Involvement 縁

Inertial Projective Evaluative

Established theory, technology artifact, broader context

Norms, values, expectations, legitimacy

Post-rationality, intuition, ignorance innocence

A-rationality, interest, emotion, social capital/skill

Rationality, experience, logic, technical skills

‘Normal science’, habitus, schema, routine, language

Structure systemic contexts

Agency transformative

capability

Action knowledge

construction

Game configuration

Structure

Agency

Modify

Revise

Structuration

Agentisation

Operationalised

Transpose

inform activate

Game models

Inertial

Projective

Practical

Strategies

Nature of the game

Generate

Co-determine

PayoffsOutcome

Linked, multiple games

Key Features of Key Features of Evolutionary GamingEvolutionary Gaming

Reconciles freedom of human agency and constraints of social structure

Structure and agency interact via situated gaming Actors pursue own interests but need to consider others Game configuration vs. game models Nature of the game shapes strategies Multiple, linked games across domains Payoffs modify game configuration and models No complete knowledge is assumed, learning is the key Transforming both structure and agency in long term

DimensionalityW: Material-tech. S: Mental-cognitive R: Social-relational

Complexity

Enduring / emerging Complementary / competing

Duality

Medium / Outcome

WSR Agency

DimensionalityW: PerformativeS: ReflexiveR: Positional

Complexity

Inherited / earned Reinforcing / mutual denying

Duality

Producer / Product

WSR Actions

W: InertialS: ProjectiveR: Practical

Dimensionality

Complexity

Routinely / strategic Fallible / effective

Structure complexity provides diverse op

portunities

Agency complexity enables varying strat

egies

Action complexity brings structure and agency in

to interplayKnowledge construction transforms structure over time

Knowledge construction transforms agency o

ver time

Structuration as

embodiment of knowledge

Agentisation as

embodiment of learning

Duality

Reproduction / Transformation

WSR Structure

A Process View of A Process View of Knowledge ConstructionKnowledge Construction

How to search for broad and balanced agency while at the same time materialise my/our distinct advantage in a particular agency disposal?

How to adjust between various orientations of action as situational contingency unfolds?

Applied ResearchApplied ResearchTo researchers

Applied ResearchApplied Research

How to sensitise researchers toward structure-agency-action complexities?

How to recruit and train for various kinds of agency and nurture different temporal-relational contexts so as to facilitate and support robust actions?

To managers

How to reform social institutions and practices, e.g., education, in order to reconstruct the agency of citizens?

How to innovate suitable policies/systems for different industries/sectors which may demand different combinations of agency as well as contexts?

Applied ResearchApplied ResearchTo policy-makers

How to heighten our political sensitivity so as to take socially informed KM actions?

How to ensure KM benefits the good for all, for both Human and Nature?

How to enlarge our KM horizon so that knowledge creation and application is wuli workable, shili feasible and renli acceptable?

Applied ResearchApplied ResearchTo all stakeholders