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COLEGIUL NAŢIONAL „MIHAIL KOGĀLNICEANU”

CANDIDAT, COORDONATOR,Gheorghica Mihaela Alexa!ra "RO#$

%CORŢARU IRINA

G A L A Ţ I MAI &'()

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I thin' that recreational and leisure in$ol$ement promotes health () pro$iding a

 (uffer for stress and creating a sense of (alance. #or instance* leisure acti$ities can

gi$e people a (rea' from a stressful situation.

I ha$e chosen this topic (ecause spare time can (e $ie+ed as acti$ities that +e

engage in for reasons as $aried as rela,ation* competition* or gro+th and ma)include reading for pleasure* painting* and participating in sports. Recreational

acti$ities ha$e the potential to increase social in$ol$ement and friendships in man)

+a)s* for man) recreational acti$ities* such as pla)ing cards or (eing on a sports

team* need the in$ol$ement of others.

In m) spare time I li'e to spend time +ith m) friends* go out* read or $isit ne+

 places. -) fa$ourite sport* +hich I practice +hen I go on trips is s+imming. I li'e

it (ecause I thin' it is the most rela,ing one and also has man) (enefits for the

 (od)* for health in general. istening to music is the (est +a) to detach from dail)

 pro(lems. -) fa$ourite st)le of music is pop and I li'e to listen to songs

 performed () /ustin Tim(erla'e* Selena Gome0 or Ariana Grande. In terms of 

going out +ith m) friends* I prefer going to the cinema* eating in different pu(s*

shopping +ith girls or 1ust meeting them in one of our places and pla)ing cards.

suall)* on summer holida)s I $isit Ital) (ecause m) parents +or' there. -)

fa$ourite place there is #ontana di Tre$i4* Porta de la "erita4 and the Colloseum.

"atican is also a nice place to $isit* the cathedral is large and impressi$e. The

holida)s are also a good time to spend +ith m) famil) 5 for Easter +e ma'e ca'es*

 paint eggs and go to church to ta'e light. #or Christmas* +e adorn the Christmas

tree* e,change presents and tighten the +hole famil) at the traditional Christmasmeal.

There are so man) +a)s to spend our free time* (ut the most important is to rela,*

to ha$e fun and do +hat +e reall) li'e.

CHAPTER I. The meaning of spare time

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Leisre* or free time* is time spent a+a) from (usiness* +or' * domestic chores*

and education. It also e,cludes time spent on necessar) acti$ities such as eating

and sleeping.

The distinction (et+een leisure and una$oida(le acti$ities is not a rigidl) defined

one* e.g. people sometimes do +or'5oriented tas's for pleasure as +ell as for long5

term utilit). A distinction ma) also (e dra+n (et+een free time and leisure. #or 

e,ample* Situationist International maintains that free time is illusor) and rarel)

free6 economic and social forces appropriate free time from the indi$idual and sell

it (ac' to them  as the commodit) 'no+n as 7leisure7. Certainl) most people8s

leisure acti$ities are not a completel) free choice* and ma) (e constrained () social

 pressures* e.g. people ma) (e coerced into spending time gardening () the need to

'eep up +ith the standard of neigh(ouring gardens.

A related concept is that of social leisure* +hich in$ol$es leisurel) acti$ities in a

social settings* such as e,tracurricular acti$ities* e.g. sports* clu(s. eisure studies

and sociolog) of leisure are the academic disciplines concerned +ith the stud) and

anal)sis of leisure.

CHAPTER II. C!tra! "ifferen#es

GI Card Game* 9atercolor () /ames Polloc'* . S. Arm) "ietnam Com(at Artists

Team I" :CAT I" ;<=>?. @uring the "ietnam 9ar soldiers +aiting to go on patrol+ould sometimes spend their leisure time pla)ing cards. Courtes)  ational

-useum of the nited States Arm).

Time a$aila(le for leisure $aries from one societ) to the ne,t* although

anthropologists ha$e found that hunter5gatherers tend to ha$e significantl) more

leisure time than people in more comple, societies. As a result* (and societies such

as the Shoshone of the Great asin came across as e,traordinaril) la0) to European

colonialists.

9or'aholics are those +ho +or' compulsi$el) at the e,pense of other acti$ities.The) prefer to +or' rather than spend time sociali0ing and engaging in other 

leisure acti$ities. -en generall) ha$e more leisure time than +omen. In Europe

and the nited States* gro+n up men usuall) ha$e (et+een one and nine hours

more leisure time than +omen do each +ee'.

CHAPTER III.

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Spare time in Great Britain

The +ee'ends are a time for families in ritain. Bften the parents are not at +or' 

ha$ing +or'ed a fi$e da) +ee' from -onda) to #rida). Saturda)s are a (us) time

for shops +ith man) families going shopping.

Sunda)s used to (e a $er) special da) of the +ee' in ritain. It +as the one da) of 

the +ee' for 8+orship and rest8. The shops +ere closed and most people +ere at

home or at church. Popular leisure acti$ities on Sunda) used to (e going to church

and doing odd 1o(s around the home such as gardening and @I. ntil a fe+ )ears

ago shops +ere not permitted to open on a Sunda). Sunda)s toda) are (ecoming

li'e an) other da) other +ee' +ith shops open. Some families +ill no+ spend their 

time shopping rather than going to church or the) +ill com(ine the t+o acti$ities.

ritain is (ecoming a far less Christian countr) +ith fe+er people regularl)

attending Church. -an) Christian8s (elie$e that Sunda) should (e 'ept special* asa time gi$en to +orshipping God. The) thin' it is important for Christians to meet

together* listen to readings from the i(le and cele(rate Hol) Communion. Bthers

 (elie$e that it is important that families ha$e time to (e together. :The shopping

hours on a Sunda) are less than on an) other da) of the +ee'.? People en1o)

$arious indoor and outdoor acti$ities in ritain.

An Euro state sur$e)* the E8s statistical office* disco$ered that people in ritain

spend a(out !%D of their free time +atching tele$ision* 2!D of their free time

sociali0ing* 22523D on sport and ho((ies* and ;D on other acti$ities. Bther  popular leisure acti$ities are listening to the radio* listening to pre5recorded music*

reading* @I* gardening* eating out and going to the cinema.

Spare time in Ameri#a

It +ouldn8t (e technicall) correct to sa) Americans +ere using their free time to do

7nothing.7 The t+o most popular acti$ities found in the sur$e)* +ere sleeping and

+atching tele$ision. 9atching T" +as the one leisure acti$it) that occupied the

most time :2.F hours per da)?* +hich accounts for a(out half of leisure time on

a$erage. 2; percent of men chose to spend their free time participating in sports* asopposed to ;= percent of +omen. -en still spent more time doing these leisurel)

acti$ities than +omen 55 2. hours compared +ith ;.! hours.

CHAPTER I". Genera! $ree Time A#ti%ities

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&'Go to the #inema5 to see Holl)+ood (loc'(uster mo$ies* oll)+ood mo$ies

:from India?* art films* animated films. #ilms are a ma1or form of entertainment*

although not all films ha$e entertainment as

their primar) purpose documentar) film*

for e,ample* aims to create a record or inform* although the t+o purposes often

+or' together.

-o$ies are alread) part of one 1ourne)* as a

matter of fact6 there are some +ho (elie$es

that mo$ies are 1ust screen :and e$en digital?

$ersions of their o+n li$es. i'e music* some mo$ies depict the true emotions of 

the creators6 it could sometimes (e a rema'e of real life e$ents or a(out a person

+ildest dreams. There are e$en some horror films +hich are too realistic that some

 people feel as if its alread) tellingthe stor) of their li$es.

9atching mo$ies is also one of the most popular ho((ies of people +orld+ide and

 people go to the cinema to see the latest ne+s regarding mo$ie industr). #ilms re5

imagine entertainment from other forms* turning stories* (oo's and pla)s* for 

e,ample* into ne+ entertainments. The Story of Film* a documentar) a(out the

histor) of film* gi$es a sur$e) of glo(al achie$ements and inno$ations in the

medium* as +ell as changes in the conception of film5ma'ing. It demonstrates that

+hile some films* particularl) those in the Holl)+ood  tradition that com(ines7realism and melodramatic  romanticism7* are intended as a form of escapism*

others reuire a deeper engagement or more thoughtful response from their 

audiences. #or e,ample* the a+ard +inning Senegalese film  Xala  ta'es

go$ernment corruption as its theme. Charlie Chaplin8s film The Great Dictator  +as

a (ra$e and inno$ati$e parod)* also on a political theme. Stories that are thousands

of )ears old* such as  Noah* ha$e (een re5interpreted in film* appl)ing familiar 

literar) de$ices such as allegor) and personification +ith ne+ techniues such as

CGI to e,plore (ig themes such as 7human foll)7* good and e$il* courage and

despair* lo$e* faith* and death 5 themes +hich ha$e (een a main5sta) of 

entertainment across all its forms.

(' Listening to msi# 

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-usic is also a uni$ersal and popular t)pe of 

entertainment on its o+n* constituting an

entire performance such as +hen concerts

are gi$en. @epending on the rh)thm*

instrument* performance and st)le* music isdi$ided into man) genres* such as classical*

 1a00* fol' * roc' * pop music or traditional.

Music is thought to (e the first form of art

to (e (orn* and throughout the long histor)

of human* it has pro$ed to pla) an essential part in our li$es. Hardl) is there

an)one +ho has ne$er listened to a song.

Usuall)* people listen to music to entertain themsel$es. It is (e)ond an) dou(t that

after hard +or'ing hours* music is the (est 8medicine8 for our tired (rains* as it

some+hat helps to eliminate stress and pressure. -a)(e that is +h) music can (e pla)ed e$er)+here6 e$er)one* after +or'ing and stud)ing* reall) needs music to

refill their po+er.

It has (een scientificall) pro$en that listening to music can help alter oneJs state of 

mind.The mindset that a person has +hile listening to a ne+ song for the first time

essentiall) lea$es a timestamp in their (rain as the) process the rh)thms of the

music and l)rics of the song. If that first timestamp is associated +ith a strong

emotion li'e lo$e* anger* hatred* frustration or sadness* the song +ould e$o'e the

same 'ind of feeling in the listener e$er) time the) listen to the song. That is thereason +h) listening to particular songs ta'es us do+n memor) lane.

A more po+erful aspect of music is that it profoundl) affects our sensation* or 

feelings. This can (e seen from the roots of 'inds of music. Roc' music +as

created mostl) to reflect anger* +hereas (allads must ha$e come out from romantic

lo$e stories* or from a painful heart. So* music is the reflection of our emotions. 9e

listen to music +hen +e are glad of sad* and it (oth cases* it influenced us. 9hen

feeling alone or upset* I onl) +ant to listen to m) fa$ourite songs and (e dro+ned

in it. -usic* in this sense* can (e a good friend* +ho gentl) heals our souls. ames

such as  The eatles* the Rolling Stones* ed Keppelin* Pin' #lo)d* Elton /ohn*George -ichael and The Spice Girls are 'no+n +orld +ide (ut little do people

'no+ of our other musicians not in the pop +orld.

)'Games

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Games  are pla)ed for entertainmentLsometimes purel) for entertainment*

sometimes for achie$ement or re+ard as +ell. The) can (e pla)ed alone* in teams*

or online6 () amateurs or () professionals. The pla)ers ma) ha$e an audience of 

non5pla)ers* such as +hen people are entertained () +atching a chess

championship. Bn the other hand* pla)ers in a game ma) constitute their o+naudience as the) ta'e their turn to pla). Bften* part of the entertainment for 

children pla)ing a game is deciding +ho +ill (e part of their audience and +ho

+ill (e a pla)er.

oard games* such as Go*  Monopoly or backgammon need a (oard and mar'ers.

Card games* such as +hist*  po'er   and ridge ha$e long (een pla)ed as e$ening

entertainment among friends. #or these games* all that is needed is a dec' of 

 pla)ing cards. Bther games* such as (ingo* pla)ed +ith numerous strangers* ha$e

 (een organi0ed to in$ol$e the participation of non5pla)ers $ia gam(ling. -an) are

geared for children* and can (e pla)ed outdoors* including hopscotch* hide andsee' * or lind man8s (luff . The list of (all games is uite e,tensi$e. It includes* for 

e,ample* crouet* la+n (o+ling and paint(all as +ell as man) sports using $arious

forms of  (alls. The options cater to a +ide range of s'ill and fitness le$els.

Ph)sical games can de$elop agilit) and competence in motor s'ills. um(er games

such as Sudo'u  and pu00le games li'e the Ru(i'8s cu(e  can de$elop mental

 pro+ess. "ideo games are pla)ed using a controller to create results on a screen.

The) can also (e pla)ed online +ith participants 1oining in remotel).

S*ash  is a racuet sport pla)ed () t+o :singles? or four pla)ers :dou(les? in afour5+alled court +ith a small* hollo+ ru((er (all. The pla)ers must alternate in

stri'ing the (all +ith their racuet and hit

the (all onto the pla)a(le surfaces of the

four +alls of the court. The game +as

formerl) called suash racuets* a

reference to the 7suasha(le7 soft (all

used in the game :compared +ith the

harder (all used in its parent game

racuets?.

England8s national sport is #ri#+et although* to man) people* foot(all :soccer? is

seen as our national sport. #oot(all is our most popular sport. Some of England8s

foot(all teams are +orld famous* the most famous (eing -anchester nited*

Arsenal and i$erpool. Cric'et is pla)ed on $illage greens and in to+nsMcities on

Sunda)s from April to August. The rules of cric'et (ecame the responsi(ilit)* in

the ;Fth centur)* of the -ar)le(one Cric'et Clu( :-CC?* (ased at ordJs cric'et

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ground in north ondon.

Teams are made up of ;; pla)ers each. The) pla) +ith a (all slightl) smaller than a

 (ase(all and a (at shaped li'e a paddle. T+o (atters stand in front of +ic'ets* set

a(out 2 meters apart. Each +ic'et consists of three +ooden rods :stumps? pushedinto the ground* +ith t+o small pieces of +ood :(ails? (alanced on top. A mem(er 

of the opposing team :the (o+ler? thro+s the (all to+ards one of the (atters* +ho

must hit the (all so that it does not 'noc' a (ail off the +ic'et. If the (all tra$els far 

enough* the t+o (atters run (ac' and forth (et+een the +ic'ets +hile the fielders

on the opposing team tr) to catch the (all. The game is scored according to the

num(er of runs* +hich is the num(er of times the (atters e,change places.

$oot,a!! -So##er.

#oot(all is undou(tedl) the most popular sport and has (een pla)ed for hundreds

of )ears. Hundreds of thousands of people also pla) foot(all in par's and pla)grounds 1ust for fun.

Rg,/

It is similar to foot(all* (ut pla)ed +ith an o$al (all. Pla)ers can carr) the (all and

tac'le each other. The (est rug() teams compete in the Super eague final each

Septem(er.

#or man) )ears Rug() +as onl) pla)ed () the rich upper classes* (ut no+ it is

 popular all o$er the countr). There are t+o different t)pes of rug() 5 Rug()eague* pla)ed mainl) in the north of England* and Rug() nion* pla)ed in the

rest of England* Scotland* 9ales and Ireland. England* Scotland* 9ales and

Ireland* together +ith #rance and Ital)* pla) in an annual tournament called the Si,

 ations. American #oot(all deri$ed from our game of Rug() also ase(all deri$ed

from the old English game of Rounders;.

Tennis

The +orld8s most famous tennis tournament is 9im(ledon.  It started at a small

clu( in south ondon in the nineteenth centur). -illions of people +atch the

Championships on T" li$e. It is traditional for $isitors to eat stra+(erries andcream +hilst the) +atch the tennis.

Net,a!!

1 Ron"ers is a (at5and5(all game pla)ed (et+een t+o teams.

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This sport is pla)ed almost e,clusi$el) () +omen and girls* although male

 participation has increased in recent )ears.

Go!f 

Scotland is traditionall) regarded as the home of golf.   There are o$er ! golf courses in Scotland alone. The most important golf clu( in Scotland is in the

seaside to+n of St. Andre+s* near @undee.

Horse ra#ing

Horseracing* the sport of Nings is a $er) popular sport +ith meetings (eing held

e$er) da) throughout the )ear. Horse racing and gre)hound racing 2are popular 

spectator sports. People can place (ets on the races at legal off5trac' (etting shops.

Some of the (est5'no+n horse races are held in Ascot* e+mar'et* Good+ood and

Epsom.

Po!o

Another euestrian sport is polo* (rought from India

in the ;<th Centur) () arm) officers. It is the fastest

 (all sport in the +orld. The fastest (all sport in the

+orld* it is pla)ed +ith four men on horses to a team.

A (all is hit +ith a stic' to+ards the goal* one at each

end of a 3 )ard long () ;= )ard +ide field. A

game consists of ! to = periods called 4chu''as4* a

chu''a is > minutes long. Teams change ends eachtime a goal is scored. It can (e pla)ed () men and +omen of an) standard. The

handicap s)stem goes from 52 at the (ottom to the $er) (est at ;. In handicap

tournaments the num(er of goals start is o(tained () multipl)ing the difference

 (et+een the t+o teams8 total handicaps () the num(er of chu''as to (e pla)ed and

then di$iding () =. There are usuall) t+o umpires on ponies on the field* and a

third man* the referee* on the side line.

 

Ta,!e Tennis -ping pong.

Ta(le tennis +as in$ented in England in ;FF' It (egan +ith Cam(ridge ni$ersit)

students using cigar (o,es and champagne cor's.Although the game originated in England* ritish pla)ers don8t ha$e much luc' in

international championships.

2 The Gre/hon" is a $er) old European (reed of  dog* a sighthound +hich has (een historicall)

 (red for coursing game and latterl) Gre)hound racing.

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Ba"minton

adminton ta'es its name from the @u'e of eaufortJs countr) home* adminton

House* +here the sport +as first pla)ed in the ;<th centur).

$ishing -Ang!ing.Angling is one of the most popular sports in the N* +ith an estimated 3.3 million

 people participating in the sport on a regular (asis. #ishermen can (e seen sitting

 (eside ri$ers and la'es.

Bo0!s

The t+o main forms of (o+ls are la+n flat green :outdoor and indoor? and cro+n

green.

Bo1ing

o,ing in its modern form is (ased on the rules esta(lished () the -aruess of Oueens(err) in ;F=%.

S0imming

S+imming is also a popular pastime and en1o)ed () people of all ages.

Martia! arts

"arious martial arts* mainl) deri$ed from the #ar East* are practice such as 1udo

and 'arate.

2arts

@arts is a $er) popular pu( game. The origins of the game date (ac' to at least the

-iddle Ages.

3' Rea"ing

Reading has (een a source of entertainment for a $er) long time* especiall) +hen

other forms* such as performance entertainments*

+ere either una$aila(le or too costl). E$en +hen the

 primar) purpose of the +riting is to inform or 

instruct* reading is +ell 'no+n for its capacit) todistract from e$er)da) +orries. oth stories and

information ha$e (een passed on through the

tradition of oralit) and oral traditions sur$i$e in the

form of performance poetr) for e,ample. Ho+e$er*

the) ha$e drasticall) declined. 7Bnce literac) had arri$ed in strength* there +as no

return to the oral prerogati$e.7

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Comics and cartoons are literar) genres that use dra+ings or graphics* usuall) in

com(ination +ith te,t* to con$e) an entertaining narrati$e. -an) contemporar)

comics ha$e elements of fantas) and are produced () companies that are part of 

the entertainment industr). Bthers ha$e uniue authors +ho offer a more personal*

 philosophical $ie+ of the +orld and the pro(lems people face. Comics a(outsuperheroes such as Superman are of the first t)pe.

Reading is important (ecause it de$elops the mind. The mind is a muscle. It needs

e,ercise. nderstanding the +ritten +ord is one +a) the mind gro+s in its a(ilit).

It helps to disco$er ne+ things. Reading de$elops the imagination  and is

fundamental in de$eloping a good self image. onreaders or poor readers often

ha$e lo+ opinions of themsel$es and their a(ilities. -an) times the) feel as if the

+orld is against them. The) feel isolated and (eha$ior pro(lems can surface.

Some of the most 'no+ (ritish +riters are /oseph Addison* -atthe+ Arnold* /ane

Austen* ord #rancis acon* ede* Apra ehn* 9illiam la'e* the ront sistersand Ro(ert ro+ning .The children are more interested in S# (oo's li'e 4School's

Out” by Scott ! "n#re$s or ”The long %arth” by Stephen &ater!

4' Come"/

Comed) is (oth a genre of entertainment

and a component of it* pro$iding laughter 

and amusement* +hether the comed) is

the sole purpose or used as a form of contrast in an other+ise serious piece. It

is a $alued contri(utor to man) forms of 

entertainment* including in literature*

theatre* opera* film and games.

Sha'espeare +rote se$enteen comedies +hich use man) of the techniues still

called upon () performers and +riters of comed)* such as 1o'es* puns* parod)* +it*

o(ser$ational humor  or the une,pected effect of iron). Bne5liner 1o'es and satire

are also used to comedic effect in literature. In farce* the comed) is a primar)

 purpose.

The meaning of the +ord 7comed)7 and the audience8s e,pectations of it ha$e

changed o$er time and $ar) according to culture. Simple ph)sical comed) such as

slapstic'  is entertaining to a (road range of people of all ages. Ho+e$er* as cultures

 (ecome more sophisticated* national nuances appear in the st)le and references so

that +hat is amusing in one culture ma) (e unintelligi(le in another.

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5' 2an#ing

The man) forms of dance pro$ide entertainment for all age

groups and cultures. Since it com(ines man) forms of 

entertainment Q music* mo$ement* stor)telling* theatre Q it pro$ides a good e,ample of the $arious +a)s that these forms

can (e com(ined to create entertainment for different

 purposes and audiences.

-an) fol' dances  :such as Scottish Highland dancing  and

Irish dancing?* ha$e e$ol$ed into competitions* +hich ()

adding to their audiences* has increased their entertainment

$alue. 7Irish dance theatre* +hich sometimes features traditional Irish steps and

music* has de$eloped into a ma1or dance form +ith an international reputation.7

@ances can (e performed solo* in pairs* in groups or () massed performers. The)

might (e impro$ised or highl) choreographed spontaneous for personal

entertainment* :such as +hen children (egin dancing for themsel$es?6 a pri$ate

audience* a pa)ing audience* a +orld audience or an audience interested in a

 particular dance genre. Entertaining the audience is a normal part of dance (ut its

 ph)sicalit) often also produces 1o) for the dancers themsel$es.

-orris @ance is a traditional English form of fol' dancing* performed () groups of 

men or +omen. It has (een danced for hundreds of )ears* and passed do+n throughthe generations in the $illages of rural England. The dances are usuall) performed

at festi$als such as -a) @a)* 9hitsun3 and Christmas. There are se$eral thoughts

to the origins of -orris @ancing. The name ma) refer to the possi(ilit) of the form

of dancing coming to England from the -oors of orth Africa6 or it ma) ha$e

 (een called 8-oor5ish8 simpl) (ecause the dancers sometimes painted their faces

 (lac'* and people compared this to the dar'5s'inned -oors. The -orris @ancers

hold han'ies in their hands* or stic's* and ha$e (ell5pads tied at their 'nees* +hich

ma'e a loud and cheerful rh)thm as the) dance.

6' C/#!ingC)cling* also called (ic)cling or (i'ing* is the use of  (ic)cles  for transport*

recreation* or for sport. Persons engaged in c)cling are referred to as 7c)clists7*

7(i'ers7* or less commonl)* as 7(ic)clists7. Apart from t+o5+heeled (ic)cles*

3 7hitsn :also 7hitsn"a/* 7hit Sn"a/ or 7hit? is the name used in the N and Ireland for the

Christian festi$al of Pentecost* the se$enth Sunda) after Easter * +hich commemorates the descent of the

Hol) Spirit upon Christ8s disciples.

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7c)cling7 also includes the riding of unic)cles* tric)cles* uadrac)cles* and similar 

human5po+ered $ehicles :HP"s?.

ic)cles +ere introduced in the ;<th centur) and no+ num(er a(out one (illion

+orld+ide. The) are the principal means of transportation in man) parts of the +orld.

C)cling is +idel) regarded as a $er) effecti$e

and efficient mode of transportation optimal for 

short to moderate distances. ic)cles pro$ide

numerous (enefits () comparison +ith motor 

$ehicles* including the sustained ph)sical

e,ercise necessaril) in$ol$ed in c)cling* that c)cling in$ol$es a reduced

consumption of fossil fuels* less air   or noise pollution* much reduced traffic

congestion* easier par'ing* greater maneu$era(ilit)* and access to (oth roads and

 paths. The ad$antages also include reduced financial cost to the user as +ell as tosociet) at large :negligi(le damage to roads* less road area reuired?. ) fitting

 (ic)cle rac's on the front of (usses* transit agencies can significantl) increase the

areas the) can ser$e. 

Bi#/#!e Toring

ic)cles are used for recreation at all ages. ic)cle touring* also 'no+n as

c)clotourism* in$ol$es touring and e,ploration or sightseeing () (ic)cle for 

leisure. A (re$et or randonne !is an organi0ed long5distance ride.

Organi8e" ri"es-an) c)cling clu(s  hold organi0ed rides in +hich (ic)clists of all le$els

 participate. The t)pical organi0ed ride starts +ith a large group of riders* called the

mass* (unch or e$en peloton. This +ill thin out o$er the course of the ride. -an)

riders choose to ride together in groups of the same s'ill le$el to ta'e ad$antage of 

drafting.

-ost organi0ed rides* for e,ample c)closporti$es  :or gran fondos?* Challenge

Rides or relia(ilit) trials* and hill clim(s include registration reuirements and +ill

 pro$ide information either through the mail or online concerning start times and

other reuirements. Rides usuall) consist of se$eral different routes* sorted ()mileage* and +ith a certain num(er of rest stops that usuall) include refreshments*

first aid and maintenance tools. Routes can $ar) () as much as ; miles

:;= 'm?.

4 Ran"onnering is a long5distance c)cling sport.

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9' E*itation is the art or practice of horse riding or horsemanship.

-ore specificall)* euitation ma) refer to a rider8s

 position +hile mounted* and encompasses a rider8s

a(ilit) to ride correctl) and +ith effecti$e aids. In

horse sho+  competition* the rider* rather than thehorse is e$aluated. Such classes go () different

names* depending on region* including e(uitation

classes* ri#er classes* or horsemanship classes!

/udging criteria co$ers the rider8s performance and

control of the horse* use of riding aids* proper attire*

correct form* and usuall) factor in rider poise and

the cleanliness and polish of horse* rider and

euipment. The performance of the horse is not

 1udged  per se%* (ut a poorl) performing horse is

considered to reflect the a(ilit) of the rider. Euitation classes occur in the Huntseat* Saddle seat* @ressage* and 9estern disciplines. A good euitation rider is

al+a)s in (alance +ith the horse* maintains a correct position in e$er) gait*

mo$ement* or o$er a fence* and possesses a commanding* (ut rela,ed* presence*

a(le to direct the horse +ith nearl) in$isi(le aids.

:' Cir#s

A circus* descri(ed as 7one of the most

 (ra0en of entertainment forms7* is a specialt)pe of theatrical performance* in$ol$ing

acro(atics  and often performing animals*

usuall) thought of as a tra$elling sho+*

although permanent $enues ha$e also (een

used. Children are attracted for the magic spectacles (ecause the) +ant to see the

tric's +ith animals (ut especiall) the clo+ns.

&&' Magi#

The form of entertainment 'no+n as stage magic or con1uring and recogni0a(le as performance* is (ased

on traditions and te,ts of magical rites and dogmas

that ha$e (een a part of most cultural traditions

since ancient times.

5  per se :terminolog)?* a atin phrase meaning 7in itself7.

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Stage magic is performed for an audience in a $ariet) of media and locations on

stage* on tele$ision* in the street* and li$e at parties or e$ents. It is often com(ined

+ith other forms of entertainment* such as comed) or music and sho+manship is

often an essential part of magic performances. Performance magic relies ondeception* ps)chological manipulation* sleight of hand and other forms of tric'er)

to gi$e an audience the illusion that a performer can achie$e the impossi(le.

#antas) magicians ha$e held an important place in literature for centuries* offering

entertainment to millions of readers. #amous +i0ards such as -erlin  in the

Arthurian legends ha$e (een +ritten a(out since the %th and =th centuries* +hile in

the 2;st centur)* the )oung +i0ard Harr) Potter  (ecame a glo(al entertainment

 phenomenon +hen the (oo' series a(out him sold a(out !% million copies*

ma'ing it the (est5selling (oo' series in histor).

Hence* the relationship (et+een spectator and participant* unli'e entertainments proper* is Parades generall) impress and delight* often () including unusual*

colorful costumes. Sometimes the) also commemorate or cele(rate. Sometimes

the) ha$e a serious purpose* such as +hen the conte,t is militar* +hen the intention

is sometimes to intimidate6 or religious* +hen the audience might participate or 

ha$e a role to pla) . E$en if a parade = uses ne+ technolog) and is some distance

a+a) * it is li'el) to ha$e a strong appeal* dra+ the attention of onloo'ers and

entertain them.

&(' $ire0or+s

#ire+or's are a part of man) pu(lic entertainments and ha$e retained an enduring

 popularit) since the) (ecame a 7cro+ning feature of ela(orate cele(rations7 in the

;>th centur). #irst used in China* classical antiuit) and Europe for militar)

 purposes* fire+or's +ere most popular in the ;Fth centur) and high prices +ere

 paid for p)rotechnists>* especiall) the s'illed Italian ones* +ho +ere summoned to

other countries to organi0e displa)s.

onfire ight is cele(rated all o$er the N*

ho+e$er* this page 1ust refers to England* as this

6 A para"e :also called mar#h or mar#hpast? is a procession of people* usuall) organi0ed along a street*

often in costume* and often accompanied () marching (ands* floats or sometimes large (alloons.

7 P/rote#hni#s is the science of using materials capa(le of undergoing self5contained and self5sustained

e,othermic chemical reactions for the production of heat* light* gas* smo'e andMor sound. Its et)molog)

stems from the Gree' +ords p)ro meaning 7fire7 and te'hni'os 7made () art.

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is +here our students li$e. E$er) )ear on %th o$em(er* the anni$ersar) of the

Gunpo+der Plot* Gu) #a+'es is remem(ered. @uring the da)s (efore onfire

 ight* children used to ta'e their home5made gu)s out on the street and as' for 7a

 penn) for the Gu)7 for fire+or's. onfire ight is the most +idespread and

flourishing of all ritish customs. The da) +as declared a holida) () decree of Parliament after Parliament +as sa$ed from (eing (lo+n up () Gu) #a+'es in the

Gunpo+der Plot of ;=%. ntil ;F%<* all parish churches +ere reuired to hold

ser$ices this da).

&)' Shopping

The main shopping street in man) to+ns is called the High

Street. A fe+ small shops are o+ned () local people* (ut

most are o+ned () national 8chains8 of stores. Some to+ns

also ha$e street mar'ets +here fresh food and cheap goodscan (e (ought. A+a) from the to+n centre* small 8corner8

shops pro$ide groceries to local customers.

Pea' shopping da)s are Saturda)s and Sunda)s.

Shops are generall) open on an' Holida)s. an' 

Holida)s are a great time to shop as there are man) sales

on especiall) around Easter and Christmas. In England*

most retail shops are generall) open = or > da)s a +ee' 

and large supermar'ets are open for 2! hours e,cept for 

Sunda)s.

&3' P,s

Going to the pu( is the most popular leisure acti$it) outside the home.

Generall) spea'ing* America has more of a (ar scene than a pu( culture.

Particularl) popular is the sports (ar* +here thousands of giant T" screens

simultaneousl) (roadcast (illions of seemingl) ne$er5ending games. Such places

are ro+d)* loud and full of frat (ros loaded on light (eer. ritish pu(s are uiet*

rela,ing en$ironments* and although there are pu(s in

America* the) donJt ser$e the same function as the) do inthe .N. This is (ecause rits occup) pu(s in the same

+a) Americans occup) coffee shops. rits +ill happil) go

to a pu( during the da) :+ithout fear of 1udgment? to +or'*

read* ta'e meetings or simpl) en1o) a drin'.

&4' $esti%a!s an" para"es

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Har$est #esti$al is a cele(ration of the food

gro+n on the land. Than'sgi$ing ceremonies

and cele(rations for a successful har$est are

 (oth +orld+ide and $er) ancient. Har$est#esti$al reminds Christians of all the good

things God gi$es them. This ma'es them +ant

to share +ith others +ho are not so fortunate. In

schools and in Churches* people (ring food

from home to a Har$est #esti$al Ser$ice. After the ser$ice* the food that has (een

 put on displa) is usuall) made into parcels and gi$en to people in need. nli'e the

SA and Canada* the N does not ha$e a national holida) for Har$est #esti$al.

Parades are held for a range of purposes* often more than one. 9hether their mood

is gloom) or festi$e* (eing pu(lic e$ents that are designed to attract attention andacti$ities that necessaril) di$ert normal traffic* parades ha$e a clear entertainment

$alue to their audiences. Ca$alcades  and the modern $ariant* the motorcade* are

e,amples of pu(lic processions. Some people +atching the parade or procession

ma) ha$e made a special effort to attend* +hile others (ecome part of the audience

 () happenstance. 9hate$er their mood or primar) purpose* parades attract and

entertain people +ho +atch them pass (). Bccasionall)* a parade ta'es place in an

impro$ised theatre space :such as the Trooping the Color  in? and tic'ets are sold to

the ph)sical audience +hile the glo(al audience participates $ia (roadcast.

Notting Hi!! Carni%a!

Around a million people ta'e to the streets of 

 otting Hill in 9est ondon for the otting Hill

Carni$al 5 Europe8s (iggest carni$al. #a(ulous floats

ma'e a colorful circuit of the area and sound

s)stems (last out music all da).

&5' C!,s

-an) children (elong to clu(s such as Cu( Scouts* ro+nies* o)s rigade* St

/ohns Am(ulance* /udo* Narate* dance and outh Clu(s.

Bther popular acti$ities include +atching tele$ision* pla)ing computer games*

c)cling and s'ate(oarding.

&6' Sightseeing

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#amilies en1o) going sightseeing at the +ee'ends and during the school holida)s.

There are man) statel) homes* museums* (eaches and (eautiful parts of the

countr)side to $isit.

&9' Gar"ening

-ost people ha$e a garden on their propert).

Gardening has (een a popular pastime since Roman

times. -an) people +ant their houses and gardens to

loo' nice.

&:' Te!e%ision

The most common leisure acti$it) is +atching

tele$ision. The a$erage $ie+ing time is 2% hours per 

 person per +ee'. Almost all households ha$e at least

one tele$ision set. The proportion of households using

satellite* ca(le or digital tele$ision +as !! per cent in

2<. -an) tele$ision programs are a(out +ildlife*

animals* holida)s* coo'ing and gardening.

The C channels are commercial free +hile the other three ha$e commercials.All the channels offer a mi,ture of drama* light entertainment* films* sport*

educational* childrenJs and religious programs* ne+s and current affairs* and

documentaries.

(;' Coo+ing

People li'e to coo' as the) can sho+ a creati$e side.

Also people coo' to get a+a) from the +orld and to

rela,. #or man) people* coo'ing is a ho(().

Bn Sunda)s the main meal of the da) is often eaten atmidda) instead of in the e$ening. This meal usuall) is a

Roast @inner consisting of a roast meat* )or'shire

 pudding and t+o or three 'inds of $egeta(les.

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The Sun#ay )oast Dinner

Sunda) lunch time is a t)pical time to eat the traditional

Sunda) Roast. Traditionall) it consists of roast meat*

:coo'ed in the o$en for a(out t+o hours?* t+o different

'inds of $egeta(les and potatoes +ith a or'shire

 pudding. The most common 1oints are (eef* lam( or 

 por'6 chic'en is also popular. eef is eaten +ith hot

+hite horseradish sauce* por' +ith s+eet apple sauceand lam( +ith green mint sauce. Gra$) is poured o$er the meat.

(&' Spen"ing the Ho!i"a/s

T+o5thirds of people ha$e their holida)s in /ul) and August* +hich are the most

 popular months for holida)s. Children used to +atch a Punch and /ud) sho+

:puppets? and ride don'e)s along a (each.

Europe is the most popular destination for N residents* accounting for F per cent

of $isits a(road. Spain has (een the most popular countr) to $isit since ;<<!* +ith

;3.F million $isits in 2%. #rance +as second in popularit)* +ith ;;.; million

$isits.

The num(er of $isits () N residents to the SA increased () 2 per cent in 2%

to !.2 million* = per cent higher than the num(er in 2;.The num(er of $isits

a(road made () N residents has more than tripled since ;<F%* to a record ==.!

million $isits in 2%.

The traditional meal is rarel) eaten no+ada)s*

apart from on Sunda)s. A recent sur$e) found

that most people in ritain eat curr) Rice or 

 pasta dishes are no+ fa$ored as the 8ritish

@inner8. "egeta(les gro+n in England* li'e potatoes* carrots* peas* ca((ages and onions* are

still $er) popular.

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TOP Destinations for British tourists 2005

The fi$e countries to +hich N residents

made the most $isits in 2% remainedunchanged from 2!. These +ere Spain

:;3.F million $isits in 2%?* #rance :;;.;

million $isits?* SA :!.2 million $isits?*

Irish Repu(lic :!.2 million $isits? and Ital)

:3.! million $isits?. The ne,t fi$e countries

also remained unchanged from 2!6

Greece* German)* etherlands* Portugal and

elgium.

 Popular holiday trends

&9;;<&94;

Brdinar) +or'ing people onl) had holida)s on Uhol)J da)s

:Sunda)s* Christmas* Easter?

&94;<&:;;

The creation of a national rail+a) s)stem helped ordinar) people tra$el.

&:;;<&:5;s

-ost ritons started to ta'e a short Summer holida) for a

+ee'. Camping and holida)s in cara$ans (ecame popular 

in the =s as people started to

 (u) cars.

&:6;s

The airline industr) e,panded and tour operators started to offer $er) cheap

 pac'age holida)s to Spain or Ulast minuteJ cheap fares.

&:9;s

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S'iing holida)s +ere starting to (ecome popular and the pac'age industr)

continued to e,pand.

&:9;s<&::;s

Pac'ages to the SA (ecame much cheaper than trips to ritishresorts. -ost ordinar) people +ent a(road.

&::;s < (;;6

A second )earl) holida) (ecame possi(le +ith more and more

cheap pac'ages. Holida)s to Australia and more e,otic

locations (ecame cheap enough for man) ordinar) +or'ing

 people.

CONCLUSION

ritainJs most common leisure acti$ities are home5(ased. Perhaps (ecause of the

ritish climate* people en1o) themsel$es more in the comfort of their o+n home.

9atching tele$ision and $ideos and listening to the radio are far the most popular 

leisure5time acti$ities* +ith an a$erage of t+ent) hours a +ee' de$oted to them.

istening to music is also a popular pastime. Pop and roc' al(ums are the most

 popular t)pes of music (ought* and pop is far the most popular form of musicale,pression in ritain. Among adults the most common leisure acti$it) outside the

home is a $isit to the pu(. Bther popular acti$ities include $isits to the cinema or 

the theatre.

Bf all sporting acti$ities* +al'ing is () far the most popular +ith men and +omen

of all ages. -en tend to go in for acti$ities li'e golf and (illiards +hereas +omen

generall) prefer s+imming. It goes +ithout sa)ing that the most popular spectator 

sport is foot(all.

Americans spend their free time +atching T"* getting e,ercise* cleaning and pla)ing sports. Professional foot(all and (as'et(all top the list. The) also li'e to

$isit a (each or a la'e or 1ust spending time +ith famil) and friends.

#inall)* I thin' that spare time is a good +a) to do things )ou li'e* to meet up +ith

friends or to practice an) sports* +hich are a relia(le source of energ) to cope +ith

 (us) +or' da)s.

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