learning django step 1
TRANSCRIPT
30 分鐘建構 Web App
Cd Chen http://www.cdchen.idv.tw/
2014/04/14
Learning Django Step 1
Ab o u t
陳永昇 (Cd Chen) http://www.cdchen.idv.tw/ 學歷：國⽴立台中科技⼤大學 經歷： 聯成電腦講師 恆逸資訊講師 現職： 乃師實業技術總監 passpass.cc 創辦⼈人 證照：
RHCE / LPIC / NCLP MCSA / MCSE OCPJP / OCPJWCD TCSE / NSPA
LCURD
List / Create / Update / Read / Delete
X 交給 Django 內建管理主控台
XX X
Post List Page
Post Detail Page
Post List
<BASE_URL>/post/"
Post Detail
<BASE_URL>/post/<POST_ID>/
MVC
Controller
View Model
控制程式的流程
Controller
View Model
提供互動界⾯面
Controller
View Model
存取資料
Controller
View Model
Controller
View Model
Controller
View Model
Controller
View Model
View
Template
MVC in Django
建⽴立 Django App
1. 建⽴立 Django Project
2. 建⽴立 Django App
3. 撰寫程式
4. 設定與測試
建⽴立 Django Project
建⽴立 Django Project(postapp)cd-macmini1:postapp cdchen$ django-admin.py startproject demosite"(postapp)cd-macmini1:postapp cdchen$ ls"bin demosite include lib"(postapp)cd-macmini1:postapp cdchen$ cd demosite/"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ls"demosite manage.py"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ cd demosite/"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ls"__init__.py settings.py urls.py wsgi.py"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ cd .."(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$
Django Project 架構‣ settings.py
‣ Django 專案的設定檔
‣ urls.py
‣ URL Mapping 定義檔
‣ wsgi.py
‣ Django WSGI Callback
建⽴立 Django App
建⽴立 Django App(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ls"demosite manage.py"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ./manage.py startapp postapp"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ls"demosite manage.py postapp"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ls postapp/"__init__.py admin.py models.py tests.py views.py"(postapp)cd-macmini1:postapp cdchen$
Django App 架構‣ admin.py
‣ 定義 Django 管理主控台
‣ models.py
‣ 定義 Model
‣ tests.py
‣ 單元測試
撰寫程式
定義 Modelfrom django.db import models""# Create your models here.""class Post(models.Model):" title = models.CharField(max_length=255)" body = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)" create_time = models.DateTimeField(db_index=True, auto_now_add=True)"
撰寫 View
‣ Function-based View
‣ Generic View Class
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"from django.conf.urls import patterns, url"from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView"from postapp.models import Post"""class PostListView(ListView):" model = Post" template_name = 'post/list.html'"""class PostDetailView(DetailView):" model = Post" template_name = 'post/detail.html'"""## 定義 URL Mapping"urlpatterns = patterns(''," url(r’^(?P<pk>\d+)$', PostDetailView.as_view(), name='post_detail_view')," url(r'^$', PostListView.as_view(), name='post_list_view'),")"
撰寫 Template‣ Template 的位置
‣ App 中
‣ 獨⽴立的路徑
‣ Template 語法
‣ Template Tag
‣ Template Filter
post/list.html<!DOCTYPE html>"<html>"<head><title>Post List Page</title></head>"<body>"<h1>Post List</h1>"<ul>"{% for object in object_list %}" <li>" <small>{{ object.create_time }}</small>" <h2><a href="{% url 'post_detail_view' pk=object.pk %}">{{ object.title }}</a></h2>" <div>{{ object.body|truncatechars:30 }}</div>" </li>"{% endfor %}"</ul>"</body>"</html>
post/detail.html<!DOCTYPE html>"<html>"<head>" <title>{{ object.title }}</title>"</head>"<body>"<h1>{{ object.title }}</h1>"<small>{{ object.create_time }}</small>"<div>"{{ object.body }}"</div>"</body>"</html>
撰寫 admin.pyfrom django.contrib import admin"from postapp.models import Post"""class PostModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):" pass"""admin.site.register(Post, PostModelAdmin)"
設定與測試
設定
‣ settings.py
‣ INSTALLED_APPS
‣ DATABASES
‣ urls.py
INSTALLED_APPSINSTALLED_APPS = (" 'django.contrib.admin'," 'django.contrib.auth'," 'django.contrib.contenttypes'," 'django.contrib.sessions'," 'django.contrib.messages'," ‘django.contrib.staticfiles'," ‘postapp’,")
DATABASES
DATABASES = {" 'default': {" 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3'," 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3')," }"}
urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url"from django.contrib import admin"admin.autodiscover()"urlpatterns = patterns(''," # Examples:" # url(r'^$', 'demosite.views.home', name='home')," # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))," url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls))," url(r'^post/', include('postapp.views')),")
建⽴立資料庫
‣ 預設使⽤用 SQLite 作為資料庫
‣ 可搭配使⽤用 django-south 管理 Model 欄位
‣ Django 1.7 將直接內建
‣ 執⾏行 manage.py syncdb
(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ./manage.py syncdb"Creating tables ..."Creating table django_admin_log"Creating table auth_permission"Creating table auth_group_permissions"Creating table auth_group"Creating table auth_user_groups"Creating table auth_user_user_permissions"Creating table auth_user"Creating table django_content_type"Creating table django_session"Creating table postapp_post""You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined."Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes"Username (leave blank to use 'cdchen'): admin"Email address: [email protected]"Password: <PASSWORD>"Password (again): <PASSWORD>"Superuser created successfully."Installing custom SQL ..."Installing indexes ..."Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)"(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$
測試
‣ Django 內建測試伺服器
‣ 可搭配 django-devserver
‣ 執⾏行：./manage.py runserver
(postapp)cd-macmini1:demosite cdchen$ ./manage.py runserver"Validating models...""0 errors found"April 13, 2014 - 08:36:13"Django version 1.6.2, using settings 'demosite.settings'"Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/"Quit the server with CONTROL-C."
http://localhost:8000/admin/
http://localhost:8000/post/
http://localhost:8000/post/1
下⼀一步??
‣ 更複雜的 ORM 機制
‣ 熟悉 Form / Function-Based View
‣ 使⽤用 3rd-party App
‣ ⾃自定 Template Tag / Filter
‣ 開發 Reusable-App
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