linux everywhere? matching the workload to the computer
DESCRIPTION
It's a testament to the wild success of Linux that it is showing up on devices from wristwatches, to mobile phones, to netbooks, to desktops, to RISC-based computers, and to mainframes, not to mention being the foundation of much of cloud computing today. That said, are users really matching the work they need to do on Linux to the appropriate software, processors and machines? Backed by customer examples, this talk will discuss the high level criteria that you can use to help ensure that your Linux implementation optimally runs your business and helps delight your customers.TRANSCRIPT
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM1
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM2
Linux Everywhere?Matching the Workload to the Computer
Dr. Robert SutorVP, Open Source and Linux, IBM SWG
September 2, 2009
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM3
Agenda
Linux, and Building a smarter planet, that is increasingly:
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
Matching workloads to platforms Virtualization Horizontal clusters and grids Vertical symmetrical multiprocessing Centralized computing Cloud computing
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM4
Building a smarter planet
The world is smaller.
Because it can.
Because it must.
Because we want it to.The world is getting smarter.
The world isflatter.
“Every human being, company, organization, city, nation, natural system and manmade system is becoming
interconnected, instrumented and intelligent.
This is leading to new savings and efficiency—but perhaps as important, new possibilities for progress.”
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM5
An instrumented planet, and Linux
What’s new?
• Powerful computing on ubiquitous handheld devices and netbooks
Fedora Moblin Android
• Embedded sensors provide a wealth of data, much of it realtime
Linux brings: Small size, modularity, and the ability to run on multiple platforms
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM6
An interconnected world, and Linux
What’s new?
• High speed, reliable connectivity with ubiquitous access
• Ability to optimize mix of personal computing and shared access to big computing
Linux brings: Crossplatform portability, scalability, and much of the fabric of the internet
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM7
Impire AG
✱ Business Challenge– Needed highperformance database platforms providing management, processing
and mining of data for instantaneous play analysis and statistical content
✱ Solution– Red Hat Enterprise Linux– IBM BladeCenter– IBM Informix Dynamic Server– IBM DB2 Alphablox– IBM DB2 Data Warehouse Edition– IBM WebSphere Portal Express
✱ Benefits– Improved ability to provide information on demand– Higher system availability and reliability– Faster and more indepth analysis with data mining– Improved employee productivity– Better collaboration with employees and customers
Sports television company providing intelligent, realtime 3D graphics and statistics for professional sporting events to TV broadcast companies in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM8
An intelligent world, and Linux
What’s new?
• Vast and increasing amounts of data not yet interpreted
• Scalable computing power available on demand
Linux brings: Supercomputing power at affordable cost, parallel computing clusters, stream computing
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM9
IBM and Linux take on “Jeopardy!”Challenges include:
variety of subjects speed of responses when
competing against humans “subtlety” of the questions
Two years to develop “question answering” system that determines precise answers to naturallanguage questions, and computes accurate confidences in the answers
“Watson” system incorporates massively parallel analytical systems, and is not connected to the internet or other outside help.
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM10
Matching the workload to the computing platform
Small computing: (portability, personal use) Big computing: Scalability, resilience,
flexibility, manageability Shared access to big computing, where
appropriate and costeffective Different ways to achieve this …
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM11
Virtualization helps you rightsize your computing
IBM has been doing virtualization for more than 40 years Originally developed to make better use of critical
hardware IBM runs Linux as a virtualized OS across entire
hardware portfolio Innovation continues
1967
CP/CMS
20092002
PHYP
1972
VM/370
20001990
VM/ESA
VMware Xen KVM
PLPAR
Z/VM
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM12
Trap and Emulate
Hypervisor Calls (“Paravirtualization”)
H
Direct Hardware Virtualization
Examples: CP67, VM/370Benefits: Runs unmodified OSIssues: Substantial overhead
Load
Add
Store
PrivOp
Load
...
Hypervisor PrivOpemulation code
• VM runs in user mode• All privileged instructions
cause traps
Trap
Examples: POWER Hypervisor, XenBenefits: High efficiencyIssues: OS must be modified to issue Hcalls
Load
Add
Store
Hcall
Load
...
Hypervisor service
• VM runs in normal modes• OS in VM calls hypervisor
to access real resources
Load
Add
Store
PrivOp
Load
...
• VM runs in normal modes• Hardware does most of the
virtualization (SIE architecture)
v
• Hypervisor provides control
Examples: System z LPAR, z/VM, KVM, HyperVBenefits: High efficiency, runs unmodified OSIssues: Requires underlying hardware support
Virt Mach
Virt MachVirt Mach
Translate, Trap, and Emulate
Load
Add
Store
TrapOp
Load
...
Hypervisor PrivOpemulation code
• VM runs in user mode• Some IA32 instructions must
be replaced with trap ops
Trap
Examples: VMware, Microsoft VS Benefits: Runs unmodified, translated OSIssues: Substantial overhead
Virt Mach
CallHypervisor callsalso supported
Virtualization can mean different things
Hypervisor service
Exit
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM13
Horizontal Clusters and Grids
Large numbers of loosely coupled similar systems x86, some RISC
Suitable for parallel tasks Low cost, high performance Low update to query ratio
Typical workloads Web serving Analyzing trends Developing new drugs
Sample industries Financial Services Life Sciences Education Media and Entertainment
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM14
Astellas Pharma, Inc.
✱ Company Profile– Based in Japan, Astellas Pharma Inc. is a global company involved in
manufacturing, marketing, importing and exporting pharmaceuticals.
✱ Business Challenge– Ongoing changes in the pharmaceutical industry have had a major
impact on drug discovery– Government requirements on pharmaceutical effectiveness, safety, and
ADME disposition have dramatically increased– In 10 years, the number of chemical compounds to be screened out
has increased 1,000%
✱ Solution– Red Hat Enterprise Linux– IBM BladeCenter, IBM System x HS20 blades
✱ Benefits– Drug discovery simulation time reduced from one year to one month,
ensuring much greater productivity for Astellas’ research staff– High efficiency and space savings drive infrastructure savings
A worldwide pharmaceutical company in Japan reduces operation time for new drugs from one year to one month, increasing research efficiency with IBM and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM15
Vertical Symmetrical MultiProcessing
High performance systems with shared resources RISC, some x86
Suitable for transactional and database tasks High update to query ratio Virtualization increasingly important
Typical workloads Centralized databases ERP, CRM, SCM applications Computeintensive applications
Sample industries Manufacturing Transportation Banking Government
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM16
Volkswagen AGConsolidation and virtualization improves efficiency, competitiveness
Business challenge
76 standalone competitive UNIX servers with different web application middleware supported several Volkswagen applications. These were difficult to scale as needed, driving up maintenance costs and lowering efficiency.
Volkswagen was determined to find a more manageable and scalable underlying hardware and software solution capable of enabling it to reduce total cost of ownership while boosting competitiveness.
Solution
Consolidate from 76 servers down to six System p5 570 servers and the migration of 77 web based applications running a mixture of Red Hat Linux and AIX
IBM also helped standardize the company’s operational processes and WebSphere middleware stack.
Benefits
Significantly reduced the complexity and total cost of ownership (TCO) of its global IT infrastructure
Enables the automobile manufacturer to more quickly respond to changing market conditions
http://www01.ibm.com/software/success/cssdb.nsf/CS/BTHD78NKSD
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM17
Centralized Computing
Massively consolidated systems Mainframes, some RISC
Suitable for mixed workloads High utilization, reliability, security, energy efficiency Virtualization essential
Typical workloads Web Commerce, Web Applications ERP, CRM applications Consolidation of multiple applications
Sample industries Banking Insurance Energy Telecomms
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Bank of New ZealandA bank uses Red Hat Enterprise Linux on System z10 to reduce their carbon footprint, and address datacenter cost and capacity concerns
The Challenge
A datacenter with 200 Sun servers was at capacity Bank of New Zealand needed to grow, reduce
emissions and costs, become more open, and seeks to become carbonneutral by 2010
The Solution
Consolidate 200 Sun servers down to just 1 IBM System z10 mainframe running Red Hat Enterprise Linux
The Benefit
Bank of New Zealand reduced power consumption by close to 40%, heat output by 33%
Just one administrator is needed per 200 virtual servers
New environments are deployed in minutes, not days
“Deploying IBM mainframes with Red Hat Enterprise Linux to address our carbon footprint
and cost savings concerns was a very big deal,
especially at the senior management level.”
Lyle JohnstonInfrastructure ArchitectBank of New Zealand
The Bank of New Zealand reduce their datacenter footprint by 30%, heatoutput by 33%, carbon footprint by 39%, and expects a 20% ROI
http://www.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26621.wss
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Salt River Project
✱ Challenge– Deliver everimproving contributions to the people SRP servers through the
provision of lowcost, reliable water and power, and community programs– Reduce server sprawl of distributed HPUX systems– Increase utilization, flexibility and management– Consolidate workloads and run more workloads per server
✱ Solution– Red Hat Enterprise Linux– IBM System z mainframe– Red Hat Network Satellite
✱ Benefits– Stable and predictable solution, easily managed via Red Hat Network Satellite– Cost savings through eliminating license costs
Utility company in central Arizona: more than 4,000 employees, serving over 925,000 customers, covering 2900 square miles
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM20
Cloud Computing
Shared, scalable systems x86, RISC, Mainframes
Suitable for mixed workloads Dynamic provisioning Virtualization essential
Typical workloads Infrastructure Development and Test Collaboration
Sample industries Banking Software development Universities Government
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China Services Cloud – A Cloud for Developers
Goal• Stimulate software startup company growth• Launch new business models• Accelerate transformation to a servicesled
economy
Pain Points• Efficiently provide software development and test
tools to software startup companies• Provide competitive services to internet users
Benefits• Accelerates development and test cycles through
quick resource onboarding• Public cloud: Access through internet or secure
connection • Virtualized, secure, network isolated environments
with Rational development and test tools• Backup/restore capabilities with Tivoli Storage
Management to protect customer assets
“IBM has its vision to help the Chinese government, as well as the company to use the resource in a smarter way. Cloud computing is one of the most important platforms that enables us to do so.” Paul Lu, CEO, Wuxi Lake Tai Cloud Computing Service
IBM CloudBurst
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM22
Matching the Workload to the Linux Computer
Linux runs on more processors than anything else Flexibility Scalability Availability of skills and applications
Choose the right computer for the workload, not viceversa
Personal vs. Shared Local vs. Remote Ownership vs. Cost
Small is beautiful, and … …big is beautiful as well
Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM23
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NOTES:Linux penguin image courtesy of Larry Ewing ([email protected]) and The GIMP
Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on developmentlevel systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generallyavailable systems. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.
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