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UDK : 728.81(495.02)(497.11)

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16 : . -, , 7, 2006, 63-90.17Dva prva popisa Zvornikog sandaka ( iz 1519. i 1533. godine). Deifrovao, preveo i obradio:Adem Handi. Graa, knj XXVI, Odeljenje drutvenih nauka, knj. 22. ANIBIH i SANU,Sarajevo 1986 (sa faksimilima), 25, 97.18 . , VI , : , , 2003, 44.

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35 ., , , 10-13. 2000, - 2002, 32;

Dejan BULI

THE EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATION GRADINA-LISINA,

ON THE WEST KOPAONIK

Summary

The Gradina-Lisina site is located on the west side of the Kopaonik moun-tain, in the municipality of Raka, from where there is a spectacular view towardthe west, and Kozija glava, Tiode and part of the Radoia village could be con-trolled. The view also extends to the important communication line toward whatis today Kosovo, as well as the site Gradina in Donja Rudnica, around 4.5 km away.

The fortress is in the shape of an irregular triangle, with the approxi-mate orientation NE-SW. It is narrowest around the entrance, and widest on thewest side, where the terrain is inaccessible due to a steep ravine. There wereno remnants of towers, but the impression is that there might have been onenear the entrance. Trench-like smaller depression before the entrance points tothe existence of a dry trench by the entrance. Bulwarks, preserved only in sev-eral rows of stones, were founded on live rock and built of crushed stone in ir-regular layers. Whitish limestone mortar was used as sorder.

Archaeological research was done with just three stratigraphic probes.Early Byzantine pottery from the 6th and early 7th centuries AD is accompa-nied with rare metal finds: a ring, half of the horseshoe for cattle, and severalpieces of slag. The only coin found is a piece coined in Viminacium during the3rd century AD. The metal slag points that mining was an important part of theeconomic activity of the inhabitants of this fortification. Besides the preservedtoponymy, this is also confirmed by the Turkish defters related to the Brveniknahija, dated 1519, 1533, and 1548.

This Early Byzantine fort confirms general characteristics of contemporaryfortifications. It has a free basis, adjusted to the terrain configuration, and withaccess from one side only. It is simply built, with the material available at the site,and with simple constructing solutions, devoid of any unnecessary aesthetic details.

When Kopaonik becomes an important mining region, it probably in-fluenced the development of a network of local roads, in order to exploit andtransport the ore. A number of Early Byzantine forts points to the importanceof the communication link through the valley of the Ibar river. From this link,at the extension of the leg from Novi Pazar, there was a road through what istoday a village of ipaino, to Suvo Rudite, then crossing the ridge ofKopaonik, and descending to the village of erekare, and then going throughKurumlija and Prokuplje to Ni, where it hit the Constantinople Road. Thefact that todays direction originates from the Early Byzantine period , if notearlier, is confirmed by the Gradina in Lisina, as well as the fortification inerekare, where the mentioned communication link went.

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