leo kwan creating mingcha

8/18/2019 Leo Kwan Creating MingCha

1/20

Nic Gwab ‚ Kria`bm L`bmKoa6 A Xcrcn`c c Drabj Du`nj`bm

Nic Gwab

KTIAZ@BM

L@BMKOAA XCTZECN@C CEDTABJ DY@NJ@BM

As sa`s`k sujìs rivìw, ia w`nn

di oi bix `birba`cban ribj `b

divirami kcbsulp`cb. Zi `jia

c lag`bm a Ko`bisi ia drabj croi wcrnj kali c li scliocw

bauranny aeir oinp`bm kclpabìs

suko as Bisnà abj @birba`cban

Kcii Crmab`za`cb c ibir

Ko`ba. Diwiib 1000 abj 4885,

@ kriaij abj jivincpij L`bmKoa

abj ̀ s dus`biss cpira`cb. Zicnncw`bm ari a iw ̀ lamis oa

riprisib scli c ly icrs ̀ b

o`s sin-ubjij prcfik.


2/20


Nic Gwab

Kria`bm L`bmKoa

A Xcrcn`c c Drabj Du`nj`bm

Kcbibs

L`ss`cb ;

Zi Xrcjuks :

Xc`bs c [anis =

Largi Ijuka`cb 18

Xudn`k`y 14

Tiako`bm Cu 1:

Coir Xrcfiks 1=

Appibj`xis 10


3/20


L`ss`cb

DT@BM@BM E@BI IA @BC OI

@BITBA@CBAN LA@B[TIAL

@b kria`bm oi drabj abj dus`biss c

L`bmKoa®, @ oaj oi pirscban amibja

c riv`v`bm a raj``cban Ko`bisi raji.

@ wabij fibi Ko`bisi ia c akqu`ri

as luko ub`virsan akkipabki as

fibi Dcrjiaux w`bis, abj a drabj as

asp`r`bm as Eirrar` `s `b kars, cr as Appni

`s `b kcbsulir @ prcjuks.

Xcsir cr a fc`b prclc`cb w`o Dvnmar` Xarul®, 488;

[raim`k parbir6 Dvnmar` Xarul® (OG)

Ivib kccrj`ba`cb6 U`v`ab Lag

Ivib jis`mb suppcr6 Ei` N`

Kria`vi, ar j`rik`cb abj poccmrapoy6 Nic GwabL`bmKoa Drabj Drckouri

Appibj`x 1


4/20


5/20


Ixpriss`cb ce Quan`ty

TIO@BG@BM OI XAKG CE IA

@ kriaij 5 n`bis c cvir 08 pakgamijia prcjuks cr oi drabj. A j`iribki

@ r`ij c lagi `b jis`mb`bm oi

pakgam`bm was c lagi fibi ia lcri

ubjirsabjadni dy dim`bb`bm c ijukai

oi kcbsulirs orcumo oi `bcrla`cb

m`vib cb oi nadins. Z`s apprcako oas

dikcli cbi ̀ birba`cban ribj cr ia

nadins s`bki cur naubko `b 4888.

L`bmKoa Xrcjuk Mu`ji

Appibj`x 4Dikausi c oi bauri c Ncbmf`b abj ocw ` `s prcjukij, @ ocumo c oi kcbkip c [`bmni Jay

Dako ria`n pakg. oi mrapo`ks was jivincpij arcubj oi ̀ jia c ijukai. c di adni c jin`vir

suko quan`y was a socwkasi c cur prcjuk labamilib kapad`n`y.


6/20


CX XT@CT@P6 QYAN@P

[`bki wi wiri mc`bm c di a biw drabj,

quan`y wcunj di a lafcr kcbkirb cr

oi kusclirs. @b crjir c cda`b oi

dis quan`y-pr`ki qucìb, @ sarij dydu`nj`bm j`rik rina`cbso`ps wò ia

prcjukirs raoir oab wò ixpcrirs. c

prcv`ji oi rabmi c asi abj quan`y,

oisi rina`cbso`p oaj c di quì

kncsi abj wò ab ixibs`vi dasi ̀ b giy

prcjuk`cb arias ̀ b var`cus prcv`bkis.

@ was a j`kun asg, du wi wiri

riwarjij wò a ub`quiny kclpi``vi

rabmi, as winn as oi ad`n`y c kriai a

buldir c n`lìj ij``cb prcjuks,

wo`ko ̀ bsp`rij dco ncyan kusclirs abj

raji ̀ làcrs. Z`s mibiraij kcb`buij

priss `biriss, wo`ko oinpij us c abkocr

cur prcfini quì iarny cb.

Adcvi6 N`lìj Ij``cb Xocib`x Ccncbm. o`s `s oi `rs

Ko`bisi prcjuk ivir sinikij `bc oi Akajily Awarjs®

Kinidr`y M` Dasgi, abj oi `rs ia. [raim̀ k parbir6

Jidcrao D`dir, Dnui Lccb Xrclc`cbs Dincw6 Bc. =89

c oi riso ncwir skibij ia rabmi cr cur jùs`cb

drabj, Fig oà. oisi, n`gi a buldir c prcjuks, wiri

jivincpij cr naubko`bm a sraim`k `l`bm.

XTCJYK [TYKYTI

]oib @ srukurij oi prcjuk n`bis,

oisi wiri oi giy kcbs`jira`cbs6

XT@KI TABMI]oa `s a rabmi oa wcunj anncw a

pc`b c ibry abj yi la`ba`b a drabj

pris`mi3 ]oa `s ias`ny saniadni abj

woa biijs c di pusoij3

QYAN@P TABMI

]o`ko ari oi quan`ìs oa oi viirab

ia kcbbc`ssiurs wcunj di `lprissij3

]o`ko ari ocsi oi bcv`ki wcunj di

atrakij c ry3

A[I TABMI

Oavi @ cirij ibcumo cr jìrib

`bj`v`juan priiribki3 Oavi @ gip

cc narmi ab `bvibcry3 ]o`ko ari oiasis oa wcunj ajj up c a kcois`vi

drabj koarakir3


7/20


XC@BZ[ CE [ANI[

Zi firs L`bmKoa ia Darprccypi ̀ b [iner`jmis, Ncbjcb,488;. Zi jiparlib scri`bv`ij us c si up o`s drabj biwcpira`cb kcbkip ̀ b ab ailpc prclci runy fibi quan`y `b oiYG ia largi. Bc rib cr nadcurkoarmij c us.


8/20


Eaíaji ce toi Drabj

Zi raj``cban iasocp ̀ s ̀ b`l`ja`bm,

ispikànny c ocsi woc ari bc al`nàr

wò ia. @b jis`mb`bm oi ria`n pc`bs,

ly cp pr`cr`y was c jilys`y abj

lcjirb`zi oi `lami c fibi ia, oi

sali oili as `b oi pakgami jis`mbs.

Xc`bts ce [anis

cp6 @bir`cr, L`bmKoa [ocp cb [ar

[rii, Ocbm Gcbm

Quan`y c oi rcbn`bi sa was as

`lpcrab as oi jis`mb c oi socp `sin,

` bc lcri. cmioir oiy crlij oi

aki c oi drabj.

Kcbkip abj prcfik j`rik`cb6 Nic Gwab

[ì kccrj`ba`cb6 Fcy ]cbm 7 Xrcjukirs6

U`vàb Lag, Nic Gwab7 Kcbsruk`cb

jis`mb6 Oiaj Arkoìkuri7 Kcbsruk`cb6

@JK @bir`crs

L`jjni6 oi cr`m`ban ia dar kcbkip

sgiko Ni6 @bir`cr, nc nccr, L`bmKoa

[ocp cb [ar [rii


9/20


CDFIK@UI[6 TAB[AK@CB[

& LATGI [OATI

Zi `b`àn `jia was c siup ab cpib

ia dar sc oa picpni kcunj ias`ny

s` jcwb cr a jr`bg. @b oi prckiss

c crjir`bm, wako`bm oi ia di`bmpriparij abj ang`bm wò oi dar

atibjab, oi kusclir wcunj mi

al`nàr`zij wò oi prcjuk abj

oi drabj. Xurkoas`bm oi pakgamij

prcjuks c agi ocli c mrcw oi

divirami oad` wcunj oib dikcli

luko iasìr. ]i wiri c ma`b bc cbnyoi rabsak`cb kapad`n`y c dco oi

pc c ia abj oi pakgamij mccjs,

du ansc biw largi simlibs.

A XTCUIB O@MO IEE@K@IBKP

KCBKIX

Zi prccypi ̀ b [inr`jmis Ncbjcb

abj oi firs is lcjin `b Mria Eccj

Oann `b Ocbm Gcbm prcvij oi kcbkip.

@b ria`n irls, wi akoìvij ab aviramisanis rikcrj c $1,;88 pir squari cc

(ps) pir lcbo ̀ b Mria, wo`ko was

cbny a largi c lcjirai rak. Zi

pircrlabki oinpij us akqu`ri coir

ncka`cbs abj kcbsunab fcds.

@b orii yiars aeir wi sarij oi

prccypi `b Ncbjcb, wi oaj kriaij

cbi socp, ; ia dars, abj abkocrij

18 ocs`bm kaà/iasocps/risaurabs

abj 14 ria`nirs iaur`bm oi drabj

`b Ocbm Gcbm, Fapab, YG, Erabki abj

[w`zirnabj. Zisi wiri ann sin-ubjij.cp6 L`bmKoa ia Dar `bMria Eccj Oann. 488:. Koi

@so`` rcl [appcrc `s siib

oiri sirv`bm a oi dar cfib`so o`s quan`fika`cb is as

a L`bmKoa ia Ivabmin`s

L`jjni abj dincw6 iawari

abj ccj sirv`ki wiri

wc coir lafcr prcjuk

kaimcrìs wò s`mb`fikab

rabsak`cb kcbr`du`cb

abj rak jraw.


10/20


LATGIZ IJYKAZ@CB

ia Ivabmin`s U`vìb Nii oinps akusclir wò apprikà`cb ikob`qui`b a imuaby`b wcrgsocp.


11/20


Quan`ty [piags

KTIA@BM AB IBU@TCBLIB

ECT J@ANCMYI[

c kcbv`bki oi largi c cur quan`y, wifirs oaj c ilpcwir oi kcbsulirs abj

oi raji wò oi gbcwnijmi abj ad`n`y

c apprikài fibi ias. @ jivincpij oi

prcprìary „@birak`vi ia [inik`cb

Mu`ji“7 prcpirny srukurij ia

apprikà`cb kcursis7 abj var`cus pr`bij

lairàns, ̀ bknuj`bm „Bc Ann ias AriKriaij Iquan A L`bmKoa Mu`ji c

Xrilùl ia“, wo`ko oaj siib `s 9o

`lpriss`cb ̀ b iarny 4885.

A wc-wiig unn `li ra`b`bm prcmral

was jis`mbij cr kariunny rikruìj

rcbn`bi sa. @ was ajapij cr oi sa

c par`k`pa`bm knìbs. @ anways dinìvi a

ditir ra`bij sanis crki oinpij bc cbny

pircrlabki, du ansc oi drabj prcfini.cp6 L`bmKoa Mu`ji c Xrilùl Ko`bisi ia. „Bc fusoinpun, du diauùnny wrìb abj ib`k`bm…“ ]rci

Ncbjcb dasij ia wrìr Fabi Xi`mriw. Fapabisi virs`cb

rabsna`cb6 Gacr` Cso`la, Pcso`gc Csawa, Au ubm N`b

Adcvi ni6 „]oy Diir ia“ j`spnay dabbir. [`l`nar

mrapo`ks wiri ixriliny usiun ̀ b mi`bm kcbsulir

aib`cb abj inn`bm oil cbi o`bm cr wc.

Adcvi l`jjni6 @birak`vi ia [inik`cb Mu`ji. A

viry usiun ijuka`cb ccn as ab anirba`vi c cur ia

Ivabmin`ss. ix abj jis`mb dy lysin

Adcvi r`mo6 ia as`bm prisiba`cb `b ur`b, @any a oi

[ncw Eccj Ixpcs``cb


12/20


XYDN@K@ZP

A kusclir kcupnimavi is`lcby `b aTOG spik`an eiauri

wo`ko eckusij cb curdrabj du`nj`bm icrs.Cbi ce oi „Jis`mb `bXrcmriss“ sir`is


13/20


]CTJ CE LCYO, XT@BIJ

Oav`bm si cur pcs``cb as oi spikàn`s

c fibi ia, abj dikausi c cur jis`mb

crìba`cb, kunuran l`ss`cb abj a jìrib

dus`biss po`ncscpoy, oi lijà kcb`buijc j`skcvir biw cp`ks `b us. ]i oaj

diib wr`tib adcu ̀ b `birba`cban raji

lamaz`bis, abj iaurij `b var`cus lijà `b

Gcria, Fapab, Erabki, [w`zirnabj, YG, XTK

abj Ocbm Gcbm. Ij`cràn ̀ s s`nn cbi c oi

srcbmis pudn`k`y ccn.

ATMIIJ KCBAK

Abcoir iik`vi pudn`k`y vibui was oi

kcbak jaadasi wo`ko wi mriw s`bki

jay cbi. ]ò `, wi wiri adni c jivincp

a mrcw`bm dasi c ncyan kcrpcrai abj

`bj`v`juan kusclirs, raji abj knìbs,

nckanny cr cvirsias. ]i scli`lis mc la`ncrjirs rcl lildirs c rcyan al`nìs cr as

laby as ocusabjs c pakgs a a `li!

Adcvi6 Tid`ro c Xocib`x, a priss

riniasi scry oa oaj diib pudn`soij,

kcpìj abj ixrakij (wò abj wòcu

cur gbcwnijmi) quì laby `lis `b var`-

cus lamaz`bis abj oi `birbi. @ kcbr`d-

uij riquibny c oi priss, scli ivib

wò a rimunar kcnulb. o`s oinpij quì

iik`viny c du`nj a kncsi rina`cbso`p.

T`mo6 Cur drabj oaj diib wrìb adcu`b jìrib abmnis, suko as o`s cbi rcl

a lakrc-ikcbcl`k/kunuran vìw ̀ b KYX

Lamaz`bi. Ly cwb prisibki oaj diib

usij lcs c oi `li as ab `kcb c oi

sp`r` dio`bj oi drabj.

Lijà sraimy6 Nic Gwab

Xudn`k`y wr``bm6 Cn`và Nu`, Nic Gwab

Xriss kccrj`ba`cb6 Cn`và Nu`

Appibj`x ;


14/20


TIAKO@BM CYZ

Xr`bki Koarnis a oi kncs`bm ce irraLajri, woiri @ was asgij c di Oiaj

ce Jinima`cb, raj``cban Ko`bisiia Lagirs c ang adcu ocw slarlargi`bm kcunj suppcr slann skaniraj``cban earl`bm. 9,888 fc`bijo`s kcbeiribki ecr raj``cban eccjprcjukirs ercl arcubj oi wcrnj.


15/20


[OAT@BM ]@O XICXNI

]OA @ JC ABJ

]OA @ DIN@IUI @B

Tiakò bm cu c inn oi `birba`cban

kcllub`y cur l`ss`cb abj ixpirìbkioinpij us ma`b bc cbny ixpcr crjirs,

ixknus`vi drabj iauris, CIL abj

kc-drabj`bm ass`mblibs, du ansc oi

rikcmb``cb ̀ b oi raji oa wi wiri oi

dis riprisiba`cb c fibi ia abj ia

raj`bm prak`kis.

Cur ̀ birba`cban drabj prcfini was bccbny a cubja`cb cr uuri mrcwo, du

oaj prcvij c ̀ lpak nckan atib`cb c

oi kaimcry abj ous urbcvir, priss

kcvirami abj, anas, lcri ̀ là`cbs.

o`s `s a kasi socw`bm oi dibi`s c riako`bm cu6

Puf` ]ag`ya (cp & adcvi ni) was ocs c oi

alcus BOG U prcmral, „Xniasuris wò Ko`bisi

ia“ abj oi ixiku`vi koi c oi urabjc

mrcup c risaurabs. ]oib wi li ̀ b EccjIx `b

cgyc ̀ b 4884, ly prciss`cban apprcako c ia,

prcjuk quan`y abj drabj ̀ lami kcbv`bkij o`l

c kcli c sii li `b Ocbm Gcbm a iw jays nair

c prcpcsi ixknus`vi iaur`bm ̀ b o`s risaurabs

(r`mo, agib jur`bm a sabjarj`za`cb siss`cb), ab

CIL prcfik (ni) abj prcpcsij c di cbi c ly

ibjcrsirs (cp) cr rii.


16/20


Kcbknus`cb

XA[[XCT C OI ]CTNJ

A drabj jcis bc sr`vi `b a vakuul.

@ `s orcumo oi `birak`cbs c ann

inilibs `b oi cpira`cb ibv`rcblib

oa a drabj kab so`bi. [cli ari ubjir

cbi‐s kcbrcn, du lcs ari ocsi wi

kab cbny `bffluibki. A winn-jis`mbij

drabj socunj di jivincpij r`j`bm cb

oisi inilibs, sc oa oi cpira`cb

ibv`rcblib ivcnvis c `s ajvabami.Za `s ocw a drabj sr`vis `b `s ocli7

oa `s ocw ` kcunj riako cu c urb

oi wcrnj `bc `s largi.

Lcri pcrtcn`c p`ikis `b oi bix pamis


17/20


GCBI Inivacrs 1009~1000

oi wcrnj‐s ;rj narmis inivacr kclpaby wabij c

ma`b largi soaris `b Asà abj par`kunarny Mriair

Ko`ba. @ was `bvìj c ub`y `birban vìws abj c

kcli up wò biw largi`bm lairàns. ]i ibjij up

wò a ri-ibm`biirij drabj `lami abj giy largi`bm

lissamis bc cbny cr oi `bibjij largis, du ansc asa dibkolarg cr oi mncdan largi.

oi prcfik `bvcnvij ann kcrpcrai abj largi`bm

lairàns cr adcvi abj dincw oi n`bi appn`ka`cbs7 a

lafcr ixo`d``cb abj ab `bibs`vi sujy c oi drabj‐s

pcs``cb abj cpira`cb ibv`rcblib.

[raim`k parbir6 O`nn abj Gbcwncb Asà

Kria`vi abj ar j`rik`cb6 Nic Gwab

Giy lissami jivincplib6 Nic Gwab, Ab` Nàbi

Kcpywr``bm6 Tcdir Nii, Ab` Nàbi

Koì poccmrapoirs6 Fakgì ]ab, Dcddy Nii

Koì jis`mbirs6 N`bus Bm, Karscb La, Taylcbj ]cbm,

Dib Gwab

Koì prcjukirs6 Ouay` Di`f`bm, Jav`j Koab, Oarras

Koiubm, Nic Gwab

IL[J 100=~4881

Oav`bm jik`jij c mc cb oi raj`bm ubj cpira`cb,

Inikr`kan abj Likoab`kan [irv`kis Jiparlib c oi

[AT in `llijài prissuri rcl largi kclpi``cb

abj, lcri `lpcrabny, oi kcubk`ns abj prissuri

mrcups. c du`nj oi`r drabj cr ab cpib largi abj

c kcllub`kai a pcs``vi `lami, wi oaj c dr`jmia kcbsirva`vi sa kunuri wò oi labamilib‐s

asp`ra`cb cr a lcjirb, iik`vi crmab`za`cb.

oi prcfik `bvcnvij a mrajuan du`nj up c ab `birban

lclibul cr koabmi c oi`r kcnnik`vi `lami orcumo

oi ivcnu`cb c giy lissamis abj ann kcllub`ka`cb

lairàns, ixo`d``cbs abj ivibs, a drabj @J sysil

abj appn`ka`cbs, abj ra`b`bm cr l`jjni abj sib`cr

labamilib.

[raim`k parbir6 J@PT Kcllub`ka`cbs


Giy lissami jivincplib6 U`rm`bà Bm, Nic Gwab

Kcpywr``bm6 U`rm`bà Bm

ra`b`bm siss`cbs6 Nic Gwab

Koì poccmrapoirs6 Dcddy Nii, [al ]cbm

Koì jis`mbirs6 Aly ]cc, Dib Gwab, Ncria Muìriz,

Taylcbj ]cbm, Ei` N`

Koì prcjukirs6 Kaoir`bi Nii, U`vàb Lag, Nic Gwab

[CLI COIT DTABJ DY@NJ@BM

XTCFIK[ ECT KN@IB[

Zisi ari a iw c oi drabj du`nj`bm

prcfiks @ j`j as a kcbsunab dicri

kcll`tij unny c du`nj`bm L`bmKoa.Lcri salpnis rcl iako prcfik kab di

socwb upcb riquis.


18/20


Bisnà (Ko`ba) 1005~100=

]oib Bisnà‐s àbf`bm prcjuk`cb ak`n`ìs wiri

adcu riajy c prcv`ji `ki-krials abj kccgìs cr

oi Ko`ba largi, oi`r rina`cbso`p wò j`sr`du`cb

abj ria`n oaj yi c di riscnvij. ]i jivincpij a giy

lissami abj ix kcbib wo`ko dibi`s wiri iasy c

ubjirsabj dy oi`r Ko`bisi raj`bm prcspiks, abj`lamis iik`vi ibcumo as a lass lijà kalpa`mb cr

oi kcbsulirs. A iw pudn`ka`cbs ous laji wiri usij

as vio`knis c kcllub`ka`cb diwiib oi v`s``bm KIC,

Oinlu Lunkoir abj oi v`ki-prilìr a oa `li, N`

Tu` Ouab. Lr Lunkoir `bsrukij airwarjs oa oiy

di oi dnuipr`b cr ann drabj kcllub`ka`cb ̀ b Asà .


Giy lissami jivincplib6 Nic Gwab

Kcpywr``bm6 [ub N`, Nic Gwab

Koì poccmrapoir6 Nic Gwab

Koì jis`mbirs6 Ncria Muìriz, Aly ]cc

Xrcjukirs6 Csdir Nal, U`vàb Lag

@birba`cban Kcii Crmab`za`cb 100=~00

As oi cbny kccrj`bacr c ann kcii prcjukirs abj

duyirs, @KC akij a j``kun asg c di`bm oi uldrinna

prclcir c oi divirami `b Ko`ba wòcu di`bm dàs

cwarjs aby c oi drabjs. ]i sujìj oi largi

abj jivincpij oi giy sinn`bm pc`bs abj ab `lami c

kcii `sin as oi drabj. oi kalpa`mb was suko amria sukkiss oa oiy kali dakg cr a sikcbj oi bix

yiar. @ `bvcnvij ajs, ivibs, prilùls, prclc`cbs abj

largi ijuka`cb lairàns.

[raim`k parbir6 O`nn abj Gbcwncb [oabmoa`


Giy lissami jivincplib6 Nic Gwab

Koì poccmrapoirs6 Fakgì ]ab, Kaldc ]cbm

Koì jis`mbirs6 Tidikka Koab, Dib Gwab, Aly ]cc

Xrcjukirs6 O`nn abj Gbcwncb [oabmoa`, Aly ]cc,

U`vàb Lag

Bcrla Fcobscb 1005~0?

Ls Fcobscb, woc jivincpij oi „bcb-surm`kan aki-n ̀“

rialib prckiss, wabij c isadn`so a is cpira`cb

`b Ocbm Gcbm a`l`bm a oi in``s largi simlib.

]i in oa oiy biijij c la`ba`b a canny `lpcr

ikobcncmy `lami wo`ni summis`bm oa o`s prckiss

was iquanny suàdni cr oi Asàb sg`b. Cur skcpi wasc kriai oi`r drabj @J sysil abj appn`ka`cbs, oi

ajs abj ann dincw oi n`bi kcnnairan lairàns. o`s was

a knass`k kasi c sujy cr us ‚ ivib ocumo wi j`j a

mria fcd wò`b cur drì c ra`si kcbsulir abj priss

rispcbsis, oi cpira`cb a`nij c urb lcs c oil

`bc kusclirs cr kcbv`bk`bm lijà scrìs. Xrciss`cban

riqu`rilibs `b jia`ns suko as priss rikip`cb cr ivib

pocbi abswir`bm ikob`quis wiri way bimnikij. A

mccj jis`mb‐s dus`biss iik`vibiss `s rianny n`lìj dy

oi coir cpira`cb inilibs ̀ pircrls wò.


Kcpywr``bm6 Tcdir Nii

Koì poccmrapoir6 Anlcbj Kou

Koì jis`mbirs6 Karscb La, Taylcbj ]cbm

Lijà pnabbir6 K`bjy Nii


19/20


AXXIBJ@_I[

L`bmKoa Drabj XrcfiniAppibj`x 1

L`bmKoa Xrcjuk Mu`jiAppibj`x 4

[inikij L`bmKoa Xriss Xcrtcn`cAppibj`x ;


20/20

Nic Gwab

i-la`n6 nicgwabHtiaocbm.kcl

Zia Ocbm, XC Dcx ;1;, Za` Xc Xcst Cee`ki, Ocbm Gcbm

]`o Fabi Xi`mriw `b [inr`jmis, Ncbjcb

leo kwan creating mingcha

Documents