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luara sordia

mefistofelis saukune

da galaktion tabiZis poezia

Tbilisi 2011

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naSromSi galaktion tabiZis simbolur-alegoriuli saxeebis gaSifrviT naCvenebia,

rogor asaxa poetma RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragediebi. mefistofelis

saukunis kataklizmebi axsnilia RmerTis gzis uaryofiT.

naCvenebia revoluciisa da misi monapovrebis Sefaseba galaktionis mier,

gaSifrulia apokalifsuri saxeebi, religiur-politikuri Sinaarsis paradigmebi.

poetis mier movlenebi danaxulia rogorc erovnuli, ise globaluri

gadasaxedidan. am aspeqtiT Seswavlilia galaktionis Sedevrebi.

gaTvaliswinebulia “Serigebis, gadarCenis cnebebSi nagulisxmevi religiur-

patriotuli qveteqstebi.

SerCeul problemaze dakvirvebam dagvarwmuna, rom poetebis mefes, miuxedavad

imisa, rom aTeistur epoqaSi icxovra, kavSiri ar gauwyvetia uzenaes sawyisebTan,

mudam qristianuli samebis, Cveni zeciuri dedis erTguli rCeboda da Tavisi

Semoqmedebis upirveles misiad rwmenis ganmtkicebas, xalxisTvis taZrisken savali

gzis gakvlevavs miiCnevda.

naSromi gankuTvnilia studenti bakalavrebis, magistrantebis, aseve

doqtorantebisa da saerTod galaktionis poeziiT dainteresebuli

mkiTxvelebisTvis.

redaqtori: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

sruli profesori avTandil nikoleiSvili

recenzentebi: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

sruli profesori nazi xelaia

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, diana alania

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Sinaarsi

Sesavali--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

Tavi I

RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragediebis asaxva galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi

gaTelili, gayinuli, gauCinarebuli, gadaSenebuli, gardacvlili yvavili da misi

variaciebi _rwmenis uaryofis macne --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Casuli, qimerebSi Cavardnili, landad qceuli, gardacvlili mzisa da dakarguli

mziani Ramis saxeebi galaktionis poeziaSi --------------------------------------------------------------- 16

idumali sxivebis natvra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

iagundis Camqrali Suqis anTebis survili -------------------------------------------------------- 22

uCinari cecxlis wyurvili ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

damSrali da amRvreuli wyaros paradigmebi ---------------------------------------------------- 28

daviwyebuli siyvarulis xsovna ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31

daRupuli xomaldebis reqviemi ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34

gamqrali zafxulis sevda ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38

gamxmar vazebsa da Tovlian alvebze wuxili--------------------------------------------------- 41

mitovebuli gzis monatreba------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44

netari dRisa da Zveli dReebis mogoneba--------------------------------------------------------- 46

Zveli wignebis areuli gverdebi----------------------------------------------------------------------- 48

Sen...… sicocxlisTvis ar Segixedavs-----------------------------------------------------------------51

Camqrali sanTlebis anTebis misiiT ------------------------------------------------------------------ 53

sabedniero sulis Zieba ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

Tavi II

jvarze gakruli elva _ poetis lurji da

SemoRamebuli da dabindebuli mTis, kuboSi Casvenebuli, dangreuli zecis,

gamqrali faruli cis, daWrili Rrublis, dacemuli koSkis, damsxvreuli graalis

koSkis, gadaSenebuli, damWknari da kuboSi moqceuli iebis, elvisgan daRunuli

dedofali alvis, jvarze gakruli elvis, TovlSi wyebad dawvenili zambaxebis,

udabnoSi gauCinarebuli mandilis, qarisgan gaZarculi atmis xis, Camqrali

lampris, Catexili xidis, gamqrali samoTxis, gauCinarebuli saunjis, ivlisisferi

yinvis Tasebis, moliani beWdebis, gafiTrebuli iagundis, iagundis Camqrali Suqis,

gauCinarebuli da bacilebiani mTvaris, uezoo saxlis, setyviT daRupuli venaxis,

oxrad STenili Cardaxis, mgloviare qnaris saxeebi _ mariam RvTismSoblis

ignorirebis mauwyebeli…-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59

“koSki”------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69

“atmis yvavilebis” cikli ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76

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“saRamos” saxe-simboloebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87

“avdris molodini” ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90

“dominos” problematika da saxeebi ----------------------------------------------------------------- 94

“silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi” ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 105

“Tovli” ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 112

“verxvebi” ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118

“ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT” --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122

Tavi III

revoluciisa da misi monapovrebis Sefaseba galaktionis poeziaSi -----------------129

demoni da misi variaciebi galaktionis poeziaSi----------------------------------------------------140

Tavi IV

apokalifsuri saxeebi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------147

Tavi V

baRi galaktion tabiZis saxismetyvelebaSi--------------------------------------------------------152

Tavi VI

Cemi samSoblos sanaxavidan

“mSobliuri efemera” --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------161

avdris, uamindobis, zamTris, Tovlis saxeTa qveteqstebiT samSoblos bedisa Tu

ubedobis gacxadeba -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 166

samSoblod saxeldebuli “arawminda Tovlis” mxare ---------------------------------------- 170

“auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji yinuli” ----------------------------------------------------- 175

“Rrublebi hgvanan amRvreul tvinebs” -------------------------------------------------------------- 179

Tavi VII

“Serigeba” --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184

gadarCenis himni da gadarCenis bedniereba ------------------------------------------------------ 187

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Sesavali

dRes, iseve, rogorc meoce saukunis ocian wlebSi, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom

“daeca locva da poezia”. irgvlic gaismis “dacinva, wyroma da ironia”.

msoflio moqalaqeni, masonoba, kosmopolitizmi walekviT emuqreba yovelive

erovnuls da am devebis “ugono aurzaurSi” Cvenamde sustad aRwevs is saRvTo

hangebi, is kosmiuri harmonia, romelic moixelTa poetebis mefem da rac mxolod

rCeulT, naTelmsmenT xelewifebaT.

didi xelovneba yovelTvis gamoirCeva religiurobiT da sulieri individualobis

mauwyebeli mxatvruli ZalisxmeviT.

galaktion tabiZis umTavresi Tavisebureba, misi gamorCeuloba ganumeorebeli

enigmebiT mowodebuli qristianuli principebia.

poets erTdroulad awvalebda erovnuli da msoflio wylulebi. meoce saukunis

aTian-ocian wlebSi akaki wereTlis mimbaZvelTa mier dakninebulrealizms man

daupirispira poeturi universalizmi, umaRlesi realizmi da qarTuli poeziis

renesanss miaRwia.

yoveli qarTveli, vinc misi didi Semoqmedebis embazSi ganibana, am genialuri

lirikosis TvaliT xedavs Cvens qveyanas, mis problemebs, globalur satkivrebs.

poets awamebda erovnuli triadis _ ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba _ daviwyeba da

qimerebSi Cavardnili, gardacvlili, Camqrali, landad qceuli Tu dakarguli

mziani Ramis saxeebSi afiqsirebda RmerTis, sikeTis ignorirebas. mis SemoqmedebaSi

ismis damsxvreuli rwmenis gemis, daRupuli xomaldebis reqviemi, damSrali da

amRvreuli wyaros, dalewili, damdablebuli da kuboSi Casvenebuli cis sevda,

gaTelili, gauCinarebuli, daSxamuli yvavilebis, TovlSi dacemuli zambaxebis

xilviT gacxadebuli tragizmi uRmerTobisa, gamqrali edemis nostalgia da es

saxeebi uaryofili rwmenis, sulis gaudaburebis ubedurebas gvaziarebs.

galaktioni SeZruli iyo “avdris molodiniT”, SeigrZnobda “kosmiur sicives”,

awamebda gayinuli cis xilva, faruli cis sidiadis gaqroba, gayinuli Tasis,

ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebis, Savi Tovlis movlineba da yvela am saxeSi erovnuli

triadis gaufasurebis tkivilia.

poeti xedavda yazbegis Sublze Rrublis saburvels, darialidan esmoda

sabediswero zari, mamulSi ucxo xalxis Jriamuli aZrwunebda da eWvebi

aemgzavreboda.

winamorbed klasikosTa darad, Cveni tragediebis mizezad erovnul-

sarwmunoebrivi problemebis daviwyebas miiCnevda, amxelda apokalifsur mxecebs da

darwmunebuli iyo “alvis xis gadarCenaSi” (alva sicocxlis xis, anu RmerTis

simboloa).

qarTveli orfeosi xsnis gzas RmerTisken mibrunebaSi xedavda: “gulSi JRers

ra xania, siyvarulis simRera, rogorc erTaderTi xsna, erTaderTi imedi” (ilias

motivi). qmnida ra siyvarulis simReras, siyvarulis simfonias, RmerTis rangSi

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moiazrebda mamuls da misi maradiulobis rwmena acocxlebda, saukuneebis Tovlis

dadnobis imedi ar tovebda: “saukuneTa Tovlo, iTovle, mainc dadneba eg

naTovlari”, “rac aireva da daireva, rac daingreva, kvlav aSendeba”(mSvidobis

wigni).

galaktioni qveynis fizikuri silamazis gamoxatviT rodi kmayofildeba, misi

poezia qmediTi erovnuli ideologiiT gamoirCeva, rac momavalSi gasaRwevi gzebis,

WiSkrebis, karebis Ziebas, mSvidobis wignis (wigni RmerTis simboloa) Tvalis

CiniviT gafrTxilebas, galavnian koSkSi mis Senaxvas gulisxmobs, radgan

darwmunebulia, rom “Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls sdevs mxolod wyevla da

SeCveneba” (Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls), rwmenis Semryvnels “sanTlebis,

wignebis wyevla da SeCveneba” elodeba (domino).

galaktioni ara mxolod xilulis, uxilavis poetia, romelmac miRmiurSi

gadaixeda, sulieri samyaros jerac Seucnobel saidumloebebs gvaziara da Tavisi

integraluri poeziiT yofna-aryofnis ucdomeli gadasaxedidan ixila samyaro da

adamiani.

misi poeziis saswaulebi SeiZleba SevadaroT qristes saswaulebs saxarebaSi.

qarTvel orfeoss “aTasis mxedveloba, aTasis mze, asi aTasis smena” hqonda. igi

gvagonebs aspirian, asxelian ufals, arjunas rom gamoecxada “bhagavad-gitaSi” da

misi mravalsaxeobiT gaognebuls aTqmevina: “Semiwyale me, ar ZalmiZs Seni

sacnauryofa”.

roca galaktionis leqsis jadosnur musikas eziarebi da ganumeorebeli

metaforebis urTules CanafiqrTan miaxloebas cdilob, Seni uZlurebiT SeboWils

gaxsendeba dante: “SeZlebas, nebisyofas kacTaganis, frTeni asxia uTanabro

Zalmosilebis”.

mziTSemosili, sixarulSemosili iyo galaktioni, igi iyo “wodebuli serobad

kravis” da amitomac saqarTvelos Tanamdevi es maradiuli suli, romelsac

samyaros pirveli saxeebis Seqmna Tu rusTavelis bavSvoba axsovda, bolomde

Seucnobeli, amouwuravia da samaradisod davanebuli Suqis saxiT qarTul miwaze

Tu maradiul caSi.

galaktioni poeti winaswarmetyveli iyo, man araTu warsulis da awmyos

problemebi gaaanaliza, momavlidan moismina “saganTiado xmebi, “Sori gazafxulis”

musika, “momavlis Crdilis” mWmunvarebac ixila, sxvisTvis mouxelTebeli xmebi

moismina da “gadarCenis himni” Seqmna, xmaTa aRorZinebas miaRwia.

“Rrma sibrZniT Tvalanaxeli” poeti iyo adepti ara miwieri, aramed zeciuri

sibrZnisa, “ufskrulSi STamWvreti mzeriT” winaswar grZnobda momavlis movlenebs,

mtkiced idga sulis, sulierebis, rwmenis, siyvarulis, smSoblos gadasarCen

gzebze da qmnida “gadarCenis himns”, eziareboda “gadarCenis bednierebas”, raTa

Semdeg maradiuli cis simaRleSi Suqis saxiT damkvidrebuliyo: “Sen mxolod

maradi simaRle giSvelis, ros Suqad mSobliur cas SeeSenebi”.

am Suqs dacxroba ar uweria. misi gza taZrisken savali gzaa, gadarCenis

zeciuri bilikebia, saRvTo velia.

galaktioni xedavda “sxvisTvis uxilav-faruls”, gonieri zecis binadarT da, amave

dros, uaRresad aqtualuri da progresuli socialur-politikuri Sinaarsis

matarebelia misi poezia.

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galaktions uyvarda ara muxambazebi, daira, aRmosavluri baiaTebi, ara

romanseroebi, aramed dardis, sikvdilis dammarcxebeli saRvTo hangebi, samoTxis

xmebi, Sua zRvaze gadamyvani frTebiani simRerebi, Sua zRvaze gadamyvani ki

mxolod samyaros Semoqmedi RmerTia: “gevedrebi, gamagone is simRera, me rom

miyvars, laJvardovan frTebis mqone, Sua zRvad rom gadamiyvans” (odes mZime rame

dardi).

poeti emijneboda leqsSi “usulgulo niSnebs”, demonur, saSinel beWeds,

satanuri SeTqmulebis wevrobis damaxasiaTeblad miaCnda “qveyniuri yalbi

enamWevroba” da “mSobliuri miwis ubralo, gasageb enas” eTayvaneboda (ena

mSobliuri miwis).

ara oqroebi, miliardebi, aramed oqros qnari da “unapiro gza” (gza saRmrTo

saxelia) iyo misi ideali (Tqven genatrebaT).

mwvervalebisken ucdomeli svlis sawindari iyo guli da sindisi, simarTlis

kandeli (fiWvi biWvinTis).

roca saxelmwifoebriv doneze amoiZirkva rwmena, galaktioni simarTlis xes

rgavda “mkvidr-naTeli fesviT” (o, xeo simarTlisao).

misi devizi iyo: “ganiaxle, ganiaxle !”

poetis mizani iyo aTeisturi epoqis mier dakarguli rwmenis aRdgena, xalxis

gulisTqmis gamoxatva da misi xma iyo “daris dareba”: “is mReris, rogorc daris

dareba, imisi guli xalxis gulia, masSi moismis idumalTa xmiT mwuxareba,

grZnoba, romelic dakargulia” (grZnoba, romelic dakargulia).

galaktionis leqsebis tragizmi gapirobebulia totaluri borotebiT, rac

uRmerTo epoqis maxasiaTebelia.

“ratom gaismis “jon ridis” avtoris xmaSi ase uRmerTod rwmenis dakargvis

sagangaSo zari?” _ kiTxulobs profesori revaz miSvelaZe da imowmebs striqonebs

misi Semoqmedebidan: “Semoqmedebav, azro, gonebav, ubraloebaT warsulTa wamTa, is

aRara mwams, rac winaT mwamda, rodemde vivliT aseT tkiviliT?”

rwmenis Caqrobis tkivilze aqcenti SemTxveviT ar miaCnia mecniers: “magram es dRe

dRevandeli guls daawva msgavsad lodis, rwmenac Cahqra, viT kandeli da moeRo

bolo lodins” (uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tb. 1999, gv. 280).

prof. revaz miSvelaZe saubrobs galaktionis tragediis kompleqsur mizezebze da

gansakuTrebulad gamoyofs rwmenis dakargvis problemebs.

“fsalmunTa Seqmnis epoqaSi aTeizmi da ugunureba sinonimad iTvleboda: “sTqva

ugunurman gulsa Tvissa Sigan: ara ars RmerTi”. Tumca dRevandel epoqaSi

fsevdointeleqtualuri inteligenciisTvis ugunurebis sinonimad rwmena qceula

(zviad gamsaxurdia, “dilema kacobriobis winaSe, Tb. 1991, gv. 10-11).

“kacobrioba gzas aacdines mtrulma Zalebma, mcdarma msoflmxedvelobrivma

demagogiurma socialur-politikurma mimdinareobebma, nacvlad am idealisa, mas

dausaxes ideali amsofliuri keTildReobisa, praqtikuli sargeblianobisa,

socialur-ekonomikuri samoTxisa”(iqve, gv. 42).

socializmis “jojoxeTuri samoTxis” arss gvicnobierebda galaktioni da amaSia

misi didi moqalaqeobrivi gmiroba.

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Tavi I

RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragediebis asaxva galaktionis poeziaSi

gaTelili, gayinuli, gauCinarebuli, gadaSenebuli, gardacvlili yvavili

da misi variaciebi _ rwmenis uaryofis macne

galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi yvelaze didi adgili uWiravs saRvTo siyvarulis

ideas da am grZnobas ewodeba zeqveyniuri siyvaruli, siyvaruli mziani, siyvaruli

pirveli, siyvaruli ukanaskneli, sruli trfoba, sxva siyvaruli, jer yvelasgan

miukvleveli siyvaruli.

saRmrTo siyvarulze mimaniSnebel simboloebad migvaCnia “trfobis wminda

yvavili, idumali, Soreuli satrfo, idumaleba Soreul trfobis, satrfo

varskvlavi”.

qarTvel poets am gzaze didi tradiciebi uZRoda win: platonis moZRvreba

miwiur da ciur erosze, siyvarulis areopagituli moZRvreba, aRmosavluri

sufizmi, dantes “RvTaebrivi komedia”, rusi da evropeli simbolistebis

Semoqmedeba, SoTa rusTavelis “vefxistyaosani”,daviT guramiSvilis, vaxtang VI,

nikoloz baraTaSvilis, akaki wereTlis, vaJa-fSavelas poezia.

Ggalaktioni uzenaes, upirveles grZnobad RvTis rwmenas, “pirvel siyvaruls”

saxavda da Tavis SedevrebSi ganumeorebeli mxatvruli saxeebiT afiqsirebda am

wminda grZnobis erTgulebas, amasTan, RmerTisuarmyofeli aTeisturi epoqis

tragediebsac gvicnobierebda enigmuri, simbolur-metaforuli saxeebiT. mis

poeziaSi TvalSi sacemia Camqrali, landad qceuli, qimerebSi Cavardnili,

gardacvlili, Casuli mzis, gauCinarebuli Suqis, sxivis, cecxlis saxeebi,

damsxvreuli rwmenis gemis, dalewili xomaldebis, CaZiruli navebis reqviemi,

gamxmari vazis, gaTelili, gardacvlili, gaZarculi, burusebis iqiT gadakarguli,

daSxamuli vardebis tkivili, gamqrali zafxulis, gardasuli gazafxulis sevda;

damSrali wyaros, gamxmari baRis, Tovliani alvis gamotireba; TvalSi gvecema

dalewili, Worfliani, talaxiani cis xseneba, gafiTrebuli iagundis dRe,

dangreuli koSkebi, graalis koSkebi imsxvreva da maTi mravalmniSvnelovani,

dafaruli qveteqstebiepoqalur ubedurebaze migvaniSnebs.

amjerad Tvali gadavavloT rwmenis ignorirebaze mimaniSnebel yvavilTa saxeebs.

leqsi “mimRere rame” swored saRvTo siyvarulis uaryofaze migvaniSnebs

burusebs iqiT gauCinarebuli sicocxlis dilis yvavilebis saxiT: “rogor

miyvarda, magram xsovna im trfobis srulis darCa Cems gulSi waruSleli da

mokamkame, imas igonebs mogoneba daRalul gulis, im siyvarulis mimRere rame !”.

“trfoba sruli” saRvTo siyvarulia, igive “pirveli siyvaruli”. am grZnobis

daviwyeba usayvedura qristem efesos eklesias ioane RvTismetyvelis

gamocxadebaSi: “Sens sawinaaRmdegod is maqvs, rom miatove Seni pirveli

siyvaruli” (ioanes gamocxadeba, 2,4,) (1, 492).

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galaktionis gulSi waruSleli, mudmivi adgili ukavia am grZnobas, magram

wamebis mizezi is aris, rom burusebs iqiT aris gauCinarebuli “yvavilebi

sicocxlis dilis”:”axalgazrdoba, yvavilebi sicocxlis dilis burusebs iqiT

gadikarga, rogor vewame, axla Tavs madgas mWmunvareba momavlis Crdilis, im

siyvarulis mimRere rame.

yvavili qristes simboluri saxelia da es saxe momdinareobs solomonis qebaTa

qebidan: “yvavilebi daCndnen miwis pirze, Jami galobisa moiwia da xma gvritisa

ismis Cvens mxareSi” (qebaTa-qeba, a2)(2, 15).

sicocxle, cxovreba aseve qristes miemarTeba. saxarebaSi qriste aris “gza,

cxovreba, WeSmariteba” (ioane, 14, 6)(1, 21).

dila mariamis simbolod gvesaxeba.

“mWmunvare momavlis Crdilic” qristes simboloa. pavle mociqulis epistoleSi

Ze RmerTs “momavlis Crdili” ewodeba (pavle mociquli, kolaselTa, 2, 17)(1, 433).

qriste aris agreTve “momavlis mRvdelTmTavari” (pavle mociquli, ebraelTa, 9,

1) (1, 478).

galaktionis leqsidan irkveva, rom burusebs iqiT gauCinarda RvTisa da

RvTismSoblis saTno saxeebi, maRal idealebs Seagebes gesli, axalgazrdobis

dauZlurebis, cecxlis, ganadgurebis da “waruSleli mwuxarebis” ganmcdels, isev

im maRali siyvarulis, RvTaebrivi saTnoebis nostalgia gauCnda (3, 11).

galaktionis poezia gamoirCeva saRmrTo vardebisaTvis gamzadebuli tragizmis

variaciebiT.

leqsi “rogorc sizmari”, romelic daTariRebulia 1915 wliT, gvauwyebs, rom

yvavils Casafrebia “ganadgurebis qari”: “simwriTaivso yvavilT neqtari,… yvavilTa

Soris siamis nacvlad ganadgurebis qanaobs qari” (3, 212).

“atmis yvavilebSi” (1915 w.) beberi qari “avobs”, iZarcveba atmis yvavili da

sikvdilis msxverpli xdeba ucxo mxaris “dedofali” _ atmis yvavili: “yvavili igi

mokvda da Cqara wiTlad dafara baRis biliki. mefobs sikvdili Wknobis msurveli.

gaqra surneli, daWkna yvavili !” (3, 290).

Cvenis azriT, atmis xe mariam RvTismSoblis simboloa, yvavili _ qristesi.

mariami moixseneba agreTve, rogorc “nazi qali”, ucxo mxaris dedofali, qristes

saxeebad moazrebulia gazafxuli, nami, mze (ix. amaze aqve “atmis yvavilebis”

cikli).

“atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo“ akonkretebs epoqas, sadac zRva da sisxli

mZvinvarebs, sadac rtos gadarCena saeWvo gamxdara: “napralebze gadaimsxvra nergi,

axla zRvaa, axla sisxlis droa. Tu gadarCi, xom gadarCi, kargi, atmis rtoo,

daRalulo rtoo” (3, 290).

rto saRmrTo saxelia.

leqsSi “guli” (3, 320) megobrad dasaxuli mosisxle mtris mier dawyvetili

vardebi, dangreuli Zeglebi da qandakebebi amxels qveynis ubedurebas.

“Semodgomis dReSi” (3, 328-329) “mkvdar yvavilebis fenas grZnobs momakvdavi

baRi”.

1915 wels daweril leqsSi “saRamo” yuradRebas iqcevs jvarze gakruli elva _

poetis da _ mariami da urCi axalgazrdobis mier gaTelili lurji yvavili:

“jvarze gakruli elva _ es Cemi daa lurji, lurj yvavilebis Telva,

axlgazrdoba urCi! jvarTan misuli suro _ martoobaa qnaris “ (3, 254).

10

vfiqrobT, elva mariamis saxelia, lurji yvavili _ qristeze mianiSnebs (4, 113-

117).

1914 wels dawerili “samreklo udabnoSi“ (5, 40) yuradRebas iqcevs ianvris

TovliT damWknari sulis iebiT, SiSveli, TeTri yvaviliT, wuxilis sagania

codvili xelebi, damaluli Ralati, TeTri beWdebis Tvlebi: “ianvris Tovli,

ianvris Tovli aWknobs Cems sulSi naadrev iebs da Cemi suli... swuxs codvil

xelebs, dafarul codvebs, damalul Ralats, nazi frCxilebis grZel zambaxebs,

swuxs sxvagvr cremlebs, TeTr beWdebis Tvlebs, _ SiSvel, TeTr yvavils”.

SiSveli, TeTri yvavili miniSnebaa uaryofil qristeze.

TeTri beWedi mariamis simboloa. N”nevmirebuliZlispirnis” mixedviT, mariami

aris zecis “beWedi” (6, 821).

sulis ia agreTve miemarTeba RvTismSobels. vaxtang VI poeziaSi mariami

moxsenieba, rogorc “ubiwo ia” (7, 18).

poetis wuxilis mizezi RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqaa da misi suli wuxs, “viT

samreklo cis udabnoSi (“samreklo udabnoSi”).

saRmrTo yvavilis ignorirebis wuxilia leqsSi “zRaprebidan” (1915): “o,

gaigoneT Cemi wuxili vardebSi rguli”. aqve “sneuli verxvi” oxravs. verxvi

sicocxlis xis simboloa, sicocxlis xe ki RmerTis saxelia.

leqsSi “verxvebi” (1915 w.) “sadRac dakarguli vardi da gvirilebi” poetis

mogonebaSi mudmivad arsebobs. igi “paJia”, erTguli msaxuria “yvavilebis”

(qristesi) da princesis _ mariamis (5, 47).

mariami xom mefis asulia, princesaa, dedofalia.

ai ras gvauwyebs daviT winaswarmetyvelis fsalmuni: “taxti Seni, RmerTo,

ukuniTi ukunisamdea, simarTlis kverTxia Seni kverTxi”.

“Sens gverdiT dadga dedofali ofiris oqroTi Semkuli (fs. 44, 7, 10) (2, 562).

Ze RmerTis, mesiis gverdiT mdgari dedofali, bibliis komentatorTa mixedviT,

mxolod RvTismSobelia: “vin aris is dedofali, … romelic mesiis gverdiT

dauyenebiT ra Tqma unda, im Zis, im mesiis deda, sxva vin unda iyos mesiis gverdiT

mdgomi qali?” (8, 152).

leqsSi “es iyo 15 wlis winaT” _ grigali aRebs poetis karebs da

gulismomkvleli qviTiniT xdeba Zieba idealis: “…me TvaliT veZebdi zambaxis

princesas, mwyuroda cisferi vardebi” (1927 w.) (5, 312).

vfiqrobT, “cisferi vardebi” qristes, zambaxis princesamariamis simboloebia

(ix. amaze Cveni werili galaktionis “zambaxis princesa” (4, 13-18).

“Semodgomis fragmentSi” (1916 w.) ganwiruli, gaZarculi yvavilebisa da

gaSavebuli cis Semyure poeti kiTxulobs: “es yvavilebi, es ca miTxariT, aravis

Tqvengans ar enaneba ?” (5, 76).

usasrulod izrdeba aseTi magaliTebi galaktionis poeziaSi.

leqsSi “werilidan misadmi” (1916 w.) cremliani yvavilebi iqcevs yuradRebas:

“ros im yvavilebis cremlebs vaToveb, gTxov, sasikvdilod nu mimatoveb” (3, 350).

“Wkneba vardebi rguli, qari qanaobs qnarad, ar gamTeldeba guli? wynarad,

warsulo, wynarad!” _ gvauwyebs leqsi “qari qanaobs qnarad” (1924 w.) (9, 48).

qarisagan dalewili foTlebi, yvavilebi, ca miniSnebaa epoqiseul tragediebze,

rac mZafri tkiviliT savse SekiTxvas amoakvnesebs “Semodgomis fragmentis”

11

avtors: “oh, es foTlebi fenili qariT, es mwuxare da nazi zmaneba, es yvavilebi,

es ca, miTxariT, aravis Tqvengans ar enaneba?”

“angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti” (1917) gamomSvidobebaa “ciurTa Tanad”

ocnebasTan, imsxvreva graalis koSkebi (graali suliwmindis simboloa),

gafiTrebulia “Rrubeli feradi” (mariami), “alva tanadi” (qriste). angelozi

TiTqos ganaCens kiTxulobs, eSveba fardebi da “kvdeba vardebi”, romelsac

gulistkiviliT emSvidobeba leqsis lirikuli gmiri.

leqsi “aw kivilisTvis irevian” (1927 w.) afiqsirebs jojoxeTur yofas, roca

brZolis gamfetiSebel epoqas codvad miuCnevia vardebis siyvaruli da

mSvenierebis, uzenaesis siyvaruls “dacinvas, wyromas, ironias” upirispirebs:

“jojoxeTi...… garda brZolisa, yvelaferi iqneba codva, TviT es vardebic, ase

mgonia, gaismis, rogorc mogonebis SeSlili bodva, dacinva, wyroma da ironia” (3,

301).

“gulo, ra gemarTeba?” (1927 w.) isev xazs usvams “vardis” zedmetobas: “vardebi

ar arian, magram ra mevardeba?” (5, 318).

“ornamentSi” (1948 w.) simboluri yinva emuqreba yvavilebs: “gareT yinvaa,

yvavilebic gadaiyina” (10, 242).

mokled, XX saukunis dasawyisidan 80-90-ian wlebamde grZeldeboda aTeizmis

zeobis periodi da galaktionis tkivili ar neldeboda 1959 wlis 17 martis

tragediamde.

1917 wels uRmerTobaze “nawvimar silaSi vardis” saxiT, “sabedniero sulis”

(RmerTis) gauCinarebiT migvaniSna (silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi)(5, 129).

“aRar aris menestreli” (1912 w.) yornebis Cxavilis, Tovlis fonze gviCvenebs

idealuri yvavilis silisaTvis gametebas: “iyo irgvliv zianeba da yornebis

Cxavili, Tovlma silas mianeba novalisis yvavili”(5, 188).

vardebis sikvdilis, graalis koSkebis msxvrevis da uzenaesTan gamomSvidobebis

mauwyebelia angelozis pergamenti, rac apokalifsis darad gvicnobierebs uRmerTo

imperiaSi rwmenasTan gamoTxovebas (angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti)(1917 w.):

“saRamo neldeba da kvdeba vardebi,… mSvidobiT, mSvidobiT, mSvidobiT” (5, 132).

leqsSi “guli” (1919 w.) megobrad dasaxuli mosisxle mtris xelobad aRiqmeba

vardebis dawyveta: “megobrad myavda dasaxuli mosisxle mteri... dawyvetil vardebs

Zalamoklul TvaliT davcqeri” (11, 155).

sxvagan ConCxebis, satanis, Ramis SiSs, qars yvavilebis sasikvdilo xvedri

enacvleba: “ras moelian vardebi rguli? yvavilebs Tibavs elvaTa celi, Tendeba.

qarma waiRo guli da aTas cxraas meoce weli. (magida alembikebiT)(11, 186).

leqsi “gadauReblad” (3, 54) gvauwyebs zafxulis gaqrobas, yvavilTa Wknobas:

“gahqra zafxuli,… wavida is dRe,ros meore dRes SvebiT vxvdebodi, me yvavilebi

mesizmreboda da me yvavilebs vesizmrebodi.… daWkna yvavilTa narnari grova,…guli

wuxs da wuxs,… gareT wvims da wvims…”.

dacvenili vardebi, CamoSlili Suqi, uCvevi naTelis gauCinareba da Cveuli sicivea

leqsSi “alvebi TovlSi” (3, 720).

poeti amaod eZebs “nacnob yvavils”, Tumca mravlad xedavs “ucxo da Soreul

mdinaris napirTa” vardebs (me moval)(3, 76).

saRvTo vardebisadmi gulgrilobas, aTeist revolucionerTa arahumanur

saqmianobas xazgasmiT gvamcnobs striqonebi: “irgvliv nisli sufevda, vardebs

12

Sxami eria, magram wynarad ambobdi: iyos, araferia!” (revolucioneris xsovnas) (1922

w.) (11, 201).

1923 wels dawerili “mSobliuri efemera” erovnuli Rirebulebebis

damdablebas, uRmerTobas, moyvris niRbiT movlenili mezoblis veragobas,

RrubliT Semosili yazbegis, dacarielebuli yvavilTa cis da darialidan

mosmenili zaris STambeWdavi xatebiT SegvagrZnobinebs: “yazbegis Subli Semoses

RrubliT da ca alubliT savsea,… kmara!… yvavilTa cidan kalaTebs clidnen,

darialidan zaravda zara” (11, 2170).

Rame, mRvrie qariSxali, ayiravebuli zambaxTa kalaTi isaxeba Ralatis

dagvirgvinebad leqsSi “guli grZnobs” (1927 w.): “elvare Rame ayiravebs zambaxTa

kalaTs. Sen gaxsovs? mRvrie qariSxali haers rom revda; guli grZnobs Ralats” 9,

63).

“oqros Saravandedisgan” gaZarcul “saamo vardeTSi” sikvdilis xmis “mosmena”

amZafrebs tragizms leqsSi “40 wlis win”: “…sikvdilis xmiT Seififqa es saamo

vardeTi, TavganwirviT ecleba oqros Saravandedi”.

“verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqris uSoresi Sriali” (verxvi sicocxlis xe, anu

RmerTis saxelia) da “sadRac dakarguli vardi da gvirilebi” (romlebsac poetis

mogonebaSi samudamod daumkvidrebiaT adgili) gvagrZnobinebs RmerTisuarmyofeli

epoqis tragedias leqsSi “verxvebi” (5, 47).

poema “mSvidobis wignSi” mravlad aris jagi, ekali, WinWari, samagierod, ar Cans

iebi, vardebi da poeti sasowarkveTili xmiT kiTxulobs: “vis rad eneba gadaSeneba

iaT da vardTa?” (12, 242). poema dawerilia aTeizmis zeobis peroidSi _ 1945-56

wlebSi.

araswori gzebis, burusis, peterburgis yinulis, Savi gulis, locvis magier

frTiani qimerebis batonobis, wminda qarTuli azrovnebis danaSaulad

gamocxadebis tkivilia leqsSi “918”. Aamave dros, leqsis lirikuli gmiri “udabnos

yvavilis” (qristes simboloa) Tavganwiruli mZebnelia. leqsSi aris imis tkivilic,

rom qarTveli kaci maradiuli ianiCaria, anu sxvis omSi meomari, rac ilia

WavWavaZis “ianiCaris” asociacias iwvevs. es mravalgvari sawuxari erTad aris

leqsSi emociurad gadmocemuli: “magram uecrad modis burusi da Sors, Zlier

Sors peterburgia ! oh, mepatios, guli-yinuli, TeTrad spetaki marad Savia, wminda

qarTuli da rutinuli azrisTvis igi damnaSavea! Semdeg udabnos yvavilTa mzogar

TvaliT mZebneli da marebeli, vudarajebdiT, Tu qarSi rogor acda liandags

matarebeli; da migvafrenda locvaT magier frTian qimeraT gviani jari, oh,

verasodes gverds ver agiar me, udroobis ianiCari!” (5, 173).

“elegiaSi” (1914 w.) gamqralia gazafxuli, yvavilebi, rwmena, usixaruloa

arseboba da elegiuri ganwyobileba isadgurebs sulSi: “ra adre gahqra

gazafxulis mziani Crdili, ra adre gahqra Cemi yrmoba, Cemi sizmari!... droo

boroto, sad wariRe Cemi fiqrebi! droo boroto, sad damarxe ocneba wynari?…

sadaa Cemi yvavilebi, sadaa rwmena? zecav,sastiko, mipasuxe, miTxari rame!...” (5, 33).

gazafxuli da yvavilebi saRmrTo saxelebia.

qronologiurad, saqveyno araswori svlebi aTeisturi marqsizmis pirmSo social-

demokratebis movlinebiT iwyeba, amitom mwuxare notebi ismis aTiani wlebis

leqsebSic: “bunebav, trfobis wminda yvavili rom damabare, versad ver vpove,

13

bedniereba CemTvis ar aris, bedkruli Svili gamomiglove” (“yvavilebi” _ 1910 w.)

(11, 33).

“trfobis wminda yvavili” RmerTis saxelia.

leqsSi “ar Rirs erT cremlad” “setyviT” daRupuli yvavilebisa da venaxebis

sevdaa. aqve yuradRebas iqcevs sxvaTa fuWsityvaobisa da usagno Rriancelis

ganqiqeba: “mTeli Rrianceli yvela poetebis, dausrulebeli roca kamaTia, ar Rirs

im erT cremlad, Tvals rom moedebis daRrma mogonebam me rom damaTia. magram

dacemuli arvis venaxvebi, Tumca mravalia gulSi dagubuli, rogorc yvavilebi,

rogorc venaxebi, dausrulebeli setyviT daRupuli” (11, 371).

magram urwmunoebiT gulSi gaCenili udabno momavalSi RmerTTan SerigebiT

ganaTdeba, aseTi imediania poeti: “Sen nu daecemi, Sen nu SeSindebi, gulis

udabnosTan brZolas eg ar igebs, jer ar Sebinddeba, yvela amaoa, mxolod

gamarjveba RmerTTan Segvarigebs” (11, 371).

poeti gamudmebiT eZebda “zambaxis princesas” (mariams), ar asvenebda “cisferi

vardebis” wyurvili (es iyo 15 wlis winaT) (5, 312).

1915-1918 w. iqmneba “atmis yvavilebis” cikli, romelic uRmerTobis,

uRvTismSoblobis tragedias afiqsirebs mignebuli, ganumeorebeli mxatvruli

saxeebiT. (ix. dawvrilebiT: 4, 99-113).

poeti “cisfer yvavils” evedreba ar daWknes, mas swyuria Tavisi qnariT

gaacocxlos yviTeli foTlebi, yviTeli vardebi (yviTeli foToli) (5, 55).

leqsSi “gaqrnen zafxulis dReni” (1925 w.) Rrma qveteqstis mqone frazaa “qari

yvavilebs urevs” (10, 276).

da poetis mizani xdeba grigalisgan, Ramisgan vardebis gadarCena: “viT locva,

edeba saRamo mzis kalTebs, Sors qari gahkivis, bneldeba TandaTan. me gaval am

qarSi, gavitan am vardebs da Seni lodinis simReras gavatan” (“locvisTvis” _ 1919

w.) (11, 162).

amitomac galaktionis mizani xdeba Seqmnas “lodinis simRera”, “gadarCenis

simRera”, “gadarCenis himni”, “imedebi usazRvro da gansazRvrul mxareTa”.

poetis erTaderTi wuxilia “Cveni… deka da Rvia” (me erTaderTi mqonda wuxili _

1923 w.) (11, 215).

galaktions “Semodgomis yvavilebi” mihqonda didebasTan da maradis axsovda “erTi

Sori ocneba Zvel motividan” (gulo, ra gemarTeba _ 1927 w.) (t. II, 836).

dideba suliwmindis atributia. “RvTismetyvelebaSi suliwmidis RmrTeebaze

saubrisas mudam aRniSnaven mis didebas da brwyinvalebas: “rameTu didebisai igi

da RmrTisai suli Tquen zeda gansvenebul ars” (I petre, 4, 14) (13, 126).

“ornamentSi” (1948 w.) “gareT yinvaa, yvavilebic gadaiyina”.

“guli” (1919 w.) gvauwyebs, rom “megobrad dasaxuli mtris” naxelavia

“dawyvetili vardebi” (rwmenis uaryofa): “megobrad myavda dasaxuli mosisxle

mteri,… dawyvetil vardebs Zalamoklul TvaliT davcqeri” (5, 155).

“portretSi” vardTan da zambaxTan Ramea da gveli sisinebs… (3, 222).

yvavilebTan demonebis, damaluli mxecis gamoCena, mongreuli zecis aqcentireba

RmerTismgmobeli, demonebTan daZmobilebuli epoqis Sinaarsze migvaniSnebs (sad

dasasruli iyo) (5, 66).

“TovlSi” (1916 w.) Cagvafiqrebs “mwuxare grZnoba qrolvis, mimovlis da

zambaxebis wyebad dawvena”, zamTrisagan gadarCenis natvra.

14

zambaxebi mariamis simbolod gvesaxeba, TovlSi dawvenili zambaxebi ukuRmarT

droSi damdablebuli mariamia, Cvenis azriT (5, 7) (ix. dawvrilebiT _ 4, 165-174).

SemodgomiT “aCales Cala”, wvimiT dayruebul gzebze, “Waobis vardebze”

fiqroben sxvebi, poets ki cecxlis SiSinSic akviatebia kiTxva: “mova Tu ara, mova

Tu ara?” (Srialebs Cala, 1927 w.) (5, 336).

RmerTis, rwmenis uaryofa (vardis WknobiT gamoxatuli) umamulod yofnis,

yovelives gaufasurebis tolfasia da amasTan Serigeba gaocebiT avsebs poets: “ar

megona, rom odesme dasWkneboda vardi, me megona _ magnoliebs ver dasZlevdaT

dardi. ar megona, ar megona, ar megona gulo, Tu amgvari gaxdebodi _ civi,

umamulo. da amgvarad Tu sicocxlis mokvdeboda kona _ ar megona, sicocxleo,

ara, ar megona” (ar megona). leqsis daweris TariRic _ 1937 weli _ Zalze

sagulisxmoa.

“keTilSobili vardebi” kvdebian “swrafi gardacvalebiT”, favni siciliT daZrwis

mTa-velad da daundoblad klavs yvavilebs (avadmyofs, 1925 w.).

mariam RvTismSoblis simbolod gvesaxeba “yvavilebis qali”, romelic wuxs

gansvenebul rwmenaze, damarxul imedebze, Camqral alze: “ai odesme mkrTali _

exla Camqrali ali, aq ganisvenebs rwmena, swuxs yvavilebis qali. swuxs yvavilebis

qali, xedavs damarxul imeds da ebindeba Tvali.… aq Zveli xana mokvda, swuxs

yvavilebis qali” (yvavilebis qali, 1926 w.).

poeti eTayvaneba warsulis “ia-zambaxis Tovls”, amasTan, “mzeTunaxavi alvis”

saxes amkvidrebs Tavis poeziaSi: “warsulma Ramem Sens fanjaraSi daTova Tovli

ia-zambaxis, Seni alva dgas, rogorc daraji, mzeTunaxavi da mkrTali saxis”

(avdris molodini).

ia-zambaxi mariamis, alva RmerTis simboluri saxelebia.

poetebis mefe ufrTxildeboda yvavilebs, rogorc “natvris Tvals”, mosavda

“natvris farCa-gvirgviniT” (yvavilebi-wuTebi) (11, 134).

galaktioni ugalobs “damWknar yvavilebs” (mariams _ “akaki wereTeli”), mTis

surnelovan vardebs, grigaliT, TovliT daumarcxebelT, romelTac Zala da

sixaruli mzisgan eniWebaT: “samxreTis mzis qveS, mTis haerSi hyvavian vardni _

ferad-feradni, mSvenierni, surneliT wminda, ar eSiniaT arc grigalis da arc

Tovl-vardnis, maTSi Zala da sixaruli mosWvivis mzidan” (rad uwodeben

saqarTvelos mgosanTa mxares?).

mTa mariamis, vardi, Zala, sixaruli _ qristes, mze _ mamaRmerTis simboloebia.

Tovlze uspetakesi sulis mqone poeti ver urigdeboda yinvaSi “gafurCqvnili

vardis” hangze momReral medrove vai-poetebis gniass: “ianvaria, Tovli hfaravs

quCebs da binebs, magram vinaa, rom jinaze aseT amindis “maisis vardni

gafurCqvnilis” xmiT miRiRinebs?” (samocdaaTi wlis poeti quCaSi midis).

usasrulod izrdeba galaktionis poeziaSi gaTelili, damWknari, cremliani,

gayinuli, nawvimari, gamqrali, dawyvetili, mocelili… yvavilebis ricxvi.

gazafxulze suls levs mSvenieri nami yvavilis gulze (ra mSvenieri iyo nami).

cvari, nami saRmrTo saxelia: “viqnebi cvari israelisTvis, ayvavdeba, rogorc

SroSani da libaniviT gaidgams fesvebs” (osia winaswarmetyveli, 12, 11).

megobrad dasaxuli mtrisgan dawyvetili vardebi da Zeglebi gvzaravs leqsSi

“guli” (1919 w.). masSi politikuri qveteqstebi ikiTxeba.

15

yvavilebis (rwmenis) kvdomas baRic sasikvdilo agoniiT moucavs (baRi kacuri

bunebaa ipolite romaelis mixedviT). RmerTis uaryofa adamianur siqveleTa

gaufasurebas moaswavebs. am azrs aseTi mignebuli saxeebiT gamoxatavs poeti:

“mkvdar yvavilebis fenas grZnobs momakvdavi baRi, guli iburavs wyenas, rogorc

katarRis daRi” (Semodgomis dRe) (3, 328).

leqsSi “me laJvardidan” dalewili vardis Rrublebi migvaniSnebs mTavar

problemaze: “vardis Rrublebi gadailewa, zecis magier qveyana iwvis”.vardi

qristianuli RmerTis, Rrubeli mariamis simboloa.

zambaxebic sikvdilis celis xvedri gaxdeba, winaswar grZnobs poeti: “mocelavs

maRal zambaxebs celi, atirdeba dro da Cemi leqsi” (cameti wlis xar) (5, 354).

“Savi yvavilis samudamod mkvdari foTolia” leqsSi “vin aris es qali?”. masSi

cisfer mSvenierebas Casafrebia gamanadgurebeli Caxmaxis wuTi.

miuxedavad epoqis sabediswero tendenciebisa, galaktion tabiZes arasodes

gauwyvetia kavSiri uzenaes sawyisebTan, igi eZebda da hpovebda “udabnos

yvavilebs”, beWdebze vardis cvars da locvis surneliT tkbeboda: “TiTqo

beWdebze dageyreba vardebis cvari da surnelebiT aivseba Seni locvani (saRamov,

vici) (11, 169).

beWedi mariamis simboloa (14, 124), vardis cvari _ qristianuli RmerTisa.

galaktionis devizi iyo “yvavilT SemoSeneba”, gamqrali rwmenis aRorZineba.

yvavilT momspobi jagis da eklis (cdomileba, urwmunoeba) uzenaesisgan mospobis

sjeroda poets: “jagic, ekalic bevrze bevria, spobs yvavils, ZaliT Tu Seeria.

bardebi? _ ambobs, _ ramdenic ginda, mravlobs, gaaqrobs maT yovladwminda” (12,

291-292).

poetis mizani iyobolomde daecva yvavilebi “sisastikis Savbneli, muxTali

xelisgan” (me am yvavilebs) (11, 159).

yvavilebis (rwmenis) gadarCenis sapatio misias Tanmimdevrulad erTgulebda

galaktioni: “Turme nisli sdarajobda ayvavebis pirvel Crdilebs, nu davkargavT

Cven im xsovnas, nu davkargavT im yvavilebs” (nu davkargavT xsovnas).

“mravali vardebis mfeni”, ciuri, Sopenisa da paganinis fantastikuri musikiT

savse, rwmenis msaxuri suli gamoarCevda poets: “rogorc mravali vardebis mfeni,

mas suli hqonda uxvad ciuri, masSi mravali iyo Sopeni da paganini fantastikuri”

(stiroda suli cisfer Rvinoebs).

vardebiT mTvrali suli rwmeniT savse sulia, radgan vardi saRmrTo saxelia:

“am vardobisTvis vardebiT vTvrebi, kargia Troba” (maisis isriT).

poetisTvis organuli iyo “elvis bilikze” siaruli, “Tovlis vardebis” gancda:

“elvis bilikze midis fexebi da mecemian Tovlis vardebi” (xan ufskrulebi, xan

mwvervalebi).

Tovlis vardi _ mariamia (iseve rogorc “qalwuli Tovli”, “Tovlis madona”)

(ix. 4, 124), elvis biliki _ qristes metaforaa.

mzis (mamaRmerTis) mier maradisobad qceuli yvavilebis (qristes) da maradiuli

dilis (mariamis) siyvarulis gamo uzenaesis nebam poetis erTi cxovreba “aTasze

gadaamravla”, aTasis mxedveloba, asi aTasis smena mihmadla (niavi, ia, nargizi) (5,

410), raTa “ganTiadis simRera”, “siyvarulis simRera, brZolis, lodinis simRera”

Seeqmna qarTvel genioss, raTa “sixarulis uvertiura” (sixaruli saRmrTo

saxelia) moesmina da uzenaesis rwmena gadaerCina.

16

rogorc vnaxeT, vardi, yvavili galaktionis poeziis erT-erTi mravlismTqmeli

simboloa (15, 138-185).

am saxem jer kidev poetis pirvel, 1914 wels gamocemul krebulSi

gansakuTrebulad iCina Tavi esTetikur, socialur, erovnul-politikur WrilSi,

xolo 1919 w. dastambuli wigni “Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT” qarTuli

poeziis renesansulobis dasturad iqna miCneuli.

vardis saxiT gagvicxada galaktionma Tavisi umniSvnelovanesi saTqmeli.

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom swored galaktionis pirveli wignisadmi miZRvnil

werilSi “martoobis ordenis kavaleri” tician tabiZe mignebulad SeniSnavda:

“irgvliv gabneulia yvavilebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi es miaxloebiTi simboloa

galaktion tabiZis mgosnuri saxis” (16, 552-562).

literatura

1. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, stokholmi, 1992.

2. biblia or wignad, wigni II.

3. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli, Tb. 1997.

4. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis saxismetyvelebisa da msoflmxedvelobis

sakiTxebi, Tb. 2009.

5. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani or wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1988.

6. nevmirebuli Zlispirni, Tb. 1982.

7. vaxtang VI, leqsebi da poemebi, Tb. 1975.

8. ioane-iona, “ra unda vakeToT”, Tb. 1994.

9. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. II, Tb. 1993.

10. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. III, Tb. 1993.

11. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. I, Tb. 1993.

12. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. XI, Tb. 1993.

13. zviad gamsaxurdia, “vefxistyaosnis” saxismetyveleba, Tb. 1991.

14. tite mosia, saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1996.

15. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis simbolika, Tb. 1993.


Casuli, qimerebSi Cavardnili, landad qceuli, gardacvlili mzisa da

dakarguli mziani Ramis saxeebi galaktionis poeziaSi

mzis saRmrTo saxelad gagebis tradicias bibliidan eyreba safuZveli:

fsalmunis mixedviT, “mze da faria ufali RmerTi” (fs. 84, 12) (1, 614).

17

RmerTi bibliaSi saxeldebulia, rogorc “mze simarTlisa”: “amogibrwyindebaT,

Cemi saxelis moSiSno, mze simarTlisa da kurneba iqneba mis frTebze” (malaqia

winaswarmetyveli, 3, 20) (2, 307).

es tradicia grZeldeba RvTismetyvelebaSi, sasuliero poeziaSi, religiur

mwerlobaSi.

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi RmerTis saxelebia: diadi mze, maRali mze, wminda mze

Sinagani, mzis sveti (mSvidobis wigni), mzis saTave (auCqara cxenma gzaSi), mze

cxovelsxivebiani (zeviT aswieT mze, zeviT), Soreuli mze (bawarze), Rame mziani

(tfilisi RamiT), momavlis mze (avrora), mudmivi mze (akaki wereTeli) (3, 23-25).

“axali mzis” amosvlasTan erTad, poetebis mefis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba mzis

Caqroba, mzis gardacvaleba, landad qceuli mze, qimerebSi Cavardnili mze, Savi

mze, mkvdari mze.

qristianuli rwmenis ignorirebas aTeisturi epoqis mier galaktioni gvauwyebs

micvalebuli mzis saxiT: “mzeo TibaTvis, yofna umzeo, mze miicvala Ria TvalebiT,

is miicvala raRac umweo da saocari gardacvalebiT” (mas gaxelili darCa

Tvalebi) (dawvrilebiT ix.: 3, 128-134).

sxvagan “mzis Casvla” gvicnobierebs uRmerTobis saSinelebas, adamianis sulier

daoblebas: “mzis Casvla iyo, viT anarekli Zveli didebis, RrubelTa Soris

daimsxvra Zegli piramidebis. me mivdiodi nangrevebze oblad Sens gamo, mwuxared

qroda cierTa soflad Cveni saRamo” (mzis Casvla, 1916 w.) (4, 86).

RmerTis gmoba aRqmulia, rogorc mzis Caqroba: “me damesizmra mware sizmari,

magram mTlad rodi iyo sizmari, uecrad Caqra mze elvarebiT da sidiadiT

naTilismari…”

mzis Caqrobas kosmiuri sicive, uSuqo, umizno arseboba mohyva da es “mTlad rodi

iyo sizmari”: “usazRvro sivrcis simaRleebSi, sadac maradi iyo bindbundi,

uSuqod, yovel mizans gareSe xetialobda varskvlavTa gundi” (4, 780).

“mkvdari mzis”, “Savi mzis” amosvliT SeZrwunebuli poeti mouxmobs quxils:

“quxilo, geliT, SenTan vibrZolebT, gamoeqane, zvirTi dasZari. gvaxsovs: diliT

mze amodioda, mkvdari mze, Sen ki amoaswari!” (quxilo geliT) (4, 359).

quxili, mexi Ze RmerTis saxelia (5, 122).

leqsi dawerilia revoluciiT imedgacruebis gamo, radgan isev gadauWreli iyo

socialuri Tanasworobis, erovnuli da sulieri Tavisuflebis problema,

revoluciis Sedegi iyo “mkvdari mzis” amosvla, “mkvdari mze” ki uaryofil

rwmenaze miniSneba unda iyos.

analogiur satkivars ukeTebs aqcents qimerebSi Cvardnili mze, qaosis napiramde

misuli ocneba, qari, Rame: “o, yoveldRe mzeebi qimerebSi vardeba, qaravani dReebis

mZimed miemarTeba. is ocnebac qaosis napiramde mivida, qaro, ra gemarTeba, Ramev, ra

mogivida ?” (4, 60).

umzeod, uRmerTod, sicarieleSi, sulis, sikeTis, siyvarulis gareSe galeuli

yofnis saSinelebas gvagrZnobinebs leqsi “Sens siymawviles” (1920 w.): “Sens

siymawviles axsovs mxolod zuzuni qaris, rogor ugonod gawamebda bedi, vaime.

axla Sens sulSi yvavilisTvis mze aRar aris, mze aRar aris da ar aris ara

raime” (4, 180).

“erTmaneTs emoZmeba” avadmyofi ocneba da mze, landad qceuli (sanatoriumSi) (4,

441).

18

poema “mSvidobis wignSi” mzis Casvla, mTvarisa da varskvlavebis gauCinareba,

ganuzomeli, ganuWvreteli kunapeti Rame mianiSnebs sarwmunoebisadmi gaucxoebis

ubedurebaze (6, 181).

ara “oreuli mze”, aramed “Soreuli mze”, “wminda mze Sinagani” gvevlineba

galaktionis poeziaSi WeSmariti RmerTis simbolod da poetis mizania, misken

miabrunos adamianebi: “moiSoro, droa, dardi, aTas mzes nu ficav. aRsdeq, ori

miliardi kaciT savse miwav!” (ori miliardi).

poemaSi “akaki wereTeli” rwmenis uaryofas mianiSnebs mzis Casvla, mSvenieri

sulikos gaqroba: “gamqraliyo, wasuliyo, mSvenieri is suliko, mxolod mTvare

anaTebda, radganac mze Casuliyo” (7, 124).

suli, suliko saRvTo saxelia bibliaSi.

“xolo ufali sul ars” (pavle mociquli, korinTelTa mimarT, 3, 4)@(1, 521).

dionise areopagelis mixedviT “sulica ufal ars”, “RmerTi sulia saxieri”,

RmerTi sulia WeSmaritebisai, romeli mamisgan gamovals” (8, 15, 14).

ara fizikuri, daRvremil mTas mifarebuli, aramed “namdvili mzis naTeli”

uxilavs poets da misi survilia sulis Tvalebis axela sxvebisTvisac: “ase

risTvis miefara mze daRvremil mTis mwvervalebs, Tu namdvili mzis naTeli ar

unaxavT jer Sens Tvalebs?” _ kiTxulobs leqsis avtori (ase risTvis?).

“oreuli” (xiluli) mzis paralelurad, galaktionis poeziaSi “Soreuli mze”

(RmerTi) gvxvdeba da swored misi Wvretaa “WeSmariti arsebobis mizani”; “win!

bawarze oreul mziT aivse peSvebi, an mzes naxav Soreuls, an sigiJemoreul zRvaSi

gadaeSvebi” (bawarze).

poets mwuxarebas ganacdevinebda “gamacocxlebel mzis sxivebis” gauCinareba

(darkinul sarkmelTan).

SoTa rusTavelis da daviT guramiSvilis poeziaSi Ze RmerTi figurirebs,

rogorc “mziani Rame” (9, 3-127).

galaktionis “mziani Rame” da “mziuri Rame” qristianuli RmerTis simboloa.

leqsi “tfilisi RamiT” 1925 wels aris dawerili, roca sisxliani bolSevizmi

cecxliTa da maxviliT ebrZoda qristianobas. poeti amas gvamcnobs simboluri

saxeebiT, radgan RmerTis araTu siyvaruli, xsenebac ikrZaleboda. epoqam moitana

“axali eresi”, daikarga “Rame mziani”, rasac “yru ziani” mohyva: “is dReebi

daikarga, Rame _ raRac mziani _ isev ise daiqarga qalaqis yru ziani”.

epoqis qari Causafrda mziur Rames, vardebs (vardi saRmrTo saxelia). “Sen

mziuro Ramis qaro, migaqvs yvela vardebi, msurs am leqsiT dagawynaro, magram ara

wynardebi”. (4, 241).

galaktioni RmerTismgmobel epoqaSic rCeboda naTelSemosili, RmerTSemosili,

mziTSemosili, igi arasodes wyvetda kavSirs uzenaes ZalebTan: “…me sxva mze

mmosavs, rogorc Sehferis saqarTvelos saxalxo mgosans” (dRes Semisrulda).

poeti namdvili, maradiuli mzis naTels Wvretda yvelgan, mzisa, romelsac

RvTiuri aliT unda aezambaxebina baRebi (baRi xom kacuri bunebaa ipolite

romaelis mixedviT), anu gaemSvenierebina adamianis buneba, Semoqmedebis

yovlisSemZleobiT unda aevso suli: “dRes yvelgan mzea, axla am baRebs da

myinvars, maRal zraxvaTa mefes, maisi aliT aazambaxebs, viT Seyvarebuls da

meocnebes” (Serigeba) (4,53).

19

galaktioni gaemijna epoqis satanistebs, wminda suliT miagno Soreul mzes,

zesTazes (umaRles cas): “vaSa, Sav zRvaze amomaval mzes, mivqrivar cxeniT, vgavar

zesTazes” (vaSa, Sav zRvaze amomaval mzes).

misi usasrulo Ziebis (geZebdi yvelgan) Sedegi iyo “mzis saTavis” migneba,

miuxedavad imisa, rom qimerebi eRobebodnen win: “auCqara cxenma gzaSi, qimerebma

dahkres taSi……aha, brZola…daaTava,… napovnia mzis saTave” (auCqara cxenma gzaSi) (7,

411).

mudmivi mzis, “vrceli gzis” (Ze RmerTis) siyvaruliT, “uWknobi yvavilis”

(mariam RvTismSoblis) Tayvaniscemis gamo galaktioni gamorCeul pativs miagebda

Tavis did poetur winapars _ akaki wereTels: “gaiara vrceli gzebi, sad mudmivi

mzea mgznebi da mudmivi gazafxulis dauWknobi yvavilebi” (akaki wereTeli) (7, 840).

“vardebis” lirikuli gmiri “mziania”, rogorc uwvimar “riJraJis vardi”:…”roca

mziani iyavi ise, rogorc uwvimar “riJraJSi vardi” (4, 284-285).

poets “momavlis mzis sxivebi kandeliviT” dahqaTqaTebs (avrora).

“aTasis mze” hqonda poets, aTasis mxedveloba, asi aTasis smena: “aTasis aqvs

mxedveloba, ieri, aTasis mze, smena asi aTasis, bnel RameSi igi amCnevs cbieri, ras

sxva ver Wvrets dRisiT udiadesiT” _ (aTasis mxedveloba, aTasis ieri) gvaxsendeba

bibliuri sibrZne, romlis mixedviTac RmerTs gamoarCevs “bnelsa Sina Wvreta”

(iso ziraqi, 23, 24).

literatura

1. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, 1992.


3. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis filosofiuri lirikis sakiTxebi, Tb. A996.


5. tite mosia, saRvTo saxismetyveleba, 1995.


7. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. IV, Tb. 1995.

8. petre iberi (fsevdo dionise areopageli), Sromebi, Tb. 1961.

9. tite mosia, oqsimoroni “mziani Ramis” problematika, Tb. 1999.

idumali sxivebis natvra

qristianuli samebis gamomsaxvelia mzis saxe, romelSic mamaRmerTi mzea, Ze

RmerTi _ Suqi, sxivi, naTeli _ suliwminda.

“samebisa da RvTismSoblis misteriaSi” ludvig foierbaxi Suqs uwodebs mamas,

amasTan, Suqs miiCnevs Zis predikatad” (1, 109).

sxivi, Suqi Ze RmerTis saxelia bibliaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi, filosofiur

mwerlobaSi (daviT winaswarmetyveli, esaia winaswarmetyveli, ioane damaskeli,

petre iberi, grigol nazianeli, ioane petriwi).

20

d. guramiSvilis mier sameba moazrebulia mzis, sxivisa da naTlis aspeqtSi.

“mzeTa mzis sxivi” qristes simboloa (2, 70).

“qristes sxivebi kvebavs samyaros”, ambobda e. rerixi.

galaktion tabiZem gaamravalferovna es saxe: pirveli sxivi, didebuli sxivi,

diadi sxivi, siyvarulis sxivi, sxivTa savse arseba, udiades imedebis usayvarlesi

sxivebi, msoflio sxivebi, xvalis sxivi, idumali sxivi, axali sxivi, yofnis sxivi,

imedis sxivi, sxivTa isari, sulis sxivi, simarTlis sxivebi, sxivTa tba, sxivTa Zna,

sxivnarT gvirgvini, sxivnarT elva, norCi sxivi, sxivebis cxrili, oqrosferi sxivi,

moxuci sxivi, warsulis saocnebo sxivi, Svebis sxivi (ix. 3, 25-28).

poetis lirikuli gmiri “...beddakarguli moelis sxivebs” (mSvidobis wigni) (4,

321).

saRvTo sxivis Zieba gamxdara umTavresi mizani: “vivli, sanam siyvarulis sxivs

ar momcems Semoqmedi” (Semodgoma).

magram farisevlebis naSierebi ver urigdebodnen RvTis moyvarulebs: “...axal

sxivebs ver Serigebian vard-yvavilebiT Semoqargulsa” (saRamo).

uRmerTo epoqis tkivili gamJRavnda leqsSi “atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo” (5,

114), romelSic grigalis, zRvis, sisxlis Jami ucxoobs sxivs: “am grigalSi dro ar

aris sxivis, axla zRvaa, axla sisxlis droa” (4, 1).

piradi cxovrebis tragizmis axsnas iZleva uRmerTobis maxasiaTebeli

sarkmelTan gamrudebuli da daubrunebeli sxivis saxe: “...da sxivi, romelic

sarkmelTan gamrudda, saxlidan gavida, da aRar dabrunda” (saxlidan gavida da

aRar dabrunda) (5, 308).

“niaRvris” lirikul personaJs enatreba ciuri sulis sxivi, rogorc arsebobis

stimuli, sixarulis wyaro: “daadne sxivi, sulo ciero, am sicivisgan gayinul

sulze, tkbili morevi Semigubdeba Cvens yvavilebze, Cvens siyvarulze” (6, 33).

sayuradReboa “Savi sxivis” saxe, romelic “Savi mzis” asociacias iwvevs da

negatiur Zalaze mimaniSnebelia: “edeba sxivis anTeba Savi, gediviT hkivis landebis

zoli...”

“yviTel foTolSi” (5, 55) “warsulis saocnebo sxivs” upirispirdeba “awmyos

usicocxlo, uferuli sxivi”, rac rwmena-urwmunoebis monacvleobas unda

migvaniSnebdes.

tragizmis momtania “Svebis sxivad” moazrebuli RmerTis gauCinareba: “ar aris

qveynad Svebis sxivi, imedis wyaro” (stiroda zeca) (7, 166).

“zamTris susxma sxivi mohkla”, Cioda poeti idumali sxivis gauCinarebas

(daxuWuli Tvalebi) (8, 27).

“saWiroa swrafva absolutisken. miwieri silamaze ikargeba aramiwieris lurj

sxivebSi”, acxadebda e. rerixi (9, 227).

sivrceTa gradaciebis maZiebeli iyo galaktioni: “Tvali ikargeba sivrceTa

unazes gradaciebSi” (Rrublebi oqros amurebiT). iq ixila poetma “oqrosferi

sxivi”, “mSvidi sinaTle”, momavlis sxivi, momavlis mzis sxivebi (avrora) (6, 75).

terenti graneli sakuTar arsebaSi grZnobda im “Soreuli zecis sxivs” (10, 93).

giorgi leoniZes mesxeTSi “ukvdavi sxivi” esxureboda (mesxeTi), “pirveli

sxivebiT” aRtacebas ver faravda (STagoneba) (11, 121).

komunistebma gadaafases saukuneebis saTayvano RmerTi, ramac adamianis sulis

gaudabureba gamoiwvia.

21

religiuri rwmenis uaryofis sinanuls gamoxatavs leqsi “moxuco sxivo”,

romelSic cis meufe “moxuci, Zalmileuli sxivis sikvdili” simbolurad am

odiozur procesze unda migvaniSnebdes (5, 373).

“mxolod umaRles sulebs egzavnebaT sxivebi”, ambobda e. rerixi.

daumarcxebeli “sxivosani Zala” amSvenebda galaktions: “...man ar icis, rom ver

Caaqrobs Zalas sxivosans” (dRes Semisrulda).

galaktioni xedavda “ultraiisfer sxivebs”: “brwyinvaleba pirispiri, iisferi

haviT sunTqavs, sxivic ultraiisferi vera Zalas ver STaunTqavs” (Sexvedra mTaSi)

(12, 674).

poeti iswrafoda iq, “sad mzisferi exveva cisfers” _ anu umaRlesi sikeTisa da

sinaTlis qveyanaSi.

galaktions ieso qriste esaxeboda “xvalis sxivad”, radgan poets mSobliuri

qristianuli garemo unaTebda suls: “odes guls samSoblo moeTinaTina, CemTvis im

xvalidan sxivma moadina” (Sovidan isarma sxepa moadina) (12, 364).

galaktions sjeroda “Ramis wyvdiadis” damarcxeba “idumali sxivis” ZaliT

(ganTiadma styorcna Subi) (7, 107).

poetis vedreba mimarTuli iyo pirveli sxivis movlinebisken: “ase nugeSo, Cems

mSfoTvar yofnas Sen mouvline sxivi pirveli” (xandaxan mSfoTvare qalaqis xmaSi)

(6, 59).

“sxivi” da “biliki” (saRvTo saxelia) iyo misi interesis sagani: “goneba Cumobs

da jados ilevs, sxivs momakrZalebo, mxolod Soreul Tovlian biliks mivapyrob

Tvalebs” (5, 320).

momavlis mzis sxivebi iyo poetis ideali: “momavlis mzis sxivebi kandeliviT

dagqaTqaTebs” (avrora) (6, 75).

cxovrebiseuli cdunebebis dros, SurisZiebis wyurviliT anTebul poets

evlineba qristes saxe, “mzis sxiviviT anTebuli da CrdiliviT mowyenili” (qriste)

(13, 83).

literatura

1. ludvig foierbaxi, qristianobis arseba, Tb. 1956.

2. tite mosia, daviT guramiSvili da qarTuli sityvieri kultura, Tb. 1986.

3. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis filosofiuri lirikis sakiTxebi, Tb. 1996.

4. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. II, 1973.

5. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 2 wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1988.



8. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. II, Tb. 1994.

9. Е. Рерих, Мозайка Агни Иоги, Тб. 1991. 10. terenti graneli, Txz. or wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1991.

11. giorgi leoniZe, rCeuli, Tb. 1961.

12. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli, 1977.


22

iagundis Camqrali Suqis anTebis survili

Suqi Ze RmerTis saxelia. saRvTo Suqi da misi variaciebi mravlad gvxvdeba daviT

winaswarmetyvelis fsalmunebSi: ufalo... “SenTan ars wyaro sicocxlisa, Seni

SuqiT vxedavT sinaTles” (fsalmunebi, 36, 10) (1, 558).

“gamogzavne Suqi Seni da WeSmariteba Seni. isini warmiZRvebian da mimiyvanen Sens

wminda mTasTan da Sens samkvidrosTan” (fs. 43, 3) (1, 566).

“ixseni Cemi suli sikvdilisgan, ager, Cemi fexi waborZikebisgan, raTa viaro

RmerTis winaSe sicocxlis SuqiT” (fs. 56, 14) (1, 580).

“Suqi iRvreba wmidisaTvis da gulmarTalTaTvis _ mxiaruleba” (fs. 96, 11) (1,

627).

“ufali Cemi Suqi aris da xsnaa Cemi _ vis SevuSinde?” (fs. 26, 1) (1, 547).

galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi yuradRebas iqcevs religiuri Sinaarsis Suqis

mravalferovani saxeebi: ciur SuqTa kamara, wminda cis Suqi, saidumlo Suqi,

imedis Suqi, norCi Suqi, Suqi fetiSi, ganwmendis Suqi, didi sixarulis Suqi, Suqi

pirbade, brwyinvale Suqi, elvaTa Suqi, Suqmosili brwyinvaleba,...

sataniseulTa Soris mcxovrebi poetisTvis varskvlavis Suqi (varskvlavi

saRvTo saxelia) moulodnelad aRmoCenili kapitalis sixaruls iwvevda: “mgonia,

arvin ar gamiRimebs, uecrad Suqi gamobrwyindeba. madlobeli var, Cemo varskvlavo,

sxva varskvlavebi SenTan mkrTalia, CemTvis es Suqi moulodnelad aRmoCenili

kapitalia”...

galaktionis lirikuli personaJi amaod eZebda mzis Suqs, ganTiadis

gamacocxlebel sxivebs, radgan epoqis sataniseulma mbrZaneblebma mzis SuqisTvis

dagmanes yvela sarkmeli da Ramec uSuqo da uxaverdo iyo, ganTiadzec ki

uCinardeboda Suqi: “o, ganTiado, munj borkilebSi me gavatare Rame wyeuli.

gamacocxlebel mzisa sxivebis lodinad viyav gadaqceuli. swrafad darkinuls

mivadeq sarkmels, magram mzis Suqo, Sen arsad sCandi” (darkinul sarkmelTan).

nislSi sarkmlis gamoSuqebis molodini RmerTis gamocxadebis gamomxatvelia:

“ager nislSi sarkmeli male gamoaSuqebs, dro, ver gamosaTqmeli, gamosavals

gvaCuqebs” (sarkmeli) (2, 469).

“idumalebiT savse” da Caketili sarkmeli gaumxelel wvalebas inaxavs: “xSirad

davdivar sarkmelTa axlo, CaketilT, savseT idumalebiT, visTan mivide an vis

veaxlo gaumxelelis Cumis wvalebiT?”

aRsaniSnavia, rom k. gamsaxurdia RmerTs “gonebis sarkmels” uwodebs “daviT

aRmaSenebelSi” (3, 417).

“landad qceuli mzis”, “avadmyofi”, “Camqrali, gardacvlili mzis”, “mkvdari

mzis”, saxeTa Seqmnac erT mizans emsaxureba: gagvicnobieros epoqis bneli, umzeo

arsebobis saSineleba.

TviT poeti yovelTvis mziTSemosili, sixarulSemosili iyo. brwyinvale Suqi

da diadema amSvenebda galaktions demonebis zeobis Jamsac. “asfuTiani CaquCis

cemiT ver gatyda gmiri, brwyinvale SuqiT da diadebiT dgas, viT qviTkiri”

(gamZleoba) (4, 552).

23

poets surda “samSoblos sanaxavidan” enaxa uzenaesi Suqi: “...martoobasac avitan

mwares, umegobrobas avitan mZimes, Cemi samSoblos sanaxavidan oRond vxedavde

Suqs mocimcimes” (Cemi gulia dRes es Savi zRva) (4, 329).

galaktioni, rogorc RvTis rCeuli poeti, SuqSemosili, maradiul simaRleSi

damkvidrebuli Suqis saxiT Wvretda Tavis momavals: “Sen mxolod maradi simaRle

giSvelis, ros Suqad mSobliur cas SeeSenebi” (dro) (2, 60).

uRmerTobis faqts afiqsirebs leqsi “Sen da Semodgoma” iagundis Camqrali

Suqis saxiT: “Suqi ar inTeba Camqral iagundis” (2, 180).

iagundi mariam RvTismSoblis metaforuli saxelia (5, 125).

iagundis Camqrali Suqi uaryofil qristeze mianiSnebs.

leqsi “meris TvalebiT” (2, 178) afiqsirebs iseT sulier ganwyobilebas, roca

“gulSi verc zeca atans, verc sixarulis Suqi”.

uRmerTobis tkivils amxels Svebis sxivis, “imedis wyaros” gaqroba: “...ar aris

qveynad Svebis sxivi, imedis wyaro” (stiroda zeca) (6, 166).

RmerTis gauCinarebas gvauwyebs sxivis uaryofa da grigalis gabatoneba: “am

grigalSi dro ar aris sxivis” (atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo) (2, 1140.

Savi mzis, mkvdari mzis, dasisxluli mzis, Savi sxivis saxeebi RmerTis

antipodebze mimaniSnebelia, rogorc dabindeba, daRameba, awmyos usicocxlo,

uferuli sxivi, “Suqi almaceri”.

poeti eZebda “ganwmendis Suqs” (RmerTs) (paraleli) (6, 263).

misi ideali iyo “Suqi fetiSi”, “saidumlo Seuryeveli” (oTaxi, Rame...).

zecaze ewera galaktionis gza da zecaSi daivana maradiuli Suqis saxiT,

TviTve igrZno “gamoSuqeba momaval dReTa didi didebis”.

vl. soloviovs rom davesexoT, ...“anaTebs usxeulo ubiwoebas Suqi RvTiuri,

maradisi da usasrulo” (Tumca jaWvebiT uxilaviT) (7, 213).

galaktionma Tavisi Rrmaazrovani religiuri poeziiT bevri iRvawa iagundis

Camqrali Suqis anTebisaTvis, ramac saukunis yvela poetisgan gamoarCia.

amitomac misi gvirgvini “maradi SuqiT” iyo gaalebuli (Serigeba) (2, 53).

“Suqmiuval dReebs” xSirad Senacvlebia “edemTa msgavsi dReebi,... vardebi,

orxideebi” (yofila mware dReebi) (8, 178).

poets sjeroda droebiT gauCinarebuli wminda cis Suqis arsebobis, rac

simSvides aniWebda: “aris sadRaca netari mxare, aris wminda ca SuqiT mgznebare”...

(ave maria).

“wminda ca” aris “cani caTani”, gonieri, sulieri, RmerTebis samyofeli ca, Suqi

ki Ze RmerTis saxelia.

poetebis mefis SemoqmedebaSi “SuqiT” (uzenaesis ZaliT) izrdeba leqsis frTebi:

“momwyurvalw SuqTa fenis, izrdeboda frTebi leqsis”...

SemoqmedebiT procesSi aremare “saidumlo SuqiT” imoseba: “saidumlo SuqiT are

ise aris Sesudruli, ise savse uxv grZnobebiT, viT am Rames Cemi guli” (me da

Rame).

galaktioni winaswarmetyvelebda “didi sixarulis Suqis” gabrwyinebas, anu

RvTisken mibrunebas, rac axda kidec: “dadga dro da is zvavic azvinda, grZnobaTa

wminda cecxlis farulis, caze varskvlavi unda gabrwyindes, Suqi gabrwyindes

did sixarulis”...

24

galaktionis mier gaukvdavebul saxeebs “Saravandedis Suqi”, wminda, uCveulo

zeciuri cecxli” mosavs (dReTa gardasulTa) (9, 119).

literatura


2. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebebi or wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1988.

3. konstantine gamsaxuria, daviT aRmaSenebeli, wigni I-II.

4. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli, 1977.


6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebebi xuT tomad, t. II, Tb. 1994.

7. maradi dRe, Tb. 1981.

8. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebebi xuT tomad, t. III, Tb. 1994.

9. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebebi xuT tomad, t. I, Tb. 1993.

uCinari cecxlis wyurvili

galaktionis poeziaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs saRmrTo cecxlis

siyvaruli da misi gamomxatveli originaluri frazeologia.

sityva “cecxls” bibliaSi fizikuri da zesTabunebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs (1, 191).

bibliis mixedviT, RmerTs cecxlis saxe aqvs: “xolo saxe uflisai viTarca

cecxli motyinare Txemsa zeda mTasa winaSe ZeTa israelisaTa” (gamosvlaTa, 188,

124) (2, III).

moses cecxlwakidebuli mayvlovani rom eCvena, amaSi Rrma simboluri azria:

“mayvlovani RvTismSoblis simboloa, xolo cecxli qristesi” (3, 58).

qriste aris “viTarca cecxli uvneblad ganmanaTlebeli” (4, 107).

saerTod ki, “zecisa arsebaTa cecxlis saxed azmnoben” (4, 144, 25).

grigol xanZTels, rogorc RvTis rCeuls, cecxlis saxiT axvevia “suli

RmrTisai ganmanaTlebeli” (5, 597)

sasuliero poeziaSi qristes saxea “cecxli usxeulo” (i, mtbevari), “sudari

cecxlisa” (i. minCxi), nakvercxali cecxlisa, SanTi Seuxebeli, cecxli mSobeli

cvarisa (ezra). am frazaSi “cecxli” qristea, “cvari” _ misi moZRvreba (3, 60).

sulier Zalebs axasiaTebT cecxluri energia da naTebis unari (6, 93).

qristes mzis RvTaebis niSnebi axasiaTebs. mzis saxiT xdeba misi gamocxadeba

(l. kvirikaSvili, “cecxlisa da naTlis” metaforuli mniSvneloba qarTul

sasuliero poeziaSi” (7, 79).

indur RvTismetyvelebasa da miTologiaSi RmerTi sxivosania, naTeli, elvisa

da cecxlis SaravandediT ixilveba (8, 76).

adamiani RmerTis Seqmnilia da emsgavseba Tavis Semqmnels. igi uxilavi naTlisa

da cecxlis Semcvelia (9, 159).

25

siyvarulis cecxlia solomonis “qebaTa-qebaSi”, sanskritul mwerlobaSi,

msoflio literaturaSi (1, 151-191).

dantes “RvTaebriv komediaSi” RmerTis saxelia “diadi cecxli”, “maradiuli

cecxli”: “warmavali da agreTve maradiuli ixile cecxli da mixvedi iseT

mzRvaramdis, romlis gadaRma Tvali Cemi veRara wvdeba” (10, 247).

galaktionis poeziaSi mravalnairi cecxlia, umTavresi ki mainc RvTiuri

cecxlia.

WeSmariti poeti “uzenaesi cecxlis” ZaliT gamoirCeva: “dadafnul gzaze

midiodi, viT keisari, Sens movlenaSi krToda cecxli uzenaesi” (mgloviare

serafimebi) (11, 94).

e. rerixi wers: “saWiroa sakuTari Sinagani cecxlis anTeba... igi

transcendenturia... mimarTeT... diad cecxls, romelic yvelafers iZleva,

yvelafers wmends da arafers iTxovs” (12, 89).

“SemoqmedebiTi cecxli aTbobs da anaTebs... cecxli, rogorc sinaTle,

aZlierebs adamianur arsebas. yvelaze saswaulebrivi iwrToba cecxlSi (12, 169)...

cecxlovani azri anaTebs sivrces da sulis magniti brwyinavs (12, 186) cxovrebis

uxilavi procesi imarTeba sulis cecxliT (12, 223), fsiqikuri Semoqmedebisas

moqmedebs wminda cecxlis sxivi” (12, 223).

galaktionis RmerTi “mwveli cecxlia”, romelic Zlier aSuqebs mis arsebobas,

udidesi ZaliT avsebs poeturi Suqi gulisTqmas: “quxde gulisTqmav, suli

mRelvarebs, guli mwvel cecxliT kvlav gaimsWvala, gaSuqdi, sanam mZlavria

grZnoba, gaSuqdi, sanam geqneba Zala” (quxde gulisTqmav).

“cecxlis sanaxavidan” xedavs galaktioni meomris, poetis, brZenis gzas.

poets swyuria RvTaebrivi cecxliT aanTos “bneli napiri, wminda taZrebi,

sionebi, sveticxovlebi (Sen da Semodgoma).

WeSmariti poezia galaktions esaxeba, rogorc “maradiuli cecxlis

sagalobeli, cecxlis Semokideba” (poets).

“Semoixvie cecxli da gaxdi uvnebi”, ZvelTa anderZia (e. rerixi).

galaktionis poeziaSi cecxlis gamoyenebiT Seqmnili saRvTo saxeebia: RvTiuri

cecxli, cecxli uzenaesi, mwveli cecxli, maradiuli cecxli, fantastikuri ali,

wminda, uCveulo, zeciuri cecxli, faruli cecxli, cecxli ciuri, manaTobeli

cecxli, elvare cecxli, mfarveli cecxli, wminda cecxli, uCinari cecxli, axali

cecxli, simarTlis ali, gamouTqmeli ali,siaxlis ali, umanko cecxlis ali,

saidumlo alebi, vardisferi ali, JamTa cecxli, cecxlis fanteli, cecxlis

almuri, axali koconi, cecxlis kamara, sixarulis cecxli, cocxal cxovrebis

cecxli, wamebis cecxli, cecxlis vardi...

poets swyuroda cecxlis gardamosvla (vardebi), cecxliT Semosva (CaveSvaT

cecxlSi).

Semoqmedi suli saRvTo cecxliT gaalebulia. “sulic warmodga

Tangaalebulad”, aRniSnavs ioane petriwi (13, 80).

galaktioni mouTmenlad elodeba sulis anTebas: “sulo, Sen gaaldebi”.

mis wigns aqvs “ali mzeris”, qnari ki “maradis cecxlis” _ RmerTis sagalobelia.

poetis kredo aseTia: “gabrZmeddes cecxlSi, rac ki Zveli, Rrma tomebia” (ori

qveyana), anu didi Semoqmedi yovelTvis RmerTTan aris wilnayari.

poetis gulis cecxliT dneba yinuli leqsSi “SexedeT, miwa !” (14, 232).

26

bibliaSi, himnografiaSi saRmrTo cecxlia yinulis dadnobis unaris mqone.

poets uxmobda saRvTo cecxli, axali mxare, winaswarmetyvelebis unaris

momniWebeli uzenaesi: “gvixmobda cecxli da aRelveba, is gvixatavda sul axal

mxares, sadac ufskrulSi STamWvreti mxeriT winaswar grZnoben xanas elvares”

(sxivi talRebSi).

e. rerixi wers: “maradiulad moZraobs kosmiuri cecxli, gamogzavnili absolutis

mier” (12, 210).

RvTaebrivi cecxli ganwmendis wyaroa.

“ganwmendis cecxlis gareSe SeuZlebelia umaRles gagebas miuaxlovde”,

irwmuneba rerixi (12, 349).

bibliaSi cecxliT xdeba ganwmenda: “yoveli, romeli Sevals cecxlsa... ganwmdes

igi” (gamosvlaTa, 339, 123).

saxarebaSi ioane qristes Sesaxeb eubneba xalxs: “me naTels gcem wyliTa, igi

naTels gcems suliTa wmidiTa da cecxliTa” (ioane, 546, 26).

galaktioni ambobs: “mTvralia cecxliT, mTvralia yofniT”, rac uzenaesTan

wilnayarobas gulisxmobs, radgan cecxli da yofna (cxovreba) saRvTo saxelebia.

aseve, poets swyuria “alis Tasi”: “alis momeciT Tasi, savse Zleri RviniT”.

ali (cecxli) qristes, Tasi mariamis simboluri saxelebia. “Zlieri Rvinoc”

qristes saxea da momdinareobs esaias winaswarmetyvelebidan (esaia, 25, 13).

wminda giorgi ganiwminda cecxliT.

galaktioni ganaxlebas aRwevda wamebis cecxliT: “wamebis cecxlSi ganaxlda

guli, feri vicvale, feri vicvale” (ganaxlda guli) (14, 12).

poets aTeistur epoqaSi mouxda cxovreba da amxelda rwmenis, simarTlis alis

ignorirebis faqtebs: “...simarTlis ali, rogorc burusi ise irRveva da ifanteba”

(ar minda sityva).

poeti uCioda saRvTo cecxlisa da sagazafxulo lampris Caqrobas: “ganelda

cecxli, Caqra lampari, sagazafxulo aliT anTebuli” (acivda) (ortomeuli, t I,

Tb. 1988. gv. 586).

“cecxlis almurs” moeloda yvela qveyanaSi da aRmosavleTSic (“aRmosavleTi”,

ort. t. I, gv. 231-234).

“Camqrali ali” uzenaesis rwmenis uaryofas moaswavebs leqsSi “yvavilebis qali”

(1926 w.).

cecxlSemosils awamebda warsulis RvTiuri cecxlis _ RmerTis gauCinareba,

urwmunoTa umizno sicocxle: “ar dabrundebaam mxares cecxli, warsulTa dReTa

sxvanair mxaris, axla umiznod midis sicocxle da dabrundeba mainc mixaris”

(gzaSi) (11, 99).

sayuradReboa “Savi cecxlis” saxe galaktionis poeziaSi: “aris siCume, bneli

cxedari, mis tanze Savi cecxlis gaCena, apokalifsis mZafri mxedari vinc qaosebSi

SemoaWena” (geZebdi yvelgan) (11, 81).

poeti eZebda uzenaess, wvavda “jvaris mxurvale rkina”, magram xedavda zecis

dakargvas, ganmanaTlebeli cecxlis Secvlas “Savi cecxliT”, siCumes apokalifsis

mxedris (qristes) irgvliv da itanjeboda.

“Savi cecxli” ase ganimarteba e. rerixis mier: “arCevanis Tavisufleba,

ganaTleba, TviTsrulyofa aris cecxlis gza, yovel Seferxebas da ngrevas

aRviZebs Savi cecxli, SiSi da ngreva SeiZleba iyos Savi cecxli” (12, 373).

27

aSkaraa galaktionis “Savi cecxli” negatiuri Zalebis simboloa.

e. rerixi winaswarmetyvelebs: “dadgeba cecxlis era. moiZieT simamace da goneba

mis mosaaxloeblad. dgeba cecxlis saukune, romelic moutans kacobriobas

miRwevas. cecxlis saukune SeiZleba aSeno cecxliT... cecxli aris siyvaruli.

cecxlis samyaro gaxsnilia mxolod gmirebisaTvis” (12, 446).

galaktionma iwinaswarmetyvela urwmuno TanamedroveTa mibruneba RmerTisaken:

“dadga dro da is zvavic azvinda grZnobaTa wminda cecxlis farulis, caze

varskvlavi unda gabrwyindes, Suqi gabrwyindes Suqi did sixarulis”

(gamarjvebisken).

gulis zeciuri cecxliT miaRwia poetma yinulovani sasaxlis, koSkebis, qalaqis

dangrevas, anu uRmerTo samyaroSi rwmenis cecxlis Setanas (SexedeT, miwa !) (14,

232).

literatura

1. viqtor nozaZe, “vefxistyaosnis” mijnurTmetyveleba, parizi, 1963.

2. biblia or wignad, wigni I.

3. akaki baqraZe, sasuliero poeziis saxeebi, krebuli poezia, Tb. 1981.

4. petre iberi (fsevdo dionise areopageli), Sromebi, Tb. 1961.

5. qarTuli mwerloba, t. I, Tb. 1987.

6. a. drevsi, miTi qristeze (rusul enaze)

7. “macne”, 1969, # 6.

8. bhagavad-gita, Tb. 1983.

9. el. teilori, anTropologia, (rusul enaze), moskovi 1924.

10. dante, RvTaebrivi komedia, Tb. 1941.


12. Мозайка Агни Иоги, в двух книгах, к.I , Тбилиси, 1990. 13. ioane petriwi, t. I, Tb. 1940. 14. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli, Tb. 1977.

damSrali da amRvreuli wyaros paradigmebi

wyali, wyaro, sicocxlis wyaro, sibrZnis wyaro, nakaduli, mdinare, nami, cvari,

Sadrevani, auzi uflis simboluri saxelebia Zvel da axal aRTqmaSi,

RvTismetyvelebaSi, sasuliero poeziaSi.

28

mivmarToT magaliTebs: “mogcemT ufali WirSi purs da simwareSi wyals da aRar

daimaleba Tqveni moZRvari” (esaia, 30, 20) (1, 95).

ieremia winaswarmetyvelTan RmerTs ewodeba “cxovelmyofeli wyarosTvali”

(ieremia, 17,13) (1,141).

zaqaria winaswarmetyvelTan RmerTi moixseneba, rogorc “sicoxlis wyali”

(zaqaria, 14, 8) (1, 304).

wyalTan erTad nakaduli da wyaroc uflis saxelia esaia winaswarmetyvelTan:

“gavxsni nakadulebs xmel gorebze da wyaroebs tramalebTan” (esaia, 41, 18) (1, 104).

fsalmunSi RmerTi aris “wyaro cxovrebisa” (35, 10) (2, 558).

saxarebis mixedviT, ieso aris “cocxali wyali” (ioane, 4, 10) (2, 183).

ieso eubneba samariel dedakacs: “...vinc dalevs wylidan, romelsac me mivcem,

masSi gadaiqceva wylis wyarod, romelic saukuno sicocxled idinebs” (ioane, 4, 14)

(2, 183).

ioanes gamocxadebaSi RmerTi aris :sicocxlis wylis wyaro”, “sicocxlis wylis

mdinare”, “sicocxlis wyali”: “kravi, romelic taxtis SuaSia, aZovebs maT da

sicocxlis wylis wyaroebze miiyvans da moswmends maT RmerTi TvalTagan yvela

cremls” (gamocxadeba, 7, 17) (2, 500).

“me mivcem mwyurvals usasyidlod sicocxlis wylis wyarodan” (gamocxadeba, 2,

16,) (2, 518).

“miCvena sicocxlis wylis mdinare, broliviT Wvirvali, romelic RvTisa da

kravis taxtidan moedineboda” (gamocxadeba, 22, 1) (2, 519).

“mwyurvali movides da msurvelma usasyidlod aiRos sicocxlis wyali”

(gamocxadeba, 22, 17) (2, 521).

uflis saxelia cvari, nami...

“viqnebi cvari israelisTvis, ayvavdeba, rogorc SroSani da libaniviT gaidgams

fesvebs” (esaia winaswarmetyveli, 14, 3) (1, 273).

netari avgustinesTan RmerTs ewodeba “madlis wyaro”, “wyaro mowyalebisa”, wminda

wyaro”, “wyaro WeSmaritebisa”, “saidumlo wyaro” (aRsareba) (3, 194, 224, 179, 404,

424)...

dantes “RvTaebriv komediaSi” RmerTi moixseneba, rogorc “maradiuli didebis

wyaro, maradJamuli saTavis wyaro, maradJamuli Wis wyali, Sadrevnebis wyaro” (4,

197, 264, 372, 403).

qarTvel himnografebTan saRmrTo saxelad gvxvdeba “ukvdavebis mdinare”,

“madlis mdinare” (m. modrekili), “wyaro cxovrebisa” (ioane mtbevari, saba

svingelozi, ioane qonqozisZe).

daviT guramiSvilma qristianul RmerTs uwoda “cxovrebisa wyaros Rari” (5,

118).

galaktion tabiZe kargad icnobs am tradiciebs da, xSir SemTxvevaSi,

amravalferovnebs winaparTa mignebebs. poetisTvis RmerTi aris wyaro, imedis da

rwmenis wyaro, fergamWvirvale da uangaro wyaro, sicocxlis wyaro, wminda wyali,

Sadrevani, auzi, nami, cvari, nakaduli.

1908 wels poetis wuxilis sagani iyo baRis gaxmoba, wyaros amoSroba, gamqrali

wyaro, romelsac kldeze isev darajobda poeti: “vdgevar kldeze _ aq odesme baRi

iyo sanetaro, gadamxmara Cveni baRi, amomSrala Cveni wyaro. vdgevar kldeze,

Semodgomis dRe magonebs sxva gazafxuls, aq droSebiT umRerodnen rwmenas, mTaze

29

gamosaxuls. vdgevar kldeze da vdarajob droSebs, mravalbrZolanaxuls”

(gadanaxuli droSebi) (6, 9).

leqsis klde, wyaro, gazafxuli _ qristes saxelebia.

mTa mariam RvTismSoblis simboloa.

baRi xalxia, bibliis kvalobaze.

kldeze gaSenebuli baRi rwmenas vaziarebi xalxis paradigmaa, xolo damSrali

wyaro _ uaryofili RmerTi, gamxmari baRi _ urwmunoebiT gaudaburebuli sulis

alegoriaa.

galaktion tabiZe poeziis upirveles daniSnulebad rwmenis dacvas, taZrisken

savali gzis gakvlevas miiCnevda, magram araqristianul, aRmosavlur tendenciebze

awyobili Taris xmaSi ignorirebuli iyo RmerTi, amao Canda wyaros (religiuri

motivebis, rwmenis) Zieba: “o, daCumdi, mokakane Taro, yovel quCis, yovel gzis da

Saris, Sens simebSi me momwyurda wyaro, wyaro Cans da wyali arsad aris”.

oficiozis sicruis mtkicebas _ “yvelaferi aris Zlier kargad”, enacvleba

mware realobis Sefaruli mxileba: “yvelaferi Zlier cudad aris” (mTvaris

Crdili baRs efina qargad) (7, 806).

poema “mSvidobis wignSi” (1945-1956 ww.), romelic erovnul-sarwmunoebriv

problemebs exeba da ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis arss ajamebs, “aimRvra

fergamWvirvale da uangaro wyaro”, rac rwmenis ignorirebaze aqcentirebas

gulisxmobs (8, 140).

“atmis yvavilebSi” (1915 w.) “mtvriT gaisvara wyalTa likliki, yvavili igi

mokvda da Cqara wiTlad dahfara baRis biliki”.

wyaro, yvavili qristianuli RmerTis simboloebia, atmis xe _ mariamisa (9, 99-

113).

epoqis wyevla iyo is, rom wyali moiSxama, wyali gaSavda: “wyali Savia, rogorc

melani, Sav wyalze yalyze Sedga merani da sasaflaos mxaridan Zera Tavs

dastrialebs, viT bediswera”.

es “bneli qaragma” “TeTri mxridan” (Tovlian-yinuliani mxaridan) aris

motanili, rogorc Tavsmoxveuli obeliski (obeliski) (6, 175)

petre mociquli amxelda urwmunoebs: “eseni arian damSrali wyaroebi da

qariSxlis mier devnili Rrublebi, maTTvis gamzadebulia saukuno wyvdiadi”

(petre mociqulis II werili, I, 17) (2, 313).

RvTisuarmyofeli epoqis maxasiaTebelia damSrali wyaro leqsSi “ra vqna”:

“sicocxleo, mTlad damiSra imedis da rwmenis wyaro” (6, 53).

1928 wels ukve kategoriuli gancxadebiT ganzogadda rwmenis ignorirebis

faqti: “ar aris qveynad Svebis sxivi, imedis wyaro” (stiroda zeca) (6, 166).

SxamiT mowamluli wyaro urwmunoebis bacilebiT mowamluli religiaa: “yoveli

wyaro Sxamia, Sxami Sxams gadaeria” (Sen scodav) (10, 420).

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom leqsi 1958 wels, socializmis “zlevamosili

gamarjvebis” periodSia dawerili.

gavixsenoT, rom wyaros amoSrobas ilia WavWavaZec wuxda “aCrdilSi”.

ara RmerTebis, aramed Wotebis, mxecebis, demonebis meufeba iyo faqti, roca

wyarom Zala dakarga: “gaRma hkioda bneli Woti, gamoRmac Woti, eSureboda wyaro

Cqriala” (proJeqtori eZebda mters).

30

nami saRmrTo saxelia: “ase miTxra ufalma: me mSvidad gadmovixedav Cemi

sauflodan xvatis kaSkaSiviT mowmendilze, namis RrubeliviT mkis papanebaSi”

(esaia, 18, 4) (1, 86).

aseve qreboda galaktionis poeziaSi “nami yvavilis gulze”, rac analogiuri

saTqmelis gamoxatvaa: nami, romelic amSvenebda yvavilis guls, “aRar aris, wahyva

mzis Suqs aferadebuls, dalia suli siymawvilis naz gazafxulze” (ra mSvenieri

iyo nami yvavilis gulze).

leqsis nami, gazafxuli RmerTis metaforaa.

“gobelenSi” (6, 81) “iqauri cis” “laJvard TvalTagan gadasuli namia” RmerTis

saxeli.

Sadrevani, romelic idumal mxares gvimxels, saRmrTo saxelia, epoqisTvis

arasaWiro da arasargebi: “iq aRar rekavs is Sadrevani, im idumalTa mxareT

gamxela” (operis TeatrTan) (6, 361). leqsi dawerilia aTeizmis zeobisas _ 1924 w.

“Sadrevnebis vedreba” gvauwyebs: “camde albaT bevrjer adis Sadrevnebis

vedreba, damtvreuli siferadis suliT SemoTeTreba”.

rainer maria rilkes ainteresebda “Sadrevnebis arsi faruli”: “me gamicxadda

Sadrevnebis arsi faruli” (Sadrevnebis eqo).

galaktionis leqsebSi gvxvdeba mTvares Sekidebuli “aluCebi da Sadrevnebi”

(vin aris es qali?), ca, Sadrevnebis mZime mtevnebiT (ca, TivliT fenili).

am konteqstSi unda iqnes gagebuli “ocnebis auzis” saxec: “civi ocneba Sxefavs

auzis’ (Cveni dro isev rusTavel elis) (6, 404).

“locvisTvis” (1919 w.) gvamcnobs poetis Zalisxmevas yvavilebis qarisgan

gadarCenisTvis da isev “vardebiT ivseba auzi” (11, 162).

nakaduli saRmrTo saxelia: “wyals mivuRvri urwyuls da nakaduls gamomSral

miwas” (esaia, 44, 3).

“wyaliviT idinos samarTalma da iyo simarTle dauwyvetel nakaduliviT” (amos


galaktionis leqsSi gazafxulzec iyineba nakaduli, ca, qveynis guli: “Tovlis

fifqiT Seimosa naZvi totebdaxlarTuli da mRelvare gazafxulze gaiyina

nakaduli. gaiyina cis laJvardi, gaiyina qveynis guli” (TeTr Tovlis qveS) (6, 6..).

gayinuli nakaduli uaryofili RmerTis saxea ca, gayinuli ca _ mariamis metafora

(12, 125).

ca (caTa ca, RmerTebis ca) usinaTloa, mtvriani da gacrecili, mavanni

romanseroebs mRerian udrood, wyaro ki “valalebs” urwmunoebis Jams: “wyaro

xevSi valalebs, gaqra giJi ocneba” (ra dros romanseroa?) (11, 216).

urwmunoTa zeobis Jams poetebis mefe, mudam rwmenis ganuxrel erTgulebas

amJRavnebda, igi ewafeboda “trfobiT aRbeWdil sicocxlis wyaros”: “me msurda

grZnobiT davwafebodi sicocxlis wyaros, trfobiT aRbeWdils” (mwuxareba).

sicocxlis wyaro, trfoba (siyvaruli) saRvTo saxelebia.

poets surda mSobliuri wyaros, mSobliuri sios “gemos” gancda: “mindoda

wyaros wyali gemoTi da mSobliuriT sunTqva sioTi” (me erTaderTi mqonda

wuxili) (6, 335).

aq wyaro saRmrTo saxelia iseve, rogorc sio, niavi, qari.

“wminda wylis” TanxlebiT miiswrafoda poeti Sors, sxva edemSi, beds iqiT:

“waval, gavyvebi am sevdian gzas zRvaTa quxiliT, wyalTa liklikiT da

31

davamkvidreb daRlil sicocxles Sorsas sxva edemSi, Sors, Cems beds iqiT” (beds

iqiT) (6, 87).

gza, sevdiani gza, wyali, sicocxle RmerTis paradigmebia. aSkaraa, poets

qristianul rwmenaze damyarebiT surda adamianuri SezRudulobis CarCoebis

gaweva da “sicocxlisTvis” _ RmerTisTvis samudamo adgilis miCena Tavis poeziaSi

iseve, rogorc “sxva edemis” ukvdavyofa, radgan samoTxe, edemi mariamis metaforaa

(12, 124).

literatura



3. netari avgustine, “aRsareba”, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendari, Tb. 1985.


5. tite mosia, saRvTo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1995.

6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. I, Tb. 1993.


8. galaktion tabiZe, Txz. 12 tomad, t. 11, Tb. 1973.



10. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. III, Tb. 1994.



daviwyebuli siyvarulis xsovna

bibliis mixedviT, RmerTi aris “siyvaruli”: “...es aris metrfe Cemi, es aris

sayvareli Cemi...” (qebaTa qeba, 5, 16) (1, 17).

ioanes epistoleShi “RmerTi siyvarulia” (kaTolike epistoleni I ioanesi, 4, 8) (2,

320).

ioane RvTismetyvelis gamocxadebaSi RmerTi “pirveli siyvarulia”. qristem ase

usayvedura efesos eklesias: “Sen miatove Seni pirveli siyvaruli” (gamocxadeba, 2,

4) (2, 492).

netari avgustine RmerTs moixseniebs, rogorc “diad siyvaruls”: “es samyaro

diadi siyvaruliT... brwyinavs da iwvis, viTarca maradiuli Suva dRe” (aRsareba) (3,

390).

dante alegieris RmerTi aris “siyvaruli pirveli, siyvaruli utkbesi,

dauSreteli siyvaruli, uzenaesi siyvaruli (4, 90, 328).

sayvarels uwodebdnen RmerTs daviT guramiSvili, vaxtang VI, akaki wereTeli.

32

galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi RmerTi aris “zeqveyniuri siyvaruli, sxva

siyvaruli, ukanaskneli siyvaruli, Soreuli satrfo, idumali satrfo, sruli

trfoba” (5, 46).

poetebis mefe aTeistur meoce saukuneSi daviwyebuli saRvTo siyvarulis

xelaxla aRmomCeni gaxda: “jer yvelasgan miukvleveli aRmovaCine me siyvaruli”

(dadga agvisto) (6, 265).

es saRvTo grZnoba sulieri gvalvis wamalia: “es siyvaruli daacxrobs gvalvas

da gagiJebas ufro uaress” (dadga agvisto).

poetma uRmerTo epoqis tkivili mravalgzis gamoxata: “arsad Cans tkbili

naTeli Suqmfrqvrevel siyvarulisa”, “siyvarulis xma arsiT ismoda”, “siyvarulis

ar mesmis nana”, Cioda poeti (udabno) (6, 30, 21).

“cremli mdioda, radgan Cemi ukanaskneli, Cemi mwuxare siyvaruli magondeboda”,

afiqsirebda poeti gulistkiviliT.

poetis arsebaSi mudam cocxlobda “xsovna im trfobis srulis” (mimRere rame).

“me siyvaruli mesizmreboda, Rameebs vaTev kvlav siyvaruliT, me siyvaruliT

viyavi mTvrali, da siyvaruli maxarebs marad”, ambobda poeti.

aTeistur epoqaSi “iudas saxe, kaenis landi da Rameebis Savi guguni” Caesmoda,

sisxlis, cremlis niaRvrebs, damsxvreul Cinars Wvretda da “sxva siyvarulis”

mogonebebiT cxovrobda (rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi) (7, 179).

Tu sataniseulT siyvaruli Waobad esaxebodaT, TviTon faruli ocnebis

axdenad, gazafxulis saxiT evlineboda uzenaesi: “...es aris grZnoba kvlav

siyvarulTa, gadaqceuli sxvisTvis Waobad, es ocnebaa ferTa farulTa da

gazafxulis sanaxaoba” (kosmiuri orkestri) (7, 241-245).

awamebda “siyvarulis gamqrali sxivi, daubrunebel droTa mesivi” (alvis xeebi

mSvild-isars xrian) (7, 282).

poets ezmaneboda megobrad dasaxuli mtris muxanaTobebi, misi “faruli

jadoTi” morkaluli gzebi, dalilas landi, viqtoria, ledi godiva, dawyvetili

vardebi, Zirs dayrili qandakebebi, Zeglebis qveS oblad damarxuli, “ugono

siyvaruliT” Seryeuli, rwmeniT daoblebuli guli: “...zambaxTa Soris yria TeTri

qandakebebi, TeTri Zeglebi, da imaT qveS oblad marxia guli, ugono siyvarulma

rom Searyia...” (guli) (7, 320).

Zvirfasi dro Sors iyo, uaryofili siyvaruli ki vaterloos omSi damarcxebas

emsgavseboda: “...rac ufro Sors xar, Zvirfaso dro, ufro savsea gza am gedebiT,

da siyvaruli, viT vaterloo, mofenilia am imedebiT” (dgeba Semodgoma) (7, 332).

WeSmariti siyvarulis moTmenaze saubrobs poeti iisferi Tovlis, qalwulis,

xidis, mandilis (mariamis simboloebia) TanxlebiT (Tovli) (7, 343).

siyvaruli personificirebulia leqsSi “qalaqisken” (6, 435): “is gamovida Zlier

adre, viT siyvaruli, mTvarian tyeze midioda gza dacvaruli”.

RmerTi “pirveli” da “ukanaskneli” siyvarulia, magram galaktioni Tavis epoqaSi

ver poulobda mas da usiyvarulo, uRmerTo arsebobis faqts afiqsirebda: “...da

Wkneba, Wkneba siyvaruli ukanaskneli, Wkneba mwuxared, nazad, magram usixarulod”...

(usiyvarulod) (6, 35).

aTeistur epoqaSi cecxliTa da maxviliT idevneboda rwmena, RmerTis siyvaruli

danaSaulad cxaddeboda da sastikad isjeboda: “...me marwmunebdnen, rom ar iqneba,

Sen dausjelad giyvardes igi” (me marwmunebdnen) (6, 242).

33

poets awuxebda uRmerTo cxovrebis amaoeba, uzenaesi siyvarulis Seucnobloba:

“vin igrZno sicocxle amao, umizno, an Sveba vin igrZno, an trfoba vin icno” (8,

194).

urwmunoebisgan gauxeSebuli sulis mqoneT ar esmodaT siyvarulis

erTaderToba, arc sasaxleSi mis movlinebas xedavdnen: “...siyvaruli sasaxleSi

mxolod erTxel modis’ (mova, magram rodis?) (6, 153).

galaktions ki surda frTebiT swrafva “qalwuli Tovlisken”, Rrublisken

(mariamis saxelebia), mzisken, (RmerTis simboloa), raTa cis kabadonze daewera es

ucveTeli, ganumeorebeli da umaRlesi Sinaarsis matarebeli sityva: “frTebi rom

mqondes, gavwevdi im mwvervals, sazRvrad dadebuls, iq, qalwul TovlTan vpovebdi

binas mziT aferadebuls. me msurs iq davasadguro Cemi simRera da qnari da

vkocno, vkocno Rrublebis bage alisfer-narnari. frTebi rom mqondes, mzisaken

gaveqanebi zRvis navad, cis kabadonze davwerdi msoflios Sesaxedavad: giyvars,

raTa yvelasi Sexvdes am nawers Tvalebi da Seiyvaran, radganac kacni arian da-

Zmebi” (fantazia) (8, 154).

gvagondeba vaJa-fSavelas “kldem mxolod erTxel Tqva”, romlis reziume ase

JRers: “giyvardeT, kacno, erTmaneTi”. orive mwerlis wyaro aris biblia da

saxareba.

galaktioni evedreba ciur suls “sxivisTvis, yvavilebisTvis, siyvarulisTvis”

(saRvTo saxelebia): “daadne sxivi, sulo ciuro, am sicivisgan gayinul gulze,

tkbili morevi Semigubdeba Cvens yvavilebze, Cvens siyvarulze” (niaRvari) (8, 335).

galaktionis poeziis lirikuli gmiri rwmeniT iyo gaciskrovnebuli da

xanjals (Zalmomreobas) iis sinazes agebebda: “xanjals davfarav isev iebiT”

(dReTa karebTan). igi ganadidebda siyvaruls, siTbos, patiebas: “o, gaumarjos,

...siyvaruls, siTbos da patiebas” (isev maisis maTrobs Tvalebi) (6, 305).

poets afiqrebda mitovebuli Zveli gza da “mitovebuli Zveli siyvaruli” (aq

odesme) (7, 786).

sizmarSic “siyvaruli esizmreboda” (me mivdiodi), xsnis gzad “siyvarulis

simRera” esaxeboda: “gulSi JRers ra xania, siyvarulis simRera, rogorc

erTaderTi xsna, erTaderTi imedi” (ilias motivi) (7, 602).

galaktionis poeziaSi siyvaruli aris “...kacTa masazrdoebeli Zlieri RmerTi”,

“siyvaruli aris yofna-arsebobis kari” (akaki wereTeli).

RmerTi aris “siyvarulis xma”, romelic “daadumes” komunistebma: siyvarulis

xma arsiT ismoda”.

galaktions arasodes gauwyvetia kavSiri siyvarulTan: “...o gaumarjos

siyvaruls, siTbos da patiebas” (isev maisis maTrobs Tvalebi).

poets RmerTis _ siyvarulis maradiulobis rwmena acocxlebda; “gzac ukvdavia,

rogorc trfiali” (mSvidobis wigni) (10, 304).

literatura




34

4. dante, RvTabrivi komedia, Tb. 1941.





9. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 12, Tb. 1975.


daRupuli xomaldebis reqviemi

cxovrebis zRvasTan Sedarebis magaliTebi mravlad aris bibliaSi, sasuliero

poeziaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi, klasikur literaturaSi.

“boroteulni aRelvebul zRvas hgvanan, romelic ver wynardeba da misi

talRebi isvrian lafs da talaxs” (esaia, 57, 20) (1, 116).

zRva Cveulebrivi metaforaa cxovrebis dasaxasiaTeblad.

“zRva, mwarewyliani marilisgan da mSfoTvare qariSxalTagan, simboloa ama

soflisa” (2, 519).

ioanes saxarebis netari avgustineseuli ganmartebiT, am “zRvaze gadasasvleli

gemia Zeli, igive jvari, jvarcma” (iqve).

zRva wminda werilis enaze ajanyebuli, mousvenari, RvTismosaobis mteri

xalxis simbolocaa (3, 213).

grigol xanZTelis TargmanSi “soflisa zRvai aRZrul ars” cxovrebis (soflis)

codvebi Sedarebulia zRvis Relvas: “soflisa zRvai aRZrul ars RelvaTa

codvisaiTa, saSinlad damnTqams me, da miviltvi Senda navTsayudelsa da esreT

giRaRadeb: danTqmisagan mixsen me, mravalmowyale” (4, 476).

g. tabiZes cxovreba warmodgenili aqvs zRvis saxiT: “iboboqre, cxovrebis zRvav,

Cems irgvliv, iboboqre, me ra unda damakldes? pitalo kldes ras daaklebs zRvis

talRa, ras daaklebs zvirTi gamobrZmedil kldes?” (iboboqre) (5, 69).

Tanamedroveobasac zRvas adarebs: “Tanamedroveoba im zRvas hgavs, im mbrunav

malstroms, romelzedac dauviwyar legendebs qmnidnen: edga po, artur rembo,

bodleri...” (t. 12, 236).

maTes saxarebaSi qristes mier qarisa da zRvis dawynareba, zRvis fexiT

gadalaxva simboluria da codvaTa daZlevis gziT zneobriv amaRlebaze

migvaniSnebs (maTe, 5, 22-33) (6, 32).

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSic gvxvdeba zRvis gadalaxvis Tema, qariSxlisa da

zRvis monobisagan Tavis daRweva (gadaviareT mrisxane zRvebi) (5, 385). aRelvebuli

zRvis xmaSi Cakluli Jini, zRvis damarcxeba iqcevs yuradRebas leqsSi “TeTri

ocneba” (7, 375).

leqsSi “xomalds miyveba TeTri madona” (4, 331) “Tovlis madona” mariamis

warmomavlobaze italiuri legendis gamoyenebiT Seqmnili saxea, romelsac

safuZvlad dasdebia gadmocema, TiTqos mariami Cveulebrivad ki ar moevlina

35

qveyanas, aramed Tovls Camohyva, rogorc wmindani, xolo xomaldi aris qristeze

miniSneba (8, 87).

galaktionis mTel poezias gasdevs navebis, gemebis, xomaldebis, kreiserebis

simboluri saxeebi da isini umetesad religiur WrilSia gaazrebuli.

Zalze xSiria mis leqsebSi CaZiruli, qarisgan dalewili, daRupuli

xomaldebis reqviemi, rac, Cvenis azriT, aTeistur epoqaSi dagmobili, uaryofili

rwmenis gamo gulistkivils gadmogvcems.

aseTi leqsebi umetesad 20-ian wlebSia dawerili.

“zRvis efemeraSi” (1921 w.) yuradRebas iqcevs “gemTa CaZirulTa yru sasaflao.

agugundeba demonTa gundis, ngreva Rrublebis, dalewili ca” (9, 235-239).

CaZiruli gemebis sasaflao damarxuli, ganadgurebuli rwmenaa, RmerTis adgils

ki demonebi _ boroti sulebi ikaveben.

“ngreva Rrublebis, dalewili ca!” _ aseTi totaluri ngrevis momaswavebeli

striqonebia leqsSi.

cnobilia, rom mariamis simboloa Rrubeli. “Rrubeli naTlisa” (maTe, 17, 5),

“sulmcire Rrubeli” (10, 501).

“dalewili ca” _ SeiZleba iyos uaryofili RmerTebis ca, bibliis terminiT

“cani caTani”, ca, sulieri ca aris agreTve mariamis simbolo (8, 125).

“zRvis efemeraSi” ueWvelad rwmenis, qristianobis, mariam RvTismSoblis

uaryofaa miniSnebuli simboluri saxeebiT. am faqts gamouwvevia poetis didi

protesti da gulistkivili.

zecis gemebis, laJvardis gemebis saxeebiT yuradRebas iqcevs poema “mSvidobis

wigni”, romelSic gemi, navi wigns enacvleba, anu saRvTo saxelia.

leqsi “poema vefxvisa” afiqsirebs “laJvardis gemebis” saxes.

1922 wels aris dawerili analogiur procesze mimaniSnebeli leqsi “meocnebe

afrebiT” (5, 331): “sad odesme meocnebe afrebiT, aTasgvari imediT da zafrebiT

agasferis mimohqroda xomaldi, mezRvauris sulTan gaTanabrebiT”. Semdeg

striqonebSi xomaldis rRveva, zecis ngreva da “miwis gadaferdeba” _ miwaze

movlenili ubedurebebi fiqsirdeba: “is irRveva, is ocneba berdeba da xomaldi

napralebTan Cerdeba, saidanac marad esmis msoflios zecis ngreva, miwis

gadaferdeba”.

afra Zvel berZnuli literaturis simboloa da sulTan moiazreba (11, 82).

aseTive gagebisaa galaktionis anZa, ialqani (12, 85-87).

agasferi qristes jvarcmis misteriis mayurebelia. Sua saukuneebSi Seqmnili

legendis mixedviT, agasferi ar daexmara qristes golgoTis gzaze jvris zidvaSi

da amitom ganwirulia, rom marad ixetialos dedamiwaze (13, 96).

mezRvauri poetia, marad moxetiale suliT gamorCeuli.

napralebTan misuli, dasaRupavad ganwiruli xomaldi rwmenis ganadgurebaze

mianiSnebs, msoflios ki emuqreba “zecis ngreva”, anu “cani caTanis”, umaRles caSi

davanebulis ignorireba, rasac mosdevs miwaze ukeTurobaTa gabatoneba _ “miwis

gadaferdeba”.

poetis es ganWvreta zedmiwevniT axda, RmerTis uaryofas mohyva totaluri

ganadgureba, sikeTis iavarqmna, gaugonari represiebi...

36

“sikvdili mTvarisagan” (1916 w.) poetis kidev ufro adrindel winagrZnobas

gvauwyebs: “daimsxvra sadRac imedebi da xomaldebi, STainTqen maRal kuboebSi cis

kideebi” (5, 193).

“imedi” da “xomaldi” saRvTo saxelebia.

ca RmerTebis savanea, romelsac “kuboebSi” miuCina adgili urwmuno epoqam.

kidev ufro adre, 1914 wels SfoTavda poeti, radgan nislian zecasa da edemSi

gza ver gaukvlevia da sal kldisken dasamsxvrevad gamzadebula rwmenis gemi:

“nisliT iyo daburuli Cemi zeca da edemi da sal kldisken mimarTuli imsxvreoda

rwmenis gemi” (dReTa gardasulTa) (5, 119).

1927 w. aTeizmis zeobis Jams daafiqsirebs: “daiRupa is xomaldi, didi xania, o,

ramdeni mwuxareba amitania” (daiRupa is xomaldi) (14, 320).

sxvagan RriancelSi mavali gemi, saSiSari tye-veli migvaniSnebs urwmunoebaze: “ra

RriancelSi vidoda gemi, ra saSiSari iyo tye-veli, yvelgan, yovelSi marxia Cemi

sulis nawili SeumCneveli” (dawerilia 1925 w.) (ra RriancelSi vidoda gemi)

“anZebSi” (9, 236) “gzaaurevia cisfer xomaldis sveli ferdebi”.

“mSvidobis wignSi” naTqvamia: “namdvili rvali iyo is navi, ragind grigali

Sexloda avi, ver iyo verriT veragvar ZaliT misi namqeriT gamomriyavi” (t. 11, 237).

leqsSi “SexedeT, miwa!” gems gzas uketavs yinulovani garemocva, magram poeti

axerxebs am gayinuli velis garRvevas da miRwevas edemamde (9, 232).

edemi, samoTxe mariamis, RvTismSoblis saxelia (8, 124).

poetis ocnebis xomaldi grigals gadarCenili da daumarcxebelia: “xomalds,

qafian qarebSi mavals, man moitana ocneba dRemde. igi grigalebs gadaurCa

mravals, grigals, qariSxals vsvamT amis Semdeg” (grigals, qariSxals vsvamT amis

Semdeg) (9, 236).

miuxedavad epoqis tendenciebisa, poets itacebs “laJvardis gemebi”, “ocnebis

navebi”, fiqris navebi, “xomaldebis rCeva”, “ialqnebis nana” da sizmrebi aviwyebs

tkivilebs: “xomaldisas vismen rCevas, rogorc Zvirfas mcnebas da ocnebas

micemuli vigrZnob daviwyebas. tkbil sizmrebSi me momesmis ialqnebis nana,

ialqnebis Sriali da JrJola grZnobisTana” (xomaldisas vismen rCevas) (14, 358).

galaktionis poeziaSi yuradRebas iqcevs sicocxlis navis, ocnebis da fiqris

navebis, laJvardis gemebis, feeriuli navebis saxeebi (12, 68-90).

am navebs xan talRebi emuqreba, xan qari (epoqiseuli urwmunoeba): “isev bevri

xomaldi iRupeba grigaliT”, gvamcnobs leqsi “winaparTa cremlebi” (7, 403).

“damSvidi, talRebs miande navi, rac daikarga, is aRar mova”, ambobs poeti

(alazanTan) (5, 317) da TiTqos Serigebulia gardauvalTan.

leqsi “viT grigalis Semdeg tye-veli” isev cxovrebis tragizmze mianiSnebs:

“fexqveS migdia damsxvreuli swrafvaTa navi” (5, 68).

galaktionis poeziaSi epoqis Sinaarsze migvaniSnebs “damsxvreuli rwmenis gemi”.

“sanTlebSi” (5, 83) “gems umiznod, saukunod daagvianda”.

nislSi moqceuli gemis xvedrze SiSis gamomxatvelia leqsi “ialqnebi”: “nisli

izrdeba da Soridan gemT ialqnebi TiTqo axlave fiqrs undebian; dabrundebian

isev Tu ver dabrundebian, sadaa Sori gza misagnebi?”

poetis mizania svla “qaris pirispir”, dinebis sapirispirod: “kvlav CemTvis _

zeviT ugulo caa, da win arara nugeSis mcemi... gemic daiZvris, aha, sacaa, aha, sacaa

daiZvris gemi. daimsxvra gemTa sxivTwinaerdo...”

37

magram mainc “qaris pirispir swevs Cemi gemi” _ acxadebs poeti qaris pirispir)

(9, 762).

“mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvana feradma gemma” niSnavs Tovlian-yinulian monstrTan,

Cvens Crdiloel mezobelTan dakavSirebas marTlmadidebluri qristianobis

saxeliT, rac mxolod mwuxarebis, imedis gacruebis momtani gaxda (guli grZnobs)

(13, 322).

mainc miznis miRwevis survili acocxlebda poetebis mefes: “mainc mivaRwevT

guliTad survils, ager xomaldi kapze abia. Tumc naoWebi moedo mis Subls, viT

saflavis qvas epitafia” (xomaldi kapze) (15, 464-465).

“daimsxvra gemebis wyebac, zRva hquxda burusSi SavSi” (aluCa, Svidi wlis

bavSvi) (5, 381), TiTqos bedis ganaCeniT xdeba rwmenis ganadgureba, magram

sabolood, “gamiCnda gemebis suli”.

galaktionis misia is iyo, rom epova “vardis suli, miwis suli, Walis suli,

gemebis suli”, es advili rodi iyo, magram didi sulieri Zalisxmevis fasad mainc

aRwevda SeuZlebels: “ra RriancelSi vidoda gemi, ra saSiSari iyo tye-veli,

yvelgan, yovelSi marxia Cemi sulis nawili SeumCneveli” (ra RriancelSi vidoda

gemi” (5, 373).

boboqar talRebTan Serkinebuls, “qariSxlian da boboqar Rames raRac spetaki,

ucxo Sveneba qariSxlian da boboqar Rames TeTri landiviT moeCveneba...”

zRvaze talRebis amTagorebas, sazar risxvas acxrobs Sors gamocenili

“damxsneli jvari” da poeti mimarTvas sakuTar Tavs: “wahye, mgosano, Tu igi

trfoba marTla damxsneli araa SenTvis, mSvenier tanjvas da vnebis wamebs mainc

ipovi mudam, yovelTvis” (portreti) (14, 101).

“portretSi” cxovrebis zRvaSi cisfer xomaldiT mavali vaJis dapirispirebaa

zRvasTan: “me ara erTxel minaxavs vaJi, romelic mReris cecxlis modebiT, cisfer

xomaldiT micuravs zRvaSi, zRva ki grialebs TavgamodebiT”.

mezRvaurebs “Rvinisken” mouwodebs poeti, radgan is sixarulis wyaroa: “RviniT

ramdeni sixaruli gemis baqanze Cven Segvxvedria” (zRvis efemera).

“mezRvaurT Rvino daurigdebaT” wers poeti (14, 57). Rvino saRvTo saxelia

(esaia, 25, 13).

grigalebs gadarCenili xomaldia poetis ideali, radgan is xomaldi (rwmena)

epoqis religiuri idealia: “xomalds, qafian qarebSi mavals: man moitana ocneba

dRemde. igi grigalebs gadaurCa mravals: grigals, qariSxals vsvamT amis Semdeg”

(grigals, qariSxals vsvamT amis Semdeg) (5, 372).

galaktionis kredos gamomxatvelia striqonebi: “Tu ocnebaTa udidesi Sen

migyavs gemi, is unda iyos uwrfelesi, Tanac gmiruli...”

pavle mociquli gvirCevs: “gqondes rwmena da keTili sindisi, romelic uaryves

zogierTebma da daimsxvra maTi rwmenis xomaldi” (pavle mociquli, I werili

timoTes mimarT, 1,19) (6, 449).

am Segonebis erTgulebiT iyo gamorCeuli galaktion tabiZe.

literatura


38

2. aRsareba netar avgustines, piponis episkoposisa, wigni I, saqarTvelos

eklesiis kalendari, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Targmani v. burkaZis,

Tbilisi, 1985.

3. Толковая Библия, комментарии Л.Т. Лопухина, М. 1991. 4. qarTuli mwerloba 30 tomad, t. I, Tb. 1987.

5. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. I, tB. 1993.






11. Tamar kukava, efrem mciris iambikoebi, Tb. 1988.

12. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis simbolika, Tb. 1993.

13. akaki gelovani, miTologiuri leqsikoni, Tb. 1983.

14. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli or tomad, Tb. 1988.

15. galaktion tabiZe, Txz. xuT tomad, t. 2, Tb. 1994.

gamqrali zafxulis sevda

zafxuli (Zveli qarTuliT gazafxuli) saRmrTo saxelia. igi momdinareobs

fsalmunidan: “gvirgvini daadgi Seni sikeTis zafxuls da Seni nakvalevidan

wveTavs simsuqne” (daviTi, 65, 12) (1, 588).

poetebis mefis SemoqmedebaSi RmerTis saxelebia mudmivi gazafxuli, Sori

gazafxuli, gazafxuli gamZafrebuli, gazafxulis mTrTolvare xeli, zafxuli.

poeti afiqsirebs Tavis siyvaruls da ganuyrelobas gazafxulisgan

(RmerTisgan), amasTan aTeisturi, RmerTTan mebrZoli epoqis sabediswero

tendenciebsac gviCvenebs.

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi jer kidev adreuli wlebidanve dasturdeba utyuari

winaswarmetyveleba, avdrebis, zamTris molodini, im gansacdelis SegrZneba, rac

moelis uzenaes siwmindes _ gazafxuls: “nel nabijs Savi moaparebs idumaleba,...

surs moitacos gazafxuli”, 1916 wels dawera poetma “fardebis SrialSi”. “Savi

idumaleba” urwmunoebaa, negatiuri Zala, romelic emtereba gazafxuls _ RmerTs

(2, 79).

1914 welsac “elegiaSi” “gazafxulis mziani Crdilis” gaqrobas mistiroda: “ra

adre gaqra gazafxulis mziani Crdili... sadaa Cemi yvavilebi, sadaa rwmena?” (2, 33).

aseve, “SoriT mosuli gazafxulis sxiviT” damSvenebuli atmis yvavilebi

uwyalod iZarcveba qaris mier (atmis yvavilebi, 1915 w.) (2, 45).

gazafxulis silamazesTan erTad kvdeba baRic (kacuri buneba), rac uRmerTo

adamianis sulis satanur kvalze miqcevas gvamcnobs: “gazafxulisa gahqra mSveneba

da miefara nisls sizmareuls, Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls _ sdevs mxolod

wyevla da SeCveneba. da baRic kvdeba Zvelad darguli, is yvelafers grZnobs

39

kvaldakarguli. ra qaotiur bades edebi, sadaa, bedo, is imedebi?” (Zveli wignebis,

gverdebs areuls) (2, 307).

gazafxuls (rwmenas) zamTris yinva, sulis sicive enacvleba da aSkara xdeba

wuTisoflis amaoeba, maradiuli Rame: “vxedav, zamTris ZonZebi xeebs Camoekona, me

ki es gazafxuli isev Cemi megona. yvelaferi gaTavda, wami wams ezideba, ra amao

yofila wuTisoflis dideba. hyinavs, isev Ramea. modis SiSi Sorevi. ra amaod ireva

wuTisoflis morevi” (wami wams ezideba) (3, 292).

zafxulis wasvlas Tan wahyva Sveba, sixaruli, samagierod movida Semodgomis

bneli dReebi da wvimebi, damWknar yvavilebze wuxili: “gahqra zafxuli, wavida is

dRe, ros meore dRes SvebiT vxvdebodi... axla ki bneli Semodgomis dRe ver

ganaaxlebs im elva-cimcims, dasWkna yvavilTa narnari grova, guli swuxs da

swuxs... gareT wvims da wvims (gadauReblad).

analogiuri satkivaria leqsSi “werili soflidan”: “zafxulis dReTa is qafi

qreba, aris cecxlix xma da Cafiqreba” (werili soflidan) (3, 356).

mogonebaSia “cis ride”, yvavilebi, realobaSi “gahqrnen zafxulis dReni, qari

yvavilebs urevs” (gahqrnen zafxulis dReni) (3, 415).

“sulSexuTuli zafxulebi” gvamcnobs igive satkivars metaforulad.

“siymawvilis nazi gazafxulis” gaqrobasTan erTad zecis nami da zecis sxivic

suls Rafavs (ra mSvenieri iyo nami) (1910 w.).

mxolod mogonebaSi cocxlobs “netari dRe” da “gazafxuli ukanaskneli” (beds

iqiT) (3, 37).

leqsi “acivda” cecxlis ganelebiT, sagazafxulo aliT anTebuli lampris

Caqrobaze aqcentiT gadmoscems uRmerTo epoqis tragedias: “ganelda cecxli, Caqra

lampari sagazafxulo aliT nTebuli”.

lampari RmerTis simboloa: “gamovides, viTarca naTeli, simarTle Cemi, xolo

macxovareba Cemi, viTarca lampari, aenTos” (esaia winaswarmetyveli, 62, 1) (4, 120).

gazafxuli, sicocxle (saRvTo saxelebia) mxolod warsulSi axarebda misi

leqsis lirikul gmirs, magram bneli Seenacvla “sicocxlis brols” da sevdian,

yviTel foTols daemsgavsa arseboba: “...maSin iyo CemSi guli gazafxuli moelvare

da sicocxliT aRgznebuli. magram axla guli ar maqvs, bneli Crdilavs

sicocxlis brols da Tu vgavar, mxolod exla, sevdis foTols, yviTel foTols”

(yviTeli foToli) (3, 547).

gazafxulis, bednierebis ardabrunebis tkivilia leqsis leitmotivi: “qviTinebs

qari, Tan waiRebs yvavilTa CurCuls, hangi sazari suls miSfoTebs da gulSi

mwvdeba, rom verasodes veRirsebi me im gazafxuls da siymawvile ki arasdros ar

dabrundeba”.

gazafxulis paralelurad, didi tkiviliT moixsenieba “maisis dRe”, “maisis

Tvali” _ albaT 1918 wlis 26 maisi _ Cveni samsoblos damoukideblobis dRe,

romelsac 1921 wlis 25 Tebervali _ okupaciis TariRi Seenacvla da dampyrobelma

yinulovanma imperiam maisic zamTrad gviqcia: “maisis dReebs is moelis, viT

zamTris yinvas, TiTqo samudamod damWknara mdelo, gaaxsendeba raRac mkacri da

aRar sZinavs da imeorebs: gaCumdi, mkvlelo! TiTqos usazRvro saRamoa da mTa

binddeba, airevian qenjnis kalTebi, gaxedavs serebs, gafiTrdeba, SeeSindeba da

foToliviT akankaldeba” (viT afeTqdeba).

40

“dabmul WinkaSi” (5, 590) isev maisis gaqrobis, edemis baRis gaudaburebis sevdaa:

“lurji edemi qarma daburda, maisi gahqra da baRi Cemi gaudaburda”.

“mRelvare gazafxulze” modis TeTri Tovli, yinva, rasac mosdevs totaluri

gayinva (“TeTr Tovlis qveS”, 1908 w.) rac “satanuri SeTqmulebis” daRia.

simboluri “sxivis”, “gazafxulis” gauCinarebas sayovelTao mwuxarebiT auvsia

suli: “ax, rad gafrinda Cveni sxivi da gazafxuli, rad SevmosilvarT Savbnel

fiqriT da mwuxarebiT?... aw gazafxulma sul dahkarga is Zveli Zala, sxvagvaris

mwuxriT Seburvila mTa, tye da veli” (saRamo).

zamTris yinva-qarbuqi (urwmunoeba) zafxulis xsovnasac spobda da siciviT

ToSavda suls: “vcxovrobdi zamTris yinva-qarbuqSi, xsovna ar iyo CemSi zafxulis

da nel-nela miWknobda dReebs sicive sulis, sicive gulis” (“me davibade

ganTiadisas” _ 1914 w.).

“fardebis SrialSi” (1916 w.) “nel nabijs Savi moaparebs idumaleba, surs

moitacos gazafxuli”. “Savi idumaleba” _ urwmunoeba, negatiuri Zala, romelic

emtereba gazafxuls (rwmenas).

gazafxulis mogonebas bednier warsulSi gadavyavarT: “maSin cas ufro sxva

feri hqonda, sxvagvaris RelviT Relavda veli, maisi iyo, mTas mohxveoda naz

gazafxulis mTrTolvare xeli” (is CamomSorda, rogorc sizmari).

SemodgomiTac “sxva gazafxulis” da “rwmenis mTis” droSebis mogonebaa leqsSi

“gadanaxuli droSebi”: “vdgevar kldeze. Semodgomis dRe magonebs sxva gazafxuls,

aq droSebiT umRerodnen rwmenas, mTaze gamosaxuls”.

leqsSi “mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi” zafxulis wasvla da Semodgomis

sasikvdilo siyviTle gvamcnobs idealis gaqrobas: “midis zafxuli... baRSi,

mdeloSi sisinebs sio, srialebs neSo”.

“motexili zafxulis” (RmerTis uaryofis), winaxilvis saocari suraTi gvaocebs

“dominoSi”: “...landiviT maqvs naxuli beWdis TvalSi molebi, motexili zafxuli

da oxvris parolebi”.

zafxuli saRmrTo, beWedi saRvTismSoblo saxelia (6, 125).

molebis identificireba xdeba SroSanTan _ RvTismSoblis yvavilTan (7, 93).

moli jadosnuri balaxis mniSvnelobiT gaigeba (8, 215-216). molebi musulmanur

baiaTebsac ukavSirdeba da rwmenis Seryvnaze miniSnebaa, sxva mosazrebiT (9, 150).

zafxulis gaqroba, yvavilTa Wknoba mianiSnebs uRmerTobas leqsSi

“gadauReblad” (3, 54): “gahqra zafxuli, wavida is dRe, ros meore dRes SvebiT

vxvdebodi, me yvavilebi mesizmreboda da me yvavilebs vesizmrebodi. exla ki bneli

Semodgomis dRe ver ganaaxlebs im elva-cimcims...

elva saRvTismSoblo saxelia (10, 378).

epoqis sabediswero metamorfozebis mayurebel poets gulistkiviliT aRmoxdeba:

“ase risTvis Seicvala gazafxulis wminda dila?... ase risTvis miefara mze

daRvremil mTis napralebs, Tu namdvili mzis naTeli ar unaxavT jer Sens

Tvalebs?” (ase risTvis?).

galaktioni warmogvidgeba, rogorc qristes mebaRe, gazafxulis yvavilebis

mcveli: “yvavilebs... vufrTxildebodi, rogorc natvris Tvals, vufrTxildebodi

Cems gazafxulze, vmosavdi natvris farCa-gvirgviniT” (yvavilebi _ wuTebi).

41

mainc “adriani gazafxulis” xarebis sixaruliT, yinulis lodebis gadnobis

imediT cxovrobda poeti da gazafxulis simRerebiT, uRrmesi fiqrebiT, unazesi

melodiebiT gvajadoebs poetebis mefis Semoqmedeba.

akaki wereTlis sidiades galaktioni “vrceli gzebis”, “mudmivi mzis”, “mudmivi

gazafxulis” (RmerTis), “dauWknobi yvavilebis” (mariamis) erTguleba-siyvaruliT

xsnida: “gaiara vrceli gzebi, sad mudmivi mzea mgznebi da mudmivi gazafxulis

dauWknobi yvavilebi” (akaki wereTeli) (3, 840).

galaktioni bolomde darCa “sixaruliT, mziT, gazafxulis ocnebiT Semosili:

“me sixaruli memosa da gazafxulis ocneba” (es grigalia siaxlis).

sixaruli saRvTo saxelia. saxarebis mixedviT, qriste aris “sixaruli yovlisa

erisa” (luka, 2, 10) (1, 1130.

“gazafxulebi uaxlovdeba Cems aRdgenil suls”, ambobda galaktioni da mainc

sjeroda RmerTisken mibruneba, mware zamTris Secvla zafxuliT: “...midis es mware

zamTari, zafxuli xalebs daagebs” (evropav, rogor ar gaxsovs?) (11, 195).

literatura





5. galaktioni, Txzulebani or wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1988.


7. nana kucia, litereturuli werilebi, Tb. 2005.




10. tite mosia, “daviTianis” saxismetyveleba, Tb. 2005.

11. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. 2, Tb. 1993.

gamxmar vazebsa da Tovlian alvebze wuxili

sicocxlis xe RmerTis metaforuli saxelia. igi arsebobas Zvel aRTqmaSi iwyebs.

“aRmoacena RmerTma miwidan sanaxavad saamo da saWmelad vargisi, Suagul baRSi

ki xe sicocxlisa da keTilisa da borotis Secnobisa” (dabadeba, 2, 9) (1, 8).

sicocxlis xis variaciebia: alva, palma, kiparisi, kenari, verxvi, bza, naZvi, vazi.

urwmunoTa, ukeTurTa movlinebis Jams sicocxlis xe “imsxvreva”, ibzareba,

xmeba, iZarcveba.

iudas da kaenis meufebas gansakuTrebiT revoluciebi uwyoben xels.

revolucias moaqvs ngreva, ganadgureba, sisxlisa da cremlis okeane. galaktionis

42

“rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi” revoluciad saxeldebuli totaluri

borotebis masStabebs warmoaCens, roca “cecxlis, talaxis, sisxlis wyurvili”,

“iudas saxe, kaenis landi da Rameebis Savi guguni” warmarTavs movlenebs,

jurRmulis, jojoxeTis saSineleba trialebs, sikeTe “moklulia afTariviT”,

“yelamde mosul vardebis grova, damsxvreuli swori kenari” gvzaravs, “avdars

avdari mohyveba” da amaoa “sxva siyvarulze” fiqri... (2, 179).

sisxlSi dacemuli vardebi da damsxvreuli kenari rwmenis ignorirebas ukeTebs

aqcents, radganac revoluciis Tanamdevia sarwmunoebis uaryofa, sisxliani

Zalmomreoba.

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom “jon-ridSi”, romelic aseve revoluciis Temas exeba,

“sarwmunoeba gaxda satanis”, xati pilates emsgavseba.

poeti kargad Caswvda revoluciis arss, epoqis mRvrie dinebas, umcdarad

iwinaswarmetyvela momavlis avbediTi movlenebi.

“verxvebSi” (2, 49) “verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqris Sriali” uSores zRaprad

aRiqmeba, dakargulia vardi da gvirilebi... verxvi da vardi saRmrTo saxelebia (3,

94-99).

leqsSi “zRaprebidan” (2, 61) varskvlavebs da mTvares _ Ze RmerTs da mariams

(mTvare mariamis saxelia, 4, 439) mimarTavs sasowarkveTili poeti gauZlisi

ubedurebis SesaCereblad, xolo verxvi “sneulia” da “oxravs”: “o, varskvlavebo, o,

TeTro mTvare, mama da deda, gesmiT Tu ara Cemi mwuxare oxvra dRezeda? o,

gaigoneT Cemi wuxili vardebSi rguli, o, damibruneT sabralo guli, mokluli

guli... momeciT guli, moeRos bolo saSinelebas. sneuli verxvi oxravs, sneuli,

sneuli verxvi”.

saRmrTo saxelebia verxvi, vardebi, dRec saRmrTo saxelia (5, 122). amjerad

verxvi “oxvriT savse”, anu kacTa ukeTurobebiT SeZrwunebulia.

“Rame, oboba, droTa avadmyofoba” Casafrebia “meocnebe xis kenweroebs”,

romelic idumali saxea da arsebiTze migvaniSnebs: “xan gamwkrivebuls zRvisken

weroebs, xan meocnebe xis kenweroebs, xan Rames, rogorc mZime oboba, waiRebs

droTa avadmyofoba...”

“atmis yvavilebSi” (2, 290) qarisgan gaibzara da gaiZarcva atmis xe (atmis xe

mariamis simboloa), “yvavili” (qristes simboloa) “mokvda”.

sxvagan “napralebze gadaimsxvra nergi” (atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo) (2, 29).

nergi, nergi cxovrebisa qristes zedwodebaa (5, 78).

leqsSi “angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti” (2, 74) gafiTrebulia “Rrublebi

feradi” da alva “tanadi”. alva qristes, “feradi Rrublebi” mariam RvTismSoblis

simboloebia.

“alvis xeebi mSvild-isars xrian” da “siyvarulis gamqrali sxivi”,

“daubrunebel droTa mesivi” ipyrobs yuradRebas leqsSi “alvis xeebi mSvild-

isars xrian” (2, 282).

alva Tovliania, Tasi gayinuli (alva qristes, Tasi _ mariamis saxelebia) rac

Rrma qveteqstebs Seicavs... Tanac TvalSi gvecema uCveulo saxe _ “ivlisisferi

yinvis TasebiT” da gvagondeba maisis Tovli, agvistos Tovli da am logikiT

“ivlisisferi yinvac” faravs religiur da politikur Canafiqrs (ix. dawvrilebiT

3, 31-40).

43

galaktioni alvas (sicocxlis xes) axarebda Tavis poeziaSi da mzeTunaxaviviT

mas mosavda ganumeorebeli ferebiT: “Seni alva dgas, rogorc daraji mzeTunaxavi

da mkrTali saxis” (avdris molodini) (2, 820).

alvasTan erTad, gazafxulze Tovlis fifqiT Semosili naZvi da gayinuli

nakaduli mianiSnebs urwmunoebis procesze leqsSi “TeTr Tovlis qveS”

naZvi da nakaduli saRmrTo saxelebia (5, 122).

“saRamoSi” Zels (xes, jvars) “SemoRamebis celi” razas anu tabus adebs, xolo

“dedofali alva” (mariamis saxea) civi elviT iRuneba, jvarze gakrulia ”elva”

(elvac mariamis saxea (3, 113-117).

sabediswero yinva, Rame,gardasuli gazafxuli da zamTris ZonZebiani xeebi

cxovrebis sazrisis dakargvas gvagrZnobinebs leqsSi “wami wams ezideba” (6, 276).

poema “mSvidobis wigni”, romelic erovnul-sarwmunoebriv problemebs, imperiisa

da patara qveynis mimarTebas exeba, simbolur warRvnas, wyaldidobas xeebi miaqvs,

baRs anadgurebs (baRi xalxis paradigmaa bibliis kvalobaze), “usaxoa mtevnebi” (7,

204, 216).

“muxebSi” (1925 w.) “vazebi gaxma, aRar moaqvs nayofi xexils, gadauvlia aqac

qartexils”. erTaderTi nugeSi ZvelisZveli muxebia, romlebic “siaxliT” “axal

qarTaTvis” gamklavebis Zalas amJRavneben (2, 397).

muxebi eris sulia, poets sjera misi Seumusraoba.

“aCrdilSi” ilia WavWavaZe wuxda sicocxlis xis gaxmobas. igive tkivili

msWvalavs galaktionis poezias.

galaktioni aramarto revoluciis ngrevis Sedegebs amxels sulier da

materialur WrilSi, aramed mosalodnel represiebsac Wvrets.

leqsSi “SiSi” (2, 64) xoleris gavrcelebiT migvaniSnebs totalur represiebze,

adamianTa sayovelTao “avadmyofobaze”, romelic sikvdiliT mTavrdeba, xolo

“xeebi xmebian’. xe igive sicocxlis xea, RmerTis paradigma.

bibliaSi orgvari baRi da venaxi figurirebs _ miwis da zecis.

miwis venaxi ebraeli xalxis paradigmaa: “cabaoT uflis venaxi israelis saxli

da iudas saxlia, misi sanatreli nergi’ (esaia, 5, 7) (1, 77).

zeciuri venaxi, WeSmariti venaxi qristes simboloa: “me var venaxi WeSmariti da

mamaCemi mevenaxea” (ioane, 15, 1) (8, 203).

galaktionis “mSvidobis wignSi” qristes saxelia “sulieri venaxi”, igive

“mSvidobis wigni”, romelsac eZebs poemis mTavari personaJi tarieli: “maS vli

sulier venaxTa windviT” (7, 11).

gamxmari vazebi poetma urwmuno epoqis dasaxasiaTeblad gamoiyena: “vazebi gaxma,

aRar moaqvs nayofi xexils, gadauvlia aqac qartexils” (6, 272).

“avdris molodinSi” (2, 197) qristes simbolod gaazrebulia “vazis mtevnebi”,

romliTac “dagvirgvinebulia qalwuli” _mariami. leqsSi SiSia imisa, rom

daiRupeba mwife mtevnebi, iqneb saerTod ar movides mebaRe (mebaRe, memarne

RmerTia): “am mwife mtevnebs dalewavs qari, Tu mwifobisTvem Sescvala dari.

mebaRem mosvla Tu ar ineba”. leqsi dawerilia 1916 w.

“dausrulebuli setyviT daRupuli yvavilebi da venaxebia” wuxilis sagani

leqsSi “mimRere rame” (9, 67).

44

grigalisagan gatacebuli vazis lerwi, “ardabrunebis” SiSi msWvalavs zecis

madidebeli poetis suls leqsSi “ardabruneba”: “ai, grigalma gaitaca wiTeli

lerwi vazis bunebis” (2, 83).

qristes simbolod gvesaxeba galaktionis “neli lerwebi da vazis mtevnebi,

feriuli akido, gviani mtevnebi,grZnobaTa mtevnebi, martoobis mtevani, SuaRamis

mtevani (10, 51-52).

gamomdinare aqedan, poets xsnis gzad esaxeboda “Zveli Rvino”, “sixarulis xma”

(kosmiuri orkestri) (6, 241-245).

Zveli Rvino qristes saxelia da momdinareobs esaias winaswarmetyvelebidan

(esaia, 25, 13).

qriste aris “sixaruli yovlisa erisa” (luka, 2, 10).

amitomac Tvreboda poeti “Zveli RviniT” (verxvebi), amitomac clida sixaruls

Wiqidan (sixaruli _ qriste, Wiqa _ mariami).

poetebis mefe rwmenis venaxs rgavda, rogorc qristes mebaRe da eimedeboda

“ZvelisZveli Rvino”, “feeriuli akido”, “gviani mtevnebi”.

literatura





4. uZvelesi iadgari, Tb. 1988.




8. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi,stokholmi,1992.



mitovebuli gzis monatreba

gza dasavlur da aRmosavlur religiebSi RmerTis simboluri saxeli iyo.

“bhagavad-gitaSi” ufali “uzenaes gzad”, “Zvirfas gzad” aris saxeldebuli (1,

121).

lao-Zis dao de ZinSi RmerTi aris “saTnoebis gza”, “didi gza”, “mziani gza” (2,

118).

bibliis mixedviT, RmerTi aris “mSvidobis gza” (esaia winaswarmetyveli, 59, 8) (3,

117).

45

“codnis gza” ewodeba RmerTs baruq winaswarmetyvelTan (baruqi, 3, 20), aseve,

“sibrZnis gza” (3,23).

qriste eubneba Tavis mowafeebs: “me var gza, WeSmariteba da sicocxle” (ioane,

14, 6) (4, 211).

qriste aris axali da cocxali gza: “amrigad, Zmano, raki gvaqvs gabeduleba

wmidaSi Sesvlisa iesos sisxlis meSveobiT, axali da cocxali gziT”... (pavle

mociquli, ebraelTa, 10, 190 (4, 481).

“RvTaebriv komediaSi” qristes ewodeba “WeSmariti gza, wminda gza, maradi gza,

gza uzeSTaesi” (5, 212, 218, 376).

galaktionis RmerTs ewodeba “gza cxovrebis” (grigali) (6, 342).

leqsSi “gambedavi da magari xeli” RmerTis saxelia “ucnobi gza’ (7, 182) (6, 195).

“gobelenSi” (6, 195) “uxilavi gzis” adresatia RmerTi: “alersTa uxvi dauxmo

veli damfaravs nislTa wamosasxamiT da daTrobaSi am Ramis RamiT uxilav gzebiT

Seva yoveli”.

am saRvTo gzis epiTetia “iisferi”: “da gars yoveli aris mwuxare, rom iisfer

gzas ar gaduxare, Zveli xalebi da magidebi, aalebuli Zveli buxari” (Zveli

motiviT) (6, 97).

leqsSi “aragvi” “cisferi da usazRvro gzebi” iqcevs yuradrebas “CvenTvis”

saintereso aspeqtSi.

qriste aris “mewamuli gza” (mtevani, vazis jvari) (8, 130).

“mSvidobis wignSi” yuradRebas iqcevs “wminda gza”, romelic saRvTo

Sinaarsisaa: “...romels ara gza, hqvia gza wminda”.

aqve “gzis kamara” dgas gandidebiT (9, 340).

leqsSi “1950” “uwmindesi gza” aris saRvTo Sinaarsis: “...rom TavdadebiT Seimosa

gza uwmindesi” (8, 523).

“vrceli gza” hqvia RmerTs “mudmiv mzesTan” da “mudmiv gazafxulTan” erTad

poema akaki wereTelSi: “gaiara vrceli gzebi, sad mudmivi mzea gznebi da mudmivi

gazafxulis dauWknobi yvavilebi” (10, 840).

RmerTis saxelia “ubolo gza”: “...Cemi mze isev ubolo gzebi da beatriCe

porstinaria”.

galaktions xiblavda frTaganieri horizontis gza (maxsovs zafxuli).

misi ideali iyo “iSviaTi gza”: “...poets cdis gza iSviaTi” (rom Seqmna rame diadi)

(10, 643).

“akakis landSi” saRmrTo saxelebia “gza mravalferi” da “gza iSviaTi” (10, 60).

“nugeSis gzaze” moaruli iyo galaktioni: “...gmadlob, nugeSo, Sens gzaze rom

daviarebi” (sxvagan sadaa) (10, 802).

amqveyniur, miwier sikeTeTa uarmyofeli, “unapiro gzas” gascqeroda: “Tqven

genatrebaT loJa, parteri, Tqven gindaT gaxdeT miliarderi. me ki varCevdi gzas

unapiros, cota siyvaruls da Rer papiross” (Tqven genatrebaT) (10, 797).

galaktionis gza iyo “sxivosani gza” (rogor ar iciT, Tu ra Zalaa).

“artistuli yvavilebis” avtoris arCevani iyo “usazRvrobis gza, maradisis gza,

didi gza, gza srulyofili, gza, maradisiT ganalandari, Soreuli Tovliani

bilikebi, vercxlisferi bilikebi, saRvTo bilikebi” (xelovneba) (11, 8).

“Zveli puris, Zveli Rvinis, ZvelisZveli wignis” (RmerTis saxelebia) moTayvane

poeti “Zveli gzis” erTgulebis ideas emsaxureboda; “...idumalebam dafara Sara.

46

viciT, gavigebT, igrZeniT ara?! ara da ara, ara da ara, isev Zveli gziT iare,

kmara!” (stansebi Selisa) (8, 580).

Zveli gzis erTguleba Zveli rwmenis erTgulebas niSnavda.

magram aTeisturma epoqam xalxs daaviwya “mxiaruli gza”, Zveli rwmena: “aq

odesme mxiaruli gziT uyvardaT siaruli, aw gza mitovebulia, rogorc Zveli

siyvaruli. magram yvelaferi Zveli amaoa da sasurveli: Zveli puri, Zveli Rvino,

Zveli stumar-maspinZeli’ (aq odesme mxiaruli) (12, 349).

RmerTisgan droebiTi gandgomis miuxedavad, xalxi mainc miubrundeboda rwmenas,

ase sjeroda galaktions. “gzaaurevi” iyo “mSvidobis wignis” personaJi tarieli,

romelmac ipova RmerTi, wminda gza.

rwmenis maradiulobas qadagebda poeti, “mudmivi gzis” savals kvalavda: “gzac

ukvdavia, rogorc trfiali” (mSvidobis wigni).

“mSvidobis gza rom odesme mokvdes, ara, es ar SeiZleba moxdes”, irwmuneboda

poeti (yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes) (8, 558).

literatura

1. “bhagavad-gita”, Targmani T. Cxenkelis, Tb. 1983.

2. lao-Zi, dao de Zini, Tb. 1984.






8. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 2 wignad, wigni II, Tb. 1988.





netari dRisa da Zveli dReebis mogoneba

dRe saRmrTo saxelia.

“Zveli dRe” mamaRmerTis saxelad danielis winasawarmetyvelebaSi gvxvdeba:

“bolos vnaxe, rom daidga taxtrevnebi da dajda Zveli dReTa. misi samosi

TovliviT spetaki iyo da sufTa matyliviT iyo Tmebi mis Tavze” (danieli, 7, 9).

“...Cems Ramis xilvaSi vnaxe: aha cis Rrublebze midioda kacis Zis msgavsi, igi

Zvel dReTastan mivida da wardgenil iqna mis winaSe” (danieli, 7, 13). (1, 255).

47

“...me vixile, rom es rqa wmindanebs ebrZoda da manamde jabnida maT, sanam Zveli

dReTa ar amovida da samsjavro uzenaes wmindanebs ar gadaeca” (danieli, 7, 22) (1,

255).

galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi gvxvdeba fiqri Zvel dReebze, wuxili masTan

samudamod Catexili xidis gamo; “Zvel dReebze raoden fiqrs itev, samudamod

Catexilo xidev. ar iqneba, rom gamrTelde kidev, samudamod Catexilo xidev...”

(Zvel dreebze) (2, 397).

“mSvidobis wignSi” dakarguli wignis povnis Semdeg kunapeti Rame gamziandeba,

“mzis sveti” da odiTgan qebuli “didi dRe” aciskrovnebT poemis personajebs: “...ra

didi dRea, ra samoTxea, qebuli odiT” (3, 300).

aqvea “sixaruli” (Ze RmerTi), wigni da gza, Cveni zeciuri deda: “o, sixarulo,

dedav, aqaa, rac Cemi gulis alersadaa _ bavSvoba, yrmoba, siwminde, Zmoba, kvlavac

erToba wignad da gzada” (3, 305).

vfiqrobT, “Zveli dRis”, “didi dRis” paralelurad, mamaRmerTis saxelad

figurirebs galaktionis poeziaSi “sxvagvari TibaTvis dRe”: “sxvagvar TibaTvis

dReebs igonebs Camaval mzeTa mgloviareba” (Sen erTi mainc) (4, 374).

vfiqrobT, am saxis STamagonebeli unda iyos biblia, romelSic yana

wuTisoflis simbolod gaiazreba, xolo misi Tibva da mka mamaRmerTis

prerogativaa, Tumca galaktionis “sxvagvar TibaTvis dRis” uSualo wyaros ver

mivageniT.

Cvenis azriT, “didi dRe” “Zveli dRis” analogiiT Seqmnili saRvTo saxelia.

“didi dRis” paralelurad moixsenieba “saamo dRe”.

vfiqrobT, am saxis adresati mamaRmerTia: “viT gSvenis patiosneba, es didi, es

saamo dRe; o, mSveniero ocneba, qveyniuro samoTxe !” (o, qveyniuro samoTxe !) (2,

429).

leqsSi religiuri saxeebia ca, mTa, samoTxe (mariamis simboloebia), didi da saamo

dRe mamaRmerTis, xolo “xe” qristes simboloebia.

leqsSi xazi esmeba SoTa rusTavelisa da galaktionis poeziis religiurobas,

rac maTi ukvdavebis sawindari gaxda.

saRmrTo saxelia “dRe”, romlis magaliTi daviT winaswarmetyvelis fsalmunSi

gvxvdeba: “es aris dRe, romelic hqmna ufalma, vilxinoT da vimxiaruloT masSi”

(fs. 117, 24) (5, 651).

dRe qristes saxelad aris moazrebuli samecniero literaturaSi (6, 26-27).

“dRis sielvariT” Tvreba galaktionis poeziis lirikuli personaJi, rac

RmerTTan wilnayarobis dasturia: “bevria mTvrali dRis sielvariT, zogi uRvinod

da zogi RviniT...”

amasTan, Tavs iCens mwuxareba, oxvra dReze; “o, varskvlavebo, o, TeTro mTvare,

mama da deda, gesmiT Tu ara Cemi mwuxare oxvra dRezeda?” (zRaprebidan) (7, 173).

varskvlavi qristes saxelia (6, 32-33).

mTvare mariam RvTismSoblis metaforaa (8, 99).

saRmrTo dEis axal-axali niuansebiT gvaocebs galaktionis poezia.

originaluri saxea galaktionis “iagundis dRe”.

leqsSi “dRe gafiTrda iagundis” (1919 w.) qriste figurirebs, rogorc “iagundis

dRe”, romelic gafiTrebulia kacTa ukeTurobiT, siavis RrublebiT: “dRe

48

gafiTrda iagundis, dgas Rrublebis jgufebi. ragind didi guli gqondes, mainc

daiRupebi”.

iagundi RvTismSoblis saxelia: “daviT guramiSvils RvTismSoblis metaforad

iagundi-lali gamouyenebia... mas wyaro ar eZebneba: “anTrak-almas-safirono,

iagundo-lalo” (daviTiani, 111) wers profesori tite mosia (8, 88).

galaktion tabiZis “iagundis dRe” saRvTo Sinaarsisaa da SeiZleba

STagonebuli iyos daviT guramiSvilis saxiT.

leqsSi “Sen da Semodgoma” galaktioni mimarTavs iagundis Suqis saxes,

romelSic SeiZleba iagundi mariamis, Suqi _ qristes mniSvnelobiT gavigoT: “Suqi

ar inTeba Camqral iagundis” _ es fraza, vfiqrobT, urwmunoebas ukeTebs aqcents.

galaktionis poeziaSi gazafxulze zamTrdeba, gazafxulze Tovs, gazafxulze

iyineba wyaro, xolo dRes, dilas Rame epareba, anu urwmunoebaa, rasac mignebuli

saxeebiT gamoxatavs poeti: “SeRamebuli dilebis landi”, “an ra davarqvaT Ramis

Crdils diliT...”

zemoTmiTiTebuli saRmrTo Sinaarsis dReebs miekuTvneba “netari dRe”, romelic

gazafxulTan erTad (gazafxuli saRmrTo saxelia) mogonebaSi ambobs: “...da

movigone natari dReni da gazafxuli ukanaskneli...”

uRmerTobaze migvaniSnebs “Suqmiuvali dReebi”, xolo “edemTa msgavsi dReebi”

rwmeniT gaciskrovnebaze (yofila mware dReebi) (2, 178).

saRvTo Sinaarsis unda iyos “silaJvardeTa mfeni dReni” (gars momexvivnen

dReni) (3, 193), “fuZemdebeli dRe” (1950) (2, 268).

literatura


2. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, wigni 3, Tb. 1994.





7. galaktion tabiZe, Txz. 5 tomad, t. I, Tb. 1993.


Zveli wignebis areuli gverdebi

wignis saRmrTo saxeladgagebis tradicia esaia winaswarmetyvelis naazrevSi

dasturdeba: “iqneba mTeli es xilva, rogorc dabeWdili wignis sityvebi...”

gaigoneben im dRes yruebi wignis sityvebs da brmaTa Tvalebi bnelidan da

ukunidan gamoixedaven” (esaia, 29, 11, 18) (1, 94).

49

netari avgustine ambobs “aRsarebaSi”: “arasdros ar daixeva maTi wigni,

arasdros ar aireva maTi gragnili imitom, rom TviT xar, ufalo, es wigni maTTvis

da am wignadve hgieb ukunisamde” (2, 217).

dantem RmerTs uwoda “sanukvari wigni, diadi wigni” (3, 383).

galaktioni amravalferovnebs wignis simbolos.

misTvis qriste aris “wigni cis da dedamiwis, wydiadis da ganTiadis

manaTobeli wigni, wigni _ sicocxle, wigni _ sindisi, Zvirfasze Zvirfasi wigni,

simarTlis mcveli wigni, wigni wminda, wigni saerTo, Zveli wigni, wigni edemi,

wigni _ samSoblo, maradisi wigni, udidesi wigni, wigni Zveli da wigni axali,

wigni, viTarca asomTavruli, wigni _ grZneuli, wigni _ nugeSi, wigni xsnis

sawuTrois, mSvidobis mcveli wigni, nugeSismcemeli wigni, sicocxlis mToveli

wigni” (mSvidobis wigni).

aidealebda ra saRmrTo Sinaarsis wigns da am “wignis” mcvelis misias siamayiT

da simtkiciT asrulebda, amave dros, poetisTvis, rogorc orTodoqsi

qristianisTvis, absoluturad miuRebeli iyo saukuneebis win miRebuli rwmenis

Secvla da Seryvna, “Zveli wignebis” gverdebis areva, igi darwmunebuli iyo, rom

WeSmariti qristianuli gzis uarmyofelis xvedri iqneboda wyevla da SeCveneba.

“Zveli baRis” (xalxis bunebis) kvdoma rwmenis uaryofas ukavSirdeba da

savalalo xvedris garduvalobaze afrTxilebda gzagamrudebulebs: “...da baRic

kvdeba Zvelad darguli, is yvelafers grZnobs kvaldakarguli... gazafxulisa

gahqra mzveneba da miefara nisls sizmareuls, Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls

sdevs mxolod wyevla da SeCveneba” (Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls) (4, 281).

“sanTlebis, wignebis wyevla” ar ascdeba WeSmariti rwmenis orguls, cru

winaswarmetyvel misanTa, grZneul SemlocvelTa mimdevars” (domino) (5, 101-103).

am SemTxvevaSic wigni uflis paradigmaa iseve, rogorc sanTeli (6, 122).

xolo rwmenis erTgulebSi, romelTac asxivosnebT RmerTi, galaktioni “Zveli

wignis” keTil “daRs” xedavs: “...isev kvlav Zveli Srialebs baRi da Zveli daRi

wignebis azis” (mSvidobis wigni) (7, 128).

wigni “cisierebas” aniWebs adamians,wignis mkiTxvel xalxs “Subls daesaxa

cisiereba” (iqve).

wuTisoflis cdunebebze, miwierze amaRleba wigniT _ rwmeniT xdeba, xolo misi

damviwyebelni samSoblos saxes “gadawignviTac” ver icnobiereben: “suli scdeba am

sofels siCumiT da wigniTa. ver poulobs samSoblos Tundac gadawignviTa” (ager

Semodgomobis).

“gadarCa Zveli ra wigni ese, raa yoveli, rac me vikvnese!” _ naTqvamia

“mSvidobis wignSi” (7, 311).

“ver dagvZlevs is sxva”, “oblis kveri cxva”, rwmeniT acxadebs poeti (7, 195).

galaktioni darwmunebuli iyo mSvidobis gzisa da mSvidobis wignad

moazrebuli RmerTis maradiulobaSi: “mSvidobis gza rom odesme mokvdes, ara, es

ar SeiZleba moxdes... mSvidobis wigns gvirgvins vervin moxdis” (yvelaferi

SeiZleba moxdes) (4, 739).

SeiZleba qveynebi daiRupon, ganadgurdes yvelaferi, ferflad iqces

xelSesaxebi, materialuri samyaro, magram maradiulad darCeba ca (ca caTa) da

wigni (RmerTi): “saSveli qveynad aRar yofila, ararsebobad STanTqmulan rigni _

ukmayofilo da kmayofili. ra darCa? _ ferfli, ca da es wigni” (me Seni wigni).

50

galaktions “Zveli wignis” (RmerTis) erTguleba miaCnia upirveles valad,

momavlis sawindrad (Zveli wignis dacva).

poetis idealia “wigni vedrebiani” (gviani ocneba), “erTaderTi wigni”

(Semodgomaa).

magram mwuxarebas ganacdevinebs is, rom “daxurulia wigni ukanaskneli mwuxris”

(ara erTi da ori).

demoni esaxeba im mSvenieri wignebis mtrad: “...da ornamentiT akrTobda demons

im mSvenieri wignebis Zala, wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo vardiT morTuli

Canda Tavis qala” (vardebi) (4, 537).

poeti ase xsnis Tavis meore wigns _ “Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT

saxelwodebas: “Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT” igulisxmeba Tavis qala

(sikvdili), artistuli yvavilebi (xelovneba), sikvdili da xelovneba. romelma

unda gaimarjvos? ra Tqma unda, xelovnebam. ra aris xelovneba? xalxisadmi,

samSoblosadmi samsaxuri” (sakuTari leqsebis Sesaxeb) (8, 87).

gasagebia, ratom frTxeba demoni “im mSvenieri wignebis ZaliT”, anu uflis mier

STagonebuli SemoqmedebiT.

galaktioni iyo uZvelesi da uaxlesi ganZis _wignis, rwmenis mcveli: “...rom

davicav uZveles ganZs, im uZveles wigns davicav... Sens uaxles wigns davicav”

(msobliuro Cemo miwav) (4, 611).

wuTisoflis cdunebebze, miwierze amaRleba wigniT _ rwmeniT xdeba, magram

samSoblos saxes zogierTni “gadawignviTac ver pouloben: “suli scdeba ama

sofels siCumiT da wigniTa. ver poulobs samSoblos Tundac gadawignviTa” (ager

Semodgomobis).

literatura


2. netari avgustine, “aRsareba”, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, Tb. 1985.







Sen... sicocxlisTvis ar Segixedavs

51

cxovreba aris qristes simbolo: “me var gza, WeSmariteba da sicocxle...” (ioane, 14,

6) (1, 211).

“cxovrebis” paralelurad, galaktioni xSirad mimarTavs “yofnis” cnebas:

“mTvralia cecxliT, mTvralia yofniT” (3, 398).

aseve gamoxatavs “yofnis” (cxovrebis, RmerTis) maradiulobis ideas: “...darCeba

xsovna yofnas, dioniss da iSviaTad Tu mobrwyindeba sxva saukune galaktionis”

(cisferi) (2, 221).

poetis mizani iyo ara amao, umizno sicocxlisken, aramedmaradiuli

“trfobisken”, RmerTisken swrafva!: “...vin igrZno sicocxle amao, umizno,an Sveba vin

igrZno, an trfoba vin icno?” (saRamo) (3, 190).

gazafxuliT, sicocxliT, rwmeniT savse guli Tu srulyofil arsebobasTan

ziarebaa, urwmunoebiT daCrdiluli guli sasikvdilod ganwiruli yviTeli

foTlis msgavsia: “...maSin iyo CemSi guli gazafxuli moelvare da sicocxliT

aRgznebuli, magram exla guli ar maqvs, bneli Crdilavs sicocxlis brols da Tu

vgavar, mxolod exla, sevdis foTols, yviTel foTols” (yviTeli foToli) (4, 155).

zogjer “sicocxlis aCrdils suli ar erTvis” (sxva yvelaferi) (3, 135).

sxvagan ki ganuSorebelia misgan: “...aCrdilo, wuTiTac ki ar maviwydebi... Sens

aCrdils, sicocxleo veRar vSordebi!” (versad, verasdros) (3, 82).

poeti ocnebobda RmerTze _ “sxva sicocxleze” da masTan Sexvedris gzad

sikvdili miaCnda, radgan yoveli adamiani gardacvalebis Jams usaTuod unda

warsdges Tavisi maradiuli msajulis _ RmerTis winaSe: “Rirda Tu ara sxva

sicocxleze ocneba Cumi da fermixdili? sxva gza ar vici uaxloesi: erTaderTi

gza aris sikvdili” (mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi) (2, 132).

visac “sicocxlis” axlos gauvliada sulis TvaliT ar uxilavs igi, misi

arseboba SeuZlebelia srulfasovani iyos: “...ar gicxovria Sen qveyanaze, Sen

gaiare sicocxlis axlo... Sen gaiare sicocxlis axlo da sicocxlisTvis ar

Segixedavs” (stansebi) (5, 508-509).

galaktioni eZebda RmerTs _ “sicocxlis mizans” da sevdiT avsebda misi dumili

(sad?) (2, 30).

RmerTi poetisTvis iyo “sicocxlis sagani” da surda misi xilva mxolod

samSoblos sanaxavidan: “dabrkolebaTa aTasgvar sakans, Seuracxyofis susxsac

avitan, oRond vxedavde sicocxlis sagans Cemi samSoblos sanaxavidan” (Cemi gulia

dRes es Savi zRva) (2, 383).

netari avgustine brZanebs: “RmerTi... igia sicocxle Cemi sicocxlisa” (aRsareba)

(6, 307).

galaktionis poeziaSi RmerTi “yofnaa”, amqveyniuri yofnis gziT sulis

ukvdavebis momniWebeli: “yofnam yofnas ukvdaveba uxilavad daatana” (uxilavi).

poetis mier qriste ganicdeba, rogorc “yofna axali”, ganaxleba,”aRdgomis

kvali”: “axal welTan Sen gelodi da velodi yofnas axals da vucdidi

ganaxlebas da veZebdi aRdgomis kvals” (axal wlis Rames).

saxarebaSi qriste aris aRdgoma da cxovreba (ioane, 11, 25).

galaktionis qriste sicocxlea, romelic moiazreba “Zvirfas TasTan” _

mariamTan erTad: “...ca siyvarulis da sicocxliT Zvirfasi Tasi” (marmarilo) (7,

73).

52

qriste poetisTvis sicocxlea, qmediTi arsebobis Zala: “...sicocxle Zalas

maZlevda da samoqmedod miwvevda marad” (mwuxareba).

RmerTi “aRfrTovanebuli cxovrebaa”, romelic, simbolur vardebTan erTad,

aTrobs poets: “vTvrebi vardebiT da yvelaferiT, aRfrTovanebul cxovrebiT

vTvrebi...”

cxovrebis zRvaSi danTqmul adamianebs enatrebaT ganaxleba, axali qveyana,

axali miwa: “da moelodnen axal cxovrebis ganaxlebuli zRvac da miwaca” (ca,

zRva, miwa).

RmerTi aris “axal cxovrebis xe”: “...Cemi salami axal cxovrebis xes da

xexilebs” (gza axal-axal gadamTovrebis).

qriste “sicocxlis Cangia”, “dRis xma”,mariami _ “Tasi dRis xmaTa”, “Tasi

zambaxeuli”: “sicocxlis Cangebs mivaSuroT isev TasebiT, mraval wyurvilTa

gaxelebiT, gaaTasebiT... vTqvaT amomskdari miwebidan zRva darxeuli, Tasi dRis

xmaTa da kvlav Tasi zambaxeuli” (mivaSuroT).

RmerTi aris “sicocxlis wigni” (mSvidobis wigni).

“RvTaebriv komediaSi” RmerTi dasaxulia, rogorc “saboloo mizani”: “...da me

vigrZeni siaxlove im sauflosi, sad survilebis saboloo aris mizani” (8,400).

galaktioni eZebda RmerTs _ “sicocxlis mizans”: “vwuxvar,veZaxdi sicocxlis

mizans” (sad?) (2, 30).

qriste aris “cocxal cxovrebis cecxli”, ‘sicocxle gullmobieri”, romelic

dilam _ mariamma moavlina: “sicocxle dilis _ gullmobieri,sxivTa krTomaSi

aris Zlieri” (istoriis axali gverdi) (5, 320).

RmerTi “sicocxlis fesvia mkvidrnaTeli...”

qristianuli RmerTi ganicdeba, rogorc “mtevani”, sicocxlis qari”: “mtevnebi,

savse mzis alublebiT, gulSi rekaven sicocxlis qarad” (gadaviareT mrisxane

zRvebi) (9, 385).

“sicocxlis xmebad” moazrebuli RmerTis Zaxilic ugrZvnia poets: “ra

feradebiT Canda qveyana, rarig gveZaxda sicocxlis xmebi” (gaumarjos mebrZol

Taobas).

galaktionistvis RmerTi aris sicocxlis wyaro: “me msurda grZnobiT

davewafebodi sicocxlis wyaros, grZnobiT aRbeWdils” (mwuxareba).

literatura



3. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t I, Tb. 1993.

4. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t II, Tb. 1993.





9. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. 2, Tb. 1994.

53

Camqrali sanTlebis anTebis misiiT

sanTlis simbolika saTaves iRebs bibliidan da sasuliero poeziidan. ieso ambobs

ioane naTlismcemelze: “igi iyo sanTeli aRnTebuli da saCino” (ioanes saxareba,

563,41).

sasuliero poeziaSi abo Tbileli aris “sanTeli gabrwyinvebuli” (miqael

modrekili) (1, 482).

ezra eqvTime mTawmindels uwodebs sanTels: “hbrwyinevdi rai sanTeli maRalsa

maszeda sasanTlisasa” (1, 485).

basili ase mimarTavs eqvTime mtawmindels: “sanTeli xar mnTebare sasanTlesa

zeda maralsa mRviZarisasa” (1, 506).

saxotbo poeziaSi mariami aris sasanTle (ioane SavTeli, “abdulmesiani”) (1, 520).

CaxruxaZis “TamarianSi” Tamariaris “brwyinvale sanTeli”: “sciskrob Sen

naTlad, brwyinvale sanTlad” (1, 475).

ioane SavTelis “abdulmesianSi” Tamari warmoidgineba zecis naTelis,

brwyinvale sanTlis saxiT: “zeciT xar naTlad, brwyinvale sanTlad” (1,491).

ioane minCxi qristes uwodebs sanTels; “viTarca sanTeli aRenTe Sors bnelTa

naTesavTa maT ugulisxmoTa” (2, 506).

“Zlispirnis” mixedviT, mariam RvTismSobeli aris “sasanTle” (3, 35).

“uZveles iadgarSi” (1980 w.) mariams ewodeba “sanTeli WeSmariti” (4, 382),

usxeulo naTlis brwyinvale sasanTle (4, 549).

galaktion tabiZe Zalze xSirad religiuri SinaarsiT, qristes metaforad

iyenebs sanTlis saxes.

leqsSi “sanTlebi” (6, 33) “Sors, zurmuxtisfer sivrcis iqiT” mbrwyinavi

idealis _ sanTlebisken miiswrafvis mezRvauri, magram zRvis mRelvareba gems

misken misvlis saSualebas ar aZlevs da “miuwvdomeli sanTlebis” brwyinvas

Soridan Sescqeris leqsis lirikuli gmiri.

sanTeli qristes simboloa, romliskenac gzas ketavs zRva _ codvili cxovreba.

leqsSi “sanTeli” (1, 582) saubaria “sulis Sexebaze”, uzenaesis suli sanTelia,

romelsac droSasaviT maRla atarebs poeti: “Ramis naTelSi, mtverSi, mTvareSi

miyvarda sulis Sexeba Seni. Tbilisis daRlil qaris TareSi, koSkebi, Zvelad

nageb-naSeni”.

koSki mariamis simboloa.

yoveldRiurobis warmavlobaSi poetis nugeSia suli-sanTeli-RmerTi: “yoveldRe

modis axali talRa, myvirala, susti da dRevandeli da droSasaviT me mimaqvs

maRla sanTeli... Seni suli, sanTeli”.

qriste aris “erTaderTi sanTeli”, romelic “uZveles baRSi” anTia, magram

grigali, koriantelia irgvliv: “Sors erTaderTi enTo sanTeli, uuZvelesi baRis

totebiT, aq ki grigali, korianteli da tye mSfoTvare TavgamodebiT” (me

erTaderTi mqonda wuxili) (7, 335).

uZvelesi baRi uZvelesi istoriis mqone xalxia, grigali, korianteli urwmuno

epoqa, sanTlis siSore uflisgan gaucxoebs mianiSnebs.

54

sxvagan “koSkidan erTi naTobs sanTeli”.

koSki mariamis, sanTeli qristes metaforaa.

urwmuno epoqis maxasiaTebelia leqsi “yvela SandalSi Caqra sanTeli” (7, 240).

masSi demoni aqrobs sanTels, magram roca “dawynardeba qari, “uceb” aenTeba

“yvela sanTeli...”

werilSi “Zvirfasi saflavebi” poetis mizania Camqrali da dafaruli sanTlebis

anTeba: “...Cveni suli iRviZebs da mzad aris isev aanTos Camqrali da dafaruli

siamayis sanTlebi” (8, 61).

leqsSi “akakis landi” (7,160) galaktioni imedovnebs, rom akaki wereTlis landi

isev moevlineba urwmuno Taobebs da daviwyebul xatTan sanTlis anTebis magaliTs

miscems: “...da ar dagvtovebs poeti oblad, rom ar aanTos isev sanTeli

daviwyebuli xatis maxloblad”.

galaktionis poeziaSi gamudmebuli lodinia “sanTlis”: “Cven erTad vucdidiT

RameSi TeTr sanTels, Cven erTad movrkaleT lodini da ricxvi” (axali

mosaxleoba) (8, 85).

poeti yviTeli sanTlebis, yviTeli foTlebis fonze CiraRdnebs anTebs da

loculobs uzenaesze (trioletebi) (8, 799).

aTeistur epoqaSi poetis wuxilis mizezia Camqrali sanTlebi, Savi Rame da

sinanuliT igonebs sanTlebis _ RmerTis msaxurebis dros: “sadRaa exla sanTeli

igi, RamiT rom enTo ocnebas nazi? is Camqralia da Ramis sivrces Savi zolebis

STenia xazi” (asi wlis winaT).

qarSi (epoqis kataklizmebSi) qreba Sandali, cecxli, gazafxulis lampari:

“qreba qarSi Sandali, ocneba SarSandeli” (violes), “ganelda cecxli, Caqra lampari,

sagazafxulo aliT nTebuli”.

poetis ocnebaa, “isev ainTos lampari vualis... violes da sxvebis Sesaxeb”

(violes) (7, 75). vuali, mandili mariamis simboloa.

bibliaSi elia winaswarmetyvelis sityvaa lamparTan Sedarebuli: “gamoCnda

elia winaswarmetyveli, viTarca cecxli da sityva misi, viTarca lampari

egzneboda” (sibrZne ziraqisa) (48, 1) (9, 69).

lampari mariam RvTismSoblis metaforac aris: “nevmirebuli Zlispirnis” (1982)

mixedviT, mariami aris “anTebuli da dauSreteli lampari” (3, 203).

poeti daeZebs “titanur als” da ara ubralo sanTels: “Turme ubralo iyo

sanTeli, titaniur als me rom varqmevdi” (mwyemsi).

poema “mSvidobis wigni” aTeizmis epoqis erovnul-religiur problemebs eZRvneba

da masSi xSirad upirispirdeba korianteli da sanTeli: “am koriantels vin andobs

sanTels, imeds winandels gadesva celi” (10, 240).

sanTeli, kandeli (rwmena) aCiraRdnebs suls da Zalad iqceva: “aqa-iq soflad

anTebdnen sanTels, gaaqvs maxloblad brdRviali kandelebs, gaibardneba da

mtlad adneba gaCiraRdneba Roned da Zalad” (mSvidobis wigni).

grigali uZluria xalxis nebasTan: “grigali ver aqrobs WaRebs, bnels ver

aCaRebs” (mSvidobis wigni).

bolos mainc sikeTe zeimobs da eri suliT maRldeba: “mainc ar Caqra Cveni

sanTeli... moedos agrec gzas Jruanteli, mainc ver Caqres Cveni sanTeli” (iqve) (10,

351).

55

RmerTis originaluri saxea “mSvidobiani sicocxlis sanTeli”: “qalaqad,

soflad msvidobiani sicocxlisas anTebdnen sanTlebs, evlinebodnen midamoebs

mSvidobis mcvelad” (mSvidobis wigni) (10, 24).

rwmena kandelia, “yofna kandeliviT” unda iyos.

magram kandels qariSxali emuqreba: “sinaTlis Suqma qariSxalTan daiwyo Sebma,

miirx-moirxa moelvare didi kandeli” (erTxel).

sanTlis CaqrobiT yoranic dainteresebulia: “yovelTvis mgonia: gadifrens

yorani da sanTlebs Caaqrobs Tvalebis alvaSi” (yorani) (7,274).

sanTels Tovliani mtveric faravs: “sanTeli Cafla Tovlianma mtverma”

(mSvidobis wigni).

poetis kredoa CiraRdnis maRla aweva: “maS azide CiraRdani, aswi, maSa !”

ca, caTa ca, sulieri ca RmerTebis _ sanTlebis saufloa, magram es

saidumloeba nislSia ganfenili da miuwvdomelia mokvdavTaTvis: “caze sanTlebi

darges, nislSi moZraobs arsi”.

nislSi saRamoTi gaudaburebuli sanTelia leqsSi “sarkmeli saRamom” (12, 308).

galaktionis poeziaSi mravlad aris saxate, xatis sanTeli, “ucxo naTlis

mgznebare sxivi da Tvalebi” (lampari).

STagonebis wami sanTels ukavSirdeba: “wami sanTlad enTeba, mRvrie,

cecxlistoteba” (megobars).

unazes xelnawerebze “serafimis frTa, sevdiani sanTeli saukuno alad anTia”

(unazesia xelnaweri) (11, 258).

poezia, mxatvruli sityva rwmenis msaxuria da amdenad kandels emsgavseba: “da

poezia _ mSfoTvare sulis korianteli, uwinamZRvrebda mizans dasaxuls _

rogorc kandeli” (gamogoneba).

poetic kandeliviT unda anaTebdes: “de, anaTebde rogorc kandeli...”

erTnairad sWirdeba kandeli, kvari (RmerTi) mexres, mgosans, sardals,

mwignobars, brZens. aris RvTismsaxurebis sanTeli, xatis win rom anTeben,

“sanTlebis jiRa, sanTlebis zoli” da uzenaesis simbolod moazrebuli sanTeli.

sanTlis Suqze naweri wignebi “anaTebdnen siRrmes gulisas da als agznebdnen

siyvarulisas” (mSvidobis wigni). siyvaruli RmerTia (ioane, I, 8, 4).

“sanTliT ifoTleba Cveni Cumi ezo, gaswi, mimaqanebs TvalTa gadakargva” _ ambobs

poeti da sanTeli qristes, ezo mariamis simboloa.

poetis winsvlis sawindaria “simarTlis kandeli’ _ RmerTi: “mwvervalzeda

Slis ca nislis fantels, mivyavar mxolod simarTlis kandels” (fiWvi biWvinTis)

(8, 761).

uRmerTobis, Camqrali sanTlebis, lampris, CiraRdnis anTebis sapatio misia xvda

galaktions wilad, ramac saukunis yvela poetisgan gamoarCia.

amasTan, poetma amxila “sanTlis Camqrobeli dampyrobeli” (akaki wereTeli) anu

uRmerTo rusuli bolSevizmis odiozuri naSierebi, romlebic cecxliTa da

maxviliT ebrZodnen qristianobas da mis msaxurT.

literatura

1. Cveni saunje 20 tomad, t. I, Tb. 1960.

56

2. qarTuli mwerloba, w. I, 1987.




6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t I, Tb. 1993.

7. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t 12, Tb. 1975.



10. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t 11, Tb. 1973.

11. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t III, Tb. 1994.

sabedniero sulis Zieba

galaktion tabiZes gamoarCevda rwmena, marTlmadidebluri religiis erTguleba,

“sabedniero sulis” Zieba.

suli ki RmerTia: “ xolo ufali sulia da sadac uflis sulia, iq

Tavisuflebaa” (pavle mociquli, II korinTelTa, 4, 17) (1, 388).

dionise areopagelis mixedviT, ‘sulica ufal ars”, RmerTi sulia saxieri,

RmerTi sulia WeSmaritebisa, romelic mamisgan gamovals” (2, 15, 14).

“RmerTi aris suli da misi Tayvanismcemelni Tayvans unda scemdnen suliTa da

WeSmaritebiT” (ioane, 4, 240 (1, 184).

dantesTan RmerTi moxseniebulia, rogorc “suli pirvelqmnili, maRali suli,

uRrmesi suli” (3, 285,335,383).

“diadi, didebuli suli, miwis suli ewodeba ufals goeTes “faustSi”. faustis

mier gamoxmobili miwis suli Tavad RmerTis grZnobad _ empiriuli saxebaa (o.

Winoria) (4, 14).

“maTTvis miwas jer suli ar hqonia”, ambobs galaktioni vaipoetebis misamarTiT

(saidumlo myvirala frazebisa) (5,525) da misi “miwis suli”, “gemebis suli”,

yvavilT suli”, Walebis suli” uzenaesis xatebaa.

galaktionis RmerTi aris “sagazafxulo suli”, “SeuzRudveli suli” (uxilavi)

(6, 66).

galaktion tabiZes RmerTTan mimsgavsebuli, “Tavadis” suli hqonda: “ca,

martooba, suli Tavadis da erTaderTis mravalTan Sebma” (qalaqSi) (7, 220).

poetis ideali iyo “sulSi mzis moTavseba” (marmarilo) (5, 75).

poetebis mefis suls “asxiosnebda” “ukvdavebis saxe narnari...”

“sagazafxulo sulis” poeti mReroda “siyvarulis simReras”, gazafxuli da

siyvaruli ki saRmrTo saxelebia.

aTeistur epoqaSi gauCinarebul suls evedreboda poeti gamocxadebas: “suls

borkilebi risTvis daade? rad SemWer frTebi, kaeSnis bade? daimsxvra suli

frqveuli camde, gahqra faruli cis sidiade, aRmeZra wyluli, sevdiT moculi,

atirda guli,gamomecxade! stirian mTebi, mosTqvamen frTebi, geZaxi, vkvdebi,

gamomecxade!” (gamomecxade) (6, 178).

57

roca xalxi RmerTis Tayvanismcemeli iyo, “suli frenda da naTels hfenda”

(mSvidobis wigni) (8, 84).

poetis suli grZnobda cas, yvavilebs, beWdebs (ca _ mamaRmerTi, yvavilebi _

qriste, beWedi _ mariami), samebas, magram iwyeboda uzenaesTan “saukuno

gamosalmeba”, uRmerToba da demoni ikavebda qristianuli idealis adgils: “da

mxolod RamiT igrZnobs suli, rogorc samebas, yvavilebs da cas, saukuno

gamosalmebas, mogonebebi elvareben isev beWdebad, mova demoni, dafiqrdeba da

SeeWvdeba” (saRamov, vici) (7, 169).

sikeTes, sinaTles, mSvidobas enacvleboda Savi da sazareli Ramis saburveli:

“ara sikeTe da TeTri suli gialersebda mSvidobis msurvels, aramed Savi da

sazareli Rame gaxvevda Tavis saburvels...”

poeti mistiroda“sulis”, “sulikos” uaryofas: “gamqraliyo, wasuliyo mSvenieri

is suliko, mxolod mTvare anaTebda, radganac mze Casuliyo” (akaki wereTeli) (5,

832).

uRmerTo arseboba jojoxeTs umzadebda adamianebs, uziareblad, RmerTis

xsenebis gareSe aResrulebodnen rwmenadakarguli adamianebi, arsad Canda

“sabedniero suli”: “sad aris CemTvis samagiero, sabedniero sad aris suli? viT

samoTxidan aligieri, me jojoxeTiT var dafaruli” (silaJvarde anu vardi

silaSi) (7, 129).

mamaRmerTs evedreboda suliwmindis taZrad qceuli poeti mismieri sulis, anu

qristes movlinebas, radgan “undobar xans” “sisxliT da cxedrebiT” aevso gzebi:

“mzeo TibaTvisa, mzeo TibaTvisa, locvad muxlmoyrili graals Sevedrebi, igi,

vinc miyvarda didi siyvaruliT, frTebiT daifare, amas gevedrebi! tanjva-

gansacdelSi Tvalni miuriden, suli moavline isev Senmieri, dila gauTene isev

ciuridan, suli umankoTa miec mSvenieri” (mzeo TibaTvisa) (5, 126).

graali aris simbolo RvTismSoblisa, suliwmindisa (9, 38).

ciuri sulis saswaulmoqmed sxivs SesTxovda galaktioni sicivisgan gayinuli

gulis gaTbobas: “daadne sxivi, sulo ciero,am sicivisgan gayinul gulze”

(niaRvari) (6, 33).

“vardebis mefeni”, ciuri, Tavadis suli amSvenebda poetebis mefes da igi suls,

“sulier venaxs” _ RmerTs eZebda.

“me suli ar maqvs amqveyniuri”, ambobda “artistuli yvavilebis” avtori da

marTlac, poeti iyo “sxva sulis” amara. misi suli Tovlze uspetakesia,

varskvlavebis sulze uvrcesia, suli ciuria, suls maradis surs ciereba; iwveba

suli xilvis tarosze, suli cecxlze umxurvalesia, sulSi tropikis SuadRiT

cxela, “idumal simReraze sulis cecxlad gadaqceva” enatreba poets.

misi suli maradiulad anTebuli da gaalebulia: “sulo, Sen gaaldebi!”.

ioane petriwi ambobs: “sulica warmodga Tangaalebulad” (10, 80).

cnobilia, sulier Zalebs axasiaTebT wvisa da naTebis unari (11, 77-78).

“mkrTali gacurda ali, ca daaSuqa wynar suls” _ ase spetakdeba suli zeciuri

cecxliT, siwmindiT.

“sulSi nislis tbebia da qaosis mxatvari” (qaosis mxatvari RmerTia) (7, 211).

“sagazafxulo suli viyav da me vmRerodi”, gvamcnobs poeti uzenaesTan

Tanaziarobas. “gazafxulebi uaxlovdeba Cems aRdgenil suls”, naTqvamia leqsSi

“xandaxan”.

58

gazafxuli saRmrTo saxelia.

RvTiT mironcxebuli poetis “sulSi geniiT atexili rekavs lerwami”

(marmarilo) (7, 54).

mizani isaa, rom “suli ar miisils” (sasaflaoze).

poets esmis “sulis xmovaneba locvis simxurvaleSi” (lurja cxenebi _ 7, 52),

rogorc dantes esmoda “sulis xma”,...

“suli izrdeba” da galaktions sjera RmerTze locvaSi gadiadebuli sulis

maradiuloba: “ar mjera, suli rom gaifantos Senze locvaSi aRmonaceni”.

galaktions evlineboda naTeli suli, saubrobda “sulis Sexebaze” (sanTeli) (7,

58).

RmerTis suli, suliwmindis madli gamoarCevda poetebis mefis sityvas da

Tavisi poeziiT rwmenisken mibrunebas emsaxura, ucdomlad iwinaswarmetyvela

“sabedniero sulisken” mibruneba.

literatura


2. petre iberi (fsevdo-dionise areopageli), Sromebi,1961.


4. goeTe, fausti, Tb. 1961.


6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t, I, Tb. 1993.

7. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 2 tomad, t, I, Tb. 1988.

8. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t, 11, Tb. 1973.

9. zviad gamsaxurdia, saqarTvelos sulieri misia, Tb. 1990.

10. ioane petriwi, t. I, Tb. 1940. 11. drevsi,miTi qristes Sesaxeb (rusul enaze), moskovi,1925.

Tavi II

jvarze gakruli elva _ poetis lurji da

SemoRamebuli da dabinduli mTis, dangreuli, kuboSi Casvenebuli, gamqrali

faruli cis, daWrili Rrublis, dacemuli da damsxvreuli graalis koSkis,

59

damWknari, kuboSi moqceuli da gadaSenebuli iebis, elvisgan daRunuli dedofali

alvis, jvarze gakruli elvis, TovlSi dacemuli zambaxebis, udabnoSi moqceuli

mandilis, qarisgan gaZarculi atmis xis, Camqrali lampris, Catexili xidis,

gamqrali samoTxis, gauCinarebuli saunjis, ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebis, molebiani

beWdebis, gafiTrebuli iagundis, iagundis Camqrali Suqis, bacilebiani mTvaris,

uezoo saxlis, setyviT daRupuli venaxis, oxrad STenili Cardaxis, mgloviare

qnaris saxeebi _ mariam RvTismSoblis uaryofis macne.

galaktion tabiZem Seqmna mariam RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili ganumeorebeli

poeturi cikli da gaamravalferovna Cveni zeciuri dedis kanonikuri saxe-

simboloebi.

poetebis mefis SemoqmedebaSi RvTismSobeli figurirebs, rogorc mze, Tovlis

madona, ucxo madona, qalwuli Tovli,iisferi Tovli, vardisferi Tovli,lurji

fifqi, ucxo Sveneba, ucxo asuli, dedofali alva, Tasi,alis Tasi, ivlisisferi

yinvis Tasi, simarTlis Tasi, fiala, azarfeSa,cecxliani azarfeSa, sawmisi, maradi

Wiqa, sixaruli Wiqa, zambaxis princesa, princesa, mzis alublebiT savse mtevani,

Rrubeli feradi, wminda embazi, karavi, kidobani, kibe, xidi, mgloviareTa qnari,

beWedi, TeTri beWedi, dila, sisxami dila, dilis cimcim-kamkami, sarkmeli,

Caketili sarkmeli, klde, iagundi, mTa, mTvare, samoTxe, mSvenieri samoTxe, edemi,

uecari qalaqi, ca, zeca, uwindeli zeca,ezo, atmis xe, mandili (1, 182-193).

galaktionma Tavisi Tanamedrove RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis utyuari suraTi

mogvca da, bunebrivia, mariam RvTismSoblisadmi erTeul morwmuneTa mowiwebis

paralelurad daafiqsira pozicia satanisturi aTeistebisa, romlebic cecxliTa

da maxviliT ebrZodnen rwmenas, marTlmadideblur qristianobas, deda-Zes.

rogorc aRvniSneT,mariam RvTismSoblis erT-erTi kanonikuri saxelia mTa,

romelic momdinareobs daniel RvTismetyvelidan: “hxedevd, vidre ara gamokueTa

lodi mTisagan Tvinier xelTasa” (danieli, 2, 34) (2, 247).

bibliis komentatorebi mTis saxeSi mariams, xolo lodis simboloSi Ze RmerTs

xedaven...

galaktion tabiZis leqsSi “silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi” (3, 129) mTa

SemoRamebulia da eWvebi amgzavrebia mis irgvliv gaTenebas: “SemoiRamebs mTis

napralebi da Tu rogorme isev gaTenda, RamenaTevi da namTvralevi daRlil

qaliviT mival xatebTan”.

“Semodgomis dReSi” (4, 328-329) burusiT dafaruli mTa gvauwyebs uflis

dedisadmi upativcemlobas, grigaliT, SeSlilebis saxeebiT ki miTiTebulia epoqis

sabediswero tendenciaze da siSleged dasaxulia rwmenasTan brZola, rogorc

ugunurebad miiCneoda fsalmunSi uRmerToba: “Tqva ugunurma Tavis gulSi: “ar aris

RmerTi” (fs. 13, 1) (5, 533).

analogiur satkivars daRameba da “mTebis iara” SegvagrZnobinebs leqsSi “ra

RriancelSi vidoda gemi” (3, 250):`daRamda, nisli gadekra Saras, tyes daefara

Ramis blondebi, magram gaxedav mTebis iaras da usaTuod mogagondebi~.

leqsSi `viT afeTqeba~ saubaria maisis yinvaze, damWknar mdeloze, mkvdar

yvavilebze (yvavili qristes simboloa), usazRvro saRamosa, dabindebul mTasa da

60

`qenjnaze~: `... TiTqos usazRvro saRamoa da mTa binddeba, airevian qenjnis

kalTebi~ (3, 332).

sxvagan `mRelvare gazafxulze mosula Tovli, yinva, iyineba nakaduli da

gauCinarebula mTa: `... TeTr Tovlis qveS sizmrebs wahyva mTis grexili uxmo,

Sori... da mRelvare gazafxulze gaiyina nakaduli~ (TeTr Tovlis qveS) (6, 5).

galaktionis poeziaSi ingreva, uCinardeba, Savdeba zeca da esec

RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis niSania, radgan ca, zeca rogorc RmerTis, ise mariam

RvTismSoblis metaforaa (7, 125).

`Semodgomis fragmentSi~ (1916 w.) poeti gauognebia yvavilebis (RmerTis simboloa)

da cis (mariamis saxelia) gametebas: `... es yvavilebi, es ca, miTxariT, aravis

Tqvengans ar enaneba?~ (6, 190).

1923 wels wuxilis mizezi gamxdara is, rom mavanni, megobris niRbiT movlenilni,

yvavilTa cas (anu RmerTebis cas) acarielebdnen: `... yvavilTa cidan kalaTebs

clidnen, darialidan zaravda zara...~ (`mSobliuri efemera~).

leqsSi `dReTa gardasulTa~ (6, 119) nisliT dafarulia zeca, edemi da kldeze

dasamsxrevad ganwirulia rwmenis gemi: `... nisliT iyo daburuli Cemi zeca da

edemi da sal kldisken mimarTuli imsxvreoda rwmenis gemi~.

`...iRupeba rwmenis gemi!~ mTeli xmiT imeorebda poeti da TanamedroveT

afxizlebda mosalodnel sulier katastrofaze.

`daujdomlis~ mixedviT, mariami `eklesiis Seuryeveli godoli~, anu koSkia (8, 12).

`zRvis efemeraSi~ (1922 w.) Sexvedra gviwevs CaZiruli gemebis sasaflaosTan,

axmaurebul demonTa gundTan, dangreul Rrublebsa da dalewil casTan: `... gemTa

CaZirulTa yru sasaflao. aguguneba demonTa gundis, ngreva Rrublebis, dalewili

ca!~ (6, 926).

Rrublebi mariamis simboloa: `gixaroden, Rrubelo naTlisao~ (9, 200).

gemi rwmenis simboloa, caTa ca - RmerTebis savane.

uRmerTo qveyanaSi asparezze demonebi mkvidrdebian.

`mTebis iarasTan~ erTad, `Rrublis Wrilobis~ qveteqstSia saZiebeli faruli

azri: `... mTebs, irmebs, Svelebs, xevs da napralebs awuxebT Rrublis mZime

Wriloba~.

poetis ideali iyo `Rrubeli feradi, alva tanadi~ (`angelozs eWira grZeli

pergamenti~) (3, 132), Rrubeli mariamis, alva sicocxlis xis (RmerTis) simboloa.

napralebTan misuli xomaldi, `zecis ngreva da miwis gadaferdebaa~ faqti leqsSi

`meocnebe afrebiT~ (1921 w.) (6, 331), anu rwmenis uaryofas miwieri ukeTurobebi

mosdevs.

kuboSi Casvenebuli ca gvzaravs leqsSi `sikvdili mTvarisagan~: `daimsxvra sadRac

imedebi da xomaldebi, STainTqen maRal kuboebSi cis kideebi~ (6, 193).

leqsSi `sad dasasruli iyo~ (1915 w.) moCans mongreuli zeca, sisxliT mTvrali

loTi, ufskrulis mxeci: `TiTqo moingra zeca, sisxli, sicili loTis,

brWalebiani mxeci ufskrulebidan modis~.

ufskrulis mxeci da misi nairsaxeobani galaktionis poeziidan ioanes

apokalifsis mxecebis asociacias iwvevs.

bacilebiani mTvare, Savi mze, cxedrebi, xolera, xoleris bacilebiT savse niavi,

Savi aCrdili, yornis xma da gatexili vaza avlens avbediTi movlenebis arss

61

leqsSi `SiSi~ (1919 w.) da es mosalodneli represiebis winagrZnobas ukavSirdeba

(6, 283).

mzis Casvla, RrubelTa Soris piramidebis msxvreva, obloba, `ciurTa soflis~

saRamo gvagrZnobinebs epoqis tragedias: `mzis Casvla iyo, viT anarekli Zveli

didebis, RrubelTa Soris daimsxvra Zegli piramidebis. me mivdiodi nangrevebze

oblad Sens gamo, mwuxared qroda cierTa soflad Cveni saRamo~ (6, 200).

poets sjeroda, rom `aris sadRaca netari mxare, aris wminda ca SuqiT mgznebare~

(ave maria) (6, 56).

magram urwmunoTaTvis miuwvdomeli iyo maRali zeca da imsxvreoda suli:

`daimsxvra suli frqveuli camde, gaqra faruli cis sidiade~ (gamomecxade!) (6,

178).

urwmunoebis tragedias exeba `ra dros romanseroa?~ (3, 216).

ca gacrecili, mtvriani da usinaTloa, ara zecis, aramed miwis yvavils umRerian,

wyaro (saRmrTo saxelia) `valalebs~: `gacrecil da mtverian cas sinaTle hklebia,

yvavilebze mRerian, ra dros yvavilebia, wyaro xevSi valalebs, gahqra giJi

ocneba...~

`Semodgomis dReSi~ (3, 292) ca `bneli CrdilebiT~ ifareba.

mravlismetyvelia `gobelenis~ (3, 381) striqonebi: `Semodgomis ca ase damwvari,

uCinar alTa Wknobis dareviT~...

uRmerTo epoqaSi obolia nangrevebze mavali poeti, radgan waarTves zeciuri mama

(mzis Casvla).

zecawarTmeuli, RmerTwarTmeuli epoqis Svilis Tanamdevia `bneli cxedari~, `Savi

cecxli~ gaunelebeli dardi, sulis sikvdili, radgan tabu adevs RmerTis -

apokalifsis mxedris saxels: `geZebdi yvelgan, maxrCobda sicxe da mwvavda jvaris

mxurvale rkina. me yvelaferi gadaviviwye, ar aris zeca, ar aris bina... aris siCume,

bneli cxedari, mis tanze Savi cecxlis gaCena, apokalifsis mZafri mxedari vinc

qaosebSi SemoaWena (geZebdi yvelgan) (10, 45).

ca ar arsebobs, igi Savma yinvam dafara, dausjelad RmerTis siyvaruli

SeuZlebelia, mkacri dReebi ki Seucvlelia, aseTi logikiT manipulirebdnen

satanistebi: `me marwmunebdnen, foTlebi gaqra, ca ar arsebobs mRvrie Tu wminda,

raRac uniWo ocnebam dahkra da siSaveSi igi gayinda. me marwmunebdnen, rom ar

iqneba, Sen dausjelad giyvardes igi, marwmunebdnen, rom ar gardiqmneba mkacri

dReebis yofa da rigi~ (me marwmunebdnen) (3, 242).

1923 wels wuxilis mizezi iyo is, rom mavanni, megobris niRbiT movlenilni,

`yvavilTa cas~ (anu RmerTebis cas) acarielebdnen: `... yvavilTa cidan kalaTebs

clidnen, darialidan zaravda zara~... (`mSobliuri efemera~).

`amRvreuli tvinis~ moRvaweobis Sedegebis gamotirebaa striqonebi: `Rrublebi

hgvanan amRvreul tvinebs, cidan cremlebi modis CafebiT... dakargula gza

moxevesi, bneldeba, Rame, mieSveleniT (Rrublebi hgvanan amRvreul tvinebs) (6, 72).

damsxvreuli xomaldebis, dangreuli zecis satkivars galaktionis poeziaSi kidev

ufro amZafrebs mravalmniSvnelovani saxeebi dangreuli koSkebisa. aSkaraa, es

saxec religiuria da uRmerTo epoqis sibneleSi arsebobis saSinelebas

gvagrZnobinebs.

koSki bibliaSi RmerTis saxelia: `RmerTo... Zlieri koSki xar mtrisagan damcveli

(fs. 64, 4) (5, 584).

62

solomon mefis igavebSi figurirebs godoli: ùflis saxeli mtkice godolia~

(igavni solomonisa, 18, 10).

`daujdomlis~ mixedviT, mariam RvTismSobelia eklesiis godoli: `gixaroden,

eklesiisa Seuryevelo godolo~ (8, 12).

galaktionis poeziaSi gvxvdeba koSkTan dakavSirebuli TviTmyofadi saxeebi:

`koSkidan erTi naTobs sanTeli, xulSi koSki ar Sendeba, axla aRarc RmerTia,

ecemian koSvebi cisa da nestanisa, graalis koSkebi, lidiis samreklo Sens fexqveS

daimsxvra da glova momesma, koSkebs sizmareTisas nisli gadaecala, ingreva koSki

siyvaruliT aSenebuli~.

vfiqrobT, koSki poetebis mefis SemoqmedebaSi xSirad mariam RvTismSoblis

saxelia da igi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, dangreuli saxiT figurirebs.

leqsSi `rac ar yofila, aris~ (1928 w.) koSkis gamqral didebasa da vaebazea

saubari: `gamqral didebis naTels koSki iburavs Zveli da mTel vaebas aTevs~.

gamqrali naTeli uflis da misi dedis uaryofis faqts SegvagrZnobinebs.

es mSobliuri qaria (1921 w.) gvamcnobs, rom àimarTnen koSkebi cisa da nestanisa~.

es iyo warsulSi. awmyoSi ki ècemian koSkebi cisa da nestanisa~ (6, 337).

ca, anu caTa ca uflis samyofelia, `cis koSki~ ki SeiZleba mxolod mariami iyos.

misi dacema urwmuno epoqis upirvelesi maxasiaTebelia.

uRmerTo epoqaSi arc koSki (mariami) arsebobs sulSi da aseT dros cxovrebis

azri ekargeba, anu yvelaferi sulerTi xdeba, rogorc gvauwyebs leqsi `tfiliss

sZinavs mZime ZiliT~: `... sulSi koSki ar Sendeba, axla aRarc RmerTia, saca aris

gaTendeba, yvelaferi erTia~.

leqsSi àngelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti~ (1917 w.) `graalis koSkebi, zmanebaT

samreklo Sens fexqveS daimsxvra da ngreva momesma~.

graali mariamis simboloa: `graali ganasaxierebs mTvariseul maradqalur sawyiss,

sofias, RvTismSobels~ (11, 181).

damsxvreuli graalis koSkis saxis adresatia RvTismSobeli.

vfiqrobT, ubedurebis momtani sisxliani revolucionerebis ngreviTi saqmianobis

mxilebaa leqsi `koSki~ (3, 72) mas msWvalavs avbediTi momavlis saSineli

winaTgrZnoba.

leqsis pirvelive strofi ngrevis Semzaravi suraTiT iwyeba: ìngreva koSki

saukuniT aSenebuli!~.

galaktionis `koSki siyvaruliT aSenebulia~. siyvaruli ki qristianuli RmerTis

saxelia: `RmerTi siyvarulia (kaTilike epistoleni ioanesi, I, T. 4,8) (5, 320).

RmerTi `diadi siyvarulia~ netari avgustines aRsarebaSi (12, 390). leqsSi am

ngrevis reJisoria `saxe gamxdari, geslianad gacinebuli~ satana, romelic

saxeldebulia, rogorc `SiSis landi uzarmazari~. igi koSkis `ZvelisZvel

foliantze~ sabediswero ganaCens awers.

gvaxsendeba mefe balTazaris lxini danielis winaswarmetyvelebaSi, roca

kedelTan gamoCenilma xelma sami sabediswero sityvis daweriT mianiSna babilonis

samefos aRsasrulsa da balTazaris sikvdilze, rac imave saRamos axda kidec

(danieli, 5, 1-30) (2, 252-253).

galaktionis leqsSi poets aitans JrJola, radgan sanTlebi qreba, sibneleSi amaoa

zeciuri dedisa da mamis saxelebis moxmoba, leqsis bolos asruldeba

63

`daJinebuli winagrZnoba~ da `yru ryeviT, xmaurobiT, grgvinva-grialiT daeca

koSki, siyvaruliT aSenebuli!~.

`koSki~ mariam RvTismSoblisa da qristianuli RmerTis uaryofas afiqsirebs, rac

daRamebas, ngrevas moaswavebs rogorc sulier, ise materialur sferoSi.

jer kidev 1916 w. Caswvda galaktioni revoluciis mRvrie dinebis arss, totalur

ganadgurebas, rac moxdeboda rogorc materialur faseulobaTa (ingreoda

eklesia-monastrebi) mimarT, ise sulierebis (cinizmis da devnis sagani xdeboda

rwmena) aspeqtSi.

vaJa-fSavelas `moCvenebaSi~ (13,404-407) gvxvdeba `dangreuli darbazebi~,

Tavmongreuli koSkebi, alis, qajis cinikuri xiTxiTi yvelafris amaoebaze, magram

Semdeg `dauvali mzis~ (RmerTis) gamonaTeba rwmenis uZlevelobis dasturia.

mixeil javaxiSvilis `qalis tvirTSi~ koSkis damangreveli, gedis gamanadgurebeli

Zalaa Savi urCxuli, koSkTan dapirispirebuli wiTeli gveleSapi moaswavebs

antiqristes movlinebas (14,187-189), romelic miznad daisaxavs siwmindis,

sulierebis, koSkis (mariamis) uaryofas.

am ubedurebis diriJorebi iyvnen apokalifsSi miniSnebuli zRvis da miwis mxecebi,

romelTa adresatebad bibliis komentarebi lenins da stalins miiCneven. maT

Zalaufleba gveSapisgan miiRes. apokalifsSi miniSnebulia maTi damarcxebac.

dangreuli koSkebis, dacemuli svetebis reqviemia galaktionis poezia, amasTan,

isev uzenaesisken mibrunebis, ganwmendis, waqceuli svetebis kvlav amarTvis

ganWvreta.

ia-vardTa saxeebi ramdenime leqsSi galaktionma urwmunoebis, mariam RvTismSoblis

uaryofis saCveneblad gamoiyena.

`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ (3, 129), poetis morwmunoebas xazs usvams iisa da

cvris simboluri saxeebiT: `... Cemi Tvalebi winaT ram feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT,

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi savsea cremlTa SurisZiebiT~.

ia mariamze migvaniSnebs. vaxtang VI poema `satrfialonis~ mixedviT mariami

warmoCndeba, rogorc ubiwoebiT Semkuli ia~ (15, 45).

cvari qristes metaforaa: `viqnebi cvari israelisTvis, ayvavdeba, rogorc SroSani

da limoniviT gaidgas fesvebs~ (osia winaswarmetyveli, 14, 3) (2, 273).

magram urwmuno epoqaSi sulis ia ianvris TovliT damWknara: `ianvris Tovli,

ianvris Tovli aWknobs Cems sulSi naadrev iebs~ (samreklo udabnoSi) (4, 837).

aqve wuxilis mizezia `SiSveli, TeTri yvavili~ (damdablebuli qristes rwmena).

leqsSi saubaria dafarul codvebze, damalul Ralatze, TeTr beWdebis Tvlebsa

da gauneleben wuxilze.

`pirimzeSi~ (3, 406) kuboSia ia (rogorc ca).

qristianul saTnoebas iis da wylis saxeebis gamoyenebiT ase originalurad

warmoaCens poeti: `bevrs ar ZaluZs, mters ki mudam iis wyali unda usxa~.

ia mariamis, wyali – qristes simboloa.

sxvagan Zalmomreobisa da humanuri moralis dapirispireba xanjlisa da iis

saxeebiT aris naCvenebi: `xanjlebs davfarav isev iebiT, me mters imave xmiT

vemuqrebi, rom mova CemTan monaniebiT~Y(dReTa karebTan) (4, 132).

Tu warsulSi Tovda `Tovli ia – zambaxis, poetis Tanamedrove epoqam maTi xseneba

akrZala (avdris molodini).

64

galaktioni, sxva qarTvel poetebTan erTad, Cveni zeciuri dedis `Zmobili~ iyo da

misTvis eZebda ganumeorebel ìisfer sityvebs~. RvTismSoblis sidiadiT aRwevda

poeti ganaxlebas da ukvdavyofda axleburad: `suli eZaxis im uCinar tyves, visac

sizmrebSi uxsnian bages, iisTvis eZebs iisfer sityvebs da cisfer sityviT eZebs

ciagebs~ (gzaSi) (3, 87).

rogorc bibliaSi da sasuliero poeziaSi, galaktionTan mariami aris dedofali,

`dedofali alva~, romelic daumdablebia, dauRunavs urwmuno epoqas: `da

dedofali alva elvam daRuna civma, ase movida gvalva, ase movida wvima (saRamo).

mariami aris princesa (verxvebi), zambaxis princesa, romelsac gamudmebiT daeZebs

poeti: `me TvaliT veZebdi zambaxis princesas, mwyuroda cisferi vardebi~ (es iyo

15 wlis winaT).

mariam RvTismSobeli galaktions warmoudgenia zambaxis saxeSi, romelic

mefistofelis xanam TovlSi moaqcia: `... mwuxare grZnoba qrolvis, mimavlis da

zambaxebis wyebad dawvena~. (Tovli) (3, 73).

mariami aris `mandili~, ùvrcelesi safarveli~ (8, 66-75) drom mas avbediTi

Tebervali ganumzada: `... da TamaSSi mandilis qrian Tebervalebi~.

mandili udabnoSia (udabno urwmunoebaa) gauCinarebuli (Tovli).

TviT poeti arasodes wyvetda kavSirs `mandilis~ saxeSi moazrebul

RvTismSobelTan: `... mandili Cans isev im mandilada~ (dRes maisi) (5, 369).

mariami poetma moiazra àtmis xeSi~ da gviCvena avi qarisagan gaZarculi,

yvavilebgaclili ideali (atmis yvavilebi) (3, 65).

`daujdomlis~ mixedviT, mariami aris `xe nayofelvare~ (8, 11).

adre atmis xe Taiguls hgavda, ùcxo mxaris dedoflis~ sidiade amSvenebda, mzis

ZaliT da namiT iyo aRWurvili (dedofali - mariami).

magram Rmerismgmobelma epoqam gaZarcva misi mSveniereba da mzis Casvlis,

dabnelebis saSinelebas aziara.

mariami aris `lampari dauvalisa naTlisa~ (8, 12).

urwmuno epoqaSi mariamis uaryofa galaktionma Camqrali lampris saxeSi

warmoadgina: `ganelda cecxli, Caqra lampari, sagazafxulo aliT nTebuli~

(acivda) (3, 580).

mariamis simboloa xidi: `gixaroden, xido wiaRmyuanebelo queyanisaTao cad

mimarT~ (daujdomeli yovladwminda RvTismSobelisa) (8, 9).

galaktionis leqsSi `Tbilisi~: àTovs xidebs, aTovs madaTovs, aTovs zmanebebs da

mwuxarebs~.

totalitarizmis, urwmunoebis batonobis Jams poets eWvi uCndeboda, rom Catexili

xidi arasodes gamTliandeboda: `raoden fiqrs da ocnebas itev, samudamod

Catexilo xidev. ar iqneba, rom gamTelde kidev, samudamod Catexilo xidev.

daisvene, Tuki baliSs midev, samudamod Catexilo xidev~ (raoden fiqrs da ocnebas

itev) (11, 736).

`daujdomlis~ mixedviT mariami aris èlva sulTa ganmanaTlebeli~ (8, 12).

galaktionis leqsSi `saRamo~ urCi, urwmuno axalgazrdoba Telavs vardebs, elva

(mariami) jvarze gakrulia: `jvarze gakruli elva – es Cemi daa lurji, lurj

yvavilebis Telva, axalgazrdoba urCi~ (4, 14)

aqve Zels (jvars) razas, anu tabus adebs `SemoRamebis celi~, urwmunoeba.

65

mariamis metaforuli saxelia saunje: `gixaroden, saunjeo cxovrebisao

daulevnelo~ (daujdomeli yovladwmindisa RvTismSobelisa) (8, 12).

leqsSi `918~ galaktioni Sefarulad gvamcnobs, Tu rogor acda `qarSi liandags

matarebeli~, anu rogor iqna uaryofili qarTuli mravalsaukunovani gza,

tradiciebi, erovnuli triada: ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba. masSi naTqvamia: `TiTqos

sadRaca gaqra saunje da SeRamebam iTandaTana~...

mariami `yvavilebis qalia~ - romelic xedavs Camqral als, `tiris dakargul

rwmenas da ebindeba Tvali...~ (yvavilebis qali).

`rogor SeviZloT uRvTismSobloba, viT avitanoT umadonoba?~ - mTeli

progresuli eris sawuxars gamoxatavs galaktioni am striqonebiT (Tu brZola ar

aris).

`Cemi Tvalebi, winaT rom feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT~ - nostalgiaa qristianul

epoqaze, radgan cvari qristes, ia - mariamis simboloa.

poets mainc Cveni zeciuri deda esizmreboda, mas ar Sordeboda `RvTismSoblis

cqera savse qarTuli patiosnebiT~.

mariamis simboloa edemi, samoTxe: `gixaroden romlisa mier ganeRo samoTxe~

(daujdomeli yovladwmindisa RvTismSoblisa) (8, 11).

`dabmul WinkaSi~ `lurji edemi qarma daburda~ (4, 388).

`Suqmiuval dReebSi~ `mware dReebSi~, (Suqi Ze RmerTis saxelia) `gadalekilan,

waSlilan am qveynis samoTxeebi~, magram poets sjeroda maTi kvlav movlineba

(yofila mware dReebi) (5, 178).

yinulis gadnobis unaris mqone poetis guli iswrafoda mxarisken, romels

`saocnebo hqonia edemi~ (SexedeT, miwa!) (5, 232).

galaktionis Semoqmedebas amSvenebda didi dRe (mamaRmerTis simbolo), saamo dRe

(Ze RmerTi), patiosneba da `qveynieri samoTxe~ (mariami): `viT gSvenis patiosneba, es

didi, es saamo dRe, mSveniero ocneba, o, qveyniuro samoTxe!~ (8, 414).

galaktions epyra `cecxlis Tasi~ (cecxli qristes, Tasi mariamis simboloa),

cecxliani azarfeSa (cecxli qristes, azarfeSa mariams miemarTeba), alis Tasi

(ali, cecxli qristes, Tasi mariamis simboloa), sixarulis Wiqa (sixaruli

qristes, Wiqa mariamis metaforaa), magram aTeisturma epoqam gayina ca, gayina guli,

gayina mxedari, gayina Tasi. leqsSi `alvebi TovlSi~ Tovliania alva (sicocxlis

xe), gayinulia Tasi (mariamis uaryofaze mimaniSnebeli saxea), gayinulia ivlisSi,

amitom uaryofili mariamis saxed gvecxadeba enigma `ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebi~

(ix. qvemoT).

beWedi, zecis beWedi moiazreba mariamis simbolod (7, 821).

beWedsac wuxili ukavSirdeba galaktionis poeziaSi, radgan beWedi-mariami

pativdakarguli, Saravandedisgan gaZarculia sisxliani tiranebisgan.

leqsSi `samreklo udabnoSi~ poetis wuxilis sagania ianvris TovliT damWknari

iebi, codvili xelebi. dafaruli Ralati, SiSveli yvavili, TeTri beWdebis

Tvlebi... (3, 40).

TeTri beWedi mariamis, Tvalebi-qristes metaforaa.

`dominoSi~ (3, 115-116) motexilia zafxuli (zafxuli saRmrTo saxelia),

`daCrdilulia beWedi~, `beWdis TvalSi molebi~ moCans.

66

leqsSi `grZneuli~ moxucis wamlebi da Selocva, ùwindeli cis~ (ca mariamis

simboloa) Zieba da ukankelo saydari SegvagrZnobinebs rwmenis Seryvnas, xolo

`molebi~ grZneulebis saSualebaa.

mxolod bolos gamoCndeba didi Ziebis Semdeg WeSmariti sasaxle, aRimarTeba

kankeli da dominos movlineba agvirgvinebs molodinis axdenas. domino ki

cxaddeba, rogorc qristes mebaRe. (ix. Semdgom).

galaktions aqvs aseTi mowodeba: `... CavuSvaT Rvinis siankareSi Cveni beWdebi~...

(`puSkini parizSi~) (6, 55).

vfiqrobT, aq Rvino qristes simboloa da es saxe momdinarobs esaia

winaswarmetyvelidan: `gaumarTavs cabaoT ufali yvela xalxs am mTaze nadims

msuye kerZebiT, nadims Zveli RviniT, Zveli, dawmendili RviniT (esaia, 25, 61) (2, 91).

beWedi mariamis xatebaa.

Rvinis siankareSi beWdis CaSveba zeciuri dedis gziT Ze RmerTTan ziarebas unda

niSnavdes.

galaktioni arasodes wyvetda kavSirs uzenaes ZalebTan. igi beWeds vardebis

cvarTanac moiazrebda: `... TiTqos beWdebze dageyreba vardebis cvari da

surneleebiT aivseba Seni locvani~ (saRamov, vici).

Cvenis azriT, beWedi maramis, vardi qristes, cvari qristianuli moZRvrebis

simboloa.

mTvare moiazreba RvTismSoblis saxed (7, 124).

poema `mSvidobis wigni~ saqarTvelos erovnul-sarwmunoebriv kataklizmebs

warmoaCens simbolur-alegoriuli saxeebiT. masSi ikargeba mSvidobis wigni

(RmerTi), qajis (imperiuli ruseTis alegoriaa) mcdelobiT igeba maxe, ixlarTeba

bade, imRvreva wyaro (wyaro RmerTis saxelia), xdeba warRvnismsgavsi stiqiebis

movlineba, baRis ganadgureba (baRi xalxis metaforaa), gabatondeba satana,

kunapeti Rame, mze uCinardeba, gadaSendeba vardi da ia, iqmneba aryofnis

saSiSroeba da àrc mTvare aris, arc varskvlavebi~ (16, 263).

poetis gulSi, miuxedavad rwmenis saxelmwifoebriv doneze devnisa, mainc enTo

rwmenis cecxli, uzenaesis, Ze RmerTisa da zeciuri dedis TayvaniscemaSi: `Cems

gulSi veZeb varskvlavebs, mTvares, megobrebs, satrfos eSxiT mRelvares~ (Cems

gulSi).

bibliaSi, sasuliero, poeziaSi wminda mariami warmoidgineba, rogorc ezo (17, 60).

galaktionis àvdarSi~ (3, 119) uezoo saxli da uewro Cardaxi migvaniSnebs

RvTismSoblis ignorirebas: `... da ganaTdeba uecrad gaoxrebuli partaxi, uezod

da uewrod STenili oqris Cardaxi~.

Cardaxi, kibec mariamis saxea (`kibev zecisao~ 8, 9).

xvagan ki dro glovobs uezoo saxls da ucecxlo keras: `da stirodi droo,

rogorc bediswera, saxli uezoo da ucecxlo kera~...

ezo mariamis, cecxli qristes metaforaa.

leqsSi àr Rirs erT cremlad~ (3, 248) dausrulebeli setyviT daRupuli

yvavilebi da venaxebi gvagrZnobinebs deda-Zis ignorirebas, radgan yvavili qristes,

venaxi mariamis maxasiaTebelia. mariami aris `vazi morCisa dauWknobelisa~ (8, 9).

ùamindobis~ miuxedavad, poeti `kidobnis~ TanxlebiT cxovrobda: `datvirTuli

mraval uamindobiT, kidev didxans viqanaveb kidobniT~ (meocnebe afrebiT).

67

religiur saxismetyvelebaSi kidobani mariams miemarTeba: `gixaroden, kidobano,

oqrovanqmnulo sulTa~ (daujdomeli yovladwmindisa RvTismSoblisa 8, 12).

aseve, galaktionisTvis mudam maxlobeli iyo `wminda embazi~ (mariami): `... damrCes

es saidumlo, rogorc wminda embazi~ (efemera).

embazi mariams miemarTeba: `gixaroden, embazisa mhsgavsebisa gamomxatvelo~ (9, 12).

qalaqi, zeciuri qalaqi, `RvTis qalaqi~ mariamis saxea (7, 104).

aTeistur epoqaSi galaktionma miznad daisaxa ùecari qalaqis~ - anu

RvTismSoblis rwmenis aRdgena, misi mizani iyo ara `xelovnuri~ quCisa da qvis

simZimiT savse qalaqis, aramed `RvTis qalaqis~ - mariamis rwmenis, siyvarulis

qadageba: `... ram mozmanebuls hgavdes samyaros da uecari aRdges qalaqi~ (uecari

qalaqi) (3, 328).

poets esizmreboda `wminda, Sori qveyana~. saTnoebiT aRsavse TvalTa cqera,

angelozTa ciuri nana (me mesizmreba) (4, 125).

qveyanac saRvTismSoblo saxelia. mariami aris ukvdavi nayofis qveyana: `gixaroden,

queyanao ukudavisa nayofisao~ (daujdomeli yovladwmindisa RvTismSoblisa) (8, 10).

`dujdomlis~ mixedviT, mariami aris `qnari sityvierTa cxovarTa~ (8, 10).

galaktionis leqsSi `mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi~ - mariami warmogvidgeba,

rogorc iesos jvarcmis mayurebeli da igi mwuxarea, `mgloviare qnaria~...

mariami warmodgineba, rogorc `kibe zecisa, romlisa mier gardamoxda RmerTi~ (8,

9).

galaktioni wuxda òxrad STenili oqros Cardaxis~ beds (avdari) (3, 119), TviTon

ki gamudmebiT ùmSvenieres kibeze~ idga da am kibiT iyo `Rrma sibrZniT

Tvalanaxeli~ (umSvenieres kibeze) (5, 209).

mariami xom `sibrZnisa RmrTisa savanea~ (8, 11).

mariam RvTismSoblis simboloa iagundi (7, 124).

galaktionis leqsSi `dRe gafiTrda iagundis~ (1919 w.) figurirebs ìagundis dRe~:

`dRe gafiTrda iagundis, dgas Rrublebis jgufebi, ragind didi guli gqondes,

mainc daiRupebi~.

vfiqrobT, ìagundi~ mariamis, xolo dRe qristes simboloa (8, 122). (Sdr. d.

guramiSvili: `vikargvi bneli RamiTa, dRev, rad ar momiZiebo~).

galaktionis leqsSi uRmerTo adamianis sulis daRupvazea aqcenti.

sxvagan ìagundsa~ da mis Camqral Suqze modis maxvili: `Suqi ar inTeba Camqral

iagundis~ (Sen da Semodgoma) (3, 180). uSuqo-bnel RameSi belzebeli TareSobs.

leqsi dawerilia 1921 wels.

iagundis Suqis Caqrobis CvenebiT uRmerTobis faqtze xdeba xazgasma.

Suqi RmerTis saxelia: ùfali Cemi Suqi aris da xsnaa Cemi – vis SevuSinde?~ (fs.

26/27, 1) (5, 547).

Ze RmerTi aris `sicocxlis Suqi` (55) (56, 14) (5, 580).

galaktionis leqsi asaxavs RmerTisuarmyofel epoqas, roca urwmunoebiT

iRupebodnen adamianebi.

aseve, poetebis mefesTan mariamia adresati saxisa – kidobani: `datvirTuli mraval

uamindobiT, kidev didxans viqanaveb kidobniT~ (`meocnebe afrebiT~).

kidobani mariamis simbolod dafiqsirebulia bibliaSi, `dujdomelSi~, sasuliero

poeziaSi.

mTa, poxili mTa aseve mariamze mimaniSnebeli saxea danielis winaswametyvelebidan.

68

galaktionis `silaJvardeSi~ gaelvebuli `SemoRamebuli mTa~ RmerTisuarmyofeli

epoqis mariamia, romelsac ver xedaven gondabindulni.

mariamis simboloa mTvare.

galaktionis leqsSi... alva mTvares mwvervalebs uxris. alva sicocxlis xis -

qristes simboloa, mTvare mariamisa.

sasuliero mwerlobaSi, mariamis metaforad moiazreba `nayofelvare xe~,

(yvavilgadafenili xe) (7, 124).

vfiqrobT, galaktion tabiZis atmis xe – mariamis, xolo misi yvavili qristes

simboloa (ix. amaze Cveni `atmis yvavilebis~ cikli).

aseve, mariamTan mimarTebaSi ixmareba samoTxe.

galaktioni ase gamoxatavs Tavisi poeziis religiurobas simbolur-metaforuli

saxeebiT: `viT gSvenis patiosneba, es didi, es saamo dRe, o, qveyniuro ocneba, o,

mSveniero samoTxe!~.

`didi dRe~ mamaRmerTia, `mSvenieri samoTxe~ - mariami.

zemoTganxiluli magaliTebidan naTelia, rogor SemoqmedebiTad mimarTavda

galaktioni Cveni zeciuri dedis kanonikur saxeebs, rogor amravalferovnebda maT.

asaxavda ra deda-Zis uarmyofeli aTeisturi epoqis tragediebs, poeti kavSirs

arasodes wyvetda uzenaes sawyisebTan da satanuri Zalebis tyveobaSi moqceul,

dabneul ers taZrisken saval gzas uCvenebda.

literatura:

1. luara sordia, qristianuli saxismetyvelebis sakiTxebi meoce saukunis

qarTul poeziaSi, Tb. 2009

2. biblia or wignad, wigni II

3. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani or wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1988

4. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli, Tb. 1977

5. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, 1992

6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. I, Tb. 1993

7. tite mosia, saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1996

8. daujdomeli yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa, sapatriarqos uwyebani, #12, 3-9

aprili, 2009 w.

9. sinuri mravalTavi, a. SaniZis redaqciiT, winasityvaobiT da gamokvleviT, Tb.

1959


11. zviad gamsaxurdia, `vefxistyaosnis~ saxismetyveleba, Tb. 1991

12. aRsareba netari avgustines, hiponis episkoposisa, saqarTvelos eklesiis

kalendari, Tb. 1985

13. vaJa-fSavela, Txzulebani, Tb. 1986

14. mixeil javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 6 tomad, t. 5, Tb. 1961

15. vaxtang VI, leqsebi da poemebi, Tb., 1975

16. galaktion tabiZe, Txzuleba 12 tomad, t. 11, Tb. 1973

69

17. tite mosia, saRvTo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1995

„koSki“

galaktion tabiZes bedma daakisra yofiliyo „epoqis gedi“. „aTasis mxedvelobiT“,

„asi aTasis smeniT“ momadlebul poets unda SeeniSna, moesmina ara mxolod

Cveulebriv mokvdavze gacilebiT meti, aramed unda egrZno jer kidev

gaumJRavnebeli, potenciaSi arsebuli muxti da, marTlac, adreuli leqsebidanve

gvaocebda naTelxilvisa da naTelsmenis fenomenebiT.

„am wignSi mTeli saukunis vipove bina“, _ TviTSecnobili geniis safuZvliani

ganacxadia.

galaktionma 1959 wlamde icxovra mxolod, magram utyuari intuiciiT

gaalebuli suliT igrZno ara marto is, rac moxdeboda mis sicocxleSi, aramed

mTeli naxevari saukuniT (an iqneb metiTac) gauswro movlenebs da erovnuli

tragediebi, „msoflio ngrevebi“, momavlis kataklizmebi iwinaswarmetyvela, uflis

„didi dRis“ dadgomas miawvdina mzera.

saRvTo sibrZnis ZiebiT, igavuri, simboluri metyvelebiT galaktionis poezia

bibliur winaswarmetyvelTa naazrevs uaxlovdeba.

jer kidev Seuswavlelia Canafiqri misi „feeriuli qalaqis, feeriuli yinvis,

feeriuli akidos, fantazmebis, efemerebis;Tvalsawieri da masStabebi kosmiuri

sicivis, msoflio bagis, msoflio ngrevis, msoflio sxivis.

galaktionis „koSki“ erT–erTi im SedevrTagania, dReniadag rom izidavs eris

sazrisze dafiqrebul, gonsmogebul qarTvels.

leqsi 1916 wels daiwera. am dros galaktioni ukve iyo Tavisi gaxmaurebuli

pirveli krebulis avtori, mravali SedevriT mdidari.

cnobilia, rom is Ziebas „bgera–bgera, sagan–sagan“ iwyebda, erTeulidan

zogadisken, lokaluridan globalurisken miiswrafoda. rac mTavaria, emyareboda

uRrmes saRvTo sibrZnes da yovel wyaros araTu ZirisZirSi icnobda, TviT

Sehqonda tradiciebSi ganumeorebeli xibli, gvajadoebda azrisa Tu musikis

saswaulebiT. „saerTo“ da „saTvistomo omSi“ Cabmuli poeti erovnulTan erTad

„msoflios gamoucnobi wylulebis“ wamalsac eZebda.

„koSkis“ analizisas, vfiqrobT, amosavali unda iyos galaktionis umTavresi

esTetikuri principi – saxe - sityvaTa mravalmniSvnelovanebis principi, interesi

rogorc realuri, empiriuli samyarosadmi, amasTan “feeriuli“, „fantazmebiT

mosili“ xilvebisadmi, simboluri, dafaruli Sifris matarebeli saxeebisadmi.

iseve rogorc mravali saxe, koSkic mravalganzomilebiania galaktionis

SemoqmedebaSi, usazRvro SesaZleblobebi vlindeba am cnebis originalur, axal-

axal konteqstebSi gaazrebisa.

cnobilia isic, Tu ra mWidro kavSiri aqvs galaktions Zvel da axal

aRTqmasTan, sasuliero poeziasa da RvTismetyvelTa naazrevTan.

70

sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, „koSki aris igive godoli, anu godoli

aris koSki maRali. koSki ki wvrili da maRali cixea“ (leqsikoni qarTuli, 1, 1991w.

gv. 164).

es saxe arsebobas iwyebs „fsalmunSi“: „RmerTo... Zlieri koSki xar mtrisagan

damcveli“ (fs. 61,4).

godoli figurirebs solomon mefis igavebSi: „uflis saxeli mtkice godolia“

(igavni solomonisa, 18;10).

simboluri koSkisa da godlis saxis axsnas vipoviT profesor tite mosias

„saRvTismSoblo saxismetyvelebaSi (gv. 79): „wminda qalwuli, daujdomlis

Tanaxmad, eklesiis Seuryevel godlad anu uZlevel koSkad warmogvidgeba:

“gixaroden, eklesiisa Seuryevelo godolo“. amis kvaldakval daviT guramiSvilic

wers mesiis dedaze: „daurRvevelo zRudeo, godolo Seuryevelo“ („daviTiani, gv.

79).

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi moiZieba koSkTan dakavSirebuli TviTmyofadi

saxeebi: „koSkidan erTi naTobs sanTeli, sulSi koSki ar Sendeba, axla aRarc

RmerTia, ecemian koSkebi cisa da nestanisa, graalis koSkebi, lidiis samreklo

Sens fexqveS daimsxvra da glova momesma, koSkebs sizmareTisas nisli gadaecala...

koSki zogjer realisturi Sinaarsisaa („Telavis gaZarculi cixe-koSkebi“ leqsSi

“mivdiodi alaznis velad“), xSirad simboluria da miemarTeba poezias

(„sizmareTis koSkebi“, „efemeraSi“). zog leqsSi ki religiuri Sinaarsis

matarebulia. aseTia „koSkebi Zvelad nageb–naSeni“leqsSi „sanTeli“, romelSic

poets eZneleba koSkebTan ganSoreba, xolo droSasaviT maRla aweuli sanTeli

qristes gulisxmobs, vinaidan qriste „sanTelia naTlisa“ („nevmirebuli Zlispirni,

gv. 323, t. mosias wignidan „saRvTo saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1995w., gv. 92).

aTeisturi epoqisaTvis gaucxoebuli „Zveli koSki“ simboloa mariamisa leqsSi

„rac ar yofila–aris“: „gamqral didebis naTels koSki iburavs Zveli da mTel

vaebas aTevs“. leqsi dawerilia 1928 wels.

„ucnaur sasaxleSi“ (1919w.) koSki dRis amalas warmoadgens, dRe ki saRmrTo

saxelia. poeti mistiris „aConCxil Senobas, mSvenier Senobas“. „aConCxili“, albaT,

Sinaarsgaclils gulisxmobs: „aConCxilo Senoba, mSveniero Senoba, momklavs me

uSenoba!“

leqsis„koSki“ mariams gulisxmobs, dRe ki qristes. „sasuliero mwerlobaSi

qristes saxelad moiazreba dRec... „vikargvi bnelis RamiTa, dRev, rad ar

momiZiebo“, – „daviTiani“ (t. mosia, „saRvTo saxismetyveleba“, gv. 27).

dasawyisi leqsisa – „es mSoblikri qaria“ – gvamcnobs, rom „aimarTnen koSkebi

cisa da nestanisa“. Semdeg ki irkveva, rom “ecemian koSkebi cisa da nestanisa“.

mariamis simboluri saxelebia“ cis saydari, cis dedofali, zecis sZali“

(t.mosia,„saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba“, gv. 124).

galaktionis poeziaSi mariams ewodeba „cis koSki“.

deda–Zis uaryofili xateba SemogvanaTebs leqsidan „tfiliss sZinavs mZime

ZiliT“: „sulSi koSki ar Sendeba, exla aRarc RmerTia, saca aris gaTendeba,

yvelaferi erTia!“

mariamis uaryofas migvaniSnebs damsxvreuli graalis koSkebi leqsSi „angelozs

eWira grZeli pergamenti“.

71

graali miiCneva mariamis simbolod: „graali ganasaxierebs mTvariseul

maradqalur sawyiss, sofias, RvTismSobels“ (z. gamsaxurdia,“ „vefxistyaosnis“

saxismetyveleba, gv. 181).

sxvagan „koSkidan erTi naTobs sanTeli“(„damSviddi qaro“) an „mitovebuli

koSki... stiris“...

poeziis simboloa „sizmareTis koSkebi“ „efemeraSi“, koSki Cemi maRali“ leqsSi

„sanam ar damsxvreulan“, sulis koSki poemaSi „akaki wereTeli“.

gvxvdeba Sromis koSki, kremlisa Tu eifelis koSki, mZlavri koSkebi did

qalaqebis „gadaxril naminanqrevebs“ rom gvagoneben.

mariamis simbolod galaktionis poeziaSi dafiqsirebulia Tasi, kibe, kidobani,

xidi, Wiqa, azarfeSa, yvavili. koSkic umetes SemTxvevaSi mariamis adresatia.

poets win uZRoda umdidresi tradiciebi. himnografiaSi mariam RvTismSobeli

moxsenebulia, rogorc „godoli sanatreli“ (n. gulaberiZe, galobani suatisa

cxovelisani“, „Cveni saunje“, t. I, 1960w. gv. 538).

„areopagitul krebulSi“ petre iberi iwodeba, rogorc „godoli uZravi“ (gv.184).

ioane minCxis „sulis godolTan“ dapirispirebulia saSineli gansacdelis qari:

„ekueTnes qarni igi saSineli gansacdelTani godolsa sulisa“ („qarTuli poezia“,

I, 1979w. gv. 65).

galaktioni SemoqmedebiTad iTavisebs tradicias da winaparTa sulis godols

(koSki) bevr leqsSi religiuri gagebiT mimarTavs, rogorc mariam RvTismSoblis

simbolos.

gasaTvaliswnebelia isic, rom poeti RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis ganumeorebel

konturebs qmnis. gamxmari, daSxamuli, gaTelili, dawyvetili vardebi, damsxvreuli

rwmenis gemi, CaZiruli gemebi, gardacvlili, Camqrali, qimerebSi Cavardnili mze,

amRvreuli da damSrali wyaro... qristes uaryofaze migvaniSnebs; gayinuli,

dakarguli, dangreuli zeca da samoTxe (ca da samoTxe mariamis simboloebia).

dabindebuli da Tovlis qveS gauCinarebuli mTa (danielis mTas, sacnaur da

poxil mTas mariamis simbolod miiCneven bibliis komentatorebi), gaZarculi atmis

yvavili, damsxvreuli graalis koSkebi RvTismSoblisadmi gulgrilobis

gamomxatveli saxeebia.

deda-Zis dagmobis tendencia gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda Cveni saukunis 20-ian

wlebSi. cnobilia, al. abaSelis mariamisadmi miZRvnil leqss – „ciuro dedav,

agvipyria Sensken xelebi, tanjvis wuTebSi dakbenili mtkivan TvalebiT“ – ra

ironia Seageba proletaruli, udReuri mwerlobis naficma kritikosma benito

buaCiZem, romelmac zemoxsenebul striqonebs „monazvnuri bodva“da

„aRmaSfoTebeli“ uwoda (ix. a. nikoleiSvili, „qarTuli mwerloba ocian wlebSi“,

wignSi „meoce saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriis narkvevebi, 1,quTaisi,

1994w.)

ubedurebis momtani sisxliani revolucionerebis ngreviTi saqmianoba vlindeba

galaktionis leqsSi „koSki“. mas msWvalavs avbediTi momavlis saSineli

winagrZnoba da poets ganaCeni gamoaqvs bneli epoqisaTvis.

pirvelive strofi ngrevis Semzaravi suraTiT iwyeba:

„ingreva koSki saukuniT aSenebuli!

winaparTagan motanili Zvirfas brolebiT,

72

cviva sarkmlebi bedisweriT daSinebuli,

daSinebuli bedisweris gamoqrolebiT“.

„Zvirfas brolebTan“ erTad, galaktioni mimarTavs „sicocxlis brolis“(„bneli

Crdilavs sicocxlis brols“ – ambobs erTgan), „brolis zmanebis“ („nugeSi“)

saxeebs. vfiqrobT, es saxeebi qristianuli RmerTis simboloebia da unda

momdinareobdes ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebidan, sadac miniSnebulia brolis ca:

...“gaixsna ca da vixile RvTiuri xilvebi“ (ezekieli , 1,1). „cxovelTa Tavebs zemoT

TiTqos brolis ca iyo“ (ezekieli 1,22).

broli figurirebs agreTve apokalifsSi: „wamiyvana suliT didsa da maRal

mTaze. miCvena wminda qalaqi ierusalimi, mqone RvTisa didebisa. misi Suqi msgavsi

iyo patiosani Tvlisa, rogorc iaspis qvisa, broliviT gamWvirvalesi“ (ioanes

gamocxadeba, T. 21, 10, 11). galaktionis leqsSi koSkis ngrevas mosdevs

sarkmelTa cvena da es bedisweriT aris gapirobebuli.

RvTis gmobis faqtze miniSnebulia danielis winaswarmetyvelebaSi, ioane

RvTismetyvelis gamocxadebaSi.

„uzenaesis winaaRmdeg sityvebs ityvis da uzenaesis wmidebs Seaviwroebs,

ganizraxavs maTTvis droTa da rjulisa Secvlas. isini xelSi miecemian mas, vidre

ar gava dro–ori dro da naxevari dro.

Semdeg dajdeba samsjavro da warTmevs mas xelmwifebas“(danieli, 5,25,26).

igives gvauwyebs ioanes gamocxadeba: „roca mexuTe beWedi axsna, samsxverplos

qveS davinaxe sulebi daxocilTa RvTis sityvebisaTvis da mowmobisaTvis, romelic

maT hqondaT“ (gamocxadeba, 6,9).

„koSkSi“ Semdeg aqcenti modis svetebze, romelic „warsulTa dReTa mtkice

burji“ iyo, dRes ki gaZarculi da yvelasaTvis gaugebaria:

„svetebi, romelT Tavze adga elvare TaRi,

warsulTa dReTa mtkice burji da megobari

dgas daqanculi, gaZarculi, uiaraRo,

yvelasTvis ucxo da yvelasTvis gaugebari!“

koSkTan erTad, svetebic mariamis simbolod isaxeba.

prof. t. mosia saTanado magaliTebis damowmebiT mariamis simbolod miiCnevs

svets: „TayvanismcemelTa mier RvTis deda aRiqmeboda qristianTa burjad,

simtkiced da svetad: „sveto da simtkiceo da siqadulo Cveno, mariam ubiwoo“ (m.

qavTaria, Zveli qarTuli poezia, gv. 197), nikoloz gulaberiZis SemoqmedebaSi

mariami naTlis svetad da cxovel svetad gamoixata: „naTlisa sueto qalwulo“

(qarTuli poezia, I, 203), „sueto cxovelo, dedofalo wmindao (iqve).

„daujdomelSi“ mariami „cecxlis svetad“ da „Rrublis svetad“ mogvevlina. orive

Zeglis amosavali wyaro gamosvlaTa wignia: „xolo RmerTi uZRoda maT dRisiT

ukue suetiTa RrublisaTa Cuenebad maTda gzasa, xolo Rame suetiTa cecxlisaTa“

(gamosvla, 13, 21) – t. mosia, „saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1996w. gv.

106).

73

saanalizo leqsis Semdeg strofSi isev koSkis dangrevazea saubari da es

ngreva Sedarebulia Zveli romis an bagratis koSki – taZris ngrevasTan, raTa

ufro Zlierad gangvacdevinos rwmenis, siwmindis, ganadgureba:

„ingreva koSki siyvaruliT aSenebuli,

viT Zveli romi, an bagratis koSki-taZari“.

koSki siyvaruliT aris aSenebuli, siyvaruli ki qristianuli RmerTis saxelia:

„RmerTi siyvarulia“ (kaTolike epistoleni ioanesi, I, T. 4, 8)

netari avgustines aRsarebaSi RmerTs ewodeba “diadi siyvaruli“ („aRsareba“, gv.

390).

am sayovelTao ngrevis diriJoria „saxe gamxdari, geslianad gacinebuli“

satana, romelic saxeldebulia, rogorc „SiSis landi uzarmazari“: igi koSkis

„ZvelisZvel foliantze“ sabediswero ganaCens awers:

„saxe gamxdari, geslianad gacinebuli

aq isev gaCnda SiSis landi uzarmazari.

koSkis ZvelisZvel foliantze raRac daswera

da Semoxaza gamoucnob nebis rkalebiT“.

gvaxsendeba mefe balTazaris lxini, roca kedelTan gamoCenilma xelma sami

sabediswero sityvis daweriT mianiSna babilonis samefos aRsasrulsa da

balTazaris sikvdilze, rac imave saRamos axda kidec.

SiSis landis movlineba da saidumlo warweris gakeTeba avi winagrZnobiT

avsebs leqsis lirikul gmirs:

„albaT moxdeba saswauli sabediswero...

nuTu aravis, aravis ar SevebralebiT?”

sanTlis Caqrobas (sanTeli qristes simboloa) mosdevs bneli Ramis gabatoneba

da amis Sedeg yovelgvar fass kargavs taSiscema, vardebi, dideba:

„oh, guli, guli! ranairad mtkiva es guli!

koSki Ramea... ukve Cahqra, Cahqra sanTeli,

deda, sada xar! mama, sad xar! an rad mindoda

es taSiscema, es vardebi, es Jruanteli?“

amaod mouxmobda poeti urwmuno mefistofelis epoqaSi zeciuri dedisa da mamis

saxelebs.

leqsis bolo striqonebSi cxadi gaxda saSineli winagrZnobis asruleba:

„mohyvebi qveS am uxeS lodebs Cum xetialiT“,

mesaubreba winagrZnoba daJinebuli...

aha! yru ryeviT, xmaurobiT, grgvinva–grialiT

daeca koSki, siyvaruliT aSenebuli!“

74

„koSki“ mariam RvTismSoblisa da qristianuli RmerTis uaryofas afiqsirebs,

rac daRamebas, ngrevas moaswavebs rogorc sulier, ise materialur sferoSi. jer

kidev 1916 wels Cawvda galaktioni revoluciis mRvrie dinebis arss, im totalur

ganadgurebas, rac moxdeboda rogorc materialur faseulobaTa (marTlac

ingreoda eklesia–monastrebi, cinizmisa da devnis sagani xdeboda rwmena) mimarT,

ise sulierebis aspeqtSi. es damRupveli tendenciebi araerTgzis amxila poetma xan

pirdapir, xan simbolur-metaforuli saxeebiT.

am ubedurebis diriJorebi iyvnen apokalifsSi miniSnebuli zRvisa da miwis

mxecebi (bibliis komentatorebi maT adresatebad leninsa da stalins miiCneven),

romelTac Zalaufleba gveleSapisgan miiRes. apokalifsSi maTi damarcxebac aris

miniSnebuli.

RmerTisuarmyofeli marqsizmis bacilebiT iSxameboda me-19 saukunis qarTveli

da „aCrdilSi“ ilia WavWavaZe wuxda sicocxlis xis gaxmobaze, mkurnavi wyaros

daSrobaze, rac simbolurad urwmunoebis mxileba iyo.

vaJa–fSavelas „moCvenebaSi“ igive faqtze metyvelebs “dangreuli darbazebi“,

Tavmongreuli koSkebi da alis, qajis cinikuri xiTxiTi yvelafris amaoebaze,

magram Semdeg dauvali mzis (RmerTis) gamonaTeba rwmenis uZlevelobis dasturia.

mixeil javaxiSvilis „qalis tvirTSi“ koSkis damangreveli, gedis gamanadgurebeli

Savi urCxuli da koSkTan dapirispirebuli wiTeli gveleSapi moaswavebs

antiqristes movlinebas, romelic miznad daisaxavs siwmindis, sulierebis, koSkis

(mariamis) gaufasurebas.

galaktionis poeziaSi ingreva koSki, sasaxle, sofeli, qalaqi, darbazebi, ecema

svetebi, Zmebi iyofen moxuc baRs (Zma Cveni e.w. „ufrosi Zmaa“, moyvris saxeliT

mosuli Crdiloeli „mfarveli“). baRi kacuri bunebaa ipolite romaelis mixedviT.

baRis gayofa adamianuri bunebis dakninebaze, gaukeTurebaze migvaniSnebs.

„megobrad dasaxuli mosisxle mtris” mier dawyvetili vardebi, usivrco baRi,

damsxvreuli qandakebebi da Zeglebi, maT qveS ugonod damarxuli guli gvzaravs

leqsSi „guli“.

TvalSi gvecema „gamqrali saunjis“ sevda („918“), „damsxvreuli dro“ („sdgas

xeivani“), „damsxvreuli rwmenis xomaldi“ („daiRupa is xomaldi“), „dro–afTari“

(„elegia“).

neronis cecxli, jvarcma, rRveva, cxedrebia irgvliv, Tbilisi qceulia

giliotinad da eSafotad („tfilisi“).

mkvdaria yvavilebi, momakvdavia baRi („Semodgomis dRe“), gaZarculia atmis

yvavili, napralebze gadamsxvreulia nergi („atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo“).

demonTa gundis aguguneba, ngreva Rrublebis, dalewili ca amxels

RmerTisuamyofeli epoqis avbediT movlenebs „zRvis efemeraSi“.

„axla dro msoflio ngrevis“ („lenini“), „msoflio ngrevaTa“ kvlav mowme

gavxdebiT“ („kosmiuri orkestri“), „araerTxel agugundeba dedamiwaze kidev samumi“

(„Cven, poetebi saqarTvelosi“), gvafrTxilebs galaktioni.

„koSkis“ saxis sxvagvari, Cvengan gansxvavebuli gagebaa mocemuli samecniero

literaturaSi.

„koSki“ saqarTvelos simboloa.

75

„saqarTvelos dacema iwinaswarmetyvela poetma, dacema, romelic kidevac daiwyo

missave epoqaSi da dRemde grZeldeba... jer kidev sabediswero saswaulis

molodinSia Cveni qveyana.

„iavarqmnili koSki, iavarqmnili taZari iavarqmnili qveynis alegoriuli saxea“,

– askvnis nana kucia. (ix. nana kucia, „utaZrobis tragedia“, Tb., 1998w. gv. 23).

rogorc Cvens mier zemoT citirebuli magaliTebidan vnaxeT, galaktionis

poezias ar aklia dangreuli soflebis, qalaqebis, qveynebis da TviT msoflios

saxe, magram arsebiTi isaa, rom ngreva upirvelesad sulismieria, gaukuRmarTebuli

satanuri sulis Semoqmedebaa da umTavresad amas afiqsirebs poeti, amasTan

gviCvenebs (ngrevis fizikuri suraTebiT), rom Tu demonis sauflo suli ar

ganikurna, sicarielis, araraobis sauflo gaxdeba yovelive arsebuli. esaa

gafrTxileba.

amasTan, galaktioni kanonikur saxeebs TiTqmis ar ucvlis Sinaarss, religiuri

gagebiT mimarTavs maT, mxolod mxatvrulad amravalferovnebs, axal elfers sZens

ukve arsebul tradiciebs.

rac Seexeba galaktionis kosmofonias, igi qristianulia bolomde, satanis

arsebobis, magram RmerTis maradiulobis da uZlevelobis rwmeniTaa gamsWvaluli.

erTi SexedviT pesimistur leqsebs, ganadgurebis tkivils enacvleba rwmena

ganaxlebisa, RmerTisaken mibrunebisa („mSvidobis wigni“), „Sori gazafxulis“

(gazafxuli, zafxuli saRmrTo saxelebia) imedi, „gadarCenis bedniereba”. WeSmariti

poetis misiad esaxeba yvavilebis (rwmenis) gadarCenisaTvis zrunva, am mizniT qmnis

„Zlevis, lodinis simReras“, darajobs momavlisaTvis saimedod gadanaxul rwmenis

droSebs („gadanaxuli droSebi“).

RmerTis morwmune adamiani ar SeiZleba iyos oboli („ar var oboli“), arsebobs

saswaulis, umanko naTelis, caze varskvlavis aelvarebis, yinulis lodis

gadnobis, alvis xis (saRmrTo saxelia), aswlovanTa xeTa gadarCenis imedi,

„siyvarulis simRera, rogorc erTaderTi xsna, erTaderTi imedi“ (“ilias motivi”).

„mxolod gamarjvebiT bedTan Serigebis“ („ar Rirs im erT cremlad“), brZolis,

Ziebis paTosi avsebs galaktionis leqsebs.

mTavaria rwmena imisa, rom „rac aireva da daireva, rac daingreva, kvlav

aSendeba“.

tkivilTan erTad,imedis xatebi anTia galaktionis striqonebSi: „gardava bneli

saukunis mRvrie nadiri, aRmosavleTi moirTveba ciskris alubliT“ („maxajiri“),

saukuneTa Tovlo, iTovle, mainc dadneba eg naTovlari“ („warwera xovles

ornamentze“), „zamTaro, ase gulisdamxSobo, ver SesZleb, sio rom gadaswio,

saimqveynio da saamsoflo“ („mSvidobis wigni“).

es rwmena wignTa wignis sibrZniTaa nasazrdoebi.

„gvelis fesvidan gamova unasi da misi naSieri mfrinavi gveleSapi iqneba“ (esaia,

14, 29).

“uflis didi dRe... im dRes dasjis ufali sastiki, didi da Zlieri maxviliT

leviaTans, gvels mosriales da gvels daklaknils da moklavs gveleSaps, zRvaSi

myofs“ (esaia, 14, 30), wers winaswarmetyveli.

uflis didi dRis, codvilTa gankiTxvisa da marTalTa amaRlebis rwmenis

gamoxatulebaa poema „mSvidobis wignis“ striqonebi: „ra didi dRea, ra samoTxea

qebuli odiT“.

76

dangreuli koSkebis, dacemuli svetebis reqviemia galaktionis poezia, amasTan,

isev uzenaesisken mibrunebis, ganwmendis, waqceuli svetebis kvlav amarTvis

utyuari ganWvreta, rac asrulda kidec.

„atmis yvavilebis“ cikli

galaktion tabiZis poeziis upirveles Taviseburebad SeiZleba miviCnioT misi

simboluri, igavuri xasiaTi, rac bibliuri winaswarmetyvelebis, saerTod, didi

xelovnebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli da miznad isaxavs „Rrma sibrZnis“, „ukvdavi

azris“ Ziebas.

bibliaSi ganasxvaveben miwiur da zeciur sibrZnes, „salaRobo simReras“ (esaia, 33,

32), Tu „siyvarulis simReras“ (esaia, 5,1), siyvaruli ki RmerTia (ioane, 1,4,5).

siyvarulis simReras mReroda esaia winaswarmetyveli da es siyvaruli iyo RmerTi:

„vumRereb Cems Seyvarebuls siyvarulis simReras mis venaxze“ (esaia, 5,1).

siyvarulis simRera esaxeboda imedisa da xsnis gzad galaktion tabiZes: „gulSi

JRers ra xania siyvarulis simRera, rogorc erTaderTi xsna, erTaderTi imedi”

(„ilias motivi“).

„Sen miatove Seni pirveli siyvaruli”, ucxadebs qriste ioane mociqulis piriT

efesos eklesias apokalifsSi (T. 2,4).

saRvTo siyvarulis daviwyeba awamebs galaktions: „aq odesme mxiaruli gziT

uyvardaT siaruli, aw gza mitovebulia, rogorc Zveli siyvaruli“.

galaktionis poeziis tragikul intonaciebs ganapirobebda is, rom mis Tanamedrove

sazogadoebas daaviwyda „siyvarulis nana“, “siyvarulis xma“.

poetis sulSi ki gamudmebiT JRerda „siyvarulis simRera“, „siyvarulis

uvertiura“, rac locvasTaviT amaRlebuli da diadia.

poetebis mefes aRaSfoTebda rwmenis uaryofa, rac totaluri kataklizmebis

macned esaxeboda da mkiTxvelis yuradRebas miaqcevda urwmunoebis bacilebze,

uzenaesis damdablebaze, raTa gadaerCina „lamazi arsi Cveni kacobisa“.

am TvalsazrisiT, Zalze sayuradRebod gvesaxeba „atmis yvavilebi“, romelic 1915

wels daiwera da poetis meore, „artistuli yvavilebis“ saxelwodebiT cnobil

krebulSi Sevida.

rogorc ar unda SevamciroT galaktionis SedevrTa ricxvi, „atmis yvavilebi“

yovelTvis iqneba rogorc qarTuli, ise msoflio poeziis rCeulTa rCeuli.

bevrjer Seurxevia am nawarmoebs aRtacebuli mkiTxvelis sulis frTa.

specalistebi yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen mis axlebur saxeebze, Sinagan–garegan,

kibur riTmebze, magram mainc Zneli aRmoCnda zogad frazebze Sors wasvla da

leqsis Canafiqris wvdoma. am amoucnoblobam mas meti xibli SesZina da atmis

yvavilebis umSvenieresi xe Cvens sulSi darCa samaradJamod, rogorc zeaRmtaci

saxe, rogorc maradiuli idealis ganadgurebis mounelebeli tkivili.

prof. S. radiani werda: „g. tabiZe umTavresad etaneba iseT suraTebs, sadac

gansakuTrebiT moCans benebis simkacre. am mxriv damaxasiaTebelia „atmis yvavilebi“

(S. radiani, „meoce saukunis qarTuli literatura“, Tb. 1959w. gv. 203).

77

prof. a. xinTibiZe ase gamoarCevda „atmis yvavilebis“ cikls: „yvelaze meti siaxle

qarTul poeziaSi galaktionma mainc atmis yvavilebis cikliT Semoitana. es iyo

sruliad Taviseburi movlena. atmis yvavilebis simbolikaSi gamoxatuleba hpova

sikvdil–sicocxlis maradiulma problemam. am ciklis pirveli centraluri leqsi

„atmis yvavilebi“ 1915 w. gamoqveynda Jurnal „Teatrsa da cxovrebaSi“. momdevno

wlebSi es motivi gamdidrda axali saxeebiT, ferebiT, ganwyobilebebiT („atmis

rtoo, daRalulo rto“, „im atmebs gaumarjos, im atmis yvavilebs“ da „im

vardisfer atmebs“). magram yvela am leqsis azrobriv–emociuri safuZveli, misi

Sesatyvisi poetikiT, „atmis yvavilebis“ momajadoebeli musika, rasac riTmaTa

saocari xveulebi qmnis, ukve mis pirvelsave variantSi iyo.

„...1915 wels galaktionma ramdenime axal motivs misca dasabami. swored am wels

Caisaxa is specifikuri da gansakuTrebuli, ramac arsebiTad gansazRvra poetis

Semoqmedebis xasiaTi. 1915 wels galaktioni araTu momwifebulia axali sityvis

saTqmelad, aramed ukve Sedevrebs qmnis axali xelovnebis oqros fondSi

Sesatanad“ (akaki xinTibiZe, „galaktioni Tu cisferyanwelebi“, Tb., 1994 w., gv. 124).

„atmis yvavilebi“ gacilebiT metis mTqmelia, vidre nebismieri bunebaze dawerili

Sedevri. am nawarmoebis gacnobiT raRac miRmurs, amaRlebuls veziarebiT, „raRac

araqauris“ hangi iWreba Cvens arsebaSi.

yoveli xe da yvavili uzenaesis qmnilebaa, maTi arseboba alamazebs da afaqizebs

Cvens yofas, suls, maTi sikvdili Tu sicocxle Cveni arsebobis simboloa da

yoveli moazrovne adamianis damafiqrebeli.

galaktioni cocxal arsebasaviT ganicdida mTel organul da araorganul

samyaros, mis suls xeTa foTlebis bedic da balaxTa feric aTrTolebda, igi

mTel kosmoss atarebda Tavis Sinagan samyaroSi, Tan ara mxolod realurs,

simbolursac (demonuri xe, Savi zRvis piras mdgari mrude xe, ori xe–qolgiani

Zmebi, arsebobis xe, cnobadis xe, sicocxlis xe, alva, palma, kiparisi, zenitze

mdgari Sori palmebi, verxvi, bza), poeti verc atmis yvavilebis gulgrili

mayurebeli iqneboda, yoveli xilulis asi aTasi TvaliT mxilveli, magram

Secdoma iqneboda imis fiqri, TiTqos es leqsi marTlac realur, fizikur, sadRac

baRSi Tu mindorSi mdgar atmis xeze iyos dawerili, Tumca, uxilavis

paralelurad, poets xilulic xiblavda da realuris gziT midioda

irealurisken.

gasaTvaliswinebelia galaktionis upirvelesi Tavisebureba: xiluliT naTelyos

uxilavi, empiriuliT migvaniSnos mistikurze, wuTieriT maradiulze, xelSesaxebiT

– miRmurze...

vfiqrobT, atmis yvavilebi simboluri, ganumeorebeli saxea, romelic

gangvacdevinebs uzenaesis, uwmindesis ugulebelyofiT daRdasmuli epoqis

tragedias.

vinc icnobs galaktionis poezias, mas uTuod emaxsovreba misi gardacvlili,

qimerebSi Cavardnili, Camqrali, landad qceuli Tu Savi mzis saxeebi, gauTenebeli

Ramis, SeRamebuli dilis landebi, dalewili, damwvari, dangreuli, demonis

sakuTrebad qceuli ca, damWknari, SxamiT daSxamuli, dausrulebeli setyviT

daRupuli yvavilebi, qaris mier ganadgurebuli yvavilebi da zambaxebi,

siyvaruliT aSenebuli da bedisweriT iavarqmnili koSkebi, damsxvreuli rwmenis

gemis, daRupuli xomaldebis reqviemi, gadatexili swori kenarisa da sneuli

78

verxvis oxvra, Savi Tovli da wiTeli gza. gulubryviloba, poeziis specifikaSi

sruli gaurkvevloba iqneboda maTi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT gageba. swored am

ganumeorebelma simbolur–metaformulma saxeebma, maTSi nagulisxmevma uRrmesma

azrma aqcia galaktioni epoqis udides poetad.

„atmis yvavilebi“ simboluri leqsia, moCvenebiTia misi realuri plani, leqsis

qveteqstebi mis calkeul saxeebSia saZiebeli.

nawarmoebi mkafio kompoziciis mqonea.

leqsi umSvenieresi atmis yvavilebisa da beberi, avi qaris SeWidebiT iwyeba:

„rtoebSi avobs beberi qari,

yvavilTa jari fifqiT banaobs.

tydeba, nanaobs eTeri Cqari,

nanaobs qari da miqanaobs“.

awmyosTan erTad, leqsSi atmis xis warsulic ixateba:

„atmis xe idga TaiguliviT,

aq mas mileviT uTrToda suli!

SoriT mosuli gazafxul sxiviT

da namTa mZiviT garemoculi“.

am striqonebSi yuradRebas iqcevs ara mxolod atmis xis sazeimo da bednieri

elferi, aramed atmis suli. aRsaniSnavia, rom galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi

yvelafers suli aqvs: „yvavilT suli, Walis suli, gemis suli, miwis suli“...

miuxedavad imisa, rom erTi SexedviT leqsis garemo yofiTi da Cveulebrivia, mis

saxeebSi sul sxva, aramiwieri Canafiqri amoikiTxeba, vfiqrobT, am strofSia

saZiebeli umTavresi kodirebuli saxeebi.

daviwyoT imiT, rom xe, arsebobis xe, simarTlis xe, rogorc es bibliasa da

TeologiaSia miRebuli, sicocxlis xis simboloa, sicocxlis xeSi ki RmerTi

igulisxmeba (a. baqraZe, „sasuliero poeziis saxeebi“, krebuli „poezia“, 1983w.).

sicocxlis xis variaciebia galaktionis zenitze mdgari Sori palmebi, alva,

kiparisi, verxvi, bza.

vfiqrobT, atmis xec religiuri Sinaarsis matarebeli saxea.

sicocxlis xe umetesad qristes simboloa.

„qriste iesos Ziridan amoziduli xea... igi d. guramiSvilis TqmiT, aris ...xe...

kaciani da RvTiani“ (t.mosia, „saRvTo saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1995w. gv. 20).

msgavsi magaliTebi uxvad aqvs damowmebuli profesor tite mosias Zveli (dabad.

2,9) da axali aRTqmis (gamocx. 22, 1-2) wignebidan, sasuliero poeziidan.

mecniers moaqvs agreTve magaliTebi, romlebSic xe cxovrebisa gamonaklisis saxiT

mariamis simbolodac gvevlineba: „aRyuavda wmidisagan qalwulisa xe igi

cxovrebisai da madlisa“...

„gixaroden, xeo cxovrebisao, romelman gamoiRe nayofi cxovrebisa“ – am poetur

frazaSi xe RvTismSoblis, xolo cxovrebis nayofi adamianis mxsneli mesiaa“ (iqve).

79

am gagebiT Zalze saintereso magaliTs imowmebs prof. t. mosia „uZvelesi

iadgaridan“ (509): „samoTxe aRSenebulo da xe yuavilgardafenilo – yolad wmidao

RmrTismSobelo, rameTu Sen taZar eqmen sulsa wmidasa – meox gueyav Cuen“. (iqve).

sicocxlis xis variaciebi uxvad aris Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi. mivmarToT

fsalmuns: „gaZRen xeni uflisa da kedrebi libanisa“ (fs. 103-104, 16).

ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebaSi yuradRebas iqcevs maradiuli xe mudmivi nayofiT,

mkurnavi foTlebiT: „mdinaris orive napirze gaizrdeba yovelgvari xe sakvebis

momcemi, ar daWkneba misi foToli da ar miileva misi nayofi, yovel wels

inayofebs, radgan sawmidaridan idinebs misi wylebi. misi nayofi saWmelad iqneba

da misi foToli – gansakurneblad“ (ezekieli, 7, 17).

sicocxlis xeze migvaniSnebs mamaRmerTis mier darguli maRali naZvis toti: „ase

ambobs ufali RmerTi: aviReb tots maRali naZvidan da davrgav: maRal da asvetil

mTaze davrgav“ (ezekieli, 17, 22).

analogiuri azria Semdeg striqonebSi: „libanis dideba SenTan mova, alva,

nekerCxali da bza – erTian, Cemi sawmidaris adgilis gasamSveneblad, rom Cemi

kvarcxbeki ganvadido“ (esaia, 60, 13).

galaktionis alva sicocxlis xea („alvebi TovlSi“)., „dedofali alva“ ki mariamia

leqsSi „saRamo“.

„atmis yvavilebi, atmis xe mariamis simbolod gvesaxeba „atmis yvavilebSi“.

atmis xes amSvenebda „SoriT mosuli gazafxulis sxivi“ da „namTa mZivi“.

zafxuli, gazafxuli saRmrTo saxelebia.

es gageba momdinareobs fsalmunidan: „gvirgvini daadgi Seni sikeTis zafxuls da

Seni nakvalevidan wveTavs simsuqne“ (fs. 64/65, 12).

dantes „RvTaebriv komediaSi“ RmerTi moxsenebulia, rogorc „maradiuli

gazafxuli“: „vardis furcelni aRakmevdnen nelsurnelebas maradiuli gazafxulis

sadidebelad“ (dante, „RvTaebrivi komedia“, Targmani k. gamsaxurdiasi, Tb. 1941 w.

gv. 400).

galaktionis poemaSi „akaki wereTeli“ qriste saxeldebulia „mudmiv gazafxulad“:

„gaiara vrceli gzebi, sad mudmivi mzea mgznebi da mudmivi gazafxulis dauWknobi

yvavilebi“. simboluri „Sori gazafxulis“ lodinia leqsSi „sinamdvileSi

ocnebisas“. aseTi gagebiT figurirebs es saxe galaktionis leqsebSi: „o,

gazafxulo“, „arxevs axali sicocxlis akvans“, „is CamomSorda, rogorc sizmari“,

„saRamo“, „Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls“, „es grigalia siaxlis“.

akaki wereTlis leqsSi „natvra“ qristianuli RmerTis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba

„Sori gazafxulis“ saxe.

galaktionis „atmis yvavilebis“ Sori gazafxuli iesos metaforaa... sxivi, Suqi

rogorc miRebulia qristianul TeologiaSi, filosofiur mwerlobaSi, Ze RmerTis

simboluri saxelia. (i. damaskeli, p. iberi, gr. nazianzeli, i. petriwi), d.

guramiSvilis „daviTiani“ – t. mosia, „daviT guramiSvili da qarTuli sityvieri

kultura“, Tb. 1986w. gv. 70).

qristianuli samebis gamomxatvelia mzis saxe, romelSic mamaRmerTi mzea, Ze

RmerTi –sxivi, Suqi, naTeli – suliwminda.

„atmis yvavilebis“ sxivTan erTad, „namTa mZivic“ saRmrTo saxelia.

80

cvaris, namis aseTi gageba momdinareobs Zveli aRTqmis wignebidan: „viqnebi cvari

israelisTvis, ayvavdeba, rogorc SroSani da libaniviT gaidgams fesvebs“ (osia, 12,

11)

mivmarToT fsalmuns: „ganTiadis saSodanve SenTanaa nami Seni siyrmisa“ (fs. 109/110,

3).

prof. t. mosia imowmebs magaliTebs himnografiidan, daviT guramiSvilis

„daviTianidan“, romlebSic „cvari cxovrebisa“, „cvari mSvidobisa“; „cvari

zegardmowveTili“ qristes saxelad moiazreba („daviTianis“ literaturuli

wyaroebisa da poetikis sakiTxebi; Tb., 1989 w. gv. 196).

analogiuri saxeebi fiqsirebulia winaswarmetyvelTa wignebSi: „ase miTxra ufalma:

me mSvidad gadmovixedav Cemi sauflodan xvatis kaSkaSiviT mowmendilze, namis

RrubeliviT mkis papanebaSi“ (esaia, 18, 4).

„naTlis cvaria Seni cvari“ (esaia, 16, 19).

originaluri saxea galaktionis „atmis xe“, romelic garemoculia Soris

gazafxulis sxiviT da „namTa mZiviT“.

zemoxsenebul strofSi erTdroulad moixileba rogorc mariamis (atmis xe), ise

qristes simboluri saxeebi (SoriT mosuli gazafxulis sxivi, namTa mZivi).

atmis xe rom namdvilad mariamis simboloa, am mosazrebas gangvimtkicebs misi

moxsenieba naz qalad, ucxo mxaris dedoflad, romelsac swvavs „mzis Zali“ (mze–

qriste), da grZnobaTa ali (ali, cecxli qristes simboloa). leqsis meore

strofSi naTqvamia:

„atmis xe idga, viT nazi qali,

viT dedofali ucxo mxareSi,

sinarnareSi swvavda mzis Zali

da grZnobaT ali simwuxareSi“.

leqsis wina strofis striqonebSi („atmis xe idga TaiguliviT“) saubari iyo atmis

xis mTrTolvare sulze, aq ki mzis Zalis grZnoba da mwuxarebis grZnobaT alia

(cecxli).

dedoflis mariamis simbolod gaazrebis mraval magaliTs vipoviT rogorc Zveli

da axali aRTqmis, ise sasuliero poeziis wiaRSi.

„Sens marjvniv dadga dedofali ofiris oqroTi Semkuli“ (fs. 44/45, 10).

fsalmunis am frazaSi RvTismetyvelebi mariam RvTismSoblis xatebas xedaven: „vin

aris is dedofali, romelzedac aq aris laparaki da romelic mesiis gverdiT

dauyenebiaT? ra Tqma unda, im Zis, im mesiis deda, sxva vin unda iyos mesiis

gverdiT mjdomare qali?“ (ioane – iona? „ra unda vakeToT“, Tb. 1994w. gv. 152).

davimowmoT esaia winaswarmetyvelic: „rogorc xarobs siZe dedofliT, ise

gaixarebs SeniT Seni RmerTi“ (esaia 62, 5).

mariami aris „didebuli deda, dedofali“, „yovladwminda dedofali“, „wminda

dedofali“ (uZvelesi iadgari, gv. 439). „didi dedofali“ (d. guramiSvili),

magaliTebi motanilia t. mosias wignidan „saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba“,

zugdidi, 1996 w. gv. 42, 43, 55.

dedofali ewodeba mariams „beTlemis sagalobelSi“, nikoloz gulaberiZis

„galobani suetisa cxovelisani“ mariams warmogvidgens, rogorc „wmida

81

dedofals“; d. aRmaSeneblis „galobani sinanulisani“ „qalwul dedas, dedofals“

(„Cveni saunje“, t. I, Tb., 1960 w. gv. 167).

vfiqrobT, „atmis yvavilebis“ „nazi qali“ da „ucxo mxaris dedofali“ aris

mariami, rogorc galaktionisve „dedofali alva“ („saRamo“).

saanalizo leqsis Semdeg striqonebSi xazi esmeba, rom mziT Semosili atmis xe

poetis saocnebo ideali iyo, momxiblavi CrdiliT trfobis survilis aRmZvreli:

„atmis xe Slili ocnebas hgavda,

roca Relavda mziT aRWurvili,

me misi Crdili xSirad mxiblavda

da xSirad mwvavda trfobis survili“.

poeti SeZrulia zebunebrivi trfobiT da mis saxeTa adresatebi arian mariami da

qriste.

saRmrTo siyvarulis ideas galaktionis araerT leqsSi vipoviT (ix. amaze Cveni

„galaktion tabiZis filosofiuri lirikis sakiTxebi“, Tb., 1996w. gv. 100-109).

atmis xes diadi warsuli hqonda zemoxsenebuli striqonebis mixedviT, Semdeg ki

qariT gaZarculi yvavilebi da gabzaruli xe gvaZrwunebs:

„magram ewvia atmis xes qari

da frTa medgari Semoaxvia,

axlac atyvia xes ganabzari,

yvavilTa Rvari rom daafrqvia.

rogorc peplebi mSvidi da frTxili,

Semdeg aSlili da afrenili

gadacvenili atmis yvavili

iyo daRlili da mowyenili“.

bibliaSi, sasuliero poeziaSi sicocxles xesTan yovelTvis moiazreba simboluri

saRmrTo gagebis wyaro, wyali, rogorc misi macocxlebeli (qristes simbolo).

„nakadi RmrTisa savsea wyliT“ (fs. 64/65, 8).

„glovis velze gamvlelni wyaros aRmoaCenen da kurTxeviT daifaravs maT wvima

Semodgomisa“ (fs. 83/84, 7).

„wyals mivuRvri urwyuls da nakaduls gamomSrals miwas“ (esaia, 44, 3).

„im dRes iqneba, rom gaiReba wyaro daviTis saxlisTvis“( (esaia, 13,1).

„im dRes iqneba rom idinebs ierusalimidan sicocxlis wyali, zamTar–zafxul ase

iqneba“ (esaia, 14,8).

„gasxurebT ganwmendil wyals da gagwmendT Tqveni uwmindurebisagan da yoveli

Tqveni kerpisagan gagwmendT Tqven“ (ezekieli, 36, 5).

„taZris zRurblis qvevidan gamomavali wyali roca zRvaSi aRmoCndeba, ganikurneba

wylebi... yvelaferi ganikurneba da gacocxldeba, sadac es wyali Caivlis“

(ezekieli, 47, 12,4).

„im dRes wyali idinebs iudas yovel xevSi, wyaro gamova uflis saxlidan da

aavsebs Sitimis xevs“ (ioveli, 4, 18).

82

„mogcemT ufali WirSi purs da simwareSi wyals da aRar daimaleba Tqveni

moZRvari da ixilaven Tqvens moZRvars Tqveni Tvalebi“ (esaia, 30, 20).

„atmis yvavilebSi“, yvavilis sikvdilTan erTad, mtvriT gasvrili wyali

migvaniSnebs deda–Zisadmi aTeisturi epoqis udier damokidebulebas:

„ocnebaT rigi Tvals miefara!

mtvriT gaisvara wyalTa likliki,

yvavili igi mokvda da Cqara

wiTlad dahfara baRis biliki“.

mtvris wyliT gasvra moaswavebs urwmunoTa mier RmerTis uaryofas (amiT

gamoirCeodnen revolucionerebi, social–demokratebi imTaviTve, oqtombris

revoluciis gamarjvebamdec) iseve, rogorc yvavilis sikvdili – mariamis

ignorirebas. es saxeebi xSirad erTad aris galaktionis leqsebSi da maT erTnair

xvedrs umzadebs RvTismgmobeli Jami.

Semdgomi striqonebi kidev ufro aZlierebs tragikul gancdas. faqti xdeba atmis

gaZarcva, daRameba, mzis Casvla da mwuxris gabatoneba, wyaros adgilas zRvis

boboqroba:

„baRis bilikze mivdivar da Tan

gaZrcvil atamTan zRvebi grovdeba,

saRamovdeba da mzis CasvlasTan

TandaTan mwuxri miaxlovdeba“.

atmis gaZarcva, mzis Casvla, wyaros amRvreva rwmenis, RmerTis, deda–Zis

damdablebas moaswavebs, zRva mSfoTvare cxovrebis, aboboqrebuli xalxebis

simboloa bibliaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi: „boroteulni aRelvebul zRvas gvanan,

romelic ver wynardeba da misi talRebi isvrian lafs da talaxs“ (esaia, 57,20).

atmis xe lokaluri mniSvnelobis saxe ar aris. igi saCino xatia diadisa,

boroteulTagan damdablebuli.

daRameba, mzis Casvla RvTaebis, sikeTis ignorirebis mauwyebelia.

mze, mze simarTlisa saRmrTo saxelia: „mze da faria ufali RmerTi“ (fs. 83/84, 12).

„amogibrwyindebaT... mze simarTlisa“ (malaqia winaswarmetyveli, T. 3,20)

SemTxveviTi ar aris baRis garemos daRameba.

baRi kacuri bunebaa ipolite romaelis mixedviT. RvTis rwmenisgan gaZarculi

suli bneldeba, carieldeba, iZarcveba sikeTisgan.

sulis totaluri gatialebis reqviemia leqsis bolo striqonebi. SeigrZnoba

sruli uimedoba, sikvdilis samefo, mWknari yvavili (araerTgzis mimaniSnebeli

RvTaebis uaryofaze galaktionis poeziaSi), usurnelo arseboba, radgan RmerTze

uarisTqma ukugdebaa sikeTis, mSvenierebis, saTnoebis, yovelive diadis:

„me aRar vdardob: ra msurs, ras veli?

viT mzis naTeli da Ramis Crdili

mefobs sikvdili – Wknobis msurveli,

gahqra surneli, daWkna yvavili!“

83

metaforul mzesTan („Soreuli mze“, uxilavi mze, wminda mze Sinagani, diadi mze,

maRali mze, mziani Rame“) erTad galaktionis poeziaSi gvxvdeba Soreuli mze, Savi

mze.

cnobilia, nicSem aitaca qristes jvarcmis faqti da RmerTis samudamo sikvdilis,

zekacis Ziebis idea ganaviTara („antiqriste“).

Semdeg komunistebi cdilobdnen amoeZirkvaT RmerTi adamianis cnobierebidan da

kerpTayvanismcemloba daemkvidrebinaT.

magram es droebiTi movlena iyo, radgan grigol robaqiZis Tqmisa ar iyos, „xalxi

uRmerTo cxovrebas didxans ver aitans, odesme urvisgan mxeciviT gamZvinvarebuli

aRdgeba, raTa jvars ecvas RmerTisTvis“ (grigol robaqiZe, „Cakluli suli“. Tb.

1991 w. gv. 8).

atmis xis moazreba mariamis simbolod Zalze originaluri, mignebuli saxea da,

amasTan, mainc erovnul tradiciebTan wilnayari Soreulad, radgan sasuliero

poeziis „yvavilgadafenili xe“ uswrebs galaktions qronologiurad.

ase iTavisebs galaktionis es Sedevri realurs da mistikurs, xiluls da uxilavs,

advilad Sesamecnebels da Znelad mosaxelTebels.

„atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo“.

galaktioni xSirad imeorebda fiqsirebul saxeebs da atmis yvavilebi, misi rto

xSirad uqcevia STagonebis sagnad. xSirad ganudidebia cis yvavili, Tovlis

yvavili, cecxlis yvavili, mTvaris Crdili. atmis rtosac analogiuri datvirTva

SesZina.

atmis yvavilebis ciklis gamorCeuli leqsia „atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo“ (1916

w.), romelic iseve savsea tragizmiT, rogorc „atmis yvavilebi“. isic rTuli

Sifris Semcvelia.

leqsis pirvelsave striqonSi qarTan SerkinebiT daRlili atmis rto da

qariSxlisgan gaZarculi yvavilebis tbori ixateba, rac devnis simSvides:

„atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo,

atmis rtoo, simSvidea Sori.

qariSxali modis saimdroo,

yvavilebis qarSi mihqris tbori“.

rto, morCi fsalmunisa da winaswarmetyvelTa wignebis mixedviT, qristes

simboloa.

„sionze mgloviareT misces gvirgvini nacris nacvlad, sixarulis zeTi glovis

nacvlad, qeba–didebis samoseli – mWmunvarebis sulis nacvlad, raTa ewodoT maT

simarTlis muxebi, sauflo nergi, rom ididon“ (esaia, 61,3).

„cabaoT uflis venaxi israelis saxli da iudas saxlia, misi sanatreli nergi“

(esaia, 5,1).

„aRvudgen saxelad nergs da aRar gawydebian SimSiliT“ (ezekieli, 34, 29).

nergi qristes zedwodebaa.

„sasuliero mwerlobaSi qristes metaforad moazrebulia „nergi cxovrebisai“

(sinuri mravalTavi, gv. 37), „nergi daunergveli“ (ioane minCxia poezia, gv. 243),

„nergi edemeani“ (miqaelis himnebi, gv. 239).

84

nergs ase ganmartavs sulxan–saba orbeliani: „nergi – xe da balaxi darguli“

(leqsikoni qarTuli, 1993 w. S, gv. 590).

aseTi gagebisaa morCi–norCi, axalmozardi (iqve, gv.504).

mivmarToT esaias: „im dRes iqneba uflis morCi Svenebad da pativad“ (esaia, 4,2).

aseTive gagebisaa ylorti, fesvi: „amova ylorti ieses Reridan da misi fesvis

amonayari gaixarebs“ (esaia, 11,1).

mivmarToT sxva magaliTebsac: „ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: „aviReb tots maRali

naZvidan da davrgav. maRal da asvetil mTaze davrgav“ (ezekieli, 17, 22).

„im dReebSi da imJamad aRmovuceneb daviTs WeSmarit morCs da gavaCen samarTals

da simarTles qveyanaSi“ (ieremia, 31, 15).

„saukunod daimkvidrebs qveyanas Cemi darguli morCi, Cemi xelTa qmnileba, raTa

ididos“ (esaia 60, 21).

galaktionis leqsSi borot qars ganudevnia sxivi, mxolod grigalis

SemaZrwunebeli kivili ismis, romelic sust yvavils damuqrebia:

„mocda ar Rirs, Tu iseve ucdi,

am grigalSi dro ar aris sxivis.

daRaluli yvavili xar susti,

qari kivis, qari kivis, kivis“.

ufskrulTan mdgari nergis msxvrevis xma gvaZrwunebs, mxolod zRvis mRelvarebas

da sisxlis suns SevigrZnobT da poets eWvebi, kiTxvis niSnebi useravs guls, atmis

rtos, rwmenis gadarCenis gamo:

„napralebze gadaimsxvra nargi,

exla zRvaa, exla sisxlis droa,

Tu gadarCi, xom gadarCi, kargi...

atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo“.

aqac gansxvavebuli niuansebiT meordeba “atmis yvavilebis“ Tema. atmis rto, misi

yvavili da sxivi qristianuli RmerTisa da RvTismSoblis simboloebs gulisxmobs,

deda-Zis xatebas gvicnobierebs, grigali, qari–antiqristes movlinebas, romelic

amsxvrevs rwmenas, abatonebs ngrevas, sisxls da sasikvdilo gansacdels umzadebs

yovelive amaRlebuls.

antiqristeTa, urwmunoTa, satanis naSierTa movlineba xom adreve

iwinaswarmetyveles bibliurma xeldasxmuleba: danielma, ezekielma, ieremiam,

esaiam, zaqariam...

am ciklis mesame leqsia „im atmebs gaumarjos, im atmis yvavilebs“ (1917 w.).

atmis yvavilebis silamaze isev warsulSia, yoveli lamazi, yrmobasTan

dakavSirebuli, Tumca sizmariviT gaTavda, mainc xdeba atmis yvavilebis

gacocxleba mogonebaSi, „raRac ar–aqauris“ mosmena:

„yvavilebis Tovli cas Selekia,

mesmis rulSi, rogorc yru elegia,

matareblis damRalavi xmauri,

85

raRac mRvrie, raRac ar–aqauri.

me vigoneb vnebas siymawvilis dros,

me vigoneb atmebze mTvaris Crdilebs,

im atmebs gaumarjos, im atmis yvavilebs!

yvelaferi sizmariviT gaTavda,

rasac guli siyrmiT damixatavda“...

warsuli rwmenaze „ara aras“, aramed „hos“ mTqmeli iyo, Semdeg ki suli gaibzara,

matareblis xmasaviT monotonuri gaxda cxovreba, silamaze daekarga arsebobas,

magram poetis mogonebaSi mainc darCa mTvaris CrdiliT mibnedili atmis

yvavilebis xibli.

Semdeg modis saocari striqonebi: mTebis ube da misi niavi, romelsac arvin

eubneba, iyavi CvenTan, nu geSiniao: „sarkmelidan – mTebis ubeSi niavs arvin etyvis:

iyav, nu geSinia!

mTa saRmrTo saxelia: danielis mTa, sacnauri mTa, daviTis mTa, mTai RmrTisa, mTai

poxili“ mariamis simboloa (t. mosia, „saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba, 1996 w. gv.

97-98).

am konteqstis mTa religiuri saxelia.

niavi saRmrTo niavia, suliwminda, galaktionis TanamedroveTaTvis gaucxoebuli

da zedmeti, rac Rames, udabnos amkvidrebs irgvliv.

„mSvidi da ucnobi“ poeti (ucnobi da gaugebari primitivTaTvis Tavisi uaRresad

rTuli da amaRlebuli saxeebiT) isev igonebs atmis xes, mis rtoebs da atmebze

mTvaris Crdilebs yiameT RameSi:

„iyo Rame, iyo udabnoeTi,

odes mSvidi da ucnobi poeti

TviTeul Crdils Sevxarodi, TiTo rtos

da vigoneb atmebze mTvaris Crdilebs,

im atmebs gaumarjos, im atmis yvavilebs“.

gansakuTrebuli xibli axlavs am ciklis kidev erT usaTauro leqss „im

vardisfer atmebs“ (1917 w.). masSi isev mogonebaSia vardisferi atmebi, isev

tkiviliania es siyvaruli:

„im vardisfer atmebs movigoneb kvlav...

imgvaradve mdev, imgvaradve mklav...“

es aris wyurvili ara xorcielis, xilulis, aramed uzenaesis, romlis xatebac

maradiulad Tan sdevs poets.

mwuxare dReebSi ufro metia misi wyurvili da imedi, Tumca antiqristeebma

daangries uzenaesis maRali ca, cecxli waukides sauflo xes, poetisTvis mainc

imgvarivea yvelaferi:

„o, rogor momwyurdi! mwuxarea dRe.

imgvarive ca, imgvarive xe“...

86

epoqis gamanadgurebeli qari isev daTareSobs, iRuneba bza (bza sicocxlis xea).

poetisTvis ki imgvarivea mze da bza, („mze da faria ufali RmerTi – fs. 83/84, 13;

„me var gza, WeSmariteba, cxovreba” (ioane, 60, 2,6).

qristes simboloa „cocxali gza, wmida gza” (esaia, 5, 18) dantes „RvTaebriv

komediaSi“ qristes ewodeba „WeSmariti gza, wminda gza, marTali gza, gza

uzeSTaesi“ („RvTaebrivi komedia“, 1941 w. gv. 212, 218, 376).

„igiv qari dahqris, iRuneba bza

imgvarive mze, imgvarive gza“ – aseTi uryevia galaktionis pozicia.

poetis xma isev ucvlelia, raTa imgvarive ZaliT uTxras zari, reqviemi zena qars:

„Zlier... Zlier... Zlier... vetyvi zena qars imgvarive xmiT, imgvarive zars“.

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom imgvarivea ca da xe, imgvarivea mze da gza, imgvarive

poetis xma da es niSnavs mis Seuryevel, ucvlel Tayvans da mowiwebas

uzenaesisadmi, RmerTis maradiulobas, ucvlelobas.

poetma arsad axsena RmerTi, RvTismSobeli, magram saxe–simboloebSi (vardisferi

atmebi, xe, ca, mze, gza) gaacxada Tavisi ucvleli siyvaruli RvTismSoblisa da

jvarcmuli RmerTisadmi.

samyaroSi erTaderTi ufalia maradiuli da ucvalebeli: „me ufali ar vicvlebi“

(malaqia winaswarmetyveli, 3,6).

mivmarToT esaia winaswarmetyvels: „dasabamidan me igive var da veravin ixsnis Cemi

xelidan. movimoqmedeb da vin Secvlis?“ (esaia, 43, 13).

igive azrs aviTarebs fsalmuni: „Sen ki igive xar da Seni wlebi ar dailevian“ (fs.

101/102, 7).

gavixsenoT iakob mociqulic: „yvela keTili saboZvari da yvela srulyofili niWi

maRlidan modis, naTelTa mamisgan, romelTanac ar aris cvlileba da arc Crdili

cvalebadobisa“ (mociqulTa saqmeebi, iakob mociquli, 1,17).

mivmarToT aseve pavle mociquls, romelsac suliwmidis qnars uwodebdnen:

„gqondeT erTi da igive siyvaruli, iyaviT erTsulovani, erTazrovani” (pavle

mociqulis werili filipelTa mimarT, T. 2,2).

galaktionis leqsSi „qarisagan iRuneba bza“, anu rwmenas urwmunoeba

upirispirdeba.

„ca“ mariamis simboloa (t. mosia, „saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba“, gv. 125).

xe – sicocxlis xeze anu qristeze migvaniSnebs.

maS, leqsis mixedviT, poeti maradiuli erTgulia RvTismSoblis, qristianuli

RmerTis.

galaktioni Tavidan bolomde erTi WeSmariti RmerTis erTguli rCeboda: “...Cems

gulSi erTi gaxmaurdeba zeca da RmerTi“ (“ar gapativa“).

poeti afiqsirebda antiqristeTa satanur qmedebebs, amasTan, simboluri saxeebiT

winaswarmetyvelebda isev RmerTisken mibrunebas. amis magaliTebia leqsebi: „ar

daRupula“, „alvis xis gadarCena“, „muxebi“, poema „mSvidobis wigni“, romelSic

naCvenebia uRmerTo epoqis kataklizmebi da mere isev uzenaesis Ziebisa da povnis

procesi.

87

„saRamos“ saxe–simboloebi

galaktion tabiZis lirikaSi erT–erTi idumalebiT gamorCeuli leqsia „saRamo“

(1915 w.). kontrasulia misi saxeebi. erTi mxriv: grigali, saRamo, civi elva, gvalva,

SemoRamebis celi, jvarTan misuli suro; meore mxriv, macxovari, dedofali alva,

karis RvTismSobeli, jvarze gakruli elva, lurji yvavilebi, uxilav–faruli.

leqsis logika impresionistulia, anu, erTi SexedviT, alogikuri, masSi

ganxorcielebulia saTqmelis bolomde daumTavreblobis, miniSnebis principi.

mTlianobaSi, leqsidan miRebuli STabeWdilebiT, raRac diads, amaRlebuls,

ideals Telavs cxovreba, magram am negatiuri movlenebisagan ganapirebuli

poetisaTvis mudam maxlobeli da SesamCnevia „sxvisTvis uxilav–faruli“.

garemoSi, sadac damcirebulia wminda ocneba, mainc arsebobs macxovris SiSi,

romelic ayruebs miwier gniass: „mTis gagiJebul ruebs RviiT, ZenZiT da qviSiT,

grigali daayruebs macxovrisadmi SiSiT“.

Semdeg striqonebSi monacvleobaa gvalvis, wvimis, „civi elvis“, romelsac

dauRunavs, daumdablebia „dedofali alva“:

„da dedofali alva

elvam daRuna civma.

ase gavida gvalva,

ase movida wvima.“

RvTismSoblis karis eklesiis, romelzedac saubaria leqsSi, amkobs jvari, lomi,

kuro, farSevangebi.

„zariT atexil grigals“ marmariloTa fiqals afarebs daviT narinis jvari.

mTlianad es savane „angelozTa Tvalis Suria“ Tavisi sidiadiT.

vin aris civi elvisagan daRunuli dedofali alva?

am saxesTan misvla mogviwevs Sori gziT.

dedoflis wyaroebs mravlad vipoviT Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi, sasuliero

poeziis wiaRSi.

mivmarToT fsalmuns: „taxti Seni, RmerTo, ukuniTi ukunisamdea, simarTlis

kverTxia kverTxi Seni meufebisa“ (fs. 44/5,7). „Sens marjvniv dadga dedofali

ofiris oqroTi Semkuli“ (fs. 44-45, 10).

fsalmunis am frazaSi RvTismetyvelebi mariam RvTismSoblis xatebas xedaven: „vin

aris is dedofali, romelzedac aq aris laparaki da romelic mesiis gverdiT

dauyenebiaT? ra Tqma unda, im Zis, im mesiis deda, sxva vin unda iyos mesiis

gverdiT mdgomare qali?“ (1,152).

sasuliero poeziaSi mariami aris „didebuli deda, dedofali, dabadebulTa

dedofali, yovladwminda dedofali“ (2, 31, 257, 597).

dedofali ewodeba mariams filipes „beTlemis sagalobelSi“ (3,494).

88

nikoloz gulaberiZis „galobani suetisa cxovelisani“ mariams warmogvidgens,

rogorc „wminda dedofals“ (4, 599).

daviT aRmaSeneblis „galobani sinanulisanis“ mixedviT, mariami aris „qalwuli

deda, dedofali“ (5,29).

daviT guramiSvilis „daviTianSi“ mariams ewodeba „didi dedofali“ (6,21).

mivmarToT ucxour literaturasac.

dantesTvis mariami aris „dedofali cis sabrZanisis, zenari deda“ (7 ,407).

goeTes „faustSi“ mariami gvevlineba, rogorc „cis dedofali“, „wminda qalwuli“,

„diadi deda“ (8, 576).

galaktionis „saRamoSi“ figurirebs ara ubralod dedofali, aramed „dedofali

alva“.

bibliaSi alva sicocxlis xis simboloa, sicocxlis xes ki saRvTo saxelad

miiCneven.

„saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi „xe cxovrebisa ZiriTadad uflis alegoriuli

saxeli an misi metaforaa, magram gamonaklisis saxiT SevxvdebiT mas mariamis

simbolodac“ (6,122).

aseTi orgvari gageba aqvs am saxes galaktionis poeziaSic. „saRamos“ „dedofali

alva“, romelic ixseneba macxovarTan erTad, rogorc karis RvTismSoblis

eklesiis Semamkobeli, ueWvelad mariam RvTismSobelia. igi dauRunavs „civ elvas“,

anu daumdablebia RmerTisuarmyofel epoqas.

leqsis „ZelSi“ (igive sicocxlis Ze) qriste amoicnoba, romlis naTebasac

„SemoRamebis celma“ daado raza, anu akrZala misi xsenebac:

„an gaocebas, rasac marad anTebs Zeli,

isev daadebs razas SemoRamebis celi“.

magram erTia ukeTurTa mier droebiT dabnelebuli sinamdvile da sxva aris

„aTasis mxedvelobis“ mqone poeti, romelic asomTavruliviT Wvrets sxvisTvis

SeumCnevels:

„an rogorc asamTavruls

mudam SevamCnev caze

sxvisTvis uxilav–faruls.

me rad gelodi ase“.

„uxilavi“ da „faruli“, romelsac asomTavruliviT sulis TvaliT amCnevs poeti,

aris RmerTi. CavxedoT biblias: „WeSmaritad, Sen xar RmerTi dafaruli“ (esaia

winaswarmetyveli, T. 45, 15).

mivmarToT axal aRTqmasac: „saukuneTa mefes, uxrwnel, uxilav,erTaderT RmerTs –

mas dideba da pativi ukuniTi ukunisamde“ (pavle mociqulis I werili timoTes, I,7).

galaktionis mowiweba ekuTvnis agreTve mariams – „lurj das“, romelic

qristesaviT jvarzea gakruli urwmuno epoqis mier, uRmerTobis bacilebiT

mowamluli axalgazrdoba ki Telavs „lurj yvavilebs“:

„jvarze gakruli elva

89

es Cemi daa lurji.

lurj yvavilebis Telva,

axalgazrdoba urCi“.

am strofSi mTavari azrobrivi aqcentis matarebeli saxeebia: „jvarze gakruli

elva“ da „lurji yvavilebi“.

elvisa da jvris asocirebas, elvis warmodgenas uflis saxed xSirad vxvdebiT

sasuliero poeziaSi: „ufalo, viTarca elvai, gamobrwyindis aRmosavliT juari

Seni“ (9, 41).

magram elva mariamis simboluri saxelicaa: „RmrTismSobelo... elvis saxed

ganmanaTlebelo“ – wers nikoloz gulaberiZe (3, 541).

galaktionis leqsis „jvarze gakruli elva“ aris mariami. igi, rogorc qristes

jvarcmis mayurebeli, TviTonac jvarcmulia, amasTan, meoredac jvarcmuli

uRmerTo epoqaSi.

dis saxiT mariamis warmodgenis wyaro usaTuod solomonis „qebaTa qebaa:“ „baRi

xar daxSuli, sZalo, dao Cemo, Wa dagmanuli, wyaro dabeWdili“ („qebaTa qeba“, 4,12).

leqsSi „roca garSemo Rame bnelia“ galaktioni Tavis Tavs ucxo asulis (mariamis)

„marad Zmobils“ uwodebs.

„saRamos“ „lurji yvavili“ qristes simboloa.

„vardi, yvavili sasuliero literaturaSi macxovris da RvTismSoblis bunebis

gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba“ (10, 31).

galaktionis leqsSi „lurj yvavils“ Telavs urwmunoTa Taoba.

yvavilis gauCinareba, damsxvreva, daSxamva, gayinva, gaTelva, gardacvaleba

mravalgzis gvxvdeba galaktionis poeziaSi da saRmrTo siyvarulis uaryofas

moaswavebs.

saanalizo leqsis saTauri „saRamo“ sulieri mwuxris macnea, rogorc „atmis

yvavilebis“ mzis Casvla, an mzis gardacvaleba leqsSi „mas gaxelili darCa

Tvalebi“. „saRamo“ dawerilia 1915 wels. es dro aRiniSneba antiqristeTa TareSiT.

„saRamoSi“ „jvarTan misuli suro martooba qnaris“, xolo leqsSi – „Semodgoma

umanko Casaxebis mamaTa savaneSi“ – „Tebervals uxmoben, Tebervals samreklos

jvaridan yvavebi“.

asociacia Cndeba k. gamsaxurdias novelasTan fotografi“ (11, 93), romelSic

wiTelCoxianma xats esrola, Savma frinvelma ki jvari CamoiRo eklesiis

gumbaTidan. gvaxsendeba aseve „mTvaris motacebaSi“ aRwerili antireligiuri

procesiebi (12, 54).

mokled, galaktionis „saRamos“ dedaazri isaa, rom „dedofali alva“ (mariami)

„civi elviT“ (epoqis uRmerTobiT) damcirebulia, axalgazrdoba Telavs „lurj

yvavilebs“ (RmerTis rwmenas), jvarTan suro midis da yovelive es qnars – poezias

mwuxarebiT avsebs. msgavsi Tema galaktionis mraval leqsSia simbolurad

damuSavebuli („koSki“, „atmis yvavilebi“, „mimRere rame..“).

literatura

90

1. ioane–iona, „ra unda vakeToT“ Tb., 1994.

2. nevmirebuli Zlispirni, 1980.

3. Cveni saunje, t. I. 1960.

4. Cveni saunje, t. I. 1960.

5. daviT aRmaSenebeli, galobani sinanulisani, Tb., 1989w.

6. t. mosia, saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1996.

7. dante, RvTaebrivi komedia, Tb., 1941.

8. goeTe, fausti, 1962.

9. i. minCxis poezia, Tb., 1987.

10. t. mosia, saRvTo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1995.

11. k. gamsaxurdia, Txzulebani 20 tomad. t. I. 1992.

12. k. gamsaxurdia, mTvaris motaceba, Tb., 1990.

„avdris molodini“

galaktion tabiZis socialur-politikuri da filosofiuri mrwamsi Cveni saukunis

aTiani wlebidanve sayuradReboa. poeti utyuari intuiciiT ayuradebda movlenaTa

ganviTarebas da amouwuravi mxatvruli arsenalis axal-axal brwyinvalebas

avlenda ganumeorebeli mxatvruli saxeebiT, romlebSic kodiviT Cadebulia misi

urTulesi msoflmxedvelobis gasaRebi.

epoqis mTel kataklizmebs aireklavs galaktionis Semoqmedeba, Tanadroulobis

yovel movlenas daerqmeva Tavisi namdvili saxeli poetis gardacvalebamde, 1959

wlamde, meoce saukunis meore naxevris gzebic ganiWvriteba sulieri „ganaTebis

wamebSi“, rac qarTvel orfeoss srul uflebas aZlevs yovelgvari gadaWarbebis

gareSe ganacxados: „am wignSi mTeli saukunis vipove bina“.

„Rrma sibrZniT Tvalanaxeli“ poeti sagnebs, movlenebs, maT „mizezTa mizezs“

eZebda, bibliuri winaswarmetyvelebiviT evlineboda xilvebi, romlebic momavals

ucdomlad mianiSnebdnen. ritorikis, mWevrmetyvelebis, mSrali cnebebiT

azrovnebis uarmyofeli galaktioni „rkiniseburi leqsebis RvarSi“ „brolis

ritmiT“, zeciuri musikiT gvatkbobda, sinamdvilis dafarul SreebSi gvaxedebda,

ganuWvretel qaosSi im WeSmaritebebs agnebda, romelTa mikvleva mxolod

erTeulT, suliwmidis madliT cxebulT xelewifebaT. mTeli misi urTulesi

lirika aris xidis gadeba uzenaesTan, siyvarulTan, cis da miwis Seqmnel

RmerTTan, romelic aris rogorc samyaros, ise sulis xuroTmoZRvari.

wiwamuris tragediiT gamofxizlebulma poetma yovelgvari niRbis gareSe ixila

social-demokratTa momavali saxe, maTi socialuri da sulieri profili.

„cis Svils“, zeciuri vardis baRisa da sulieri venaxis mcvels, gansakuTrebiT

aRaSfoTebda sisxli, romelic iRvreboda samarTlianobis saxeliT, ver egueboda

pretenziebs, saqmianobas RmerTismgmobeli urCi Taobisa, romelic Seubraleblad

Telavda aramarto daxavsebuls, dromoWmuls, aramed mozardsac, wmindasac da

91

gvauwyebda qristianuli moralis kriziss, antiqristes movlinebas, momavali cru

RmerTebis, kerpebis saxiT rom gauswordeboda yovel morwmunes.

ra bedi eweoda zeciuri mamis mgmobel ers, ra eloda mwife mtevnebs mevenaxis

gareSe, morwyul baRs, Tu mebaRe uariyofoda? es wuxili jer kidev aTian wlebSi

vlindeba galaktionis poeziaSi („gadanaxuli droSebi“ – 1908 w. „mimRere rame“ –

1912 w. „elegia“ – 1914 w. „samreklo udabnoSi“ – 1914 w. „koSki“ – 1915 w. „atmis

yvavilebi“ – 1915 w. da sxv.).

galaktions, rogorc winaswarmetyvel poets, aforiaqebda momavlis xilvebi,

molodinTa siaxle, lodini bednierebis, ganaxlebis, gadarCenis, avdris, omebis.

mTavari is aris, rom arasodes gacruebula misi winaswarWvreta.

„avdris molodini“ erT-erTi iseTi intuiciiT gaalebuli leqsia, Sig gulSi rom

moiniSnavs samiznes. igi 1916 wels daiwera da Taviseburad, udiadesi mxatvruli

saxeebiT SegvagrZnobinebs RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis konturebs. leqsis dasawyis

striqonebSive ixateba saRmrTo siyvaruli, ia-zambaxis TovliT ganaTebuli poetis

suli, misi samyaros „daraji mzeTunaxavi da mkrTali saxis” alva:

„warsulma Ramem Sens fanjarSi

daTova Tovli ia-zambaxis.

Seni alva dgas, rogorc daraji,

mzeTunaxavi da mkrTali saxis“.

ia, zambaxi qristianuli saRmrTo saxelebia. iis wyali, iiT mfeTqavi Tvalebi,

iebiT dafaruli xanjali galaktionis leqsSi RvTaebrivi saTnoebis

gamomxatvelia, zambaxis princesa, zambaxis Tasi, zambaxeuli simaRle – mariam

RvTismSoblis simboloebia.

alvis xis mravalnairi gaazrebis magaliTebs vipoviT galaktionis poeziaSi:

alvebi TovlSi, alvis xis suli, alvis xis gadarCena, poemis saxeli – alva da

suro.

alva sicocxlis xis sinonimuri saxelia, sicocxlis xe ki RmerTis simboloa

bibliaSi, sasuliero poeziaSi, daviT guramiSvilis „daviTianSi“ (t. mosia „saRvTo

saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1995 w. g. 120-121).

sulieri, zeciuri xis RmerTis saxelad gagebis magaliTebi uxvad aris Zveli da

axali aRTqmis wignebSi. mivmarToT zogierT maTgans: „me amwvanebuli alva var,

Cemgan geqneba Sen nayofi“ (osia, 13,9).

„eklis adgilze alvis xe amova da qacvis adgilze murti amova da iqneba

uflisTvis saxelad da saukuno niSnad, romelic ar waiSleba“ (esaia, 155,13).

„avdris molodinSi“, alvasTan erTad, sicocxlis xed gvevlineba vazi:

„nel lerwebiT da vazis mtevnebiT

miyvars qalwulis dagvirgvineba.

warsuls Cven aRar davedevnebiT

da arc cremlebi dagvedineba“

92

„venaxi, vazi qristes, RvTismSoblis, wminda mamebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli

simbolikaa sasuliero mwerlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT himnografiaSi“ (t. mosia,

„saRvTo saxismetyveleba“, 1995 w. gv. 35).

„saxarebis „venaxi WeSmariti“ aris qriste: „me var venaxi WeSmariti da mama Cemi

moqmedi ars“ (ioane, 15,1).

sayuradReboa Zveli aRTqmis venaxi da misi yvavili: „me viTarca venaxman,

aRmovacene madli da yuavili Cemi, nayofi didebisa da simdidrisa“ (ziraqis

sibrZne, 1,6).

bibliaSi zeciuri, sulieri vazis paralelurad, miwis vazic xarobs: „cabaoT

uflis venaxi israelis saxli da iudas saxlia, misi sanatreli nergi“ (esaia, 5,1).

mevenaxe ki RmerTia: „me ufali mcveli var misi, yovelwams varwyuleb da vicav

dRiTa da RamiT, rom aravin daazianos“ (esaia, 27,3).

galaktionis „avdris molodinSi“ lerwebi da „mwife mtevnebi“ gulisxmobs

qristes, romliTac dagvirgvinebulia qalwuli mariami.

qalwulis mier Ze RmerTis movlineba Zveli aRTqmis wignebSivea

nawinaswarmetyvelebi: „Tavad mogcems meufe niSans: aha, mucladiRebs qalwuli da

Sobs Zes da uwodebs saxelad emanuils (CvenTan ars RmerTi)“ (esaia, 7,14).

„verxvebSi“ galaktionma princesa-mariami yvaviliT (qristeTi) dagvirgvinebulad

warmosaxa, „avdris molodinSi“ ki igi lerwebiT da vazis mtevnebiT aris

dagvirgvinebuli. lerwic, totic saRmrTo saxelia.

gvirgvinis araerTi wyaro daiZebneba bibliaSi: „gvirgvini daadgi Seni sikeTis

zafxuls“ (fs.64/65, 12).

galaktionis leqsSi Cndeba SiSi mwife mtevnebis bedis gamo, Tu amindi Seicvala,

mebaRe (RmerTi) Tu ar movida, qarisagan daileweba nayofi:

„am mwife mtevnebs dalewavs qari,

Tu mwifobisTvem Secvala dari,

mebaRem mosvla Tu ar ineba!“

mebaRisa da mevenaxis daviwyebam serafimis keTilis sulis qsovili dafliTa, civi

wvimiT danamuli suli ki qaris, qorisa da arwivis sauflo gaxda:

„Sen suli gqonda ise keTili,

oh! serafimis cisferi suli!

exla daRlili da dafleTili

aris qsovili fermiRebuli,

vis daifaravs susti qsovili?

verc Sen da verc sxvas... civia wvima!

qsovili wvimis cvrebiT soveli

waiRo qarma, qorma, arwivma“.

nislsa da qarSi daexeteba mwuxare fiqrebi da miacilebs „Zvel gazafxulis

mRelvare suni“:

„es mwuxare da mwveli zuzuni

93

mihyveba fiqrebs nislSi da qarSi!

Zvel gazafxulis mRelvare suni

mihyveba fiqrebs nislSi da qarSi“.

zafxuli Zveli qarTuli eniT gazafxuls niSnavs da saRmrTo saxelia: „gvirgvini

daadgi Seni sikeTis zafxuls“ (fs. 64/65,12).

„avdris molodinidan“ Cans, rom mxolod poetis sulSi ifrqveva „gazafxulis“

suni, realobaSi ki daWrili Rrublidan gamomavali Camavali mzis momakvdavi

alebia:

„Camavali mzis momakvdav alebs

isvris Rrubeli da daRliloba.

mTebs, irmebs, Svelebs, xevs da napralebs

awuxebT Rrublis mZime Wriloba“.

mze saRmrTo saxelia: „mze da faria ufali RmerTi“ (fs. 83/84,13).

Camavali mze da misi momakvdavi alebi gvauwyebs RmerTze uaris Tqmas

mefistofelis saukuneSi.

galaktionis poeziaSi RmerTis uaryofis mniSvnelobiT mravalgzis gvxvdeba mzis

Casvla, mzis Caqroba, mziani Ramis dakargva, landad qceuli, Tu qimerebSi

Cavardnili mze.

daWrili Rrubeli mariamis simboloa. es saxe moaswavebs RvTis dedis

Seuwynareblobas ukuRmarT droSi.

galaktionis simboluri Rrublis winamorbedia uZvelesi iadgaris da maTes

saxarebis „Rrubeli naTlisa“, „sulmcire Rrubeli („nevmirebuli Zlispirni“, 501).

„sulmcire niSnavs msubuqs, mCates, SeniSnavs prof. t. mosia („saRvTismSoblo

saxismetyveleba“, 1996 w. gv. 114-115).

am erT leqsSi ramdenime saRmrTo saxels vecnobiT: ia, alva, lerwebi, vazis

mtevnebi, mebaRe, Zveli gazafxuli, mze.

„avdris molodinis“ Canafiqris gacnobiereba gvarwmunebs, rom naTelmxilveli

poetisaTvis TandaTan cxadi xdeboda epoqis warmmarTveli tendenciebi, sulis

satanuri gadasxvafereba, RmerTisa da RvTismSoblis dagmoba, sikeTis, saTnoebis

jvarcma, kosmiuri sicivis gabatoneba, avdris zeimi, rasac sxva leqsebSic

araerTgzis daafiqsirebs galaktioni, raTa borotebis avbediTi aCrdili

daafrTxos da gamoafxizlos „ZilquSis suliT“ Sepyrobili sazogadoeba.

avdris mosvlaSi globalur kataklizmebs gulisxmobda t. graneli: „ca

iRrubleba, modis avdari, me damaqvs sevda Cveni planetis“.

„dominos“ problematika da saxeebi

94

galaktion tabiZis lirika gamoirCeva idumalebiT, enigmebiT, urTulesi

metaforuli saxeebiT, romelTa umetesoba dakavSirebulia msoflmxedvelobasTan

da poetis qristianul koncefciaze migvaniSnebs. erT-erTi aseTi gamocanebiT savse,

naklebad Seswavlili leqsia „domino“, romlis Sesaxebac ar arsebobs erTiani,

dasabuTebuli mosazreba da es kidev ufro zrdis mis mimarT interess.

galaktionma imTaviTve scada Tavisi poeturi gzebis moZieba (“sad?“) da gansazRvra,

daakonkreta kidec mTavari Tu meorexarisxovani orientirebi. misi gza

„dausrulebloba“ iyo. mSobliuri WyviSis gza „wminda gzas“, „iisfer gzas“,

„vercxlisfer bilikebs“ aedevna, gamoCnda saocnebo „gza maradisiT ganalandari“.

poets ewada „CrdiloeTis da samxreTis“ („niavi, ia, nargizi“) gzebis ganWvreta.

„mzis saTavemde“ mimaval gzaze iyo „maia, deda msoflios“, „frTebi eladaTa

sibrZnis demonis“, egviptis genia, „himalais mwvervalTa gzebi“ („poema vefxvisa“),

sparsuli gazelebi („Semodgoma umanko Casaxebis mamaTa savaneSi“), dasavleTis

qarebi, yinuli, „aRmosavleTi ferebSi sxmuli“, gaRviZebis stadiaSi myofi

aRmosavleTi – „axali drois hamleti“ („aRmosavleTi“).

poeti iyo edgar pos aCrdilis „Tanaziari“ („saubari edgarze“), novalisis cisferi

yvavilis maZiebeli („es iyo 15 wlis winaT“), Caild-Caroldis wamosasxamiT da

hamletis niRbiT movlenili msoflio sevdis raindi („hamletis qnariT“), goeTes

faustis ideebiT gatacebuli, Sori yinuliT ganawamebi, „Tovlis niRabis“

avtorTan Sexmianebuli. is da bloki iyvnen „paladinebi erTi imedis“.

qarTvelma poetma ver igua „mokakane Taris“ xma, Wianuris qviTini, Siqastebi,

aRmosavluri baiaTebi („igi omia“, „mTvaris Crdili baRs efina qargad“). modioda

axali eresi, „SemoRamebis celi“ emuqreboda arsebobas, magram poetis locvis

xmebi axSobda satanurs, uzenaesis lodinis simReras aRavlenda, alvis xis,

vardebis gadarCenaze zrunavda (alva, vardi saRmrTo saxelebia) da qmnida

„gadarCenis himns“, umReroda „gadarCenis bednierebas“.

gadasarCeni ki bevri ram iyo, upirvelesad, rwmenis umTavresi mteri iyo

CrdiloeTis yinulovani monstri, „mgmobari megobari“, „mteri meore“. poetma

ganicada „okeane, Sori yinuli“, ixila yinulovani qveyana, yinulis qalaqi,

„yinulis sasaxleTa munjni grovani“, yinulis koSkebi, yinulis mTebi, yinulovani

garemocva, romelic gzas ketavda saocnebo edemisken („SexedeT, miwa“).

„miuRweveli mwvane napirebi“ Semosili iyo „Zveli TovliT da yinviT“, „elvare

TovlSi“ mieqaneboda TeTri marxili, „TeTr avdarSi“ „elami“ iyo mze („oforti“),

„Tovlis ferumarili“ ecxo yovelives. tkioda Tovlad saxeldebuli samSoblo,

Tovliani iyo alva, suls yinavda „ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebi“, gayinuli iyo ca,

„TeTrad spetaki, magram marad Savi“ guli, gayinuli iyo mxedari. ianvris Tovlma

dauWkno sulis naadrevi iebi („samreklo udabnoSi“), „mwuxare Tovlis“ samefoSi

gaamgzavra „feradma gemma“ („guli grZnobs“).

iyo „bneli Tova“, luciferis landi („ver gaigones“), Savi Tovli („Semodgoma

umanko Casaxebis mamaTa savaneSi“), sulSi Tovli iyo „iribi, almaceri“, („Tovli

iyo iribi, almaceri“), Tovlisagan silisTvis minebebuli novalisis yvavili,

„saukuneTa Tovli“ („warwera xovles ornamentze“), fifqiT mtroba („domino“), „gza,

dafenili msxverpliT, cxedrebiT da sisxliT sveli, gza, sasikvdilo

gadaTeTrebiT“, mwuxarebis gamo „daZmobilebuli Ramis tye-veli“, nazarevelis

95

gareSe arseboba („samSoblo Savi liuciferis“), calTvala mefistofelis saukune

(„brma cali TvaliT“).

mis mSobliur gzebze gazafxulismagvari zamTris Tovli modioda, iyo Tovlis

kravebis, Tovlis madonas, iisferi da vardisferi Tovlis xibli, realobaSi ki

suls uSfoTebda „maTi mindori, maTi nislebi da burusebi“... natrobda, gascloda

„maT Tovlebs“, zamTars, eZebda mSobliur TibaTves, Cvens napirs („918“),

sinamdvileSi ki moucilebeli iyo „Tovlis mxare, nisliani mTa da bari, sicive da

mRvrie dari“ („mRvrie qari“), „nawvimar silaSi“ egdo ocnebis vardi.

saocnebo sasaxlemde mravali karibWe iyo gasavleli. „dominos“ mixedviT, poeti

Sevida „dawyevlili samaris“ minamgvan saSiSar sasaxleSi, sadac mkvdrebis

landebi rialebdnen da haerSic sikvdilis suni igrZnoboda:

„SevdivarT sasaxleSi.

wmindao, damicev!

suroSi, saSiSrad mivardnil kedlebiT

es saxli magonebs dawyevlil samares:

aq mkvdrebi dahqrian zRapruli raSebiT

da bedis etlebiT, haeri sikvdiliT dafares...“ (1, 88).

am bneli sasaxlis mTavari binadari iyo „dRegrZeli moxuci“, aTasgvari wamlis

Sezavebis da Selocvis ostati, „fermkrTali qalebis“ garemocviT. am grZneuli

pirovnebis Tanamdevi iyo „sanTlebis, wignebis wyevla da vedreba!.. risxva!

amxedreba!“.

„gandegil cxovrebiT dRegrZeli

moxuci cxovrobda aq erT dros.

vin iyo? saxeli aravin icoda.

aTasgvar wamliT da SelocviT eZebda

bednier samkvidros da

mudam faruli RelvebiT iwvoda...

mis Tvalwin qariviT dgebodnen

yovelRam fermkrTali qalebi,

sanTlebis, wignebis wyevla da vedreba!

isini tirodnen, isini rekavdnen Tvalebis rkalebiT,

risxva! amxedreba!“

vfiqrobT, Zalze sayuradRebo, mTavari aqcentis matarebeli frazaa „sanTlebis,

wignebis wyevla da vedreba!“

wigni uflis metaforuli saxelia. galaktionis „mSvidobis wignSi“ misi

variaciebia: „uZvelesi wigni, uaxlesi wigni, wigni – sicocxle, wigni – sindisi,

mSvidobis wigni, wigni cis da dedamiwis, Cveni wyvdiadis da ganTiadis wigni,

maradis manaTobeli, Zvirfasze Zvirfasi wigni, wigni – mxneoba, wigni – saamo, wigni

– simarTlis mcveli, wigni – viTarca asomTavruli“.

aseTive gagebisaa poetis maradiuli wigni („saSveli qveynad aRar yofila“),

erTaderTi wigni („Semodgoma“), wigni vedrebiani („gviani ocneba“). poeti hpirdeba

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samSoblos im uZvelesi da uaxlesi wignis dacvas („mSobliuri Cemo miwav“).

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba agreTve „Savi wigni“ („xelovneba“, „magida

alembikebiT“), romelic sikvdilis wignis identuria. „wigni da xmeli Tavis qala“.

(„portreti“) poeziisa da sikvdilis dapirispirebas gulisxmobs iseve, rogorc

poetis meore wignis saxelwodeba: „Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT“.

galaktionis saRvTo Sinaarsis wignis wyarod gvesaxeba esaia winaswarmetyveli,

romelic qristes movlinebas aRiqvams, rogorc dabeWdili wignis sityvebis

gaxmianebas: „iqneba mTeli es xilva, rogorc dabeWdili wignis sityvebi. gaigoneben

im dRes yruebi wignis sityvebs da brmaTa Tvalebi bnelidan da ukuneTidan

gamoixedaven“(esaia winaswarmetyveli) (2, 94).

analogiuri gagebisaa natari avgustines „aRsarebis“ maradiuli wigni: „arasdros

ar daixeva maTi wigni, arasdros ar aixeva maTi gragnili imitom, rom TviT xar,

ufalo, es wigni maTTvis da am wignadve hgieb ukunisamde“ (3, 217).

wignis saxeSi RmerTi amoicno dantem da mas uwoda „sanukveli wigni“, „diadi

wigni“.

galaktionis „mSvidobis wignSi“ eris yovelgvari ubedureba axsnilia „mSvidobis

wignis“ (RmerTis) uaryofiT da mxolod masTan mibrunebis Semdgom xdeba

sabediswero problemebis mogvareba. poetebis mefe gvafrTxilebs, rom WeSmariti

rwmenis uaryofa da orientirebis areva, kerpebis gaidealeba, satanisturi seqtebis

wevroba dausjelad ar Caivlis: „Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls sdevs mxolod

wyevla da SeCveneba“ („Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls“).

sanTeli, sanTeli naTlisa sasuliero poeziaSi aris RmerTis simbolo.

„dominos“ moxucis xvedria „wyevla, risxva, amxedreba“, rac miniSnebaa WeSmariti

RmerTis dakargviT mosalodnel safrTxeze. aSkara xdeba, rom „aTasgvar wamliT

da SelocviT“ gatacebuli dRegrZeli moxuci erT-erTi „sakuTari nebiT

gawinaswarmetyvelebuli“ is cru winaswarmetyvel-misanTagania, romelsac dasjiT

emuqreba RmerTi ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebaSi:

„...vai cru-winaswarmetyvelT, romlebic sakuTar suls mihyvebian da araferi

uxilavT!

„naoxar adgilebSi rom meliebi arian, imaT hgvanan Seni winaswarmetyvelni,

israelo!“

„maTi xilvebi fuWia da maTi misnoba sicrue. ki amboben, ufalma Tqvao, magram

ufals ar mouvlenia isini. irwmunebian, axdebao Cveni sityva.

„raki fuWs laparakobT da sicrues xedavT, amitomac, aha, Tqveni winaaRmdegi var,

ambobs ufali RmerTi.

„iqneba Cemi xeli fuWmxilvel winaswarmetyvelTa da sicruis misanTa winaaRmdeg.

Cemi eris sabWoSi ar iqnebian isini, israelis saxlis wignSi ar Caiwerebian da

israelis miwaze ver mivlen.

„swored imis gamo, rom acduneben Cems ers, rom eubnebian, mSvidobao da ar aris

mSvidoba, Cemi xalxi kedels aSenebs da, aha, eseni kiriT lesaven.

„uTxariT mlesavT, Camowveba-Tqo Tqveni kedeli. wamova Tavsxma da, Tqven, yinulis

qvebo, CamocvivdebiT da qariSxali amovardeba“ (ezekieli).

„grZneuli Semlocvelis“ aseTive gafrTxilebaa esaia winaswarmetyvelTan:

„grZneul Semlocvels dasjis ufali“ (4, 383).

„cru sibrZnis“ winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebda galaktioni („puSkini parizSi“).

97

„dominos“ lirikuli personaJi sulier sazrdos ver hpovebs grZneuli moxucis

jadosnur saxlSi da igonebs rwmeniT gajerebul warsuls, mas mudam axsovs „erTi

Sori ocneba.. Zvel motividan“ („gulo ra gemarTeba?“).

poeti itanjeba „sayvareli aCrdilebis“ gauCinarebiT, „saocari Senobisgan“

gaucxoebuli „idumali dominos“ wyurviliT:

„aq xSirad vxedavdi sayvarel aCrdilebs:

uecari gaxela, saocari Senoba,

rogor movandomino.

mesmis ucxo saxeli,

mtanjavs me uSenoba,

idumalo domino!“

Senoba da sasaxle mravalnairia galaktionis poeziaSi: „yinulis sasaxleTa munjni

grovani“ („SexedeT miwa!“), „mefis sasaxle – sisaZagle“ („sul male“), sasaxle –

aRfrTovanebis mona („aTrobda xalxTa mwuxareba“), ucnauri sasaxle, romlisgan

ganSoreba aryofnis tolfardia („ucnauri sasaxle“), landebis sasaxle („saubari

edgarze“), siyvarulis sasaxle („mova... magram rodis“). arsebobs kidev sasurveli

„saxli-saunje“ („mSvidobis wigni“). poeti aris mgosani RmerTis da ara ama qveynis

ZlierTa, miwier TavadTa mexotbe. is mxolod rwmenis, RmerTis monaa: „Tu mona xar,

mona isev sakuTari rwmenis“ („idea“).

galaktionis wignis furclebSi „dahqris misi sasaxlis landi“ („Rrublebi oqros

amurebiT“) anu poetis wignSi davanebulia RmerTis landi iseve, rogorc „momavlis

Crdili“ („mimRere rame“). poetis mxatvruli qmnilebebis Zalmosilebas

gvagrZnobinebs „axal-axali sasaxle“ („maRal mTazeda“).

„dominos“ sasaxlis moxuci, „aTasgvar wamals da Selocvas“ rom mimarTavda,

okultistia, „grZeuli Semlocveli“ (esaia), „sicruis misani“ (ezekieli), romelsac

asdevnebia „sanTlebis, wignebis wyevla da vedreba„, igi „risxvas, amxedrebas“

imsaxurebs.

poets uecrad „saocar SenobaSi“ aexileba Tvali, itanjeba „idumali dominos“

monatrebiT, irgvliv ki nairgvari niRbebi rialeben, Tumca ver Crdilaven

umTavress – uwindel, udiades cas:

„araferi eSvela:

niRabebi wiTeli, niRabebi aTasi!

magram me momeCvena Cemi ca uwindeli,

ufro udiadesi“.

„ca,caTa ca, sulieri ca, caTa uvrcelesi, caTa umaRlesi mariam RvTismSoblis

simboluris saxelia“ (5, 119-120).

niRbebis karnavalSi „Cveni uwindeli, udiadesi cis“ mozmaneba uflis dedis

monatrebis mimaniSnebelia. galaktioni xedavda „iqaur cas“ („iqauri ca foTliT

qsovili“ – „gobeleni“), darwmunebuli iyo, rom „aris wminda ca SuqiT mgznebare“

(„grZnobaTa ferfli“). „iqauri cis“ brwyinvalebiT netarebda terenti graneli:

(„ra brwyinvalea ca iqauri“...). RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragedias gamoxatavda

98

galaktioni „damwvari cis“, „gacrecili da mtvriani cis“, „dalewili cis“,

„dangreuli zecis“ saxeebiT.

galaktions Ziebis procesSi mravali niRabi mousinjavs, magram mxolod

sasurvelis niRabSi grZnobda Tavs daculad da, rac umTaresia, SeeZlo niRbis

sulis gaTaviseba:

„Cemi roli niRabiT

iyo suli niRabis“ („bnel qimerebSi“).

„dominoSi“ Zieba, xedvis gamZafreba idealis xelebis lands afiqsirebs, xolo

cisartyelebis gamoCena sasikeTo feriscvalebis macned isaxeba:

„landad Canda xelebi da geZebdi TvalebiT.

dRaluli TvalebiT! rekdnen cisartyelebi

feris Cumi cvalebiT da mZafri gamalebiT“.

cisartyela, irise xan iesos, xan mariamis simboluri saxelia (5, 118).

ufals locva-vedreba aRevlineba („wmindao, damicev“), raTa ganaridos im

dawyevlil, saSiSar, samarismagvar saxls, romelsac mxolod sikvdili moaqvs:

„qalTa xmaSi faruli, yvavilebis suroTi, Tovlis fer–umarili, gafiTrebis

suraTi da Tvalebis wyvdiadi da sicilis fereba–rogorc yru baiaTi–fifqiT

damemtereba“.

„Tvalebis wyvdiadi“ borotebas SegvagrZnobinebs, igi „yru baiTis“, „fifqiT

mtrobis“... konteqtsSi jdeba. „idumali domino“ ki sinaTlis momfenia, gansxvavebiT

„Savi idumalebisagan“, „fardebis SrialSi“ rom gvxvdeba.

„Tovlis“ fer–umarili“ gafiTrebas moaswavebs, leqsis lirikul gmirs aZrwunebs

aRmosavluri „yru baiTi“, „Tovlis ferumarili“ da „fifqiT mtroba“, detalebiT

miniSnebaa arsebiTze–Tovlian samyaroze, romelic cdilobda daeviwyebina Cveni

„udiadesi ca“ da „idumali domino“. pirveli saxe („Tovlis ferumarili“, „fifqiT

mtroba“) qaragmaa Tovlian–yinuliani iperiisa, romelic angrevda rwmenis sasaxles

da yinulis, sicarielis, sikvdilis saxlSi gvepatiJeboda. „yru baiTi“ anu Cveni

aRmosavluri istoriuli mtris cru religiac iseve Rupavda suls, rogorc

yinulovani samefos aTeistTa urwmunoeba.

leqsi 1916 wliT TariRdeba. esaa marqsizmis, social–demokratiis uRmerTobis,

aTeisturi satanizmis zeimis periodi. poeti xedavda mis Sabnel Zalas da RmerTs

(wmindas) evedreboda Cvens sulTan wilnayari „uwindeli, udiadesi cis“

ZalmosilebisaTvis Seewyo xeli.

„dominoSi“ Tu wyevlas, „risxvas, amxedrebas“ imsaxureben saSiSari sasaxle da

misi binadarni, poeti miesalmeba „saocar SenobaSi“ zambaxis princesis – (mariamis)

xelebis TiTebis gaelvebas, „daCrdilul beWeds“, amasTan, am gamyinveli samefos

siaxlovis miuxedavad, poetis arseba didebis sadguria: „oh, vici: sicividan

terfamde var dideba!“

dante evedreboda uzenaess: „didebis Senis natvifari momadle Cems suls (4, 411).

99

RvTismetyvelebaSi suliwmindis RmerTebze saubrisas mudam aRniSnaven mis didebas

da mzeebr brwyinvalebas. „pavle mociqulisTvis igi aris suli didebisa: „rameTu

didebisai igi da RmerTisai suli Tquen zeda gansvenebul ars“ (6, 126).

galaktioni, rogorc suliwmindis madliT cxebuli, didebis TanxlebiT

miiswrafvis parnasisken:

„me momdevs ganTqmul saxelis taSi,

dideba, cremli, Relva, muqara“.

„diadi didebis“ Tanxlebis gancda axlavs striqonebs:

„Sen gelis dafna,

Sen diadi dideba gelis“.

„dominoSi“ saSiSarTa sakrebulos ganerida poeti, kankeli aRimarTa, „masTan“

„ardarideba“ irCia, „alebiT“ (cecxliT) miaexla „idumal dominos“. „TiTebis

grZel zambaxebze“ „daCrdiluli beWedi“ ixila, jer mxolod konturebi isaxeboda

sasurvelis:

„masTan alebs mivitan,

vetyvi... ardarideba!

vici, frTasac ver axebs idumalad bejiTi,

TiTebis grZel zambaxebs daCrdiluli beWedi“.

beWedi, zecis beWedi mariam RvTismSobelia saRvTismSoblo simbolikis mixedviT (9,

43).

galaktionis leqsSi es simboluri beWedi „daCrdilulia“. masSi landiviT Cans

„molebi“, „motexili zafxuli“, rac oxvris parolebs“ uxmobs:

„landiviT maqvs naxuli

beWdis TvalSi molebi,

motexili zafxuli da oxvris parolebi“.

erT leqsSi poeti „swuxs nazi frCxilebis grZel zambaxebs, swuxs sxvagvar

cremlebs, TeTr beWdebis Tvalebs – SiSvels, TeTr yvavils“ („samreklo

udabnoSi“).

„TeTri beWedi“ mariamis saxelia, Tvali, yvavili – qristesi, saRvTo

saxismetyvelebis kvalobaze. „SiSveli yvavili“ rwmenis damdablebaze mianiSnebs.

leqsSi – „xelebi“ aris „damsxvreuli beWdebis“ saxe. sxvagan erT personaJs surs

madonas (mariamis) xelebis ambori da „araqauri sunTqvis“ gancda: „bagiT Seexo

madonas xelebs da igrZno sunTqva araqauri“ („Cveni dRis ambebs“).

qarSi dakarguli beWdis saxe ubedobis reqviemia leqsSi „meri“.

amasTan, galaktions hqonda „sakuTari beWdiT moWrili“ oqro, anu Seudarebeli

poeturi qmnilebebi. epiTetebi – „daCrdiluli“, „damsxvreuli“ anareklia realuri

viTarebis, roca religiuri saxeebi, rwmena iyo ignorirebuli. vardis cvriani

beWedi, locvebi, sameba, yvavilebi, ca, saukuno gamosalmeba (rwmenasTan), demonis

100

gamoCena da „SeeWveba“ Rrma, mniSvnelovani saTqmelis gamJRavnebaa analogiuri

paradigmebiT:

„saRamov, vici,

baRSi Sexval eklesiidan

da gaocebis mwuxarebas masTan miitan.

TiTqos beWdebze dageyreba vardebis cvari

da surnelebiT aivseba Seni locvani.

da mxolod RamiT igrZnobs suli,

rogorc samebas: yvavilebs da cas, saukuno gamosalmebas!

mogonebebi elvareben isev beWdebad,

mova demoni, dafiqrdeba da SeeWvdeba

da savanisgan sizmariviT miaqvs

Ramis qars mxevalT galoba:

SeibraleT, igi wminda ars!“ („saRamov, vici“).

beWdebze dayrili vardebis cvari qristes gagvaxsenebs.

mivmarToT biblias: „viqnebi cvari israelisaTvis, ayvavdeba rogorc SroSani da

libaniviT gaidgams fesvebs, osia winaswarmetyveli” (14, 6) (2, 273).

saRvTo sibolikaSi vardi xan qristes, xan mariams miemarTeba. beWedi RvinosTanac

moiazreba: „CavuSvaT Rvinis siankareSi Cveni beWdebi“ („puSkini parizSi“). am

frazaSi beWdis adresati mariamia, Rvinisa – qriste. religiuri Sinaarsis Rvinis,

Zveli Rvinis wyaro SeiZleba moviZioT bibliaSi: „gaumarTavs cabaoT ufali yvela

xalxs am mTaze nadims msuye kerZebiT, nadims Zveli RviniT, Zveli, dawmendili

RviniT“ (esaia 25, 6) (2, 588).

saanalizo leqsis „zafxuli“ qristes saxelia fsalmunidan:

„gvirgvini daadgi Seni sikeTis zafxuls

da Seni nakvalevidan wveTavs simsuqne“( fs. 65, 12) (2, 588).

zeviT beWdis epiTeti iyo „daCrdluli“. zafxulis msazRvrelia „motexili“.

„daCrdiluli“, „motexili“ unda niSnavdes ugulebelyofils, daviwyebisaTvis

ganwiruls, anu rwmenis ignorirebazea aqcenti. aseTi iyo realoba. galaktioni

Tavgadakluli eZebda Tavis saTayvano deda-Zes, mas mudam „rwmenis taxti“ edga.

sxvagan beWedi (mariami) galaktionma moiazra vardis cvris, Rvinis saxeebTan, anu

isev da isev religiur konteqstebSi.

ufro rTuli da amoucnobi saxea beWdis TvalSi landiviT danaxuli „molebi“.

zviad gamsaxurdia aRniSnavs, rom „odiseaSi” qvesknelad STasvlisaTvis iyenebden

jadosnur balaxs, molis, romelsac odisevss aZlevs kirke, kolxeTis mefis

asuli. „vefxistyaosanSic“ fatmanis grZneuli mona mols wamoisxams da midis

qajeTSi. e.i. moli iseTi balaxia, romelic exmareba adamians iniciaciaSi...

„vefxistyaosnis“ gmirebi – tarieli, avTandili, fridoni moliT ki ar gadian

iniciacias, aramed iaraRis ZaliT. „vefxistyaosnis“ avtorisaTvis moli iniciaciis

arakanonzomieri gzaa, vinaidan mas iyenebs grZneuli zangi, Savi magiis mimdevari,

Tanac fatmanis mona. TviT sityva „moli“, rogorc Cans, uZvelesi qarTuli sityvaa,

101

Tanac misi gamoyeneba kolxeTis mefis asulis mier unda miuTiTebdes antiuri

iniciaciis institutis kolxur warmoSobaze, rasac aRniSnavs o. neeraxeric“ (6,

215-216).

nana kucias mixedviT, molebi yvavilia xalxur poeziaSi: „qalsa visme erqva

SroSani, xuTsa TiTsa ecva beWedi. beWdis Tvalsa moli mosula“. nana kucia

imowmebs aseve rismag gordezians: „odiseas“ mixedviT, moli RmerTebis enaSi

arsebuli sityvaa. homerosis ganmartebiT, es aris Savi Zirisa da rZis msgavs

yvavilTa mqone mcenare kirkes kunZul aieze... „moli ixmareba yovelgvari Targmanis

gareSe“. aqedan gamomdinare, mkvlevari varaudobs: „iqneb rZis msgavs yvavilTa

mqone mcenareSi SroSani igulisxmeba, RvTismSoblis yvavili?“. „erTurTs

Tanxvdeba TiTqos xalxuri poeziis, homerosisa da galaktionis paradigmebi“ (8,

93).

yvavilebis saxelia xalxurSi nugeSi (galaktionTanac – „pirvel Tavelebs“),

qristesisxla, mariamula). galaktionis „molebis“ Sinaarss rom ufro

mivuaxlovdeT, gavixsenoT isic, rom molebi arian mahmadianTa sasuliero pirebi.

erTan poeti wers:

„da igonebdnen molebs,

rogorc dawyevlil sindiss.

idga gaSiSis sevda,

mware nisliviT vrceli,

mas burusebze xvevda TeTri obobas qseli“ („sad dasasruli iyo“).

sulxan-saba orbelianis mier gaigivebulia „muyrni“ da mola: „muyri – mahmadianTa

mola“. „vefxistyaosanSi“ gulwasuli tarielis mosasuliereblad mosuli

mahmadianTa sasuliero pirebi ironiulad arian moxsenebulni:

„srulni muyrni da mulimni me gare Semomcvidian,

maT xelTa hqonda musafi, yovelni ikiTxvidian,

mter-dacemuli vegone, ar vici, ras Cmaxvidian...“ (9, 72).

„dominoSi“ moli ki ara, molebia, es mravlobiTis forma ki molidanac miiReba da

moladanac. raki zeviT „baiaTia“ (aRmosavluri), iqneb aq „molaa“ da ara moli? da

Tu „molia“, kirkes jadosnuri balaxi, Tu yvavili, isev im„dRegrZeli moxucis“,

aTasgvari wamlisa da Selocvis ostatisaTvis saWiro grZneulebis saSualebaa,

romelic cdilobs „daCrdilos“ beWedi – mariami. miT ufro, mere irkveva, rom

zafxulic (Zveli qarTuliT gazafxuli – saRvTo Sinaarsis saxeli) „motexilia“.

vfiqrobT, uTuod kavSirSia es jadosnuri moli am „cru misanis“, „cru

winaswarmetyvelis“ satanur saqmianobasTan, romliTac cdilobs idumali

„dominos“ gauCinarebas, beWdis daCrdilvas, zafxulis ignorirebas.

galaktioni sxvaganac „wuxs“ „TeTr beWdebis Tvlebs“, („samreklo udabnoSi“),

gazafxulis gaqrobas: „ra adre gaqra gazafxulis mziani Crdili“ („elegia“),

„gazafxulisa gahqra mSveneba da miefara nisls sizmareuls“ („Zveli wignebis

gverdebs areuls“).

„dominoSi“ „TeTri kvamlia“ qvegamxedvari yinulovani mezoblis Tu pirsisxliani

axlo aRmosavleTis zRaprebis da baiaTebis... anu ori ukiduresoba. poetis

102

gulmxurvale locviT uCinardebian „bednier samkvidros“ amaod maZebar mzakvarTa

aCrdilebi... bolos mainc kankeli aRimarTeba didi wvalebis, Ziebis, monatrebis

Semdeg, didi Zalisxmevis Sedegad. poets axsovs ganukiTxaobis periodis „ca

ukankelo“ („sad iyo smena da gagoneba“), msoflio omis dros Zirs dagdebuli

kankeli, Camavali mze, Rriankeli, cisartyelebi:

„egdo kibeze oqros kankeli,

Camavali mze lurji xelebiT da Rriankeli,

cad mimavali cisartyelebiT“ („qari, msoflio omis mauwyebeli“).

rwmenis zeobisas moCans „TvalebaSkara cecxlis kankeli“ („dabrunda grZnoba da

sisadave“). „dominoSi„ gacudda „yru baiaTi“, fifqiT mtroba. grZneuli moxucis

saSiSari, sikvdilis momtani sasaxlidan lirikulma personaJma „saocar SenobaSi“

gadainacvla da gamoCnda domino, locva-vedrebiT miRweul iqna mizani. nana kucias

azriT, domino aris mariami. mkvlevari eyrdnoba ganmartebiT biblias, romlis

mixedviT, mariami berZnulad aris maria, arameulad – mariami, ieronimes mixedviT

ki igi niSnavs dominas“.

domen, domeniko gvxvdeba dantes „RvTaebriv komediaSi“: „domeniko... mebaRea igi

qristesi, soflad mosuli uflis baRis mosaSeneblad“.

guram doCanaSvilis „samoseli pirvelis“ domeniko uZRebi Svilia, mamasTan

(RmerTTan) mudmiv kontaqtSi myofi.

galaktion tabiZe afiqsirebda, rom aTeistur periodSi axali eresi mkvidrdeboda:

„epoqa isvris axal eresebs“. vfiqrobT, poetebis mefis domino aris eresis

dasaTrgunavad, miwaze uflis venaxis mosaSeneblad mosuli piri, romlis

movlinebasac natrobda „dominos“ avtori. domino faqtobrivad, poetis meore mea,

idumali meore saxe, romelic gaerTsuldeba misi uflis wyurviliT savse

pirovnebasTan, xolo vidre es moxdeba, igi itanjeba uzenaesTan Serwymis

surviliT.

galaktionisaTvis ucxo iyo:

„amaod Seqmnil ciur sulTan

mxurvale locva

da qveyniurad Seqmnil kerpTan

mware Secdoma“ („sanam Sors iyav“).

„momavlis Rrma sibrZniT Tvalnaxeli“ poeti qmnida ara muxambazebs, ara

aRmosavlur baiaTebs an romanseroebs, aramed dardis, sikvdilis dammarcxebel

saRvTo hangebs, samoTxis xmebs, cxovrebis zRvaze gadamyvan frTian simRerebs:

„gevedrebi, gamagone,

is simRera, me rom miyvars,

laJvardovan frTebis mqone,

Sua zRvad rom gadamiyvans“ („odes mZime rame dardi“).

galaktioni upiratesobas aniWebda „siyvarulis simReras“:

103

„gulSi JRers ra xania,

siyvarulis simRera,

rogorc erTaderTi xsna,

erTaderTi imedi“ („ilias motivi“).

siyvaruli RmerTia: „RmerTi siyvarulia” (ioane, I, 4,8). poetis gulSi erTi RmerTis

siyvaruli xmianobda:

„...Sens gulSi erTi gaxmaurdeba zeca da RmerTi,

ros dagSordebi – var me zedmeti,

saSineleba da jojoxeTi“ („ar gapativa“).

galaktionis „domino“ aris poetis ukidegano sulis odisea samaresaviT

dawyevlili saSiSari saxlidan „saocari Senobisken“, uwindeli udiadesi cisken,

Zebna, Zieba, xetiali sulis uxilav labirinTebSi. poetma, epoqis eresis

miuxedavad, ipova Tavisi wminda qristianuli oreuli. poeti aq aris ara „me”

aramed „is“. meore Tu mesame piriT sakuTari arsebis warmoCena saerTod

axasiaTebda poets: „Sen, galaktion, ici“, „vican, galaktion SenSi aqteoni“. „epoqis

gedi ocnebas mReris gabediTebiT“, „is mReris, rogorc daris dareba“, „rogorc

erTia qveyana mTeli, ise erTia galaktioni“... poets „wuxiliT avsebda is, rom

„siyvarulis xma arsiT ismoda“. samagierod, iyo „valaleba grZnobaT damxobis“

(„is“). magram epoqaluri kataklizmebis miuxedavad, mis leqsebSi gamudmebiT JRerda

ciuri simfonia, „sixarulis uvertiura“, rac locvasaviT amaRlebuli da diadia.

„ratom aravin iyo, roca movedi, roca viZaxdi da aravin iyo pasuxis gamcemi?“, -

kiTxulobda winaswarmetyveli esaia.

winaswarmetyvelis darad, galaktionsac igive problema awuxebda: „rodesac me

movel, aravin ar Canda“ („me moval“).

poetis mwuxare, spetaki wigniT cocxldeboda „imedTa mdelo“, ismoda „locva-

vedreba, galoba axali“. gamocxadebis mixedviT, meqnareTa xmis, axali sagaloblis

Seswavla mxolod waubilwavT, RmerTisgan gamosyidulT xelewifebaT, romelTac

gangebam daakisra „ukve gamqrali alis“ anTeba, dakarguli grZnobis moZieba,

„damarxuli imedis„ gacocxleba, „aRdgomis kvalis“ migneba („axali weli“).

„dominoSi“ qristes simboloeba: sanTeli, wigni, zafxuli. mariamis saxe-xatebia:

udiadesi ca, ca, xelebi, TiTebis grZeli zambaxebi, beWedi.

saanalizo leqsSi galaktionis pirovneba gacxadda, rogorc „qristes sxivebiT

Semosili mcenareulis“ (dantes frazaa), zeciuri vardebis, alvis xis

„SemoSenebiT“ (galaktionis frazaa) gatacebuli, uflisagan kurTxeuli mebaRe, anu

domino. „domino“ poetis mier sakuTari zeciuri misiis, uflis erTguli

msaxurebis SegrZnoba-gacnobierebaa originaluri poeturi xerxebiT da, amdenad,

epoqis yvelaze mwvave problemis dasma-gadaWraa sulieri individualobis

mauwyebeli saxe- xatebiT, anu TviT poets rom davesesxoT, „esaa grZnoba kvlav

siyvarulTa, gadaqceuli sxvisaTvis Waobad“...

„domino“ mudam iwvevda mkiTxvel-specialistTa interess. i. kenWoSvili

galaktionis „dominoSi“ andrei belis „maskaradis“ gavlenas xedavs (10, 133). z.

104

saria eTanxmeba am mosazrebas: „es leqsi marTlac iwvevs andrei belis „maskaradis

asociacias“. mkvlevari aseve eZebs paralelebs aleqsandre blokis rkalebTan:

„МММММ“ da „ММММММММММММ“, sadac „qali, vneba da qaris stiqia ganuyofelia“.z.

saria imowmebs blokis leqsebis cikls „МММММММММММММ“– imis gamo, rom masSi aris aCrdilTa motivi, sikvdilis TemasTan gaSinaureba da gaucnaurebuli garemo.

„belis leqss erTvis refrenad taepi: „МММММММММММ“, „ММММММММММММ“. „galaktionTan

domino SeiZleba moTamaSe bedisweris simbolo iyos“, - askvnis zeinab saria (11,

132).

s. sigua exeba wiTeli dominos saxes, romelic SiSismomgvrelia da gvxvdeba

andrei belis roman „peterburgSi“. es igive nikolai ableuxovia, senatoris vaJi,

romelmac maskaradze saidumlo baraTi waikiTxa. man pensnes gakeTebisas niRabi

aiwia da yvelas Tvalwin gamoCnda niRabaxdili, SiSismomgvreli domino. es

SemTxveva skandaliT dasrulda.

edgar pos „wiTeli niRabis sikvdilSi“ wiTeli masxaras niRabia. „galaktions

„peterburgi“ wakiTxuli ar hqonda, roca „domino“ dawera, ase rom, soso sigua

gamoricxavs andrei belisa da, miT umets, edgar pos qarTvel poetze gavlenis

moments (12, 275).

vfiqrobT, galaktionis „domino“ gansxvavebulia a. blokis, a. belis, edgar pos

dominosagan, igi ufro dantes domenikos uaxlovdeba. Cveni SexedulebiT, domino

aris galaktionis Semoqmedebis erT-erTi umTavresi problemis – RmerTis Ziebis,

misi povnisa da qristianuli rwmenis SeubRalavad dacva-Senaxvis ideis mxatvruli

xorcSesxma ganumeorebeli saxe-simboloebiT.

literatura

1. galaktion tabiZe, “domino”, Txz. or wignad, w. I, Tb. 1988.

2. biblia or wignad, w. II, Tb. 1990.




6. zviad gamsaxurdia, “vefzistyaosnis” saxismetyveleba, Tb. 1991.


8. nana kucia, literaturuli werilebi, Tb. 2005.

9. SoTa rusTaveli, “vefxistyaosani”, Tb. 1991.

10. irakli kenWoSvili, galaktionis samyaroSi, Tb. 1999.

11. zeinab saria, galaktion tabiZis intimur-meditaciuri da samoqalaqo

publicisturi lirika, Tb. 2003.

12. soso sigua, qarTuli modernizmi, Tb. 2002.

105

“silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi”

igavuri, enigmuri, gamosacnobia galaktionis SedevrTa umetesobis Canafiqri da es

kidev ufro aZlierebs mis mimarT interess.

TaobaTa esTetikur idealad daisaxa poetebis mefis saTauridanve gamaognebeli

“silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi“. masSi erTad SeigrZnoba Rrmaazrovani saTqmeli,

ganumeorebeli saxeebi, riTmis jadoqari da iseTi gulwrfeli aRsareba uzenaesis

winaSe, cremlis denamde rom SeZravs mkiTxvels. lirikuli RaRadisi avtorisa

sayovelTao masStabebSi gaxmiandeba da piraduli sakacobrio, maradiul satkivars

epasuxeba...

leqsis daweris TariRia aTeizmis, marqsistuli social-demokratiis zeobis

periodis 1917 weli.

nawarmoebi RmerTwarTmeuli drois Svilis aRsarebaa deda-Zis winaSe, mware

sinamdvilisadmi gamotanili msjavria, Sefaruli mxilebaa, maTi, vinc cxovreba

jojoxeTad aqcia, amasTan, aSkaraa uzenaesis wyurvili, RmerTTan Catexili xidis

gamTelebaze ocneba.

„silaJvardis“ lirikuli personaJi maradobas SeWidebuli Semoqmedia, romelic

ulmobelma drom nugeSis gareSe, Tavisi Senaqmnis amara datova.

poetis tkiviliani monologi mariam RvTismSobels miemarTeba, romelic

sasuliero poeziis kvalobaze (demetre mefis sagalobeli: „mze xar

gabrwyinebuli“, 11, 183) mzis saxiT figurirebs galaktionis leqsSi: „dedao

RvTisav, mzeo mariam! rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi, Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde“ (2, 129).

raze an visze migvaniSnebs vardi, Tanac silaSi moqceuli, ratom aris poetis gza

erTdroulad sizmari da „Soreuli cis silaJvarde“?

upirvelesad Tvali gavadevnoT religiuri Sinaarsis vard-yvavilebs qarTul

poeziaSi.

profesori tite mosia wers: „ioane zosime wm. qalwuls „uxrwnel vards“ uwodebs,

riTac xazgasmulia misi qalwulebrivi siwminde. „vardi“ mariamis sulieri

umankoebisa da mSvenierebis gamomxatvelia da ara garegnuli silamazisa:

„vardobai mariamisa, surnelebai nardisai, vardi uxrwnelebisai, Sueniereba

sunnelTai“ (p. ingoroyva, Txz. III, 407) (3, 109).

„saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi yvavilis mSveniereba ZiriTadad qristes da

RvTismSoblis simbolo-metaforaSi gamJRavnda“: „gixaroden, yvavilo

uxrwnelebisao“ („daujdomeli“), Sen xar, ubiwoo, kidobani daviTis xiluli da

yuavili, solomonis moswavebuli“ (nevm. Zlispiri, 839 Zv. qarT. sasuliero poezia,

385) „aRmocenebulman yuavilman qalwulman ubiwoman“ (Wil-etratis iadgari, 161).

„uZveles iadgarSi“ igi wodebulia „yoladve dauWknobel yuavilad“ (gv. 510) (3, 116).

„qebaTa qebaSi“ mSvenierebis simbolod figurirebs SroSani: „me yvavili velisai da

SroSani ReleTai“ (qeb. 2,1) (4,15).

demetre pirvelma (XIIs.) uflis dedis siwmindesa da mSvenierebas miusadaga

SroSanis saxe: „RmrTismSobeli da yovlad patiosani, deda qalwuli, Suenieri

SroSani“ (1,183).

106

galaktionis leqsis silaSi moqceuli vardi SeiZleba mxoloddamxolod mariami

iyos, xolo misi moazreba silaSi unda niSnavdes imas, rom rogorc silaa

unayofo niadagi, romelic wyals ar atarebs da verc vards axarebs, aseTive

rwmenisTvis unayofoa, arareligiuria, mariamis ugulebelmyofelia poetis epoqa.

maS, rogorc mravalgzis xdeba qarTvel poetTan, leqsSi mariamis simbolod

gvevlineba mze da vardi (silaSi).

galaktionis poeziaSi gvxvdeba silamazesTan, poeziasTan dakavSirebuli,

socialuri, filosofiuri gagebis, SoTa rusTavelis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis, vaJa-

fSavelas Tu ucxouri tradiciebis SemoqmedebiTi aTvisebis magaliTebi, zambaxebi,

iasamnebi, mimozebi, udabnos yvavilebi, poeturi didebis macne vardebi, mistikuri

Sinaarsis yvavilebi.

mraval leqsSi vardi da yvavili xan mariamis, xan qristes saxeze migvaniSnebs.

RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragediaze mimaniSnebeli vardis saxeebia: burusebs

iqiT gadakarguli yvavilebi sicocxlis dilis“ (mimRere rame), mkvdari vardebi

(angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti), axalgazrdobis mier gaTelili vardebi

(saRamo), SiSveli, TeTri yvavili (samreklo udabnoSi), dacvenili vardebi (alvebi

TovlSi), qarisgan gaZarculi atmis yvavilebi (atmis yvavilebi), gayinuli vardebi

(salami maiss), TovlSi dacemuli zambaxebi (Tovli), gadaSeneba iaT da vardTa

(mSvidobis wigni), ucxo yvavilis molodini (me moval), Sxamiani vardebi

(revolucioneris xsovnas), Tovlis vardebi (xan ufskrulebi, xan mwvervalebi),

cecxlis vardebi (me araerTxel mqonia frTebi), zambaxis princesa (es iyo 15 wlis

winaT), Savi yvavilis samudamod mWknari foToli ( vin aris es qali?) „setyviT

daRupuli yvavilebi“ („mimRere rame“). Tovlis madona, (xomalds mihyveba Tovlis

madona vardiT Troba (maisis isriT).

calke Temaa pirimzis, baiis saxeebi, iis mixedviT Seqmnili neologizmebi: ioba,

uieso, moaiavebs; iisferi Tovli, iisferi gza, iisferi Tvali...

gvxvdeba mudmivi gazafxulis dauWknobi yvavilebi (akaki wereTeli, sikvdilis xmiT

„Sefifquli saamo vardiTi (40 wlis win), vardisa da WinWris monacvleoba, ianvris

TovliT damWknari iebi (samreklo udabnoSi), elvaTa celiT mocelili yvavilebi

(cameti wlis xar), vardiT morTuli Tavis qala (vardebi). ucxo yvavilis

molodini (me moval).

gamaognebeli saxea „momeciT Crdili vardebis buCqis, momeciT TasiT“ (puSkini

parizSi), TiTqos beWdebze dageyreba vardebis cvari” (saRamov, vici), yvavilebi

giiadona (xomalds mihyveba Tovlis madona).

rac Seexeba yofnis sizmareulobis mauwyebel striqonebs: „Cemi cxovrebis gza

sizmaria“ - es Tema mTel msoflioSia cnobili da galaktionic araerTgzis

afiqsirebs am gancdas (is CamomSorda rogorc sizmari, is, rogorc sizmari).

xolo leqsis Semdgomi striqoni gvauwyebs, rom misi cxovreba, sizmarTan erTad,

aris „Soreuli cis silaJvarde“.

bibliaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi saubaria orgvar caze: xilulsa da uxilavze,

materialursa da RmerTebis caze (mecxre caze).

uzenaesi, aramaterialuri cis gamosaxatavi terminia „cani caTani“: „cani caTani

uflisani arian, xolo queyana mohsca ZeTa kacTasa“ (fs. 114, 24) (5, 649).

107

dantes „RvTaebriv komediaSi“ gvxvdeba aTi ca: mTvaris, merkuris, veneras, mzis,

marsis, iupiteris, saturnis, uZrav varskvlavTa, angelozTa, uflisa da netarTa

samkvidrebeli.

ganarCeven xilul cas mnaTobebiTurT da aramaterialur, uxilav, metafizikur,

transcendentur cas (6,55).

netari avgustines mixedviT, miwa da zeca Seqmnilia, „cani caTani“ ki, romelic

Tavdapirvelad Seiqmna RmerTis mier, „sulier samyaros warmoadgens“, is aris Cveni

xiluli zecis maRla, „cani caTani gonieri zecaa“, sadac gonebas yvelafris

erTbaSad Secnoba eZleva da ara nawilobriv, aramed mTeli Tavisi sisruliT,

gamocxadebiT“ (7, 382, 384, 386, 388).

bibliaSive miCneulia, rom Seqmnili ca da dedamiwa ar aris maradi bunebis, Zveli

aRTqmis esqatologiuri Sexeduleba gvauwyebs, rom arsebul sofels aRsasruli

moelis, ris Semdegac iyos „ca axali da qveyana axali“ (esaia, 65, 17) (4, 122).

cnobilia cis aseTi ganmarteba. „...religiebSi cas didi adgili ukavia da Zalian

xSirad ca RmerTTan aris gaigivebuli da gaTanasworebuli. radganac RmerTi

caSia, ca RmrTis samyofelia, amitom TviTon ca warmodgenilia, viTarca RmerTi

da mis nacvlad xSirad ixmareba. yvela religiaSi rwmenis siRrme da pativi

morwmunes ukarnaxebda, RmerTis saxeli ar warmoeTqvaT. am niadagze Seqmnilia

sxvadasxva saxeli RmerTisa-meufe, ufali, batoni, uzenaesi, meufe caTa, ca

mwyalobeli da sxva“. (8, 48, 48).

axal aRTqmaSi ca aris RvTis gamosaxuleba, „vefxistyaosanSic“ ca RvTis

metaforad gaigeba (8, 49).

„sasuliero mwerlobaSi „ca caTa“ mariam RvTismSoblis metaforacaa: „mariam... cao

caTao,... xido RmerTisao“... (uZvelesi iadgari“, gv. 439).

„SesityvebaSi „cao caTao“ – „ca“ wm. mariamis metaforaa, „caTa“ ki - qristesi.

rodesac himnografi yovladwminda dedofals mimarTavs: „dedao qalwulo, cao

caTao“... amiT migvaniSnebs mis arsebaze, rogorc macxovris mSobelze.

amrigad, erTmaneTisgan unda gamijnos fizikur-materialuri ca-samyaro, misi

mkvidri mziT, mTvariT, merkuriT, veneraTi, marsiT, iupiteriT, saturniT, uTvalavi

varskvlavebiT da sulier-metafizikuri ca-samyaro (caTa ca, cani da cani caTani,

zeca, mecxre ca) sadac aris sasufeveli RvTisa, angelozebisa da wmindanTa

sulisa, swored es sulieri ca iqca RvTisa da wminda mariamis simbolur-

metaforul saxeladac“, (tite mosia, ca-RvTis metaforuli saxeli) (9, 41)

„swored metafizikur samyaroSi anu mecxre caSi, brolis caSi“, caTa caSi anu

zecaSi aris samoTxe, RvTis sasufeveli, angelozTa da wmindanTa sulis samyofi

sivrce (9, 40)

galaktionis „Soreuli cis silaJvarde“ aSkarad aris cani caTani anu RmerTis ca.

poets izidavda „iqauri ca foTliT qsovili, laJvard TvalTagan ganidarul

namiT“ („gobeleni“).

laJvardi da „iqauri ca“ identuria.

izidavda laJvardi brolis: „aha, gaixsna laJvardi brolis“ (ori mrisxane stiqiis

brZola).

laJvardi, Tvali, nami saRvTo saxelebia.

108

mis leqsebSi gvxvdeba „wminda ca“, rac „cani caTanis identuria“: „aris sadRaca

netari mxare, aris wminda ca SuqiT mgznebare“ (“grZnobaTa ferfli“) „wminda caze“

„wminda naTels“ (RmerTs) eziareba suli („ave maria“).

galaktioni tovebda filisterTa miwas da misi suli silaJvardeSi, brolis caSi,

cis sarkeSi navardobda: “...suli gafrenils edareba ferad miminos, rogorc ronini

saocari da misteria, dastovo mxare, sadac yvela filisteria, silaJvardeSi

miibrolos da miiminos“ („Cems gulSi“).

neologizmebia „miibrolos“, miiminos“, isini nawarmoebia brolidan da minidan,

pirveli RmerTis cis, meore gonebis simboloa.

galaktions evlineboda „zmaneba brolis“ (nugeSi).

misTvis „laJvardebis kideze“ sasurvelis zmaneba vlindeboda: „laJvardebis kideo,

daburulo zmanebiT“...

poets awamebda primitivTagan gaucxoeba, „gaugebari genia“, misi tkivilebis,

silaJvardis, ia-vardis, siyvarulis cnebaSi Cadebuli Canafiqris Seucnoblobis

sevda: „gaiges gana bediT Cagruli yofniT ragvarad mtkioda guli? is silaJvarde,

is ia-vardi, Tundac is dardi da siyvaruli?“ (mSvidobis wigni) (10, 158).

yofna, cxovreba saRvTo saxelia: „me var gza, WeSmariteba da sicocxle“ (ioane, 14,

6) (5, 211).

silaJvarde, ia-vardi, siyvaruli religiuri Sinaarsis Semcveli saxe – cnebebia.

„RmerTi siyvarulia“ (I ioane, 4,8).

erTgan silaJvardec udabnos emsgavseba: ...„gamoqroleba zeinaburi da silaJvarde

udabnosaviT” (mSvidobiani simRera debis) aseve samSoblo-udabnoa (Tovli, udabno).

„mSvidobis wignSi“ aris aseTi mravalmniSvnelovani striqonebi: „...velni... gafantavs

dardebs, im ia-vardebs, im silaJvardes tvirTad dagadebs“ (10, 105).

vfiqrobT, veli sainformacio velia (ix. Cveni „veli galaktionis

saxismetyvelebaSi) (11, 249-255). silaJvarde umaRlesi ca, naTelmxilveli poetis

cnobierebaSi RvTis ZaliT aelvarebuli.

„ca daaSuqa wynar suls“, „Subls daesaxa cisiereba“, „rogorc mravali vardebis

mfeni, mas suli hqonda uxvad ciuri“ – mravlismTqmeli frazebia, poetis cis wili

sulis aqcentirebaa.

erTgan itevs: „ca, martooba, suli Tavadis“ („qalaqSi“) cac da Tavadic saRvTo

saxelebia.

galaktionis lirikuli gmiri aris „aRtacebuli cad ganimedi“. misi idealia

„ciurTa Tanadi ocneba“ („angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti“) “mZime ocnebis caze

atana“, anu Canafiqris gamaradiuleba („cisferi“).

warmavlobas, xrwnadobas, ferfls galaktionTan upirispirdeba „ca da wigni“:

„saSveli qveynad aRar yofila – ararsebobad STanTqmulan rigni – ukmayofilo da

kmayofili. ra darCa? ferfli, ca da es wigni“.

leqsis es „ca“ „gonieri caa“, igive „cani caTani“, wigni ki uflis metaforuli

saxelia esaias winaswarmetyvelebidan (esaia, 29,11,18).

galaktionis azriT, rusTavelis poetur samyaros „ukvdavi ca miesxura“ („mesxis

gamoxedva“).

poetebis mefe eZebs Tavis “uwindel, udiades cas“: „niRabebi wiTeli, niRabebi

aTasi, magram me momeCvena Cemi ca uwindeli, ufro udiadesi“ („domino”).

109

erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi ideebis erTguli poeti ambobs: „vipoveT Cveni

dakarguli ca da Cveni miwis ametyveleba“, riTac migvaniSnebs uaryofili

rwmenisken mibrunebas, radgan ca religiuri simboloa.

galaktioni hgavs „zesTazes:“ „...mivqrivar cxeniT, vgavar zesTazes“ (vaSa Sav

zRvaze amomaval mzes).

zesTaze aris yvelaze umaRlesi ca, uxvi sinaTlis mfrqveveli, e.i. mzis ca (8, 51).

SoTa rusTaveli ambobs TinaTinze: „misi piri unaTlea zesTazesa“.

galaktionis TqmiT, „vefxistyaosanSi“ ismis xmebi uzesTaosani“ „uzesTaosani“

neologizmia.

galaktionis caze, masSi Cadebul qveteqstebze usasrulod SeiZleba saubari (ix.

Cveni „mas SeuZlia ca gadasazras) (12, 122-135).

motanili magaliTebidan aSkaraa, rom „silaJvardis“ pirvelsave strofSi poeti

afiqsirebs aTeisturi epoqis mier uaryofil rwmenas, amasTan, xazs usvams, rom

misi cxovrebis gza ganuyrelia Soreuli cis silaJvardis, anu RmerTisgan.

Semdeg strofSi „SemoRamebuli mTis“ miuxedavad, gaTenebas, xatebTan dgomas

moelis momavalSi: „SemoiRamebs mTis napralebi, da Tu rogorme isev gaTenda, -

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi, daRlil qaliviT mival xatebTan“.

mariam RvTismSobeli, „miqael modrekilis himnebis“ mixedviT, aris „daviTis mier

mTad poxilad“ moxsenebuli, mTa sacnauri“ (13, 43).

„mTa gamoukveTeli“ aseve miemarTeba mariams (13, 383).

daviT guramiSvilis „daviTianSi“ mariams ewodeba „mTa, lodis gamomtyorcneli“

(14, 379)

es saxe momdinareobs danielis winaswarmetyvelebidan: „hxedevd, vidre ara

gamoekueTa lodi mTisagan Tvnier xelTasa“ (danieli, 2, 34). aq mTa“ mariamis

simboloa, „lodi“ ki-Ze RmerTisa“ (14, 391).

„SemoRamebuli mTis“ saxiT migvaniSna galaktionma uaryofil mariamze, xolo

gaTenebis, xatebis saxeebiT – rwmenisken mibruneba igulisxma.

aseve, momavalSi eimedeba poets salocav karebTan yofna, sionSi SemoWrili

„sxivis“ (sxivi saRvTo saxelia) xilva, TeTri olarebis aelvareba, anu

eklesiisTvis Tavisi funqciis dabruneba.

rogorc malarme, akaki wereTeli, terenti graneli, galaktioni aris „gedi

daWrili ocnebis baRiT“, daRlili, wamebuli.

mis TvalebSi aRar feTqaven „cvrebi, iebi“, RamenaTevi da namTvralevi poetis

arsebaSi cremlebs, SurisZiebis grZnobas upovia adgili: „Sexede, dastkbi! Cemi

Tvalebi winaT rom feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT, _ RamenaTevi da namTvralevi savsea

cremlTa SurisZiebiT!“

cvari saRmrTo saxelia.

„viqnebi cvari israelisaTvis, ayvavdeba, rogorc SroSani da libaniviT gaidgams

fesvebs“ (osia 14,3) (4,273).

vaxtang meeqvsis poeziaSi aris aseTi striqonebi: „qalwulebisa vardi xar,

siwmindis baRsa rgulia, ferad gaqvs umankoeba, ubiwoeba sul ia“, (15, 18)

am “qalwulebis vards“ da „ubiwo ias“ mariam RvTismSoblis arsebis „poeturi

ferebiT dasuraTxatebad“ miiCnevs profesori tite mosia (3, 48).

110

galaktionis leqsSi lirikuli personaJis TvalebSi davanebuli cvari da ia

qriste RmerTisa da RvTismSoblis saxelebia, maTi saSualebiT aqcenti keTdeba

poetis morwmuneobaze.

braznarevi molodinis grZnobiT aris savse poetis mavedrebeli suli, romelic

uRmerTobis periodSi pepelasaviT mokvdaobisTvis ganwirulia: „dastkbi! ase yvela

mgosnebi? Sens molodinSi asea yvela? suli, vedrebiT ganaocebi, Sens ferxTqveS

kvdeba, rogorc pepela“.

tragizmis safuZvelia „sabedniero sulis“ gauCinareba, rac dantes jojoxeTis

asociacias qmnis: „sad aris CemTvis samagiero? sabedniero sad aris suli? viT

samoTxidan aligieri, me jojoxeTiT var dafaruli!“

suli uflis saxelia: „RmerTi aris suli da misi Tayvaniscemelni Tayvans unda

scemdnen suliTa da WeSmaritebiT (ioane 4, 24) (5, 184)

ufali sulia saxieri, „RmerTi sulia WeSmaritebisa, romelic mamisgan gamovals“

(16, 14, 15).

uRmerTod gavlili gziT bolos sikvdilis landi cxaddeba. magram ar iqneba arc

„gansasvenebeli ziareba“ da arc uzenaesis xseneba, aseTia urwmuno epoqaSi

mcxovreb adamianTa xvedri: „da roca bediT dawyevlil gzaze sikvdilis landi

momeCveneba, gansasvenebel ziarebaze CemTan ar mova Seni xseneba!“

fizikuri aRsasrulis dros mxolod „swrafi cxenebi“ (anu sakuTari poezia,

lurja cxenebis saxeSi personificirebuli) iqneba tanjuli sulis nugeSi:

„davikref xelebs da grigaliviT gamaqaneben swrafi cxenebi! RamenaTevi da

namTvralevi Cems samareSi Cavesvenebi“.

leqsis bolos, isev dakarguli rwmenis reqviemi gaiJRerebs da nugeSad isev

„Soreuli cis silaJvardesTan“ ganuwyveteli kavSiri rCeba.

silaSi vardi sxvaganac ezmaneboda poets, rac adasturebs, rom misi sevdis mizezi,

fiqris sagani swored unayofo vardi (uaryofili rwmena) iyo da arc is aris

SemTxveviTi, rom es saxe „zianebisa“ da „yornebis Caxavilis“ fonze gakrTeba: „iyo

irgvliv zianeba da yornebis Cxavili, Tovlma silas mianeba novalisis yvavili“

(„aRar aris menestreli“).

galaktionma jojoxeTad aRiqva aTeisturi epoqa, ramac Semdeg TviTmkvlelobiT

daasrulebina sicocxle sergei esenins, konstantin fadeevs, paolo iaSvilsa da

TviTon galaktions.

ulmobelma drom silaSi moaqcia, anu unayofobisTvis gaswira vardi (rwmena).

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom galaktionis leqsebSi ca naWorfalia, „ca dalewilia,

zeca dangreulia, gamqralia „faruli cis sidiade“, uniWo ocnebis“ wyalobiT ca

„siSaveSi gayinda“. „zecis ngrevas mohyva „miwis gadaferdeba“ („meocnebe afrebiT“).

„roca mziani iyavi ise, rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi“, ambobs leqsSi „vardebi“,

magram es gancda warsuls ekuTvnis.

arsebobs elizbar javeliZis mogoneba, rom leqsis daweris impulsi gaxda poetis

mier perovis eklesiaSi xiluli meZavi qalis cremliani locva mariam

RvTismSoblis xatis winaSe (17, 136).

am STambeWdavma suraTma poets impulsi misca kerZo faqti adamianisa da RmerTis

mimarTebis simaRleze ganezogadebina, uRmerTo cxovrebis jojoxeTad

warmodgeniT rwmenisken, uzenaesisken swrafvis survili gaeRviZebina xalxSi.

leqsis mTavari saTqmelic esaa...

111

aTmarcvlian leqss xatovani metafaruli saxeebi gansakuTrebul mimzidvelobas

sZens: nawvimar silaSi vardi, Soreuli cis silaJvarde, SemoRamebuli mTa, gedi,

daWrili ocnebis baRiT, cvrebiT, iebiT mfeTqavi Tvalebi, sabedniero suli, suli,

vedrebiT ganaocebi.

STabeWdilebas aZlierebs konsonansuri riTma – silaSi vardi silaJvarde.

marTalia, konsonansebi cnobilia xalxur poeziaSi (j. bardaveliZe, qarTuli

xalxuri leqswyobis sakiTxebi), akaki wereTlis SemoqmedebaSic, magram aseTi

JReradi, mignebuli da TaobaTa idealad qceuli konsonansi qarTul poeziaSi

ucnobia

poeti, rogorc sxvagan („foTlebis landi“), aqac martosulia, gaucxoebulia

urwmuno brbosgan, magram mainc ar wyvets uzenaes ZalebTan kavSirs da mTeli

simZafriT gangvacdevinebs RmerTisgan gandgomili sulis tragedias, riTac zena

samyarosken swrafvis, RmerTis molodinis grZnobas aRviZebs.

galaktioni mTeli ZalisxmeviT iRwvoda qarisgan vardis gadarCenisaTvis

(„locvisTvis“), qmnida „lodinis simReras“, winaswarmetyvelebda uflis gzaze

siaruls da umReroda „gadarCenis bednierebas“.

literatura

1. qarTuli poezia, I, Tb. 1981



4. biblia or wignad, wigni II, Tb. 1990.


6. revaz TvaraZe, TxuTmetsaukunovani mTlianoba, Tb. 1985.

7. netari avgustine, „aRsareba“, Targmani v. burkaZis, saqarTvelos eklesiis

kalendari, Tb. 1985.

8. viqtor nozaZe, „vefxistyaosnis“ varskvlavTmetyveleba, santiago de Cile,

1957.

9. tite mosia, narkvevebi, portretebi da sxva, zugdidi, 2002.



12. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis poeziis problemuri sakiTxebi, Tb. 1991.

13. pavle ingoroyva, Zvel-qarTuli sasuliero poezia, Tb. 1913.

14. tite mosia, „daviTianis“ saxismetyveleba, Tb. 2005.

15. vaxtang VI, leqsebi da poemebi, Tb. 1975.

16. petre iberi (fsevdo-dionise areopageli), „Sromebi“, Tb. 1961.

17. Jurnali „mnaTobi“, 1978w. #12.

„Tovli“

112

galaktionma Tovlis gamoyenebiT Seqmnil saxeebs daanaTla ferebi, realur Tu

feeriul WrilSi ixila Tovli da yinva, zamTari Tu sicive. enigmebad qceuli

Tovlisa da yinulis saSualebiT gagvimJRavna Tavisi socialuri, politikuri,

fsiqologiuri, filosofiuri Canafiqri...

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTvelma poetma Seqmna al. blokis „Tovlis

niRbisgan“ savsebiT gansxvavebuli “Tovlis imperia“.

tradiciulad TeTri feriT cnobili es bunebiseuli movlena srulad

gansxvavebuli ferebiT warmogvidgina: vardisferi Tovli, Savi Tovli, iisferi

Tovli.

Tovlis vardebis, Tovlis madonas, Tovlis qalis, TovlTa dafnis mSvenierebas

gvaziara.

lurji da daRaluli fifqis, Tovlis fer-umarilis, fifqiT mtrobis, bneli

Tovis, iribi, almaceri Tovlis mwuxare Tovlis xilvebiT gagvaogna.

„TeTrad spetaki, magram marad Savi gulis“ Ralati amxila, „warmavali, arawminda

Tovli“ SeniSna.

galaktionis leqsebSi modis gazafxulismagvari qarTuli Tovli, maisis Tovli,

Crdilouri zamTris gulis gamyinveli Tovli, gvzaravs „maTi“ Tovli, nislebi,

burusebi... ianvris Tovli aWknobs sulis naadrev iebs...

Tovlis, zvavis, warRvnismagvari stiqiebis muqariT „sicivis mZevlad“ qceuli,

„gulisdamxSobi zamTris“, ambiciuri yinulovani monstris samizne samSoblo

gvecnaureba poemaSi „mSvidobis wigni“.

mravlismTqmelia „ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebi“, „auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji

yinuli“, maisis yinva, gayinuli ca, gayinuli qveynis guli, gayinuli mxedari,

mRelvare gazafxulze gayinuli nakaduli.

„me ganvicade okeane, Sori yinuli“, aRmoxdeba poets, romelic „msoflio globuss

saguleSi Tamamad“ itevda...

galaktions zaravda „TeTri avdari“, Tovlad saxeldebuli samSoblo, „iribi,

almaceri Tovli“, misi „elami mze“ (anu yinulovani CrdiloeTis imperia), avdris

molodini.

poeti gayinuli vardebis, TovlSi wyebad dawvenili zambaxebis saxeebiT gvimxels

Zalze mniSvnelovans...

Tavisuflebadakarguli qveynis tkivilebs Tovlad saxeldebul samSobloze

miniSnebiT gvagrZnobinebs: „rom sxva samSoblo ar gamaCnia... rom es Tovlia Cemi

samSoblo“ („oforti“).

yinulis imperia daaxasiaTa yinulovani qalaqis, yinulovani garemocvis, yinulis

quCebis, yinulovani koSkis mozmanebiT. yinuliT gadaketili samoTxis gzaze

migvaniSna, am jadosnuri yinulis safaris garRveva gulis siTboTi scada da

gaiWra „saocnebo mxarisken“, rasac hqvia edemi, samoTxe (edemi, samoTxe mariam

RvTismSoblis simboluri saxelebia („SexedeT, miwa!).

poets „ianvris Tovli“ uWknobda sulis „naadrev iebs“ da samreklod qceuli suli

wuxda udabnoSi, wuxda dafarul codvebze, damalul Ralatze, wuxda SiSvel

yvavilze, TeTr beWdebze... (samreklo udabnoSi). wuxilis sagnad qceul “SiSvel

yvavilsa” da “TeTr beWdebSi” ki deda-Zis simboluri saxeebi gvecnaureba.

113

„avdris molodini”, „gulisdamxSobi zamTari“ aRaSfoTebda, „kosmiur sicives“

SeigrZnobda, „saukuneTa Tovli“ zaravda, magram gamodarebis imedi

asuldgmulebda da megobris saxeliT mosul mtarvals niSnismogebiT mimarTavda:

„saukuneTa Tovlo iTovle, mainc dadneba eg naTovlari“ („warwera xovles

ornamentze“).

„zamTris“ Zalmomreobas droebiT movlenad aRiqvamda: „...zamTaro, ase

gulisdamxSobo, ver SesZleb, sio rom gadaswio, saimqveynio da saamsoflo

(„mSvidobis wigni“).

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi TovliT Seqmnili poeturi imperiis SedevrTa Sedevria

impresionistuli leqsi „Tovli“.

poetis principi iyo „aswlad wamieris“ xilva, „wamis gasaukuneba“, wuTis

saSualebiT saukunis movlenebis ganWvreta: „lodinSiac wuTs mivyvebi da mivyvebi

saukunes“...

„ganaTebis wamSi“, „cecxlistoteba wamSi“ sulis Tvali Wvretda „sxvisTvis

uxilav-faruls“.

impresionizms axasiaTebs warmavalSi, wamierSi maradiulis moxelTeba, erTi da

igive sagnis, movlenis mravalgvar WrilSi moazreba, idumaleba, saTqmelis

qveteqstebiT gamJRavneba.

„Tovlis“ gamWoli, mTavari aqcentis matarebeli saxe Tovlia.

leqsis pirvelsave striqonSi TvalSi sacemia „iisferi Tovlis“ mSveniereba,

amasTan, Tovli asocirebulia qalwulTan, xidTan, rac SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos,

radgan es ori saxe mariam RvTismSoblis simboloebia.

„sasuliero mweralTa saxismetyvelebiT, mariami dasaxulia xidad, romelic miwier

da ciur samyaros erTmaneTTTan akavSirebs. es aris „xidi RmrTisai“... daviT

guramiSvili RvTis dedas ase mimarTavs: „xido wiaRmyvanebelo, kibev, caTamdis

mwdomelo“... es xatovani gamoTqma saTaves iRebs „daujdomelidan“: „gixaroden,

xido wiaR-myvanebelo queyanisao cad mimarT.. „xidis“ simbolikas ormagi funqcia

akisria: xidi (mariami) gaido RmerTidan adamianebisken, raTa macxovari mxsnelad

mosuliyo maTTan. am xidis meSveobiT adamianebi gadavlen ciur sasufevelSi“ (1,

123-124).

qalwuli mariamis saxelad momdinareobs esaias winaswarmetyvelebidan: „aha,

mucladiRebs qalwuli da Sobs Zes da uwodebs saxelad imanuils (CvenTan ars

RmerTi“) (esaia, 7, 14) (2, 78).

rogorc vxedavT, „Tovlis“ pirvel strofSi asocirebulia iisferi Tovli, xidi,

qalwuli.

leqsis dasawyisSive xazi esmeba xidTan moazrebuli qalwulebrivi Tovlis

siyvaruls, romelic mwuxarebasTan da moTmenasTan aris dakavSirebuli: „me Zlier

miyvars iisfer Tovlis qalwulebiviT xididan fena, mwuxare grZnoba civi

sisovlis da siyvarulis ase moTmena“ (3,73-74).

galaktionis poeziaSi gvxvdeba Tovlad saxeldebuli samSoblo: „rom sxva

samSoblo ar gamaCnia, rom es Tovlia Cemi samSoblo“...

xidTan, qalwulTan moazrebuli “iisferi Tovli“ mariamis saxe-simboloa iseve,

rogorc „Tovlis madona“ leqsSi „xomalds mihyveba Tovlis madona”.

mariam RvTismSoblis italiuri saxelia madona. macxovris dedisadmi miZRvnili

religiuri dResaswaulebidan erT-erTi aris Tovlis RvTismSoblis liturgikuli

114

dResaswauli, romelic 5/18 agvistos tardeba. arsebobs aseTi legenda: mesiis

mSobeli Camohyva Tovls iq, sadac agebulia wm. mariamis didi taZari... Tovlis

madona wminda mariamia“ (1, 87-88).

daafiqsira ra „iisferi Tovlis“ siyvaruli, romelsac mwuxareba da moTmena

dahbedebia, Semdeg sulis TovliT avsebaze, sicivis, siberis negatiur gancdebze

gaakeTa poetma aqcenti, „lurjad naxaverdebi udabnos“ uCveulo saxe Seqmna:

„Zvirfaso! suli mevseba TovliT: dReebi rbian da me vberdebi! Cems samSobloSi me

movvle mxolod udabno, lurjad naxaverdebi!“

sxvaganac udabnod esaxeba samSoblo: „CemTvis martoden udabnoa mTeli qveyana“

(udabno“).

udabno rwmenas, sulierebas moklebuli adgilia: „udabno, kldovani landSafti

ganasaxierebs codvil yofas“ (4, 211).

„Tovlis“ lirikuli gmiris „moZme“ Tovliani ianvaria da am yiameTSi TovliviT

TeTri xelebis saxebas Seaqvs naTeli sxivi: „oh, aseTia Cemi cxovreba: ianvars

moZmed ar veZnelebi, magram me mudam memaxsovreba Seni TovliviT mkrTali

xelebi“.

galaktions axasiaTebs detalebiT mTelze, arsebiTze aqcentireba. amjerad xeliT

xdeba mariamze miniSneba, es xeli ki uRonod daxrilia TovlTa dafnaSi, iqve,

udabnoSi ielvebs umTavres saTqmelze mimaniSnebeli mandili: „Zvirfaso! vxedav,

vxedav Sens xelebs, uRonod daxrils TovlTa dafnaSi. ielvebs, qreba da kvlav

ielvebs Seni mandili am udabnoSi“...

xelebiT xdeba madonas (mariamis) warmoCena leqsSi „Cveni dRis ambebs“: „gwyuria,

odes sanTlebi elavs, waiRo suliT aurzauri, bagiT Seexo madonas xelebs da

igrZno sunTqva araqauri“.

„Tovlis“ urwmunoTa gatialebul sivrceSi sulis Tvali „Zvirfasi“ arsebis

xelebs da mandils dalandavs...

orivegan detalebiT xdeba arsebiTze, mniSvnelovanze miniSneba.

mandili galaktionis Semoqmedebis erT-erTi Zalze gamorCeuli saxe-simboloa,

romelic mravalmniSvnelovania da sxvadasxvagvar konteqstebSi gvxvdeba.

satrfos „laJvardovani mandilia“ leqsSi „qari mogonebaTa“. erTgan „Savi

leCaqiT“ iqmneba tragikuli ganwyoba („alazanTan“).

vefxis tyavebiT dafaruli mandilia leqsSi „Cveni dro isev rusTavels elis“.

„Wrel-Wreli mandil-sakabea“ „mivardnil aivanSi“.

qarTlis „saburvelze da Tavxurvazea“ aqcenti leqsSi „maRal mTidan“.

sxvagan „mTebis leCaqia“ aqcentrebeli („Cven gaviareT“).

leqsSi „ar menatreba“ Seqmnilia „ocnebis mandilis“ saxe.

poeziis mandilisa da grigalis dapirispirebas gvauwyebs „dRes dReebi ecleba“.

leqsSi „gemi dalandi“ „mTvareul zambaxebSi Sefarebuli lurji mandili“

poeturi dafnis mSvenebaa: „Cemi dafnisTvis mitacebda lurji mandili, qveynad

mTvareul zambaxebSi Sefarebuli“.

profesori soso sigua wers: „lurji mandili satrfos emblemaa, rogorc

gvamcnobs sxva leqsebic: „Tovli“ da „qari mogonebaTa“ (5,259).

leqsSi „voiles“ qarSi Camqrali Sandlis, saidumlo alebis, lurji mwvervalebis

fonze moazrebuli “mandilis Tebervalebi“ iqcevs yuradRebas: „qreba qarSi

115

Sandali (ocneba SarSandeli) da TamaSSi mandilis qrian Tebervalebi! saidumlo

alebi! isev damevaleba umizezo wvaleba da lurji mwvervalebi!“

brboSic „msubuq mandiliT“ cxaddeba poeti, Tumca grZnobs Tavis gaucxoebas

primitivTagan: „poeti... brboSi, sul erTia, viqnebi zrdili, msubuq mandiliT

zedmeti, ucxo, unayofo da gandevnili foTlebis landi” („foTlebis landi“).

mandiliT vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba iqcevs yuradRebas (poemebi: “mandili“,

„baxtrioni“, leqsebi: „zamTari mTaSi“, „mTaT Zili“, „gazafxuli“, „d-k-sm“).

bibliaSi RmerTi mis damviwyebelT Sesamoselis warTmeviT, Tavsakravebis,

pirbadeebis, mandilis, Tavsaburvelis axdiT emuqreba: „raki gamedidurdnen sionis

asulni..., im dRes aarTmevs maT meufe... Tavsaburavebs... pirbadeebs, Zvirfas

Sesamosels, mandilebs”... (esaia winaswarmetyveli, 3,16,18,19,22) (2,11,76).

galaktioni gamudmebiT amravalferovnebda winare tradiciebs. „ocnebis kvarTi,

mSvenierebis Cadri, mSvenebis ride, sityvis ZaZa“ gvagrZnobinebs poetis

originalobas, aseve, neologizmebi: „gamokvarTuli, moiCadreba, galeCaqdeba“.

„mandili” mTeli cxovreba aforiaqebda poets da am saxes umetesad poeziis an

religiis WrilSi moiazrebda.

leqsSi „dRes maisi“ saubaria golgoTaze (qristes wamebis adgili), galileaze

(amaRlebis Semdeg mowafeebTan Sexvedris adgili). poets Tavisi gadiadebis

adgilad esaxeba mTawminda. misTvis isev Zvirfasi da gauxunaria mandili da mzad

aris, iesosaviT Sesvas Sxamiani sasmisi, radgan icis, rom dideba da ukvdaveba

yovelTvis msxverplis gaRebis safasurad miiwvdomeba: „dRes maisi ferSi

nairnairSia, Tu dro aris, dros isev Sen Sehferi da viT qristem galilea airCia,

me Tbilisi avirCie beberi. magram qristes golgoTa xvda wilada, me ki Cveni

damifaravs mTawminda. mandili Cans isev im mandilada, Sxamsac Sevsvam Sengan

mowvdil TasiTa“ („dRes maisi“)

„mandili Cans isev im mandilada“...

rogorc vxedavT, mandilis erTgul raindad gvecxadeba poetebis mefe da,

vfiqrobT, es mandili ueWvelad aris RvTismSoblis emblemaa.

leqsSi „Tbilisi“ poets ar tovebda „RvTismSoblis cqera, savse qarTuli

patiosnebiT“.

mesianisturi ideis mixedviT, saqarTvelo mariam RvTismSoblis wilxvdomili

qveyanaa da bunebrivia poetis aseTi ucvleli, maradiuli siyvaruli uflis

dedisadmi.

SemTxveviTi rodia saqristianosTvis mlocveli Cveni zeciuri dedis xilva da

morwmuneTaTvis mzeze ubrwyinvalesi Tavsaburavis (mandilis) gadafareba.

ruseTSi arsebobs RvTismSoblis safarvelis dResaswauli, rac Sendegnairad aris

axsnili.

„Xsaukunis Sua wlebSi, kvira dRes, axali stiliT 14 oqtombers, andria salosi

RamisTevis locvebs eswreboda konstantinepolis vlaqernis RvTismSoblis

taZarSi, sadac yovladwminda qalwulis samoseli, Tavsaburavi da sartyelis

nawili inaxeboda. Ramis oTx saaTze man Tvalebi zecad aRapyro da RvTaebrivi

SuqiT gaciskrovnebuli RvTismSobeli ixila angelozTa da wmindaTa dasis

TanxlebiT. yovladwminda dedofals krZalviT moabrZanebdnen ioane

naTlismcemeli da ioane RvTismetyveli. maradis qalwulma muxli moiyara da

didxans avedrebda cremliT ufals saqristianos, mere trapezTan mivida da locva

116

ganagrZo. bolos Tavsaburavi moixsna da taZarSi Sekrebil mlocvelebs gadaafara.

ubiwo qalwuli RvTaebrivi didebiT brwyinavda, xolo Tavsaburavi mis xelze

mzeze ubrwyinvalesad elvarebda. aTrTolebulma andriam gverdiT mdgom mowafes,

saxelad epifanes, hkiTxa: „xedav, Zmao, mTeli samyarosTvis mlocvel dedofals da

ufals?“ „vxedav, Zmao da vZrwi“, upasuxa epifanem. isini didxans Sescqerodnen

sakvirvel sanaxaobas.

„aris varaudi, rom RvTismSoblis safarvelis dResaswauli ruseTSi dawesda,

sxvebis azriT ki-saberZneTSi. am varaudis Tanaxmad, saberZneTis eklesias XII

saukunis pirvel naxevarSi unda daewyo misi aRniSnva da swored aqedan Sevida

ruseTSic. droTa ganmavlobaSi berZnebs es dResaswauli miuviwyebiaT, dakargula

saRvTismSoblo wignebic, sadac igi ixseneboda. dReisaTvis SemorCenili uZvelesi

wyaroebi, sadac RvTismSoblis safarvelis dResaswaulia naxsenebi, rusulia da

XIIIs. II naxevriT TariRdeba“ (6,8).

ase iqca mandili, safarveli mariam RvTimsSoblis emblemad (7, 78-83).

CvensaviT aqvs gagebuli mandilis saxe nana kucias. misTvis, sruliad logikurad,

amosavali mariam RvTismSoblis locvebia.

„mandilic (safarvelic) RvTismSoblis atributia. „nu ganmaSoreb safarvelsa

Sensa“, - vevedrebiT wminda mariams (yoveldRiuri locva yovladwminda

RvTismSoblis mimarT, raTa vixiloT sulisa da xorcis ganyofis Jams) (3).

„RvTismSoblis daujdomelSi”, meeqvse ikosSi, konstatirebulia: „gixaroden,

soflisa safarvelo, uvrceso RrubelTao“(2).. (8, 27).

„TovlSi“ erTdroulad aris realuri da mistikuri plani ise, rogorc mis mraval

SedevrSi („alvebi TovlSi“, „silaJvarde“, „gobeleni“, „is“).

cxovreba, samSoblo realurad udabnoa, Tovlisa da zamTris (sulieri sicivis)

samefoa. satrfos „TovliviT mkrTali xelebi“ „TovlTa dafnaSia“ uRonod

daxrili, mis xmaSi „faruli dardia“, warsuls ekuTvnis „mSvidi dReebis TeTri

broleba“, sasurvelTan erTad qarSi qrola. TovliviT TeTria sicivismomgvreli

tyeebi, magram sulSi, ocnebaSi, mistikur planSi aris sayvareli Tovli,

qalwulisdari „iisferi Tovli“, udabnoSi gaelvebuli mandili.

vfiqrobT, qalwulic, xidic da „iisferi Tovlic“ mariamis saxe-

xatebia,ganuSorebeli poetisgan, magram mwuxarebis aRmZvrelia realoba,

„zambaxebis wyebad dawyena“: „amitom miyvars iisfer Tovlis Cveni mdinaris xididan

fena, mwuxare grZnoba qrolvis, mimovlis da zambaxebis wyebad dawyena“.

Cvenis azriT, zambaxi, zambaxis princesa, zambaxis Tasi, zambaxis kalaTi,

zambaxebis fiala mariam RvTismSoblis paradigmebia.

TovlSi wyebad dawyenili zambaxebis paralelurad, galaktionis leqsebSi

gvxvdeba gayinuli, gardacvlili, gaTelili, burusebs iqiT gauCinarebuli,

qarisagan gaZarculi, silaSi moqceuli vardebi. vfiqrobT, es saxeebi xan qristeze,

xan mariamze mimaniSnebelia da aTeistur epoqaSi deda-Zis ignorirebas ukeTebs

aqcents.

TovlSi wyebad dawvenil zambaxebSi urwmunoTagan uaryofili mariami unda

vigulisxmoT.

leqsSi Semdeg warsulze keTdeba aqcenti, romelic savse iyo Tovlis siyvaruliT,

idumali arsebis xmaSi dafaruli dardiT, qarSi qrolviT, „mSvidi dReebis TeTri

brolebiT“... martoobis gziT... „aris gza, aris neli TamaSi... da Sen midixar marto,

117

sul marto! me Tovli miyvars, rogorc Sens xmaSi erT dros faruli dardi

miyvarda! miyvarda maSin, maTrobda maSin mSvidi dReebis TeTri broleba, mindvris

foTlebi Sens daSlil TmaSi da Tmebis qariT gamoqroleba“...

gza saRmrTo saxelia: „me var gza, WeSmariteba da sicocxle (ioane, 14,6) (9, 211).

RvTis gzaze martoa poeti da es gza sulis sidiadis gzaa...

poetis siyvarulis sagania „mSvidi dReebis TeTri broleba“. „broleba“

neologizmia.

galaktions uyvars „brolis ritmi, musika“ („WinkasTan saubari“) „sicocxlis

broli“, ... laJvardi brolis“ (ori mrisxane stiqiis brZola“) „brolis ca“ _

RmerTebis savane.

dRec saRmrTo saxelia (10, 122).

„mSvidi dReebis TeTri broleba“, vfiqrobT, originaluri saxea RvTisa.

mistikurTan erTad, realuri cxovrebis Tanamgzavris moazrebas hgavs idumali

arsebis TanxlebiT qrolva qarSi, mZafri siyvarulis wyurvili, „TeTri tyeebis“

garemoSi svla marto da isev Tovlis saSualebiT daxasiaTeba garemosi.

leqsis finalSi isev Tovlia gancdebis warmmarTveli, dRis xareba „lurji da

daRaluli fifqiT“ aTovs poets da isev zamTrisa da qarisagan gadarCenis natvriT

mTavrdeba leqsi: „Tovs! amnair dRis xarebam lurji da daRaluli fifqiT

damTova. rogorme zamTars Tu gadavurCi! rogorme qarma Tu mimatova!“

originaluri, Tovliani dRis xarebaSi movlenili „lurji da daRaluli fifqi“

leqsis dasawyisSi gaelvebul „iisferi Tovlis“ mSvenierebas exmianeba,

amravalferovnebs am ganumeorebel saxes axali elferiT da, vfiqrobT,

mniSvnelobiTac misi identuria.

literatura


2. biblia or wignad, wigniII, Tb. 1990

3. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani or tomad, t. I, Tb. 1988.

4. zviad gamsaxurdia, „vefxistyaosnis” saxismetyveleba, Tb. 1991.

5. soso sigua, qarTuli modernizmi, Tb. 2002.

6. gaz. „asaval-dasavali”, 10-16 oqtomberi, 2005, ¹41/580.

7. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis simbolikis erTi aspeqti, soxumis

universitetis macne, 2007, ¹1

8. nana kucia, „Tovlis“ zogierTi paradigmebi, Jurnali kulturaTaSoriso

komunikaciebi, Tb. 2008, ¹5.



„verxvebi“

118

galaktion tabiZis msoflmxedvelobis wvdoma mxolod misi simbolur-metaforuli

saxeebis gaSifrviT aris SesaZlebeli.

poetebis mefis lirikis upirvelesi Temaa rwmenis, rogorc pirovnuli Tu

SemoqmedebiTi gansxivosnebis umTavresi faqtoris, erTguleba, amasTan,

RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragediis warmoCena.

„verxvebi“ poetur-musikaluri, Rrma qveteqstebis, sagulisxmo Canafiqris leqsia,

romlis hangi cremls adens mkiTxvels Tu msmenels., nawarmoebis sityvebSi,

striqonebSi „arsaamsoflo“, „araqauri“ niavi uberavs. leqsis jadosnuri

metyveleba TiTqos haersac cvlis irgvliv, da „xmaT aiazma“ gvepkureba, vgrZnobT

zenaaris moaxloebiT SeZrul suls, idumalis frTebis Sexebas.

qaris daberva da verxvis foTolTa laSqari aSrialebs leqsSi uSores zRapars:

„yovelTvis, roca daberavs qari da nisls mTebisas gaifens afrad, verxvis

foTolTa TeTri laSqari aSrialdeba uSores zRaprad“.

afra, anZa, ialqani, Ruza sulis simboloa sasuliero poeziaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi

(grigol RvTismetyvelis swavlani, efrem mciris Targmani(1,82).

qaris daberva suliwmindis – STagonebis movlinebas gvacnobs. suliwmidis

gamocxadeba „mobervis“, „dabervis“, „uJamo mobervis“ cnebebiT gamoixateba

saxarebaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi, dionise areopagelis SromebSi.

„saRmrTo suliTaa gapirobebuli RvTiuri moberva „zeSTagoneba“, werda grigol

noseli („pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaTvis“ (2,263).

„verxvebis“ pirveli strofi suliwmidis STagonebiT avsebas gvamcnobs da

RvTaebriviT sulis ganaTeba warsulis uSores zRapars aSrialebs, rogorc

„verxvis foTolTa TeTr laSqars“.

galaktionis leqsebSi „tye saidumlod Srialebs“, „ocneba Srialebs„, „aSrialdeba

fiqrTa samosi“, anu xdeba imis mosmena, risTvisac saWiroa ara mxolod

musikaluri yuri, aramed gulis yuri; sulis Tvali, „TvalebiT smena“, rogorc

TviTon acxadebs poeti.

pavle mociqulis mixedviT, niWTa gamnawilebuli aris suliwmida. adamians sulis

mier eZleva sibrZnis sityva, codnis sityva, rwmena, gankurnebaTa niWi,

saswaulmoqmedeba, winaswarmetyveleba, sulebis garCeva, sxvadasxva enebi, enebis

ganmarteba (I-korinTelTa, 1,2,7,8,9,10).

galaktioni sulis mier sibrZnis sityviT, sulebis garCevis unariT iyo

momadlebuli da es sibrZne iyo igavuri (rogorc winaswarmetyvelTa) da

musikaluri erTdroulad.

poets ekuTvnis gamonaTqvami: „gana azri musika ar aris?“ Tanac, umetesad, es

zeciuri, cidan miwaze CamoRweuli musikaa, rac galaktionis leqsebs locvebs,

sagaloblebs uaxloebs da gamoarCevs saukunis yvela lirikosisagan.

vfiqrobT, verxvi sicocxlis xis sinonimia, sicocxlis xe ki RmerTis simboluri

saxelia.

„Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi, sasuliero poeziaSi, d. guramiSvilis

daviTianSi“ xe cxovrebisa RvTaebis metaforuli saxelia“ (3. 120-121).

sicocxlis xis variaciebia libanis naZvi (a.baqraZe), alva, palma, kiparisi (z.

gamsaxurdia), vazi (r. siraZe, el. metreveli, g. murRelia).

119

galaktionis poeziaSi sicocxlis xis mniSvnelobiT ixseneba alva, palma, kiparisi,

naZvi, bza, verxvi.

leqsSi verxvis foTolTa laSqrisagan aSrialebuli zRapriT da „Zveli RviniT“

Tvreba poeti „ugonod“, sadRac dakarguli vardi da gvirilebi ki mxolod

mogonebebSi arsebobs: „zRapari igi maTrobs da mxiblavs Zveli Rvinis smiT,

ugonod, mZafrad, sadRac dakargul vards da gvirilebs mogonebebSi viWer

Tanabrad“.

galaktionis verxvebis anu sulieri xis rwmena mware sinamdvilem uSores zRaprad

aqcia, magram poets urwmunoebis epoqaSic ar gauwyvetia kavSiri uzenaesTan,

romlis simboloebia „Zveli Rvino“, vardi, gvirilebi.

leqsSi Troba xdeba rogorc zRapriT, ise „Zveli RviniT“.

galaktionis poeziaSi sxvaganac gvxvdeba „ZvelisZveli Rvino“, „feeriul

akidosTan“ erTad („ZvelisZvel Rvinos“), „ukvdavi Rvinis“ migneba („mogoneba“),

„cisferi Rvinoebis“ („stiroda suli cisfer Rvinoebs“) wyurvili.

vfiqrobT, am konteqstebis Rvino ufalze mimaniSnebelia.

„verxvebis“ „Zveli Rvinos“ wyarod biblia unda miviCnioT: „gaumarTavs cabaoT

ufali yvela xalxs am mTaze nadims msuye kerZebiT, nadims Zveli RviniT, Zveli

dawmendili RviniT“ (esaia winaswarmetyveli, T. 25,13).

„verxvebis“ „Zveli RviniT“ Troba uflis WeSmarit siyvaruls mianiSnebs.

galaktioni xan poeziiT Tvreboda, xan fiqriT, yviTel foTlebiT, cecxliT,

yofniT (cecxli, yofna-cxovreba saRmrTo saxelebia). poets epyra „alis Tasi“,

„cecxliani azarfeSa“, „sixarulis Wiqa“, Tu „Tasi dRis xmaTa“. ali, cecxli,

sixaruli-saRmrTo saxelebia. (ix. Cvens wignSi - galaktion tabiZis filosofiuri

lirikis sakiTxebi“, Tb., 1996, gv. 117).

saanalizo leqsis striqonebi gaucxoebul ufalze migvaniSnebs dakarguli

vardebiT da gvirilebiT, romlebic poetis mogonebebSi arsebobs.

vardi, yvavili RmerTis metaforuli saxelia.

„yvavilis, abraamis yvavilis, gulis yvavilis, saRmrTo yvavilis, cxovrebis

yvavilis“ magaliTebs, romelTac religiuri Sinaarsi gaaCniaT, uxvad imowmebs

prof. t. mosia Tavis „saRvTo saxismetyvelebaSi“ (3, 105-107).

galaktionma gaamravalferovna saRmrTo gagebis vardTa saxeebi: „Tovlis vardi,

cecxlis vardi, sicocxlis vardi, Crdili vardebis buCqis... TasiT“, yvavilebi

sicocxlis dilis, trfobis wminda yvavili, udabnos yvavili“ – qristes

simboluri saxelebia. aseTive azrisaa mudmivi gazafxulis yvavilebi („akaki

wereTeli“).

ratom aris „verxvebSi“ dakargul vardsa da gvirilebze saubari?

galaktionis leqsebSi dakargul vardze da, saerTod, yvavilis saxeebisTvis

Tvalis gadevneba dagvarwmunebs, rom dakarguli vardebi, daSxamuli, damWknari,

setyviT daRupuli, burusebs iqiT gauCinarebuli yvavilebi, yinviT gayinuli,

dawyvetili, gaTelili vardebi RmerTis simboluri saxelebia da poetis

Tanamedrove satanuri epoqis mier uaryofil RmerTze miniSnebaa.

aseTi saxeebi gvxvdeba galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi socializmis gamarjvebamdec da

merec, radgan antiqristes movlineba me-19 saukunidan daiwyo da Zlevamosili

socializmis dros daidga taxti.

120

sad, rodis, risTvis? kiTxulobs poeti da agondeba odesRac miZinebulebi: „es iyo

winaT, didi xnis winaT... sad, rodis, risTvis? ar vici ara! iyvnen odesRac da

mieZinaT... Relavs foTlebis mwyobri kamara“.

SemTxveviTi rodia foTlebisa da misi Relvis aqcentireba.

ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebaSi naTqvamia: „mdinaris orsave napirze gaizrdeba

yovelgvari xe, sakvebis momcemi, ar daWkneba misi foToli da ar moileva misi

nayofi. yovel Tves inayofebs, radgan sawmidaridan idinebs misi wylebi. misi

nayofi saWmelad iqneba da misi foToli gansakurneblad“ (ezekieli, 47,12).

galaktionis „verxvebSi“ sneuli verxvi oxravs, verxvebi swuxan („zRapridan“),

Wkneba, iyineba foToli, rac epoqis tragizmis xazgasmaa erTi arsebiTi StrixiT.

„verxvebis“ finalSi warsulze, verxvis foTlebis kvnesaze, yvavilebiT

dagvirgvinebul paJsa da princesaze modis aqcenti: „es iyo winaT, didi xnis winaT,

es iyo verxvis foTlebis kvnesa, drom yvavilebiT dagvagvirgvina, me paJi viyav, is

ki – princesa“.

am striqonebSi „yvavilebiT“ (Ze RmerTiR) dagvirgvinebuli aris mariami, paJi-

leqsis lirikuli gmiria, igive poeti, mariamis da qristes mowiwebiT moTayvane,

maTze muxlmoyriT mlocveli.

princesasTan erTad, „dedofali alva“ mariamis saxelia galaktionis „saRamoSi“.

am saxes wyaroebi eZebneba „fsalmunSi“, sasuliero poeziaSi (filipes „beTlemis

sagaloebeli“ (5, 494), dantes („RvTaebriv komediaSi“ (6,407), goeTes („faustSi“ (7,

576).

„verxvebSi“ yvavilebiT dagvirgvinebuli princesa iqcevs yuradRebas, „avdris

molodinSi“ – „nel lerwebiT da vazis mtevnebiT“ dagvirgvinebuli qalwuli.

qalwuli ki mariamia.

mivmarToT esaia winaswarmetyvels: „Tavad mogcems meufe niSans: aha, mucladiRebs

qalwuli da Sobs Zes da uwodebs saxelad emanuels (esaia, T.7.14).

„verxvebSi“ princesas gvirgvini aris yvavili (qriste), „avdris molodinSi“

qalwulis gvirgvinia“ neli lerwebi da vazis mtevnebi (qriste sulieri vazia).

gvirgvinis saxe bibliidan momdinareobs: „im dRes sabaoT ufali iqneba didebis

gvirgvini da brwyinvale jiRa Tavisi eris narComisaTvis“ (esaia, T.18,. 5).

„sionze“ mgloviareT misces gvirgvini nacris nacvlad, sixarulis zeTi glovis

nacvlad“ (esaia, 61, 3).

princesas sxvaganac vardebTan moixsenebs galaktioni: „TvalebiT veZebdi zambaxis

princesas, mwyuroda cisferi vardebi“ („es iyo 15 wlis winaT“). „cisferi

vardebis“ adresati aris qriste, „zambaxis princesasi“ – mariami.

princesa mefis asulia. am saxis STamagonebeli SeiZleba iyos fsalmuni: „mTeli

dideba mefis asulisa SigniTaa, mooqrovilia misi samosi“ (fs. 44/45, 14).

mariams ewodeba agreTve „daviTis asuli, asuli sioneveli“ (8, 75-76).

1915 wels dawerili galaktionis „verxvebi“ da 1927 wliT daTariRebuli misive „es

iyo 15 wlis winaT“ erTnairad avlens RmerTisa da RvTismSoblis siyvaruls,

amasTan, epoqis gulgrilobas am saxeebisadmi. sanTlis CaqrobiT, grigaliT,

qviTiniT, zambaxis princesisa da cisferi vardebis ZiebiT iqcevs yuradRebas „es

iyo 15 wlis winaT“.

leqsSi„wminda giorgi“ figurirebs „zambaxebis fiala“ da „cvari“. aqac „zambaxebis

fiala“ mariamis, cvari“ qristes simboluri saxelia.

121

„TovlSi“ (1916w.) „zambaxebis wyebad dawvena“ gvamcnobs antireligiur ganwyobas.

leqsSi „guli“ Sexvedra gviwevs „dawyvetil vardebTan“, usivrco baRTan,

dangreul qandakebebsa, Zeglebsa da maT qveS oblad damarxuli gulis fonze

gaazrebul zambaxTan.

sxvagan „elvare Rame ayiravebs zambaxTa kalaTs“ (“guli grZnobs“). vfiqrobT,.

„zambaxTa kalaTi“ mariams, xolo „Rame“ uRmerTo epoqas SegvagrZnobinebs.

„ornamentSi“ fanjris minebze glediCiebis, orxideebis, zambaxebis“ gadayinuli

saxeebiT keTdeba aqcenti rwmenis dagmobaze.

„portretis“ lirikuli gmiri „sigiJiT ynosavs vardebs da zambaxs“, „zamTris

motivebSi“ „simaRleebis sizmrebia zambaxeuli“. originaluri saxea „zambaxeuli

simaRleebi“.

mokled, zambaxis Tasi, zambaxebis fiala, zambaxis princesa da zambaxi mariamis

simboloebad gvesaxeba, romelTa pirdapir wyaroebs ver mivakvlieT.

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom „verxvebi“ dawerilia religiur Temaze. masSi

qristianuli RmerTis simboloebia verxvi, Zveli Rvino, vardi, mariamisa –

princesa. maTi siyvaruli totaluri uaryofis epoqam „uSores zRaprad “ aqcia,

magram leqsis lirikuli personaJi, igive avtori – mainc paJia anu erTguli

msaxuri deda–Zis maradiuli xatebis.

leqsSi ara idiliuri, gawonasworebuli, aramed akvnesebuli suli RaRadebs

imdenad Zireul, mniSvnelovan WeSmaritebas da ise diadia saTqmelic da misi

gamoxatvis formac, rom zeciur sagaloblad iRvreba mkiTxvelis arsebaSi.

literatura

1. Tamar kukava, efrem mciris iambikoebi, Tb. 1988.

2. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, Tb., 1989.

3. tite mosia,, saRvTo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1996.

4. iqve.

5. Cveni saunje t. I, Tb. 1960


7. goeTe, fausti, Tb. 1962.


„ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT“.

idumaleba, simbolur-igavuri saxeebiT azrovneba galaktion tabiZis erT-erTi

mTavari esTetikuri principia. amasTan, misi metaforebi, umetesad, urTulesi

msoflmxedvelobis gasaRebia.

122

azrovnebis aseT wess erTgulebs poeti xSir SemTxvevaSi da xilulis

saSualebiT mihyavs mkiTxveli uxilavamde, sagnobriviT migvaniSnebs miRmurze,

miwidan avyavarT zecamde. „sivrceTa gradaciebs“ misCerebia misi utyuari mzera.

amjerad gvainteresebs galaktionis “alvebi TovlSi” da misi enigmuri saxeebi.

mivmarToT nawarmoebis teqsts: „daaTrobs mTvare Tovlian alvebs ivlisisferi

yinvis TasebiT! siTeTre Svenis maRal mwvervalebs, viT sasZlos farCa da

almasebi. mokrialebul haerSi odes gulcivad brwyinavs farCa naTeli, oh, netavi

ar Seirxeodes gadazneqili sizmrebis weli! mkrTali vardebi dascviva xelebs,

CamoiSleba Suqi-pirbade da ucnob Ramis Sor sakurTxevels unda vuxmobde

ganTiadamde. dgas gayinulTa ocnebaT kreba: mTa TeTri, rogorc maRali raSi... da

uCvev naTels ealerseba Cveul sicivis mZinarebaSi“.

am leqss Seexo Tavis sadoqtoro disertaciaSi Teimuraz doiaSvili da sworad

SeniSna, rom masSi dapirispirebulia „uCveulo naTeli“ da „Cveuli sicive“. gamoyo

„ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebi” da musikalobis principiT Seqmnili uwoda. leqsis

saerTo Canafiqrsa da sxva saxeebze ar SeCerebula.

T. doiaSvilis azriT, nawarmoebSi ganxorcielebulia simbolisturi devizi:

„realuridan zerealurisken“. leqsSi mocemulia dualisturi koncefcia-

empiriuli sinamdvile („Cveuli sicive“) da irealuri qveyana (“uCvevi naTeli“).

dualizmis daZleva xdeba obieqturi sinamdvilis gardaqmniT poetis subieqtur

xilvebSi – „Cveuli sicividan uCvevi naTelisken”.

„leqsSi saganTa empiriuli asaxva adgils uTmobs metafizikurad gardaqminil

poetur xilvas, „sxva realobas”. xorcieldeba is, ris gamoc a. beli werda: „saxe,

rogorc cnobierebis gansazRvruli Sinaarsis modeli, aris simbolo. gancdaTa

simbolizaciis meTodi saxeebis meSveobiT aris simbolizmi” (a.beli, „arabeskebi“,

1911w. gv. 254), acxadebs mecnieri.

fraza „ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT“ axsnilia Seucnobis, iracionaluris

gamoxatvis surviliT, ramac simbolizmi musikasTan miiyvana. xazgasmulia

„miniSnebis poetika“ („dRiur prozidan“).

T. doiaSvilis sadoqtoro disertaciis avtoreferatidan „galaktion tabiZis

saxeobrivi azrovneba“, Tb. 1995w.)

vfiqrobT, simboluria leqsis saTauris „alvebi“, romelic Tovlis TanxlebiT

aris warmodgenili.

simboluri xis mravalnairi variacia gvxvdeba galaktionis leqsebSi: arsebobis

xe, borotebis xe, usaxelo da gacamtverebuli xe, cecxlwakidebuli fantastiuri

xe, axal cxovrebis xe da xexili, maradi xe, cnobadis nergi, xis wveTi, sicocxlis

xe, simarTlis xe, yvela xe, “Talxis”, cremlis xe, sulieri venaxi.

am tipis saxeebia: zenitze mdgari Sori palmebi, mzeTunaxavi da mkrTali saxis

alva, alva tanadi, verxvi, tirifi, kiparisi, bza, muxa.

damafiqrebeli frazebia: sulSexuTul xeTa mefuri... zrda, alvis sulis zrda,

alvis xis gadarCena, atmis xis sulis... TrTola, yvela xe leqsebs Srialebs...

„alvebi TovlSi“ mistikuris dominantiT, dafaruli qveteqstebiT, uCveulo

xilvebiT ipyrobs yuradRebas. masSi unda gaiSifros calkeuli leqsikuri

erTeulebi, umTavresi azrobrivi datvirTvis mqone frazebi. esenia: mTvare,

Tovlian alvebs rom aTrobs ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT, siTeTriT damSvenebuli

mwvervalebi, sasZlos farCa da almasebi, gadazneqili sizmrebis weli, xelebisgan

123

dacvenili mkrTali vardebi, CamoSlili Suqi-pirbade, ucnobi Ramis Sori

sakurTxevlisa da ganTiadis lodini, TeTri da raSiviT maRali mTa, uCvevi naTeli

da Cveuli sicive, rac kosmiuri sicivis asociacias qmnis.

„gadazneqili sizmrebi“ da misi „weli“, vfiqrobT, poetis xilvebia. sizmari,

zRapari xSirad poeturi gamonagonis identuria galaktionis poeziaSi (am

problemas dawvrilebiT vexebiT Cvens pirvel wignSi „galaktion tabiZis poeziis

problemuri sakiTxebi“, Tb. 1991w. gv. 31-46).

mainc ra ixila poetma Tavis sizmrebSi? aki xazs usvamda Tavisi sizmrebis

gansakuTrebulobas: „me vxedav sizmrebs araTqveneburs“. poezia xom „aramiwieri

sizmaria (a.bloki), „TvalRia sizmari“ (g. robaqiZe), „dedamiwis sizmari“

(t.graneli), „uneburi sizmari“ (galaktioni).

gvagondeba Stefan cvaigis naTqvami dostoevskis winaswarmetyvelur sizmrebze:

„misi samyaro... SesaZloa wuTisoflis yvelaze srulyofili halucinaciaa, sulis

momlandebeli Rrma da winaswarmetyveluri sizmaria, sizmari, romelic

sinamdvilesac ki jabnis, magram es mainc realizmia, sakuTari sazRvrebidan

fantastikurSi rom gadasula... uCveulod zusti, fantastikuri detalebiT

miwasTan arian misi gmirebi mijaWvuli, arc erTi maTgani araa landebis samyaros

binadari“ (St. cvaigi, „dostoevski“, wignSi „fantastikuri Rame“, Tb. 1966w. gv. 211,

243).

Cvenis azriT, poetma, erTi mxriv, RvTaebrivi simaRle da siwminde ixila,

gonieri zecis binadarni sakuTar sulSi davanebulni, meore mxriv ki, dacvenili

vardebi, damdablebuli Suqi, gayinuli ocnebebi, Cveuli sicive da ucnobi Ramis,

ganTiadis, uCveulo naTlis natvram aitana.

galaktionis alva, palma, kiparosi, Talxis, cremlis xe, verxvi, bza, sulieri

venaxi, tirifi, naZvi aris sicocxlis xis variaciebi.

sicocxlis xe arsebobas bibliaSi, kerZod, SesaqmeSi iwyebs da RvTaebis

simboloa (wigni dabadebisa, 50,9).

ioanes gamocxadebis „xe cxovrebisa, nayofisa gamomRebeli aTormetTa nayofTa”

(T. 22, 1-2) – qristesa da mis Tormet mociquls gulisxmobs.

axal aRTqmaSivea Seqmnili am saxis axleburi variacia: „SeiwynareT nergi

sityvisai, romel SemZlebel ars cxovrebad sulTa TqvenTa“ (kaTolike epistole

iakobisa, 1,2)

RvTismetyvelebaSi asea komentirebuli sicocxlis xe: „xe cxovrebisai, viTarca

xatebai RmrTisai“ (grigol noseli).

amgvarad ganmartavs am saxes ioane damaskeli.

„RvTaebriv komediaSi“ qristes simboloa „diadi xe“, „xe tkbili“: „amasobaSi

miveaxleT Cven xesa diads“ („RvTaebriv komedia“, Tb. 1941w. gv.234).

qarTul himnografiaSi gaigivebulia „sicocxlis xe“ da „cnobadis xe“ da igi

xan mariams, xan qristes gulisxmobs.

daviT guramiSvilis fraza: „zed gulze vibi igi xe, kaciani da RvTiani“ –

qristes orbunebovnebas gamoxatavs da Zalze originaluria“ (t. mosia, saRvTo

saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1995w. gv. 121).

sicocxlis xis saxeebia libanis naZvi (a. baqraZe), alva, palma, kiparisi (z.

gamsaxurdia), vazi (v. bardaveliZe, r. siraZe, g. murRulia).

124

g. tabiZis “alva” sicocxlis xis (RmerTis) sinonimia. misi wyaroa biblia,

romelSic RmerTi ambobs: „me amwvanebuli alva var, Cemgan geqneba Sen nayofi“

(osia, 13,9).

es alva poetma moiazra TovlSi, gayinuli ocnebebis, „Cveuli sicivis“ fonze,

roca xelebidan dacvenilia „mkrTali vardebi“, CamoSlili da damdablebulia

Suqi.

yvavili saRmrTo saxelia.

„yvavili cxovrebisa“ miCneulia qristes simbolod.(tite mosia, „saRvTo

saxismetyveleba“, gv. 105-107).

saocari Sesityvebaa „mTvare... TasebiT anu yinvis TasebiT, romelic aTrobs

Tovlian alvebs”.

mTvaris mariam RvTismSoblis simbolod gaazrebis ori magaliTi aqvs

damowmebuli profesor tite mosias „saRvTismSoblo saxismetyvelebaSi“. igi wers:

„mzesTan, mzisTvalTan erTad mariamis simbolur-alegoriuli saxelia mTvarec:

„mTvare dadga wmidasa zeda Tvissa, qalwuli ubiwo“ („uZvelesi iadgari, gv.439).

„wyobilsityvaobis“ avtori wers: „saydrad mzed, viTa winaSe RvTisa qmnilad,

xolo mTovared gamtkicebulad savsed“. magram macxovris dedis simbolod...

mTvaris gamoyeneba didad gavrcelebuli rodia sasuliero mwerlobaSi“, askvnis

mecnieri (zemoTdasaxelebuli monografia, gv. 99)

Tasi, fiala, romelSic gedeonma Caswura cvari sawmisis, mariamis simboloa.

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom galaktionis alva (sicocxlis xe) Tovliania, Tasi

(mariami) gayinuli.

vfiqrobT, „ivlisisferi yinvis “Tasebis” Canafiqris gaxsnaSi dagvexmareba

poetis sxva analogiuri saxeebi.

aramarto ivlisSi, maisSic moelis galaktionis lirikuli gmiri yinvas: „maisis

dReebs is moelis,viT zamTris yinvas, TiTqo samudamod damWknara mdelo,

gaaxsendeba raRac mkacri da aRar sZinavs da imeorebs: gaCumdi, mkvlelo“ (viT

afeTqeba) “aqve „TiTqo usazRvro saRamoa da mTa binddeba”.

gazafxulis Tovli, Tovliani naZvi da gayinuli nakadulis saxe mniSvnelovani

Canafiqrisaa sxva leqsSic: „TeTr Tavlis qveS sizmrebs wahyva mTis grexili uxmo,

Sori... Tovlis fifqiT Seimosa naZvi totebdaxlarTuli da mRelvare gazafxulze

gaiyina nakaduli. gaiyina cis laJvardi, gaiyina qveynis guli“.

e.i. mTavaria, rom TovlSi mTa gauCinarda, naZvi TovliT Seimosa da es moxda

gazafxulze.

mTa mariamis simboloa. es saxe momdinareobs danielis winaswarmetyvelebidan:

„hxedavT, vidre ara gamoekveTa lodi mTisagan Tvinier xelis” (dan. win. 2,34). mTa

wminda mariamis simboloa, lodi-qristesi (t. mosia, „saRvTismSoblo

saxismetyveleba“, gv.98).

naZvi saRmrTo saxelia: „ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: aviReb tots maRali naZvidan

da davrgav: maRal da asvetil mTaze davrgav“ (ezekieli, 17,22).

galaktionTan Tovliania naZvic, alvac, mTac da es sabediswero Tovli modis

gazafxulze.

iyineba yvavilebic („ornamenti“).

iyineba tba, iyineba sisxli, siSaveSi iyineba da ar arsebobs ca: „me

marwmunebdnen: foTlebi gahqra, ca ar arsebobs mRvrie Tu wminda, raRac uniWo

125

ocnebam dahkra da siSaveSi igi gayinda . me marwmunebdnen, rom ar iqneba, Sen

dausjelad giyvardes igi, marwmunebdnen, rom ar gardiqmneba mkacri dReebis yofa

da rigi“ (me marwmunebdnen”). marTlac, RmerTis siyvaruli dausjelad ar

SeiZleboda urwmunoebis zeobis Jams.

leqsSi „oforti“ „elvare TovlSi mihqris marxili, rom moixvios TeTri

avdari“ aqve: „gayinulia TiTqo mxedari da idumal wuxs: ra siCumea!“

totaluri gayinvis suraTia leqsSi „SexedeT miwa!”, romelSic gvxvdeba yinulis

saxlebi, koSkebi, yinulis qalaqi, yinulovani garemocva, romelsac adnobs poetis

gulis siTbo.

zamTris dReebs boroti sulis TareSi kidev ufro gausaZliss xdis,

mosalodnelia kosmiuri sicivis gabatoneba: „zamTris dReebi modis mware

egzersisebad, me ram axali maTi mosvliT ar meRirseba. modis sicive da TareSi

sulis borotis, didi sicive, kosmiuri sicive modis“.

aSkaraa, rom zamTaric da sicivec simboluri azrisaa.

„arawminda, samsaliT savse Tovlzea“ saubari „mSvidobis wignSi“: „Tovlo, Sen

isev ginda iqneba misdio ganvlils? mimRebi davlis, Zala momavlis ar moiqneba...

ukanaskneli Seni samsala gviCveno ginda? o, arawminda! simarTle vin da an ram

dasZala? ginda momikla, magram RvariviT dneba is Tovli mzis elvarebiT“.

poemis mixedviT, Tovls da zvavs ugzavnis Cvens qveyanas „mteri meore“,

„mgmobari megobari“. sayuradReboa fraza: „sicives mZevlad karga xans hyvandiT“.

„Tovlia“ poetis samSoblo: „...rom sxva samSoblo ar gamaCnia, rom es Tovlia Cemi

samSoblo“ „oforti“ marTlac, patara erebs sabWoeTSi ara sakuTari, aramed

Tovliani civi qveyana unda eRiarebinaT upirveles samSoblod.

leqsSi „guli grZnobs“ aris saocari saxe: „mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvana feradma

gemma“.

gemi rwmenis simbolod ganimarteba netari agustines mier. galaktionisTvis

„feradi gemi“, romelmac ara qarTul, „gazafxulismagvar TovlTan“, aramed

„mwuxare TovlTan“, „gulgamyinvel vaebasTan“ migviyvana erTmorwmuneobis,

qristianobis saxeliT, aris imperiuli ruseTi, romelmac „Savi Tovlis” SiSiT

Segvzara.

simboluri zamTriT, Tovliani alviT da naZviT, TovliT dafaruli mTiT,

yinviani guliT da TasiT migvaniSna galaktionma Cvens erovnul da sarwmunoebriv

problemebze. TavisuflebawarTmeul, saxelmwifowarTmeul qarTvels RmerTis

rwmenasac ukargavdnen, mis mziur suls yinviani da Tovliani suliT atialebdnen,

raTa daekninebinaT da ufro kargad daemonebinaT.

„damaluli RalatiT, dafaruli codvebiT“(„samreklo udabnoSi“), yinuliani

guliT ganTqmuli “ufrosi Zmis“ mimarTeba Cveni guliT ganTqmuli qveynisadmi

aZrwmunebs galaktions da evedreba uzenaess: „daadne sxivi, sulo ciuro,

sicivisagan gayinul gulze“...

poeti winaswarmetyvelebda did avdars, kosmiur sicives, boroti sulis TareSs:

„zamTris dReebi modis mware egzersisebad, me ram axali maTi mosvliT ar

meRirseba. modis sicive da TareSi sulis borotis, didi sicive, kosmiuri sicive

modis“.

aSkaraa, rom zamTaric da sicivec did, saukuno kataklizmebze mianiSnebs.

126

Tovli Savia, Tovli vardisferia, Tovli mwuxarea, Tovli iisferia, bnelia Tova,

Tovli zeciuri sispetakea, Tovli qalwulia.

poetma ganicada „okeane, Sori yinuli“ („maisma isev momitana laJvardi zRvebi“).

sulSic „auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji yinulia” („Cems gulSi“). „yinva

feeriulia“, rac arsebiTia, Cvenis azriT.

„saukuneTa Tovli“ qceula eris ubedurebad leqsSi “warwera xovles

ornamentze“.

zemoTdamowmebuli magaliTebis Tovli da yinuli didi saqveyno satkivrebis

mimaniSnebelia.

gansakuTrebiT erTnairi saxeebi gvxvdeba leqsebSi „oforti”, „alvebi TovlSi“,

„qalaqi wyalze“.

mokled: yinulis sasaxle, yinulis qalaqi, yinulis koSkebi, yinulovani

garemocva, yinulis guli, gayinuli ca, gayinuli ocneba, gayinuli mxedari, yinvis

Tasi, Tovliani alva, Tovliani naZvi, Tovliani mTa politikuri da religiuri

qveteqstebis Semcveli saxeebia.

„Savia sixalise“, „Savia dideba“.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom galaktioni dascinoda im vaipoetebs, romelnic

„ianvarSic maisis vardi gafurCqvnilis“ hangze mRerodnen („samocdaaTi wlis poeti

quCaSi midis“).

xSirad negatiur konteqstSi moixseneba galaktionis saRmrTo saxelebi: yvavili

Wkneba, ianvris Tovli aWknobs... sulSi naadrev iebs, vardi iyineba, wyaro Sreba,

siyvaruliT aSenebeli koSkebi ingreva, uCinardeba gazafxulis mziani dila, qreba,

qimerebSi vardeba, landad iqceva an gardacvlilia mze, ingreva zeca, imsxvreva

xomaldebi...

aSkaraa, TovlSi, siciveSi, gayinul garemoSi, “Cveul sicivis mZinarebaSi”

darCenili alva araa pativSi, romelic sicocxlis xis simboloa.

gavixsenoT, rom urwmunoebis bacilebi me-19 saukuneSi gavrcelda, aki ilia

WavWavaZe wuxda „aCrdilSi”, rom sicocxlis xe gaxma, wyaro daSra.

saocari datvirTva akisria „mwuxare Tovlis“ saxes: „mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvana

feradma gemma” ... guli grZnobs Ralats“ („guli grZnobs“).

RvTismetyvelebaSi gemi, xomaldi rwmenis simboloa (netari agustine). Tovlis

samefo ki, romelmac mwuxareba mogvitana, rusuli bolSevizmia, sxvagan xom

aqcentirebulia misi guli–yinuli“, garegnulad „TeTrad spetaki“, magram „marad

Savi“ („918“).

maS, fraza – „mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvana feradma gemma“ – erTmorwmuneobis gamo

qristianul ruseTTan – Tovlis samefosTan dakavSirebas unda gulisxmobdes,

romelmac mravali mwuxareba mogvitana.

„iq Savi TovliT damaTovs Wvartli da burusi Tavanis“, wuxda poeti leqsSi

„Semodgoma umanko Casaxebis mamaTa savaneSi“. wmindaTa savaneSi, romelic

gauqmebulia, Wvartli da burusi Tovs Savi TovliviT, radgan uaryofilia

uzenaesi.

da isev saanalizo leqsze: Tu SeiZleba gazafxulze gaiyinos nakaduli, wyaro,

qveynis guli, mxedari, ca, Tu SeiZleba moxdes totaluri gayinva, ratom ar

SeiZleba gaiyinos Tasi, ocneba?

127

vfiqrobT, leqsSi „alvebi TovlSi“ realur viTarebas (urwmunoebas) aqcenti

ukeTdeba ori mTavari azrobrivi qveteqstis mqone saxiT, esenia Tovliani alva da

gayinuli Tasi.

magram leqsSi figurirebs ara ubralod yinvis Tasi, aramed “ivlisisferi

yinvis Tasebi”.

“ivlisisfers” cisferis transformirebad miiCneven, musikalobis dominantze

miuTiTeben (r. burWulaZe) magram es azrs ar cvlis, aRrmavebs. ivlisis,

gazafxulis, zafxulis (saRmrTo saxelia) Tasi (mariamis simbolo) yinvis, anu

gulgrili epoqis mier gayinulia, rac rwmenis, RmerTisa da RvTismSoblis

uaryofaze migvaniSnebs.

religiuri Canafiqrisaa leqsis fraza: „siTeTre Svenis maRal mwvervalebs, viT

sasZlos farCa da almasebi“.

„sasZlo“ mariamis simboloa, igi aris „wminda sZali“ (Zlispirni“, gv. 205),

„uqorwinebuli sZali“ (iqve gv.5) „ukvdavi siZis sZali“ (gv. 269), „macxovris usZlo

sZali („nevmirebuli Zlispirni, gv.317).

farCa abreSumis qsovilia, Zvel qarTulSi farCis Sesatyvisi iyo lari (ganZi).

„daujdomelSi“ mariams miemarTeba: „gixaroden, patiosanisa saidumlosa laro“

(t.mosias „saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba“ gv.94)

galaktionis leqsSi mariams, farCasTan erTad, Svenis „almasebi“.

profesori tite mosia wers: „mariamis simboloa iagundi, lali, almasi, anTraki,

safironi. d. guramiSvili ase mimarTavs mas: „almas – anTrak–safirono, iagundo–

lalo“ (iqve.gv..105)

galaktionis leqsis mixedviT ki, mariams Svenis qriste, romlis simboloa

„almasebi“, e.i. aq Secvlilia almasis adresati. poetisTvis „brwyinavs farCa

naTeli“ da ar unda gaeyaros am xilvas, magram sinamdvileSi dacvenili vardebi,

CamoSlili Suqi, gayinuli ocnebebi da „Cveuli sicivis mZinarebaa“ irgvliv.

realobiT SeZrwunebuli poeti eZaxis”ucnob Rames“.

cnobilia „mziani Ramis“ saRmrTo saxelad gagebis tradicia „vefxistyaosansa“

da „daviTianSi“ (ix. amaze tite mosias „oqsimoroni „mziani Ramis problematika“,

Tbilisi, 1999w.) analogiuri Sinaarsis unda iyos galaktionis „ucnobi Rame“.

„ganTiadis“ molodinic xazs usvams poetis amaRlebul swrafvas. „ganTiadic“

saRmrTo saxelia ioanes gamocxadebaSi: „me var Ziri da naTesavi daviTisa da

varskvlavi brwyinvale ganTiadisa“. ganTiadi, ciskarTan erTad, saRmrTo saxelia

(„ciskari saRmrToisa naTlisa“ – nevmirebuli Zlispirni“), rogorc „WeSmariti

ciskari“ (t. mosia, „saRmrTo saxismetyveleba“, gv. 113).

sul mokled rom SevajamoT zemoTqmuli, galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi simboluri

ianvris Tovli yinavs, aWknobs naadrev iebs („samreklo udabnoSi“), iyineba mxedari,

Tasi, yvavili, ocneba ca, wyaro, qveynis guli, totaluria “Sori yinulis“ Zala,

yinulovania saxli, quCa, qalaqi, garemocva da ra gasakviria, rom iyineba Tasi,

iyineba ivlisSi. poeti am sabediswero yinulis samefos Tavisi gulis siTboTi

adnobs („SexedeT, miwa!“)

amasTan, gazafxulze TeTri TovliT ifareba naZvi, Tovlis qveS sizmrebSi

uCinardeba mTa.

sagulisxmoa, rom zamTari gazafxulzeve dgeba: „ arvin aris, rom vuambo droT

zamTari gazafxulze“ („maxsovs“).

128

poetis bediswerad qceula Tovli, yinva, zamTari, wiTeli qari, raSic

politikuri Canafiqria.

mainc imediania galaktioni: „saukuneTa Tovlo iTovle, mainc dadneba eg

naTovlari“, („warwera xovles ornamentze“).

droebiTia, poetis azriT, zamTari, romelic ver SeZlebs uzenaesi sawyisebis

samudamo miCqmalvas: „zamTaro, ase gulisdamxSobo, ver SesZleb, sio rom

gadaswrio, saimsoflio da saamsoflo“ („mSvidobis wigni“). sio suliwmidis

simboloa.

galaktioni imediania, radgan daviT winaswarmetyveliviT jera samarTlianobis

gamarjvebis: „warmogzavnis Tovls matyliviT, TrTvils ferfliT mimofantavs.

gadmouSvebs setyvas puris natexebiviT, mis susxs vin daudgeba win? moavlens

Tavis sityvas da daadnobs maT, dauberavs Tavis qars da gadmodindeba wyali“

(fsalmuni, 147,5,6,7).

ezekiel winaswarmetyveli ase gvarwmunebs uzenaesis yovlisSemZleobaSi:

„uTxari mlesavT, Camowveba –Tqo Tqveni kedeli. wamova Tavsxma da Tqven, yinulis

qvebo, CamocvivdebiT da qariSxali amovardeba.

ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: avtexav qariSxals Cemi risxviT, Tavsxma wamova Cemi

wyromiT da yinulis qvebi Cemi gacecxlebiT ganadgurdeba“ (ezekieli, 13,11,13)

galaktionis „adrian gazafxulSi“ aris rwmena, rom „male gadneba yinuli

lodis“.

poetebis mefis SemoqmedebaSi rwmenis dakargviT gamowveul tkivilTan erTad,

miniSnebulia RmerTisken mibruneba leqsebSi „alvis xis gadarCena“, „ar daRupula“.

amitom qmnis „gadarCenis qebas“, umReris „gadarCenis bednierebas“ da aqac

winaswarmetyveluria misi ganWvreta.

Tavi III

revoluciisa da misi monapovrebis Sefaseba galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi

galaktion tabiZem RmarTisuarmyofel, mefistofelis saukuneSi icxovra. am epoqis

diriJori iyo satana, anu rusuli bolSevizmi.

qarTul saliteraturo kritikaSi galaktioni miCneuli iyo revoluciis poetad,

sabWoTa wyobilebis, socialisturi mSeneblobis gulwrfel momRerlad (1, 250-262),

socialisturi realizmis fuZemdeblad (2, 70-83), socializmis relsebze gadasul

poetad (3, 70, 211), revoluciuri ideebisa da revoluciuri moZraobis gulwrfel

momxred (4, 131-235).

129

magram galaktionis saRmrTo da saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba, graalis saxe

da misi idealebisadmi erTguleba sapirispiroSi gvarwmunebs.

“poetebis mefe” naTelmxilveli da naTelmsmeni iyo, igi winaswar Wvretda

movlenebs, “bumberazi winaTgrZnoba” gamoarCevda da daujerebelia, mas Secnobili

ar hqonoda oqtombris revoluciis reJisorTa suli,maTi saqmianobis Sedegebi,is,

rom maT mier damyarebuli socializmi ara qristes, aramed barabas gziT siarulis

momaswavebeli iyo.

magram im mecnierebs, romlebic xazs usvamen revoluciisadmi, sabWoTa

wyobilebisadmi galaktionis erTgulebas, amis samtkicebeli faqtebic moepovebaT.

poetis SemoqmedebaSi marTlac bevria revoluciisadmi miZRvnili leqsi. magram

aRsaniSnavia, rom galaktioni mkveTrad mijnavda erTmaneTisgan WeSmaritad

revoluciuri sulisa da proletarul poezias.

Cvenis azriT, am kiTxvis swor pasuxs iZleva profesori daviT TevzaZe, rom am

SemTxvevaSi “erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvaoT zogadrevoluciuri da konkretuli

Sinaarsis istoriul-revoluciuri aqti. pirveli avtoris bunebis Tanaziaria da

samyaros maradJam ganaxlebasa da Tavisuflebisken swrafvaSi poulobs gamoxatvas,

xolo meore, Tumca uSualo kavSirSia pirvelTan, konkretul-istoriuli

Sinaarsis Semcvelia. am ukanasknelis magaliTia Tebervlis revolucia, romelmac

poets aTqmevina: “gaTenda! cecxlis mze aenTo, acurda, droSebi Cqara!” (1917 w.

marti) da “amxanagebo, ganaxlebis zarma dareka, taxti daeca da imedad qaosze

dgeba: Tanasworoba, respublika, Tavisufleba” (aTrobda xalxTa mwuxareba) (1917 w.

marti).

sworad SeniSnavs prof. d. TevzaZe, rom “es revoluciur-ganmaaxlebeli paTosi

ar SeiZleba gavavrceloT revoluciuri ganwyobilebis mis yvela qmnilebaze...

gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile gvmarTebs, rodesac vafasebT poetis mimarTebas

oqtombris revoluciasTan, gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis

damyarebis faqtTan, 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis aqtTan, romelic axla ukve

Sefasebulia, rogorc suverenuli raspublikis saqarTvelos samxedro okupacia da

aneqsia” (5, 253).

gasaziareblad migvaCnia mecnieris daskvna, rom galaktionis damokidebuleba

oqtombris revoluciisadmi pozitiuri ar aris... unda gaiSifros poeturi saxe

“qarisa”, romelsac “gareT atlasTa artyia jari, SigniT savi aqvs gulisnadebi...”

rom “revolucia da sabWoTa saqarTvelo ar aris identuri cnebebi”.

“galaktionis werilebi, deklaraciebi, “axali saqarTvelosadmi” samsaxuri unda

niSnavdes saqarTvelos erTgulebas axal viTarebaSi” (5, 255).

galaktionis gaerTianeba antisabWoTa poziciis “arifionSi” 1921 w., “akademiuri

asociaciis” organoebSi beWdva, Jurnal “lomisisa” da “galaktion tabiZis

Jurnalis” daarseba SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, aRniSnavs profesori daviT TevzaZe

da es faqtebi marTlac damafiqrebelia.

“galaktioni namdvili akademistia politikuri poziciiT, esTetikuri mrwamsiT,

SemoqmedebiT, suliTa da guliT” _ aseT angariSgasawev mosazrebas aviTarebs

profesori daviT TevzaZe zemoTmiTiTebul wignSi.

dakvirvebis Sedegad aris gamotanili daskvna, rom 1921 w. daTariRebuli

galaktionis leqsebi “arsad migvaniSnebs sabWouri saqarTvelosadmi pozitiur

damokidebulebaze” da asaxelebs leqsebs “avdrebi” (1921 w.), “dRem gaiara” (1921 w.),

130

“mSobliuri efemera”, “918”, “dadga agvisto” (agvisto 1924 w. ajanyebis TariRze

migvaniSnebs _ d. T.), “ori mrisxane stiqiis brZola”, “mogoneba yru Sesaxvevis”,

“cecxli”, “orad gaiyo wiTeli klde” (1923 w.).

“cxadia, poeti Sewuxebulia “mravalTa monobiT” da “uRvTismSoblobiT”,

ajamebs Tavis Tvalsazriss profesori daviT TevzaZe (5, 261).

analogiur Sexedulebas aviTarebs mecnieri galaktionis poemebTan

dakavSirebiT.

“poemebSi “mogonebebi” da “jon ridi” axali sinamdvile danaxulia, rogorc

SiSis, sisastikisa da sisxliani teroris garemo. “jon ridSi” viRacas

winaswarmetyvelurad aTqmevinebs:

“qveyana kidev ufro daimSeva,

ufro gaZlerdeba simware

daekargeba sindiss fasi

RvTiuri yvelaferi daikargeba,

daingreva yovelive wminda

saqveyno wyevliT” (5, 262).

profesor daviT TevzaZis azriT, leqsi “Cven, poetebi saqarTvelosi” miZRvnilia

ara revoluciis, aramed 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebisadmi da “marTebuli ar aris

“misi aqamdeli interpretacia”. am Temas miakuTvnebs mkvlevari galaktionis leqss

“dadga agvisto”.

saanalizo leqsis (Cven poetebi saqarTvelosi) poetur saxes “sisxliani

angelozi” d. TevzaZe ukavSirebs ajanyebul patriot qarTvelTa samarTlian

brZolas. poeti oqtombris revolucias, romelmac sisxliani represiebiT 60

milionamde msxverpli Seiwira (zogi 100 milions asaxelebs), “angelozs” (Tundac

“sisxlian angeloss”) ver daarqmevda.

“amgvari wakiTxviT “qariSxalsa” da “axal grigals” aRviqvamT 1924 w. agvistos

ajanyebad, xolo “sisxlian angeloss” _ ajanyebul qarTvelebad” _ askvnis d.

TevzaZe (5, 264).

“vis gverdiT dadgeboda barikadebze galaktioni? nuTu igi mogviwodebda

dacvisaken im wyobilebisa, romelic samxedro okupaciis gziT gabatonda da

masobrivi teroriT sisxlSi axrCobda TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol mSobel

xalxs?” _ kiTxulobs prof. d. TevzaZe.

ioseb lorTqifanize miuTiTebs, rom galaktioni 1924 w. gamoqveynebuli

poemisTvis “mogonebebi” (“mnaTobi”, 1924 w. gheg 5) “ramdenime dRiT metexis cixis

binadari gaxda” (4, 189).

aseve, nodar tabiZe aRniSnavs, rom 1924 w. galaktioni umZimes pirobebSi

aRmoCnda da Cudeckebis ojaxma Seifara (6,121).

savsebiT dasabuTebulad migvaCnia mosazreba, romliTac amTavrebs Tavis

werils profesori daviT TevzaZe: “galaktioni urTulesi fenomeni,windaxeduli

politikosi da taqtikosi gaxldaT. misi erTi Canaweri aseTia: “roca yvela elamia,

Senc Tavi elmad unda aCvenoo”. mas aqvs aseTi striqonic: “sul advilia rwmena

auxdeneli zrapris”. am TvalsazrisiT ufro sayuradReboa amave leqsis varianti:

“ramden simReras vmalav, sisxlis aCnia zoli” (Txz. t. II, Zv. 408).

131

“es dakvirvebebi... gamoxatavs poetis esTetikur-politikur pozicias, mis

protestantul damokidebulebas reviluciuri saqmisadmi” _ aseTi daskvniT

mTavrdeba mecnieris gamokvleva (ix. daviT TevzaZe, “galaktioni, revolucia da

agvistos ajanyeba”. cnobilia, rom goeTe acxadebda: “me mZags yovelgvari

sisxliani gadatrialeba, romelic imdenive kargs angrevs, ramdensac qmnis. me mZags

isinic, vinc ZalmomreobiT aRiZvrian da isinic, vinc amis mizezs iZlevian. gana

amisTvis xalxis megobari aRar var? gana romelime samarTliani kaci sxvagvarad

ifiqrebs?”.

“yoveli Zaladoba, yoveli naxtomi Cems suls aRaSfoTebs, radgan is bunebas

ewinaaRmdegeba” (7, 81).

albaT arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom blokis poemaSi “Tormetni”

revolucionerebs qriste mouZRviT, rac maT momaval gansjaze unda migvaniSnebdes

(8, 175).

vaxtang javaxaZe miuTiTebs galaktionis “tragikul msoflgancdaze” da

imowmebs poetis Canawers: “saqarTveloSi, sadac xe ar yofniT jvrebis asamarTavad

da xeebi ar yofniT jvarze sacmelad, erTi tribunaRa dagvrCenia. es aris

sasaflao” (9, 259).

gvaxsendeba mixeil javaxiSvilis ganacxadi: “me, mwerali, dRes sasaflaoze

vcxovrob, irgvliv vaeba da kaeSania” (10, 267).

“sabWoTa samSoblos istoria”, misi socialur-politikuri da ideologiur-

kulturuli gza... did poets 50 wliT adre mainc ganusazRvravs, rogorc mcdari

da bneli xana”,... man (galaktionma _ v.j.) Cveni qveynis istoria grafikulad

gaiazra... 10 wrexaziT, TiToeuli migvaniSnebs adamianis Tavze, romelic TandaTan

bneldeba” _ aseTia vaxtang javaxaZis dakvirveba (9, 79).

galaktionis Semoqmedebaze am aspeqtSi axleburia profesor avTandil

nikoleiSvilis azri: “galaktionis damokidebuleba revoluciisa da misi

Sedegebisadmi arasworxazovania... igi ar yofila am movlenaTa mxolod

aRfrTovanebuli mexotbe. piriqiT, mis poeziaSi naTlad vlindeba mZafri

kritikuli damokidebulebac revoluciisadmi... cnobilia misi opoziciuri

nawarmoebebi da Canawerebi... SefarviT gamJRavneba namdvili gulisTqmis” (11, ...).

Cvenis azriT, galaktion tabiZis poeziis erT-erTi umTavresi principia saxe-

sityvaTa mrvalmniSvnelobis principi da, gamomdinare aqedan, revoluciis cnebac

ar aris erTmniSvnelovani poetis SemoqmedebaSi, mas aqvs socialuri, esTetikuri,

kulturuli aspeqtebi da umTavresi mainc isaa, rom galaktioni, umTavresad,

sityvis rvolucioneria da misTvis upirvelesia “sulis revoluciasTan formis

revolucia”.

1918 w. Seqmnili “rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi” gviCvenebs samaradiso

zamTris SiSs, iudas saxe, kaenis landi da “Rameebis Savi guguni”, “uriJraJo Rame”

asdevnebia poets, “damsxvreuli swori kenari”, “sisxlis, talaxis, cecxlis da

wyalis” SeuCerebeli zvirTi, sazareli jurRmuli da mkvdrebia yvelgan,

sikeTemoklulia afTariviT da poeti grZnobs “rogor mohyveba avdars avdari”.

aseT dros igi igonebs “sxva siyvaruls”, anu RmerTs (12, 138).

galaktioni miesalma 1917 w. Tebervlis revolucias, radgan am movlenam

ruseTis imperia daangria da Cagrul patara erebs ganTavisuflebis Sansi misca,

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oqtombris revoluciaSi man samudamo zamTris SiSi dainaxa da es iyo misi

udidesi winaswarmetyvelebis unaris kidev erTi gamovlineba.

galaktioni usaxoTa sisxlian gzas, revoluciad saxeldebul terors ki ar

ganadidebda, ramed “sulis revoluciasTan formis revolucias” miesalmeboda da

“sityvis revolucionerad” gvevlineboda uwinaresad.

xolo Tu rogor gaigo poetma revolucia 1924 w. daweril poemaSi “jon ridi”,

amis magaliTad es striqonebic kmara: “sarwmunoeba gaxda satanis... locva ise

daeca... Semovlebuli droTa xavsebiT, xati pilates daemsgavseba, misi aseTi

codviT damwvari jojoxeTidan mimodis jvari. misTvis jojoxeTuri samoTxe

Sendeba da SeiZleba, ros gaTendeba, edemis msgavsi igrZnos jojoxeTi... mgmobi

naTelis, tiris Tvalebi obivatelis. yvelaferi nislis feria” (13, 9-10).

terori da sisxli rom revolucionerT saqmianobis umTavresi maxasiaTebeli

iyo adridanve, amaSi eWvis Setana SeuZlebelia,Tumca adreul etapze mas

individualuri xasiaTi hqonda, Semdeg ki saxelmwifoebrivi politikis doneze iyo.

rogorc cnobilia, XIX saukunis SuaxanebSi Seiqmna moZRvreba, romelic

istoriaSi dialeqtikuri materializmisa da socializmis saxeliTaa cnobili. am

moZRvrebis Semoqmedni iyvnen marqsi da engelsi. isini gamodiodnen klasobrivi

brZolis TeoriiT da miuTiTebdnen kapitalizmis ucilobel ganadgurebas. maTi

azriT, kapitalizmis qaosuri ganviTareba bolo etapze gamoiwvevda mis bunebriv

ngrevas da xelisufleba aRmoCndeboda muSaTa klasis waromadgenelTa xelSi.

Seiqmneboda saxelmwifos socialurad samarTliani modeli, rac keTildReobas

moutanda mSromelTa klass, romelic aRmoCndeboda erTaderTi klasi

saxelmwifoSi. mSromelTa klasi TviTon iqneboda Tavisi bedis mWedeli, risi

Sedegic iqneboda komunizmi, anu saxelmwifo fuladi mimoqcevis gareSe, sadac

gadawyvetili iqneboda sayofacxovrebo problemebi. am moZRvrebam farTo

gavrceleba hpova evropasa da msoflios qveynebSi.

XIX saukunis miwuruls ruseTSi Seiqmna marqsistuli social-demokratiuli

partia g. plexanovis meTaurobiT. cota xnis Semdeg partia Sidapartiulma

dapirispirebam moicva. partiaSi SigniT gamovlinda gansakuTrebiT eqstremistuli,

radikaluri fraqcia “bolSevikebis” saxelwodebiT v. leninis meTaurobiT. unda

iTqvas, rom rusuli marqsizmi gansxvavdeboda orTodoqsaluri marqsizmisagan

mniSvnelovnad,magram ara Zireulad. marqsis azriT, evropaSi, da ruseTSi miT

umetes, SeuZlebeli iyo socializmis damkvidreba axlo istoriul perspeqtivaSi,

radgan kapitalizmi, masSi Semavali proletariati ar iyo momwifebuli

progresuli azris SemoqmedebisTvis, radgan ar iyo gaTviTcnobierebuli

saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis sakiTxebSi. rusma marqsistebma ki es moZRvreba Tavisi

survilis mixedviT gaiges da gamoacxades, rom socializmis gamarjvebisTvis ar

aris aucilebeli kapitalizmis ganviTarebis da paralelurad proletariatis

gaTviTcnobierebis lodini, saWiroa moqmedeba yvela xerxebiT, romelsac SeuZlia

arsebuli sistemis dangreva. am xerxebSi igulisxmeboda: fizikuri terori,

SantaJi, mosyidva, dasmena, yaCaRoba, qurdoba da TviT droebiTi TanamSromloba

xelisuflebis organoebTan sakuTari sargeblobis mizniT.

es poziciebi kargad gamoixata adreuli xanis rusi marqsistis neCaevis

“katexizisSi socialistisaTvis”, romelic maSinaTve rusi socialistebis samagido

wigni gaxda. saintereso is aris, riT gansxvavdeboda rsdmp-s ori frTis:

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“bolSevikebisa” da “menSevikebis” platforma. menSevikebis pozicia ixreboda

SedarebiTi politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli liberalzmisaken, Tumca

itovebda sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yovlismomcveli kontrolis uflebebs.

“bolSevikebi” ki winaaRmdegni iyvnen yovelgvari mravalpartiulobisa, presis

Tavisuflebisa,kerZo sakuTrebisa da iTxovdnen marqsistul-leninuri dogmatebis

mimarT brma da usityvo morCilebas. ai, ra iyo maTi ZiriTadi ganmasxvavebeli

niSnebi, Tumca erTSi isini Tanaxmani iyvnen: kapitalizmis ZaliT damxobaSi.

yovelwliurad isini awyobdnen asobiT da aTasobiT sisxliani angariSsworebis

scenebs, Zarcvebs simdidris xelSi Cagdebis mizniT, mowinaaRmdegeTa yovelmxriv

komprometirebasa da SantaJs. rad Rirs Tundac “bolSevikebis”, SemdgomSi

komunistebis or beladTagan erT-erTis _ stalinis biografia, romelic aRsavsea

kriminaluri recidivebiT, ormagi TamaSiT JandarmeriasTan TviT leninisave

nebarTviT (raZinski).

socializmis arsi Tvaidanve rom damangreveli da damRupveli iyo, amas didi

mixvedra ar sWirdeboda. man adamiani samyaroSi martod datova sicarieleSi,

gamoacala ra mas religiuri sayrdeni, sicarielis amovsebas ki TviTon Seecada

saamuri sicocxlis da maradiuli sikvdilis TeoriiT. vin unda yofiliyvnen isini,

romelTac aajanyes monebi batonTa winaaRmdeg, raTa TviTon gabatonebuliyvnen

maTze, oRond eniT auwereli sisastikiT Zvel batonebTan SedarebiT.

am periodis msoflioSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma saqarTvelozec iqonia didi

gavlena. qarTveli marqsistebi gamoirCeodnen yovelive tradiciul-erovnulis

mimarT gansakuTrebuli antipaTiiT. qarTvel ers isini ganixilavdnen klasobrivi

brZolis TeoriiT msoflio proletariatis prizmaSi. maTTvis saqarTvelo iyo

mxolod teritoriuli erTeuli, sadac unda daemkvidrebinaT “naTeli

socializmis” ideebi, xolo mizani ki iyo msoflios proletaruli saxelmwifos

Seqmna, sadac erovnebebi Sevidodnen administraciuli erTeulebis saxiT

centrisadmi daqvemdebarebiT. dRes ukve eWvs ar iwvevs is faqti, rom qarTuli

ganmanaTleblobis titani da erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis patriarqi i.

WavWavaZe moklul iqna qarTveli social-demokratebis ZalsxmeviT, “bolSevikebis”

da “menSevikebis” SeTanxmebuli moqmedebiT (14, 36).

marqsizmi aRmoCnda XX saukunis saSineli, mimzidveli miTi, miraJi, romelmac

moitana totaluri sulieri dekadansi da sisxlis zRva. yuradsaRebi da

mniSvnelovani aris is, rom social-demokratiam farTod gaSala saqarTveloSi

frTebi da daCrdila erovnul-demokratiuli cnobiereba Cveni erisa, romelic

ganaviTares “Tergdaleulebma” i. WavWavaZis TaosnobiT.

dialeqtikuri materializmisa da marqsizmis raoba da fenomeni miniSnebulia

ioane RvTismetyvelis “apokalifsSi”: “da roca axsna mexuTe beWedi, vixile

sakurTxevlis qveS sulni moklulni RvTis sityvisa da mowmobisaRvis, romelic

hqondaT da SehRaRades xmamaRla da Tqves: rodemdis, meufeo wmidao da WeSmarito,

ar gansji da Surs ar iZieb Cveni sisxliaTvis miwis mkvidrTagan?” (ioanes

gamocxadeba, 9,10) (15, 498).

amiT aq miniSnebulia is devna WeSmariti azrisa socialist-aTeistebis mier, rac

Cven kargad vixileT “borotebis imperiis’ epoqaSi. komunistebis damokidebuleba

religiisa da siwmindis mimarT kargad gamoixata leninis frTosan gamoTqmaSi,

romelic atacebul iqna misi mimdevrebis mier: “gvamTmavloba”.

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TviT lenini “apokalifsSi” amgvarad aris naCvenebi: “vixile erTi Tavi misi,

TiTqos sasikvdilod iyo gangmiruli da ganikurna sasikvdilo wyluleba misi, da

gancvifrda qveyana mTeli mxecis kvaldakval...

da mieca mas piri mzvaobrad metyveli da mgmobeli, da mieca mas xelmwifeba,

raTa ibrZodes ormocdaori Tve. da ganaxvna bageni Tvisni sagmoblad RmerTis

mimarT, raTa hgmos saxeli misi da savane misi, caSi davanebuli. da mieca mas Zali

wmidaTa mimarT brZolisa, da maTi Zlevisa; da mieca mas xelmwifeba, raTa

mbrZaneblobdes yovel tomsa da enasa da xalxs. Tayvani sca mas dedamiwis yvela

mcxovrebma, romelTa saxelebi Cawerili ar aris sicocxlis wignSi” (ioanes

gamocxadeba, 13, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) (15, 507).

revolucionerTa sisxlze, terorze saubrobs zurab gurgeniZe (romelic

stalinis prototipia) m. javaxiSvilis “qalis tvirTSi”. revoluciis arss

warmoaCens gr. robaqiZe gatyavebuli cxenis istoriaSi (“Cakluli suli”), aqvea

sisxlismsmel komunistTa saqmianobisadmi miZRvnili Tavi “roca sisxls Rvrian”.

TviT galaktionma oqtombris revolucia ganicada, rogorc boroteba, roca

sikeTe afTariviT iyo daWrili,iudas da kaenis saxeebi elandeboda, Rameebis “Savi

guguni” esmoda, usaSvelo avdris mosvla aRaSfoTebda, sikvdilis mosvlas

Seicnobda da “sxva siyvaruls” (RmerTs) igonebda (“rogor ebrZodnen zarebs

zarebi”) (12, 138).

Tebervlis revolucias pativiT miesalma, radgan imperiis ngrevis,

damoukidebeli arsebobis SesaZlebloba gamoCnda.

Tu galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi revoluciaze damyarebuli imedebi aqa-iq mainc

gakrTeba, Tu “gangeb Seqmnili imedebi” xandaxan mainc SemogvanaTebs, revoluciis

monapovrebisadmi, socialisturi wyobilebisadmi poetis negatiuri damokidebuleba

imdenad aSkaraa, rom kritikas ver uZlebs mosazreba, TiTqos igi axali epoqis

gulwrfeli momRerali iyo.

sisxliani revoluciisadmi poetis mimarTebas naTelyofs leqsi “orad gaipo

wiTeli klde” (12, 253). wiTeli kaci wiTeli raSiT wiTel zRvas yavarjniT gaapobs,

gzaze wiTel gvels gadaagdebs da dedamiwaze “sazari omis” mZvinvareba iwyeba.

gvaxsendeba ebraeli xalxis winamZRoli bibliuri mose, kverTxiT rom zRva

gaapo. kverTxi qristes simboloa, zRva codvili cxovrebis, cxovrebiseuli

winaaRmdegobis. am simboluri epizodiT miniSnebulia imaze, rom codvebze,

cxovrebis siZneleebze amaRleba RmerTis rwmeniT aris SesaZlebeli. bibliis am

pozitiur ideas da moses RvTaebriv saxes galaktionis leqsSi enacvleba satana _

wiTeli gveli, wiTeli kaci (am gagebis wiTeli satana gvxvdeba k. gamsaxurdias

“fotografSi”, “tabuSi”, “wiTeli bacilebi” m. javaxiSvilis “qalis tvirTSi”)_

totaluri boroteba, omis, ngrevisa da ganadgurebis momtani, romelic cdilobs

sibnele gaabatonos momavalSic. ase Secvala bibliis humanuri idea globaluri

borotebiT rusulma bolSevizmma, romlis saxec galaktionis leqsSi “wiTeli

kaci” da “wiTeli gvelia” (wiTeli mamali, wiTeli gveli da wiTeli kiripa

analogiur Sinaarss atareben k. gamsaxurdias “dionisos RimilSi”).

sisxlis wyurviliT gamorCeul socialur ngrevebs ukeTebs aqcents

galaktionis leqsi “sad iyo smena da gagoneba?”: ...“Tvalgauwvdenel ormoebSi

sisxlis mdinare da tranSeebis midioda labirinTebi” (sad iyo smena da gagoneba?)

(12, 251).

135

jer kidev adre iwinaswarmetyvela poetma “avdris molodini”, bnel Ramis

meufeba (saRamo), sulis zamTari (“Tovli”, “alvebi TovlSi”).

“sad yria es leSebi, saidan dis gaxrwnis aseTi sazizRari suni?” _ kiTxulobs

poeti leqsSi “qimiur sagnebTan” (16, 351).

“SiSis Crdili”, “SiSis landi uzarmazari” totalur ubedurebas Tesavs,

yvelgan mkvlelia Casafrebuli: “karebTan mkvleli. sardafSi Caxval, iqac

mkvlelia da Jriamuli. amoxval quCiT, dagedevneba daucxromeli mravalTmravali

da versad qveynad veRar isvenebs mTeli Taoba gardamavali” (mTeli Taoba

gardamavali) (17, 110).

leqsSi “mzeo TibaTvisa” mariam RvTismSobels evedreba poeti: “suli moavline

isev Senmieri”... realobaSi ki sisxlis koSmaria: “xanma undobarma, gza rom SeeReba,

uxvad moitana sisxli da cxedrebi”. (12, 126).

galaktions aekviateba “SeRamebuli dilebis landi”, gauTenebeli Rame,

romelSic boroteba zeobs: “Rame da yinva... quCaze midis sisxli daRvaruli”

(mogoneba yru Sesaxvevis) (12, 149).

am ubedurebaTa adgilic zustdeba: “mTawmindis iqiT dasisxlulma mzem bina

hpova. ar aris Svela. bneli Crdilebi mravldeba, rogorc sibneleSi dingebis

grova” (“mTawmindis iqiT”) (18,376).

sul axlos ganicdeba borotebis sisxliani xelebi: “yovelTvis mgonia: Cems

saxels nacnobi aCrdili Tan dasdevs sisxlian xelebiT, ucnobebs eZaxis faruli

xvelebiT da me ki Tvals mixvevs alersiT da ZmobiT” (yorani) (16, 274).

cxovrebis normad iqca msxvreva, sisxli: “napralebTan gadaimsxvra nergi, axla

zRvaa, axla sisxlis droa” (atmis rtoo, daRalulo rtoo) (16,228).

gamomdinare aqedan, unugeSoba kulminaciur zRvars aRwevs: “TviTon msoflios

mwuxareba aq SedarebiT mxolod landi da mxolod Crdilia...”

sisxliani gzebiT mosuli xelisufleba merec agrZelebda xocva-Jletas da

kuboiani vagonebis gagzavnis didostati iyo. realurad momxdari faqti _ 1924 w.

vagonebSi Seyrili da mxecurad daxvretili adamianebis kivili ar asvenebda

poetis smenas: “mowmea rbevis da TareSis xvadguris bindbundi sazizRar rkinigzis

sadguris. agzavnis sadRac kuboebs _ vagonebs da maTi kivili am dReebs magonebs,

rodesac am gzebze gaekra vaeba... nuTu is kivili liandags Caeba?” (mowmea rbevis

da) (18, 559).

ganadgurebis wyurvili, zizRi ifurCqneboda irgvliv da sunTqvas aZnelebda:

“aris Sens gulSi mware ganadgureba mkvdari, roca zizRia are, roca ver sunTqavs

qnari” (gaurkvevloba) (18, 548).

mosyiduli vaipoetebi “socializmis Zlevamosil winsvlaze”, ararsebul

warmatebebze da cru beladebze xotbebs aRavlendnen, saukunis tragediebze ki

dumdnen, cxedrebze daabijebdnen da amtkicebdnen samoTxeSi vcxovrobTo.

galaktions ki arasodes miuyidia satanisTvis suli, fxizeli realistis TvaliT

axada niRabi epoqalur borotebebs: “xmobiT saSineliT TxrilSi CaCrilebi nisli

morgebia saxe fiTrebuli, exla saSineli grova daWrilebis TiTqo morgvebia

dasaxiCrebuli... gana sisastikiT, rac aq daiRvara, sisxlis morevebi,gamoizomeba ?

mxeci Tokiani dahqris uvnebeli qveynebs Sevlebia cecxlis mezodeni, dadga okeane

dausrulebeli, es xom cremlebia... magram esodeni?!” (poemidan _ igi omia).

136

xiluli ki ase ganzogaddeba: “es dro afTari”, “dro mowvdenili Sxamian

sasmiT” (aivanze), “dro, dafaruli cecxlis enebiT” (ar aris igi imdenad tkbili)

(18, 141).

am jojoxeTis reJisoria ufskrulebidan momavali brWyalebiani mxeci” (sad

dasasruli iyo) (18, 381).

zogjer borotebiT daRdasmuli movlenebi publicisturi simkveTriT ars

mxilebuli: “gasisxlianebuli borbali epoqisa migoravda saSineli siZlieriT,

edeboda yovelives, rac cocxali iyo, awiokebda da Seubraleblad anadgurebda,

spobda, dasera, gadaiara mTeli qveyana, yvelgan cdilobda Savi fardis

Camofarebas!...”

poema “jon-ridSi” gvxvdeba “Rrubliseburi RmerTi ngrevaTa, sastiki RmerTi”,

sarwmunoebrivi gadagvareba: “sarwmunoeba gaxda satanis, locva ise daeca...

Semovlebuli droTa xavsebiT xati pilates daemsgavseba, misi aseTi codviT

damwvari jojoxeTidan mimodis jvari... jojoxeTismagvari samoTxe Sendeba... mgmobi

naTelis, tiris Tvalebi obivatelis. yvelaferi nislisferia...” (13, 9-10).

galaktions ar asvenebs udanaSauloTa sisxlis kivili da SesZaxebs: “gaiRviZeT!

hkivis sisxli ucnobi, gaiRviZeT! xmas iZleva xeoba, sasaklao! vin iyo is

ugrZnobi,rom am adgils daadgina mkvleloba?”

aseTi borotebis CamdenisTvis “fiqri RmerTze SarSandeli Tovlia” da “Tumc

ferflia, nacaria, mtveria!” _ is itovebs gardauval uflebas. is gahyveba kvlav

sisxlian mdinares, wiTel kordebs, mogugune xeobas”.

da poeti aRviZebs TanamoZmeT: “gaiRviZeT! uimedo vin aris? vin qadagebs SiSs da

erTsaxeobas. vin daeZebs bnel soroebs da ruebs? gaiRviZeT, vinc sizmarSi gaerTo.

ukanasknel sxva oms gadaayruebs ajanyeba! ajanyeba saerTo! Zlieria ucnob ConCxis

xeloba! is mets ambobs, vinem mWevrmetyveleba, vinem sisxli, aq rom gadaiara.

invalidic omSi bevrjer eria,bevri jari gahqra Ramis Rrublebad. Tumc ferflia,

nacaria, mtveria, revolucionurs is itovebs uflebas” (aTasis mxedveloba, aTasis

ieri”).

leqsSi “sisxli” sisxliani diqtatoris dauviwyari saxea naCvenebi: “...muxlebamde

sisxlis morevi gsvris da mSobliur cxedrebs exebi. kmayofili xar maTi moreviT,

yelamde sisxlSi midis fexebi.Sen gaxarebs, rom sisxlis mizezi xar da Tana gdevs

xalxis godeba, Sen boroteba xar umtkicesi, mkvleli, es aris Seni wodeba... Sen

samaremde mixval cxedrebiT” (19, 447).

poetis kredoa daumorCilebloba, simarTlisaTvis brZola mxatvruli sityviT:

“roca uwyalod iRvreba sisxli, dee, mquxare Seni xma quxdes, xma simarTlisa,

Zlieri, urCi...”

gamomdinare aqedan, bunebrivia kiTxva: “vin miafina daxvretili gmirebis gora?

zirs sisxlismsmeli, Zirs iuda, Zirs muqTaxora!” (“Zirs muqTaxora!”).

mere iwyeba movlenebisTvis, pirovnebebisTvis ara zogadad kaen-iudebis

saxelebis darqmeva, aramed adresatebis pirdapiri dakonkreteba: “samgles da

saZaRles mweralTa sasaxles verasdros daRlili ver mieyudebi. aris modebuli

gaborotebuli egreT wodebuli berias kudebi. swameben obobas-lomobas, orbobas

es katis knutebi... iZvrian kutebic, sulaqoTebuli qanaobs krebuli _

egreTwodebuli berias kudebi. beria xvrels SeZvra, magram mis kudebis qneviTa

Cven, mwerlebs, suli gvexuTebis. Cvenve Cveni Tavi aRar gveyudnebis,suli

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gvexuTebis, sunTqva gvexuTebis. maS Zirs mflobeloba kaen-iudebis, qneva da TareSi

berias kudebis” (9, 473).

vaxtang javaxaZis mier mignebul saarqivo masalebSi am sisxliani movlenebis

reJisorad saxeldebulia beria: “beriaa, naSeneb Senobas rom moSlida, beriaa _

qarTveli eri rom amoJlita, beriaa _ rom mospo gulTa Sveba da lxena, beriaa _

zRva Wiris karze rom migvayena, beriaa _ cxedrebiT qveyana rom dahfara, beriaa _

sinaTle bnels rom gadaafara” (9, 473).

miTiTebulia, rom leqsi “navi ar unda gaswiro” dawerilia 1956 wlis 9 martis

movlenebze da “kodirebuli saxeebiT”,”SeniRbuli formiT” erovnul satkivarze

miniSnebaa (akaki xinTibiZe) (20, 14-15).

leqsSi “es oci weliwadia” poeti laparakobs “gadamTieli gadiis” winaaRmdeg,

romelsac “ar eZina Cvenze zrunviT...”

aTeistur epoqaSi RmerTis adgils tiranebi, diqtatorebi da cru beladebi

imkvidreben,romelTac aqvT daRi “satanuri SeTqmulebis wevrobis”, demonuri

beWedi.

30-iani wlebis totaluri borotebiTaa asaxuli mixeil bulgakovis romanSi

“ostati da margarita”, romelSic volandis satanuri sawyisi upirispirdeba

RvTiurs, keTils da es araa SemTxveviTi, es xom diqtaturis, represiebis

mZvinvarebis epoqaa. didi qveteqstia imaSi, rom msajul pontoel pilates

sisxlisferqobiani TeTri mosasxami acvia. romanSi sisxlis daRvris simbolos

araerTxel mimarTavs avtori. pilates ferxTiT sisxlis gubesaviT dgas gatexili

doqidan gadmoRvrili Rvino da Sig ori vardi (siwmindis simbolo) curavs.

margaritas mejlisis win sisxlSi banen da vardis nelsurnelebas afrqveven (21, 5-

6).

adamianis sisxlSi banaobasa da am gziT okulturi Zalebis mokrebaze saubrobs

grigol robaqiZis “Caklul sulSi” petrovi.

ase rom, sisxlis saxe da simbolo komunisturi “samoTxis” Tanamdevi da

maxasiaTebelia.

ociani wlebis galaktionis poeziaSi Cndeba demonis da misi variaciebis _

satanis, mefistofelis, luciferis, belzebelis saxeebi, riTac igi epoqis

boroteuli Sinaarsis gacnobierebas cdilobs.

profesori revaz miSvelaZe saubrobs galaktionis tragediis kompleqsur

mizezebze da gansakuTrebulad gamohyofs rwmenis dakargvis problemebs.

“poeziis mefis TviTmkvlelobis mizezi gaubedurebul sinamdvilesTan poetis

damokidebulebiT gamowveuli sasowarkveTa iyo” _ acxadebs r. miSvelaZe da

miuTiTebs leqsebze “cxovreba gacvda”, “o, fiqrebo”.

“rogor exmaureba da esadageba galaktionis erT-erTi bolo leqsis striqonebi

Cvens dRevandel ganwyobilebas: “...wyaro Cans da wyali arsad aris, yvelaferi aris

Zlier kargad, yvelaferi Zlier cudad aris” _ aRniSnavs mecnieri (22, 264).

galaktioni arasodes misula kompromisamde ukeTurobiT daRdasmul epoqasTan:

“misi pirovnuli da poeturi mantia yanaoTiviT TeTri da sufTa iyo miwyiv” (22,

266).

prof. r. miSvelaZe miuTiTebs “ezopes enaze” da “satiris maxvilze” galaktionis

poeziaSi (iqve, gv. 269) da es satiruloba vlindeba TviT “komunisturi manifestis”

138

avtorTan damokidebulebaSi. zemoTxsenebuli saxelmZRvanelos avtors moaqvs

magaliTi “aramkiTxe mrCeveli kritikosisadmi” mimarTuli:

erTma masebTan kavSiri,

marqsis tomebi urCia...

rom ar miiRo arcerTi,

erTxmad iZaxes: urCia!

marqsis ironiuli xseneba “ocdaaTian mrisxane wlebs ekuTvnis” _ aRniSnavs r.

miSvelaZe da imowmebs aseT magaliTs galaktionis Semoqmedebidan:

Cemo maqsime,

ra gza maqvs, i, me!

rom ar vikiTxo

axla marqsi me (22, 271-272).

revaz miSvelaZis gancxadebiT, araa swori is mosazreba, TiTqos galaktioni

revoluciis poeti iyo, arc is, roca politikisgan gamdgarad warmoadgendnen.

sruliad samarTlianad,politikas ukavSirebs r. miSvelaZe galaktionis leqsebs

“mzeo TibaTvisa”, ”me moval”, “Semodgoma”.

r. miSvelaZis wignis magaliTebi kidev ufro naTels xdis, rom galaktioni

epoqiT aRtacebuli da misi tendenciebis momRerali da mexotbe ki ara, rusuli

bolSevizmis sabediswero zraxvebis mkacri mamxilebeli iyo.

“saukunis azrTa mpyrobeli komunisturi samoTxis im “sikeTesac” kargad xedavs,

aTeuli wlebis Semdeg erTa da kulturaTa gaTqvefis (saboloo jamSi garusebis,

r. m.) uwyinar Teoriad rom Camoayaliba “marqsizmis didma SemoqmedebiTad

ganmaviTarebelma” _ breJnevma:

es valias, es Tevdores,

es tariels, es ki moses,

jer viTvlebiT qarTvelebad,

Tu ar gagvaeskimoses

da am striqonebis damweri zogjer amoikvnesebda:

saTqmeli sxvebze

da Tavis Tavze

aqvs, magram piri

wyliTa aqvs savse(r. miSvelaZis zemoTmiTiTebuli wigni,

gv. 272).

galaktionis Semoqmedebis damaxasiaTeblad r. miSvelaZes ara marto “moCvenebiTad

saqmiani, gafuyuli, medrove kacis” portretis Seqmna miaCnia, aramed “mrisxane

socializmis satira. visac komunisturi reJimis marwuxebze odnavi warmodgena

139

mainc aqvs, dameTanxmeba, rom radios sarkastuli xseneba leqsSi “im droisaTvis

moqalaqeosrivi gmirobis tolfasi iyo”(iqve, gv. 272-273).

naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom “jon ridSi” “STambeWdavad, metaforulad dagvixata

revoluciis dReebis beberi ruseTis satiruli xati”.

1949 w. dawerili erTi leqsi “Tevzma Tevzs uTxra” _ miCneulia “alegoriul

protestad arsebuli reJimisadmi” (22,274).

arsebuli viTarebis Rrma analiziTaa dawerili didi gulistkivilis

gamomxatveli striqonebi: “raa masze guldamwyveti, metexo da diRmis velo,

midiode da fiqrobde, es ar aris saqarTvelo. aris xlarTi rkinigzebis, aris

avto-moto velo, aris ojaxebic, magram es ar aris saqarTvelo” (es ar aris

saqarTvelo).

es magaliTebi zedmiwevniT aqarwylebs Cveni stereotipuli kritikis mier

Semotanil dogmas,TiTqos galaktioni oqtombris revoluciisa da sabWoTa

saxelmwifos miRwevebis guliTadi momRerali iyo.

magram galaktionis gulwrfel simpaTias revoluciisadmi is ganapirobebda, rom

poetisTvis “revolucia niSnavda esoden saZulveli imperiis,saZulveli

weswyobilebis, saZulveli cxovrebis, yovelive dromoWmulisa da damplis ngrevas”

(23, 155).

Tebervlis revolucia ki imperiis ngreviT patara erebs damoukideblobisken

uxsnida gzas da 1918 w. 26 maiss Cveni qveynis damoukidebloba am revoluciis

logikuri Sedegi iyo, rasac guliT uZRvna poetma “droSebi Cqara”.

literatura

1. sergi Wilaia,meoce saukunis qarTuli mwerloba, wigni II, Tb. 1956.

2. giorgi jiblaZe, kritikuli etiudebi, t. 3, Tb. 1959.

3. Salva radiani,meoce saukunis qarTuli mwerloba, Tb. 1956.

4. ioseb lorTqifaniZe, galaktion tabiZe, Tb. 1988.

5. daviT TevzaZe, saukunis TvaliT, Tb. 1994.

6. nodar tabiZe, galaktioni, Tb. 1981.

7. goeTes saubrebi ekermanTan, baTumi, 1988.

8. aleqsandre bloki, rCeuli leqsebi da poemebi, mTargmneli soso sigua, Tb.

1995.

9. vaxtang javaxaZe, ucnobi, Tb. 1991.

10. qeTevan javaxiSvili, mixeil javaxiSvili, Tb. 1991.

11. avTandil nikoleiSvili, meoce saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriis

narkvevebi, quTaisi, 1994.


13. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. IV, Tb. 1995.

14. vaxtang gurgeniZe, jvars vacviT ilia, Tb. 1991.



17. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. II, Tb. 1994.


140


20. Jurnali “droSa”,1990 w. # 1.

21. mixeil bulgakovi, ostati da margarita, Tb. 1992.

22. revaz miSvelaZe, uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tb. 1999.

23. revaz TvaraZe, galaktioni, Tb. 1972.

demoni da misi variaciebi galaktionis poeziaSi

aTeistur epoqaSi RmerTis adgils cru beladebi, tiranebi da diqtatorebi

epotinebian,iqmneba kerpebi, romelTac atyviaT “demonuri beWedi, daRi aqvT

“satanuri SeTqmulebis wevrobis”.

demoni mravalmniSvnelovani cnebaa galaktionis poeziaSi. erT-erTi gagebiT, igi

genialobis identuria (1, 63-73).

amjerad gvainteresebs demonuris boroteuli arsi, vinaidan poetebis mefis

SemoqmedebaSi Warbad gvxvdeba demonis variaciebi: satana, mefistofeli,luciferi,

belzebeli.

irkveva, rom “cecxlis enebiT” dafarul droSi, sawamlavebiT,SeCvenebiT,

jojoxeTuri cecxliT gamorCeul epoqaSi satanas uxmoben totalitaruli

saxelmwifos mesveurebi, raTa boroti Zalis daxmarebiT meti ganadgureba awvnion

adamianebs: “ar aris igi imdenad tkbili dro, dafaruli cecxlis enebiT,magram

arc ise mware aqvs kbili sawamlavebiT da SeCvenebiT. man SeaCvia sofels satana,

jojoxeTuri ali qurebis, raTa SemdgomSi SesZlos atana ufro saSinel

ganadgurebis” (ar aris igi imdenad tkbili) (2, 245).

leqsi dawerilia 1917 wels da Cans utyuari ganWvreta imisa, Tu vin mova qveynis

saTaveSi.

1920 wels poets isev satanis xilva ar asvenebs. sikvdilis aCrdili, ConCxebi,

“Savi wigni”, Ramis diriJori satana aemgzavreba, misi movlinebis Sedegi ki

sikvdilia, yvavilebis (yvavilebi RmerTis simboluri saxelia) “gadaTibva”: “ras

moelian vardebi rguli? yvavilebs Tibavs elvaTa celi. Tendeba: qarma waiRo

guli da aTas cxraas meoce weli” (magida alembikebiT) (3, 186).

1921 wels iwereba totaluri ubedurebis momaswavebeli leqsi “brma cali

TvaliT”, romelSic poetma mTeli saukune mignebulad monaTla mefistofelis

saxeliT. mefistofeli aris goeTes “faustis” boroti da macduri sulis saxeli,

riTac galaktionma mianiSna ara sikeTeSi gardamaval borotebaze, aramed calsaxa

ukeTurobaze, cbierebaze, simkacreze: “man daibrmava es Tvali gangeb da amnairad

gaxda cbieri, meore TvalSi aris gangeba, meti simkacre da siZliere. umarilian

denaTa Soris, mware dacinviT maTi mgmobeli, igi trialebs, viT Tvali qoris, es

saukune _ mefistofeli” (3, 189).

galaktioni SeZruli iyo mefistofeluri saukunis usamarTlobiT da bolomde

amxelda mas.

141

1921 wels poetma “maraoebiT mosiarule mefistofeli” uwoda (poezia upirveles

yovlisa) (4, 17).

miuxedavad imisa, rom mzis (qristes), “maradi Wiqis” (mariamis) motrfiale iyo

poeti, mainc demoni miuxmobda “samSoblos iqiT, simSvidis iqiT” (mzis

sadRegrZelos) (1921 w.) (5, 221).

“faustSi” mefistofelis devizi iyo: “gaemgzavre arsebuls iqiT” (6, 555).

1922 wels ukve aSkara iyo erovnul ubedurebaTa mTeli seriali:

damoukideblobis dakargva, uazro msxverpli, sisxli, cxedrebi, Savi luciferi,

romelmac didi xniT waSala nazarevelis nakvalevi da poets ZilSic ar asvenebda

boroti sulis sakuTrebad qceuli samSoblo, “gza, dafenili msxverpliT,

cxedrebiT da sisxliT sveli. gza, sasikvdilo gadaTeTrebiT, samSoblo Savi

liuciferis. Cven mwuxarebam dagviZmobila Ramis tye-veli, arasdros CvenTan aq ar

yofila nazareveli” (samSoblo Savi liuciferis).

arc 1923 wels icvleba ganwyobileba, radgan siavis droSiT movlenilia

totaluri “qari Crdilois”, “wiTeli qari” (mogonebebi).

merab kostava konstantine gamsaxurdias “wiTel grigalTan” mebrZolad saxavda

(gamosaTxovari) (7, 135).

poemaSi “mogonebebi im dReebis, roca ielva” udaburebaa, gamxmaria Cinari,

yovliswamlekavi grigali TareSobs; “fSanebSi Campali Calis Rerebi, mdinaris

pirad gamxmari Cinari, udaburi adgili navis, Sua kerasTanac cecxliani grigali,

saxuravebzec qari” da poeti sasowarkveTili kiTxulobs: “saqarTveloa es mTa da

bari Tu is ar aris? sinamdvilea es Tu zRapari?”

uRmerToba, umweoba aTqmevinebs: “sicocxle ar Rirs uSenod arad...”

revolucia mSvidobas ngrevas upirispirebs, moaqvs totaluri tragedia, devebis,

demonebis TareSi: “aRviZebs devebs demonis qafi, grialebs qari... cas sisxlisferi

moedo luqi, grialebs qari, dawewilia afraTa Zafi, grialebs qari” (grigali).

“ocneba gulgapobili”, “bedis mRvrie tbori”, “mzis Casvla RrublebSi da isev

qari” gvagrZnobinebs unugeSobas.

leqsSi “dabrunda grZnoba da sisadave” (5, 202) “demonma aalaSqara udabureba da

Rriankali”.

bnelze bneli Ramea belzebelis sauflo: “Rame bnelze bneli misdevs

udroobis, rogorc belzebeli _ qarebs usadaress” (Sen da Semodgoma) (3, 180).

Rames mohyveba demoni, romelsac moaqvs “axali qaosebi”, daRlili da

dafleTili suli, uSinaarso da udaburi gzebi: “gaswie! Rame eSveba zewrad,

mwared Srialebs tyeTa kalTebi, maxlobel demons igrZnob uecrad da SiSis

rdiliT akankaldebi” (iare, kaci Sen arar gqvian) (1925 w.) (5, 146).

“yru dedamiwa” ucxoobs mSobliur xmebs, mxolod imedis iavarmqmneli satanaa

irgvliv, sikvdilis samefosken momwodebeli: “ubedur saaTs arvin dagicavs, aravin

metyvis mSobliur nanas, magram gaxedav yru dedamiwas da moigoneb Sen Sens

satanas. imedi, Seni brZolis sagani, gatacebaa daudgromelis. moRuSulia Seni

sakani: sxva ra, sikvdili mxolod mogelis” (ubedur saaTs arvin dagicavs) (6, 41).

leqsi dawerilia 1927 wels.

leqsSi “risTvis” demoni sasicocxlo Zalas aclis da cinikurad dahxarxarebs

Tavis msxverpls: “...Cemiv demoni xarxarebda Cemsav maxloblad, Tundac mokvdeo,

gatacebiT daixriala, gamomacala sasicocxlo grZnoba da Zala” (2, 288).

142

demoni “samSoblos iqiT, simSvidis iqiT” mouwodebs gamudmebiT (mzis

sadRegrZelos) (3, 190).

“ubeduri saaTis”, sikvdilis Semamzadebelia satana (ubedur saaTs arvin

dagicavs). satanis movlenili “viRac maxinji” sikvdilis SiSs Tesavs da Savi dRis

badeSi Sehyavs cxovrebaze Seyvarebulni (edgari mesamed) (2, 165). ase iqmneba

miRmuri samyaros mkvidrTa “axali mosaxleoba”.

angelozi keTilia da akvnis damrwevi, demoni _ sikvdilis momtani: “Tu

angelozi girwevda akvans, Semdeg demonad mova sikvdili” (ori mrisxane stiqiis

brZola) (2, 398).

isev sruli uimedoba daafiqsira poetma realuri viTarebis analizidan

gamomdinare.

1927 wels iwereba “es SeRameba”, romelic gvamcnobs: “...da gasagonad: msoflio,

wynarad! iq nangrevebad iqca sofeli, didi xania iqca ararad da daxarxarebs

mefistofeli” (2, 323).

laJvardebTan ara angelozi, aramed isev luciferi ilandeba (Tqven garTobdaT)

(1927 w.) (2, 323).

adamianebma ver Seiferes “mze konebisa” (WeSmariti RmerTi) da bneli demonebis

qveyanaSi isurves cxovreba, ris gamoc sikvdilis Semdegac maT suls luciferi _

eSmaki daepatroneba: “ver gaigones Tqveni mxne nana, ver Seiferes mze konebisa da

mogesizmraT isev qveyana, qveyana bneli demonebisa. mokvdebiT, bneli iqneba Tova,

rom Tqveni grZnoba ver Seiferes da samaresTan vinc krZalviT mova, iqneba landi

liuciferis” (ver gaigones) (1927 w.) (2, 332).

demoni sulebze nadirobs, sikvdilis aCrdilebis movlinebis didostatia,

Wianurs, samaris lods axmianebs da adamianurs emtereba: “mas moeCvena, rom es xmaa

samaris lodis,TiTqo demoni ukravs Wianurs, raRac aCrdili qveyanaze midis da

modis da axSobs wyurvils adamianurs” (sxvisi sispetake ufro agiJebs) (1927 w.)

(2,333).

goeTes “faustSi” mefistofeli “cecxlis xatebaa” (6,560), es aris ara

ganmanaTlebeli, aramed Semwveli, gamanadgurebeli cecxli.

galaktioni sibneleSi gesls, yvelafris gaufasurebas, demonis profilSi

cecxls Wvrets: “saSineleba, sibnele, gesli, demoniuri cecxlis profili” (qveyana

gacvda) (5, 810).

“mlocveli” satanis saxea _ “aloceba satanis” (gviani ocneba) (2, 57).

demonTan wilnayari adamiani suldakarguli, cocxali leSi xdeba,

romlisTvisac sulerTia yvelaferi: “Sav demons mive frTa motivtive da

yvelaferi erTia CemTvis” (sxva yvelaferi) (3, 136).

amitom mizani xdeba demonTa daviwyeba: “...mxolod demonTa daviwyeba eZebs

samyofels, yovelivesTvis iyos igi samagiero” (Sen da Semodgoma) (2, 180).

demoniviT Tavze adga poets “ciliswameba avi zmanebiT”, awvalebda Tbilisi

“savse gaxelebuli intriganebiT”, zvavi gaiZveraTa, WoriT da enis mitan-motaniT”

(Tumca demoniviT damadga Tavze) (3, 263).

sikvdilis pirad poeti demonebs Txovda yvela wignis daxurvas, da mxolod

erTTan, uzenaesTan ziareba enatreboda (sikvdilis pirad) (5, 576).

cxovrebisagan ganawameb poets “mxeci” “wertils tyviisas” _ TviTmkvlelobas

sTavazobda da zogjer TviTmkvlelobis demoni isadgurebda sulSi: “Cemi tvini

143

daiRala gamocanebiT, Cemi sxeuli daiRala sicocxliT, idea sikvdilis, romelic

ganadgurebas niSnavs, CemTvis tkbilia. me mixaria, rom Cemive sakuTari nebiT

SemiZlia SevaCero es mousvenari guliscema, es aRelvebuli da mxurvale sisxli,

es mtanjveli tkivili nervebis. me axalgazrda var, magram survili arsebobisa ara

maqvs,me verafers ver vxedav, Cemi demonis cecxlovan Tvalebis garda” (8, 575).

boroti sulis TareSi globalur masStabebs iZenda da “kosmiur sicives”

abatonebda (zamTris dReebi) (3, 376).

“satanuri SeTqmulebis wevrebs” “demonuri saSineli beWedi” da yalbi

“enamWevroba” gamoarCevdaT (ena mSobliur miwis) (5, 417).

poema “jon-ridSi” satanis saxeSi arian personificirebuli revoluciis

mesveurebi da sarwmunoebrivi gadagvareba saxezea: “al-demonebad qceva adamianebis.

rusi wmindanis eSmaki bage. sarwmunoeba gaxda satanis. locva ise daeca.

Semovlebuli droTa xavsebiT xati pilates daemsgavseba, misi aseTi codviT

damwvari jojoxeTidan mimodis jvari. misTvis jojoxeTuri samoTxe Sendeba da

SeiZleba, ros gaTendeba, edemis msgavsi igrZnos jojoxeTi. uceb gaCnda demoni da

cecxls fiCxs ukeTebs. taniT SuaTana mogvdevs satana” (5, 234).

“mSvidobis wignSi” Cvens qveyanas Tavze adga satana, romelsac afrTxilebs

poeti: “aq yovel eSmaks ujobs moeSvas Tvis saTareSos da sanavardos” (9, 239).

ubedur droSi adamianebi demonTan sisxliT deben xelSekrulebas: “yvela

SandalSi Caqra sanTeli,vin iwyevleba da ikruleba? me, is, demoni, Sen Jruanteli,

Cven sisxliT davdeT xelSekruleba” (yvela SandalSi Caqra sanTeli) (2, 121).

faustic mefistofelTan sisxliT agvirgvinebs xelSekrulebas: “qaRaldis

mcire naWeric kmara, Sen xels moawer mas sisxlis wveTiT” (6, 153).

galaktions sjeroda, rom demonis meufeba droebiTi iyo, amitom “roca

dawynarda qari RelvaTa, uceb aenTo yvela sanTeli” (2, 121).

“droTa sikvdils” mohyva demonis aRzeveba, magram bedisweris ZaliT, isev

aenTeboda siyvarulis, sikeTis, mSvenierebis, rwmenis sanTeli, imedovnebda poeti.

demoni emtereba sikeTes, mSvenierebas, mosvenebas ukargavs “brZolis ritmi,

musika”, “alis Wiqa”, “lurji edemi” (dabmuli Winka) (2, 590).

ali, cecxli _ qristes simboloa (10, 121), Wiqa, edemi _mariamis (10, 124).

borot suls akrTobs sikvdilis (Tavis qalis) dammarcxebeli simRerebi,

wignebi, poezia: “da ornamentiT akrTobda demons im mSvenieri wignebis Zala,

wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo vardiT morTuli Cnda Tavis qala” (vardebi) (5,

537).

goeTes “faustSic” mefistofels eSinia ornamentis da virTxas sTxovs, gauxsnas

ornamentis kuTxe, rTa hqondes SesaZlebloba faustis oTaxi datovos.

“bindis stumarSi” galaktionis leqsis martoobiT datanjuli personaJi

“axali mxariT” cdundeba, mere ki aRmoaCens, rom “jadoTa SiSvel-titvel mxareSi”

moxvda da nikoloz baraTaSviliT SesZaxebs borot suls: “wyeulimc iyav!” (3, 130).

galaktioni darwmunebuli iyo, rom droebiT moxda demonis aRzeveba da igi

caze varskvlavis (RmerTis) aelvarebis imediT cxovrobda: “varskvlavi igi, fiqrTa

sagani, erTi umravles varskvlavTagani aelvardeba caze odesme _ sulo, demonze

uboroteso!” (xomalds mihyveba Tovlis madona) (2, 212).

ioanes gamocxadebaSi RmerTis brZanebiT angelozma aTasi wliT Sekra eSmaki da

ufskrulSi Caagdo (gamocxadeba, 20, 1, 2, 3) (12, 516).

144

wignTa wignis sibrZnes naziarebi qarTveli poeti kargad erkveoda sikeTe _

borotebis brZolissaidumloebaSi.

poema “mSvidobis wignSi” saqarTvelos mteri saxeldebulia, rogorc avi

zraxvebis qaji, satana: “aq Savi Savze, fiqrebiT avze midamos Tavze adga satana” (9,

239).

demoni, luciferi, avi suli galaktionis poeziaSi mxolod garegnuli Zala

rodia, igi sulSi eZebs binas da misi mizani adamianis arsebidan “umanko naTelis”

gandevna, RmerTis adgilis dakavebaa.

leqsi “saswauls” (1919 w.) demonuri Zalisa da keTili sawyisis

urTierTWidilis simZafres exeba.

boroti Zala sulSi Casaxlebula mZvinvare luciferis saxiT.

galaktionis Semoqmedebas axasiaTebs kontrasti: naTeli da bneli, keTili da

boroti,qriste da satana.

Tu rodis xdeba sikeTe borotebis wilxvedri, amaze “bindis stumarSi”

gvesaubreba poeti: “...axali mxare,axali bina, jadoTa mxare SiSvel-titveli me

martoobam SemamCnevina”.

“saswaulis” lirikul gmirs Secnobili aqvs luciferis arsi da misi

ZalisxmeviT boroti suli mrisxane vefxviviT dakodili da miZinebulia: “Seunde,

Seunde, Seunde bnel-codvils, liucifers, Cems sulSi avobiT mZvinvares,

liucifers, mrisxane vefxviviT dakodils da exla mZinares”.

jojoxeTia leqsis lirikuli personaJis TvalSi, xelebic borotebisTvis

garjilan,magram gonsmogebuli sinanuliT Sepyrobilia, Sendobas iTxovs,ebrZvis,

miasikvdilebs bnel Zalas, ganwmendis survils avlens, ganwmendis unariT

momadlebuli ki RmerTia, romelsac “umanko naTelisa” da “saswaulis” saxelebiT

moixseniebs poeti: “Seunde, Seunde, Seunde Cems Tvalebs, Seunde Cems xelebs,

borotad daRaluls, me Seni umanko naTeli mawvalebs da veli saswauls” (2,162).

naTeli RmerTis saxelia: “me naTeli var wuTisoflisa” (ioane, 8, 12) (12, 195).

saswauli Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi mravalgzis figurirebs uflis saxelad.

mivmarToT fsalmuns:

“didi da saswaulmoqmedi xar, Sen xar RmerTi erTaderTi” (fs. 85-85,10).

“mouTxreT ers misi Rirseba, yovel ers misi saswauli” (fs. 95/96, 3).

“ugalobeT ufals axali aRTqma, radgan saswaulebi moimoqmeda” (fs. 97/98, 1).

“moimoqmede Cems mimarT saswauli sasikeTo, Semewire da nugeSi meci” (fs. 85/86,

17).

“gadideb ufalo, vilaparakeb Sens saswaulebs” (fs. 9, 2).

“aqeT igi, ilaparakeT yovel mis saswaulze” (fs. 104/105, 2).

“gaixseneT misi saswaulebi, saocrebani” (fs. 104-105, 5).

saswaulis saxe gvxvdeba winaswarmetyvel miqasTan: “gaCveneb saswaulebs,

rogorc im dReebSi” (miqa winaswarmetyveli,7,15).

danielis winaswarmetyvelebaSi xazgasmulia RmerTis saswaulebi: “raoden didia

misi niSnebi, _ raoden Zlevamosilia misi saswaulebi” (danieli, III,10).

“igi Svelis da ixsnis, saswaulebs da niSnebs axdens caze da dedamiwaze”

(danieli, 6, 28).

dantem RmerTi moixsenia, rogorc “saswauli” (13,348).

145

galaktionis leqsSi “bnelcodvili luciferis” mZvinvareba daamarcxa “umanko

naTelma” da “saswaulma” (RmerTma).

xSirad poeti TvalTmaqcuri Rimilis miRma satanuri sulis Sxams da gesls

Wvretda: “me vici saxe, romlis nakvTebze mxolod satanis suli krTeboda, SxamiT

da gesliT uZgerda guli, igi ki mainc iRimeboda” (Rimili) (3, 143).

galaktions aRaSfoTebda “mavne qveynis suli”, romelsac xalxTa ubedureba

uxaroda da “sasikvdilo arias” mReroda (vilaneli) (3, 312).

poets ar gamohparvia gveluri bunebis satana, romelsac pacifistis niRabi

hqonda morgebuli: “...isev gveluri miparebiT iReba kari da demoniviT am leqsebis

Semodis gmiri” (gaicaniT, pacifistia) (5, 179).

ukeTuri satanebi, demonebi tyviebs arigebdnen, rom dedamiwaze sikeTisTvis

eZiaT Suri: “man SeaCvia Tvis suls satana, ali qurebis, demoniurad miuZRvis

RamiT razmebs tyviebiT, rom dedamiwas uCvenos amiT SurisZieba” (mogoneba) (2, 44).

poeti momwre iyo demonTa mier organizebuli samgloviaro etlebis frenis:

“demoniurad miuZRvis RamiT, samgloviaro etlebis frenas...” (samgloviaro etlebis

frena) (2,36).

borotebis qaris oromtrialSi belzebels Wvretda kidiT-kide (qariSxlis

Semdeg) (2, 128).

TiTqos demons epyra Wianuri daadamianur wyurvils axSobda (sxvisi sispetake

ufro agiJebs) (2, 77).

poeti winaswarmetyvelurad Wvretda imperializmis saSiSroebas, romelic

satanuri celiT cdilobda miwazesicocxlis aTibvas, sisxliani samoselis

morgebas: “miwas kvlav efineba imperialisturi omis saSiSroeba, raTa sataniuri

celiT miwa aTibos, raTa asisxlebuli mxrebi moiqaTibos” (miwas kvlav efineba) (5,

78, 512).

eSmaki gamudmebiT maxes agebs,magram “alocebis” poza ucxo ar aris misTvis

(gviani ocneba) (3, 57).

dafiqreba da SeeWveba sCvevia borot suls (saRamov, vici) (2, 57), mwuxarebis

niRabs ikeTebs... (var genia rimaneli) (3, 265).

xSirad ki, roca iwyeba “aguguneba demonTa gundis” saxezea “ngreva Rrublebis,

dalewili ca” (zRvis efemera) (3, 208).

ca RmerTis(10, 121), Rrublebi mariamis simboloa (11, 124).

leqsiT miniSnebulia demonuri Zalebis mier sarwmunoebis uaryofaze.

mTawmindis iqiT uxilavs poets bneli Crdilebis “dingebis grova”, dasisxluli

mze, da borotebis ayvaveba (Savi da Cumi dRis yvavilebi) da usasoobis gancda

dauflebia (mTawmindis iqiT) (3, 127).

demonebi warumateblobis, damarcxebis SiSs unergavdnen: “me demonebi qrolviT

maradiT momagonebdnen dafarul SxamiT, rom uimedod mivqrodi RamiT gatexil

SubiT da muzaradiT” (magram me ra vqna?) (3, 111).

gvelisgan mowamluli “yvavilovani siymawvile” da qnari elegiur motivebs

aZlevda stimuls (elegia) (5, 30-31).

poeti natrobda demonTa daviwyebas: “...mxolod demonTa daviwyeba eZebs samyofels,

yovelivesTvis iyos igi samagiero” (Sens siymawviles) (3, 180).

sabolood, galaktioni ki ar emoneboda, amxelda satanas: “iyav satana, iyav

demoni!” (bindis stumari).

146

luciferTan brZolaSi “saswauli” _ RmerTi eimedeboda da usmenda ra

lucifers, Tan brZoliT asustebda,riTac sikvdils da siberesac amarcxebda:

“yrud vusmendi liucifers, is brZolaSi mivanele, vgmob samares da siberes me,

genia rimaneli” (var genia romaneli) (3, 389).

ori mrisxane stiqiis brZola “cxovrebasa” da belzebels” Soris iyo, rac erT-

erTis gamarjvebiT unda damTavrebuliyo (gzadagza) (3, 445).

cxovreba, yofna, sicocxle RmerTis saxelia: “me var gza, cxovreba,

WeSmariteba” (ioane, 14, 6) (12, 211).

leqsSi “demoniuri” (5, 187) poeti gmobs sicocxlis _ RmerTis gareSe cxovrebas:

“ar gicxovria Sen qveyanaze, Sen gaiare sicocxlis axli... Sen gaiare sicocxlis

axlo da sicocxlisTvis ar Segixedavs” (stansebi) (14,508-509).

samyaroSi yovelive warmavalia, sulisa da mSvenierebis garda, laCrisTvis ki

mxolod satana aris ukvdavi: “arara hgiebs ukunisamde, sul yvelaferi midis da

hqreba, Rrubels amarTuls uzrunvel camde idumaleba ar esizmreba. mSvenierebas

uxmo sikvdili moelis qveynad, Tan ar moelis... SenTvis, laCaro, ukvdavi aris xma

satanasi da samoelis” (demoniuri) (6, 102).

“aRar arsebobs igi demoni, is brZoliT aris dasustebuli, iqneba Zalas

ikrebdes isev, rom dauwewos msoflios suli” _ acxadebs poeti.

satanis, borotis mZleveli mxolod siyvarulis RmerTia, romelic “bneleTis

demons daejaxa, gaanadgura da qveynad erTa siyvaruli daasadgura. borotni

sulni xeobebis iqiT gareka, gamococxlebis, gaRviZebis zari dareka” (svanis

dabruneba) (14, 55).

galaktionis STagoneba zRvasTan, udabnosTan, demonebTan iyo wilnayari: “zrvas

udabnos da demonebs Cemi bediswera SeeCvia da simRerac mxolod maTTan sjera”

(bediswera) (5, 150).

magram “sibrZnis demoni”, demoni, rogorc genialobis simbolo, sxva Temaa da

mas sxvagan vexebiT (1, 63-73).

literatura

1. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis poeziis problemuri sakiTxebi, Tb. 1991.


3. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani or wignad, wigni I, leqsebi, Tb. 1988.

4. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. V, Tb. 1995.


6. goeTe,fausti, Tb. 1961.

7. merab kostava, Sewyvetili fiqrebi, Tb. 1991.

8. vaxtang javaxaZe, ucnobi, Tb. 1991.

9. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. XI, Tb.

10. tite mosia, saRvTo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi,1995.





147

Tavi IV

apokalifsuri saxeebi

galaktion tabiZem RmerTisuarmyofel, mefistofelis saukuneSi icxovra. am epoqis

diriJori iyo satana, anu aTeisturi, sisxliani rusuli bolSevizmi.

“Rrma sibrZniT Tvalanaxeli” poetebis mefe sagnebis, movlenebis “mizezTa

mizezs” eZebda, bibliuri winaswarmetyvelebiviT evlineboda xilvebi, romlebic

momavals ucdomlad mianiSnebdnen.

“bumberazi winaTgrZnobiT” momadlebulma galaktionma yovelgvari niRbis

gareSe ixila social-demokratTa saxeebi, oqtombris revoluciis reJisorTa suli,

maTi saqmianobis damRupveli Sedegebi. winaswar darwmunda, rom socializmis

saxeliT ara qristes, aramed barabas gzas erTgulebdnen. poeti mTeli epoqis

aSkara Tu farul dinebebs miswvda.

qarTul saliteraturo kritikaSi galaktioni gamocxadebuli iyo revoluciis,

sabWoTa wyobilebis, socialisturi aRmSeneblobis gulwrfel momRerlad.

magram poetis saRmrTo da saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba, graalis,

qristianuli idealebisadmi erTguleba gamoricxavs sisxliani Zaladobisadmi

simpaTiebs, Tanac revoluciis cneba erTmniSvnelovani rodia da aSkarad

sxvadasxvagvaria galaktionis damokidebuleba Tebervlisa da oqtombris

revoluciebisadmi.

“wminda cis” SuqiT gaalebuli poetis suli ucdomlad Wvretda miwier

ukeTurobebs, globaluri kataklizmebis mizezebs uRrmavdeboda, mefistofelis,

apokalifsuri mxecebis sauflod qceul qveyanas xsnis gzebs uCvenebda

borotebisadmi niRbis CamoglejiT.

TiTqmis erTnairi gagebiT SevxvdebiT galaktionis poeziaSi mxecis, nadiris,

afTris, mglis, gienas, qajis saxeebs. isini arian apokalifsur mxecTa variaciebi,

samyaroSi bediswerisgan droebiT ganarjvebuli siavis personaJebi, romelTa

ufskrulSi Caxocvaze TviT bibliur xilvebSia miniSnebuli.

Sesabamisad, Wotebis, qorebis, yornebis, bus, mikiotTa Cxavili enacvleba

borotebamoZalebul saukuneSi “siyvarulis xmas”. “yru dedamiwas” ar ainteresebda

araferi RvTiuri.

galaktionis leqsi “fragmentebidan: cecxli fiqriania” revoluciuri

damsjelTa razmis ngreviT saqmianobas gvamcnobs; “yvelaferi sruliad gamxecebul

alisagan ganadgurebulia”.

mxecis sisastikes, mis gamanadgurebel saqmianobas, sisxlis morevebs, cecxlad

agizgizebul borotebas, cremlebis okeanes, sikvdilis meufebas gvixatavs

galaktionis poemidan _ “igi omia”: “xmobiT saSineliT TxrilSi CaCrilebi, nisli

morgebia saxe fiTrebuli, exla saSineli grova daWrilebis TiTqo morgvebia

148

dasaxiCrebuli... gana sisastikiT, rac aq daiRvara sisxlis morevebi, gamoizomeba ?

mxeci Tokiani dahqris uvnebeli, qveynebs Sevlebia cecxlis mezodeni, dadga okeane

dausrulebeli, es xom cremlebia, magram esodeni ?”

“zecis ngreva” (uzenaesis dagmoba), “miwis gadaferdeba” (qveyniuri ukeTurobebi)

mxecTa da demonTa Rvawlia: “TiTqo moingra zeca, sisxli, sicili loTis, TiTqo

maluli mxeci ufskrulebidan modis”.

“sisxlSi” warmogvidgeba gaugonari represiebis xana, eris rCeulTa fizikuri

da sulieri Semusvris procesi, romelsac warmarTavs mxeci: “saSinelia igrZno

uecrad, rom aRar dganan Zveli kaklebi, Seni saxeli maT miucrad _ mxeci ! arc

meti da arc naklebi... ros muxlebamde sisxlis morevi gsvris da mSobliur

cxedrebs exebi, kmayofili xar maTi moreviT, yelamde sisxlSi midis fexebi”.

am movlenebis ostats hqvia “umtkicesi boroteba”, “mkvleli”, “iuda”...

galaktioni amxels “mSobliur cxedrebTan” SexebiT gaxarebul mxecebs,

romelTac CvenSic hyavdaT adresatebi.

poetis Canawerebi mowmobs, rom antipaTiurad yofila ganwyobili stalinisadmi,

radgan 1937 wlis represiebs Seewira olia okujava.

1959 wlis 9 martis winadRes galaktioni ar ahyva egzaltirebuli

axalgazrdebis Zaxils: “gaumarjos did stalins!”

galaktionis damokidebuleba beladad aRiarebuli stalinisadmi vlindeba aseT

SeniSvnebSi: “asec ar SeiZleba, amxanago stalino. stalinis Sesaxeb rac leqsebia...

hm...” (1, 465-466) im dros damkvidrebuli saxotbo lirikis paTetikas galaktionma

aseTi mamxilebeli striqonebi daupirispira: “maS Zirs mflobeloba kaen-iudebis,

qneva da TareSi berias kudebis”.

poets beria warmoudgenia totaluri borotebis rejisorad: “beriaa naSeneb

Senobas rom moSlida, beriaa _ qarTveli eri rom amojlita, beriaa _ cxedrebiT

qveyana rom dahfara, beriaa _ sinaTle bnels rom gadaafara” (1, 479).

konkretul pirovnebas mimarTavda erT leqsSi: “Sen xar is mxeci, romelic

yefas ar agvianebs. ucxo najaxiT Sen upob kefas adamianebs”.

“mware kbilis”, “jojoxeTuri alis damnTebi” saSineli ganadgurebis momtani

mxeci boboqrobs leqsSi “ar aris igi imdenad tkbili”.

mxecisa da mis TanamzraxvelTa saxeebi amoicnoba leqsSi “mTawmindis iqiT”: “ar

aris Svela. bneli Crdilebi mravldeba, rogorc sibneleSi dingebis grova...”

aq datrialebuli ubedurebis fonze msoflios mwuxareba mxolod landad,

Crdilad isaxeba.

leqsSi “rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi” sikeTe “moklulia, rogorc afTari”.

mxecis saqmeebia sisxli, sikvdili, warRvnaSi mcuravi cxedrebi, “gadamsxvreuli

swori kenari” (uaryofili sicocxlis xe, ane RmerTi) (2, 181).

neronis cecxli, jvarcma, ubedureba, rRveva, cxedrebi, giliotina, eSafoti

ilandeba mxecis brWyalebSi Cavardnil TbilisSi (Tbilisi).

drois maxasiaTebeli afTaria: “es dro _ afTari Sen saukunis svlas mianebe”

(elegia).

mxeci ar icnobs mzes, igi saRamos binadaria (aCrdili Cumi da moTareSe).

“samgloviaro etlebis demonuri winamZRolis” saxeSi diqtator imperatorTa

saqmianoba cnaurdeba.

149

“imperatoro, Sen diqtatoro, mZvinvareb sisxlis korianteliT, mamis saflavze

rad dagaviwyda, agenTo erTi wminda sanTeli”, mimarTa saocari gabedulebiT

terenti granelma msoflio tiranuli politikis genias _ stalins (3, 398).

galaktionis Winkac xsenebuli borotebis nairsaxeobaa. igi emtereba yovelive

amaRlebuls, simbolur alis Wiqas (ali qristes, Wiqa mariamis simboloa) (4, 36,

117) “lurj edems” (mariamis saxea) (5, 121), qars ugzavnis, sZuls “brolis ritmi,

musika” (saRvTo hangebi), maisis baRi (baRi kacuri bunebaa ipolite romaelis

mixedviT) amarjvebinebs udabnos (urwmunoebas, usulobas), Winka qviTinebs poetis

binaSi da Semoqmedebis amaoebis, sikvdilis garduvalobis intonaciebiT wamlavs

suls: “rad ginda brolis ritmi, musika, sikvdili gelis”. magram, sabednierod,

Winka dabmulia da misi borotebis asparezi Sekvecili (dabmuli Winka).

“calTvala mefistofeli”, bnelcodvili luciferi”, satana, belzebeli, Savi

demoni galaktionis poeziaSi epoqis totaluri borotebis maxasiaTebelia.

sxva saxelmwifos Zlieri cofiT mowamlul xalxs urCevs poeti, saRad Sexedos

sinamdviles da maSin gulmarTlis niRabSi demoni Seicnoba: “gulmarTlis, saxe _

kdemobis CamoiSore niRabi, rom dainaxo demonis energiuli nikapi!”

“mwyemsi keTilis” _ qristes (ioane, 10, 14) (6, 20) siwmindes Seenacvla sisastike,

al-qajebis meufeba am sofelze: “cxovreba gawyra da gaalqajda, mindvrebSi gatyda

ocneba mwyemsis” (portreti).

qajis uaryofiTi saxe, romelic SoTa rusTavelis “vefxistyaosnidan” aris

cnobili, sabWoTa sinamdnilis dasaxasiaTeblad gamoiyena. axal droSi xalxis

mesveurT, medroveT cxvris tyavi aqvT morgebuli, saqmiT qajebi arian:

“Tavmjdomare... cxvaria, imisi ena, saqme qajiviT cxarea” (Cemi meetle).

poema “mSvidobis wignSi” gaSuqebulia imperiuli ambiciebis mqone didi qveynis

mimarTeba mcire erisadmi. masSi Sejamebulia im muxanaTobebis seria, rac Cvens

qveyanas awvnia “mterma meorem”, “mgmobarma megobarma”, romelic saxeldebulia

qajad.

qajis mcdelobiT daikarga “mSvidobis wigni”. wigni Rmertis simboloa (4, 151-

152), qaji rusuli bolSevizmis, romelmac rwmenis saxeliT gagvacura, jer

damoukidebloba, mere RmerTis rwmenac wagvarTva. am urwmuno imperias ioane

RvTismetyvelis gamocxadebaSi eSmakis taxtis memkvidre ewodeba da is sabWoTa

kavSiria (7, 411).

galaktionis poemaSi saubaria maxeze, badeze, did SeTqmulebaze, wylis

amRvrevasa da mzis gauCinarebaze.

“qajT mier gadanabirebi” zvirTebi angreven saxlebs. imuqrebian Cveni cixe-

simgreebis aRebiT, xalxis aklebiT.

midamos satana daepatroneba, eri yofna-aryofnis zRvarze aRmoCndeba, sanTeli

qreba,mze Cadis (mze da sanTeli saRvTo saxelebia) (8, 122), mamuli nislis samefod

iqceva.

qajebma aRazeves mglebi, ZaRlebi, bayayebi, Wotebi, jojoebi, devebi...

nadirTa saTareSod qceul qveyanaSi gansakuTrebuli madiT gamoirCeva vefxvi,

romelsac surs “rame namceci miwis da zecis”. warRvnismagvari stiqiiT iRupebian

adamianebi, iZireba bavSvebiani akvnebi, xalxi xdeba sicivis mZevali, Tovlis, zvavis

msxverpli, xdeba “gadaSeneba iaT da vardTa” (ia da vardi saRmrTo saxelebia) (8,

122), jagis, yvavilT momSTobi eklebis momravleba.

150

es ubedureba mSvidobis wignis dakargvis Semdeg xdeba. bolos, xalxi Caswvda

Tavisi tragediis mizezebs, tarielma ipova qajebis mier gatacebuli wigni, mere

dacxra warRvna, amindi gamzianda, “mzis sveti” gamobrwyinda, wignis kiTxviT xalxs

“Subls daesaxa cisiereba”, “diadad gaTenda”, “ciskris wamwami axamxamda”, ganTiadi

dabrunda (ciskari, ganTiadi saRmrTo saxelebia) (8, 122), magram wyaldidobis

Sedegad darCa simyraliT savse ormoebi, sadac yvavilebi ver iyvavilebs, poemis

avtori xalxs urCevs, simwriT napovni wigni galavnian cixeSi Seinaxos, karebi

magrad Caketos, WiSkrebi Carazos da yvela gadamTieli ar aTareSos Tavis miwaze,

ufro meti sifxizle ifaros farad.

qmediTi erovnuli ideologia asea gamoTqmuli: “xifaTSi myofo vazo da mdelo,

Semoikribe gonT siZliere, Torem gvianRa iqneba mere, ufro metad gamWriaxoba

iyos imedad”.

leqsSi “maxajiri” imperiuli ruseTis mier afxazTa gadasaxlebis istoriuli

faqtia (1864-1877 ww.) Tema.

maxajirobis reJisoria qaji. mas enacvleba nadiri da mxeci.

nawinaswarmetyvelebia maTi droebiTi meufeba: “gardava bneli saukunis mRvrie

nadiri, aRmosavleTi moirTveba ciskris alubliT”.

mxecTa bunagebis iavarqmnis rwmena gamoxata poetma leqsSi “evropav, rogor ar

gaxsovs?” galaktionis mxecisa da misi variaciebis saxeebi poetis mier ioane

RvTismetyvelis gamocxadebis ucdomeli gagebiT aris STagonebuli. ioanes

gamocxadebaSi sayuradReboa ori mxecis saxe. gamocxadebaSi mxeci

winaswarmetyvelebs daxocavs, magram isini samnaxevari dRis Semdeg gacocxldebian

da zecaSi avlen (gamocxadeba 11,7,8,9,10).

“wiTel gveleSaps”, wuTisoflis macdurs (T. 12) ebrZvis miqaeli angelozebTan

erTad zecaSi. mas Camoagdeben miwaze. gveleSapi Tavis Zalas, taxts da did

xelmwifebas miscems zRvidan amomaval mxecs, romelic gmobs RmerTs. mas Tayvans

scemen isini, vinc Cawerili ar arian sicocxlis wignSi, romelic aqvs kravs

(“gamocxadeba”, 11,1-8).

Semdeg gamoCndeba miwidan amomavali mxeci, romelic mxecis xatebas gaakeTebs

da aiZulebs yvelas, Tayvani scen mas. xelze an Sublze mxecis niSnis mimRebni

svamen RvTis mrisxanebis Rvinos (gamocxadeba, 14,10), maTi wamebis kvali dis

ukuniTi ukunisamde.

RvTis mZvinvarebis Svidi Tasis miwaze gadmoRvris Semdeg mxecis niSnis mqone

adamianebs uCndebaT sazareli Wrilobebi (gamocxadeba, 16,1,2).

mexuTe angelozi gadmoRvris Tavisi Tasidan mxecis taxtze da dabneldeba misi

samefo (16,10).

eSmakis sulebi axdenen saswaulebs, gamodian mTeli msoflios mefeebTan, raTa

Sekribon isini yovlisSemZle RvTis didi dRisaTvis (gamocxadeba, 16,14).

aTi mxeci SeebrZoleba kravs, magram kravi gaimarjvebs.

mxecs da mis Tayvanismcemlebs Caagdeben cecxlis tbaSi (gamocxadeba, 19,17,20).

angelozi gveleSaps SeboWavs aTasi wliT da ufskrulSi miuCens adgils

(gamocxadeba, 20,10).

bibliis komentatorebi akonkreteben apokalifsis mxecTa adresatebs. “zRvidan

momavali mxecis Tavi, romelmac sasikvdilo Wriloba miiRo da ar mokvda, lenimia.

man imefa 42 Tve, 1917-1921 ww., vidre SeeZlo azrovneba, ris Semdegac mefobda meore

151

mxeci _ stalini, romelmac Seqmna pirveli mxecis xati da daxoca yvela, vinc

Tayvans ar scenda mas. pirveli mxeci, zRvidan amomavali, niSnavs xalxis

mRelvarebidan mosul belads, lenins. meore mxeci, miwidan mosuli, aris

iatakqveSeli bolSeviki stalini. axda bibliuri winaswarmetyveleba. Seiqmna

uRmerTo imperia, magram wiTeli gveleSapis yovlisSemZleobasac moeRo bolo,

daemxo borotebis sisxliani monstri. bibliaze damyarebiT, galaktioni

winaswarmetyvelebda Cveni ubedurebis moTave nadir-mxecTa gadaSenebas da

marTlac, saukunis bolos gavxdiT totaluri borotebis ukandaxevis mowme, xolo

aRmosavleTi, saidanac gamoCnda cocxali RmerTis beWdis mpyrobeli angelozi

(gamocxadeba, 1,2-3), jerjerobiT isev SeWirvebulia da ciskris gamoCenas moelis.

literatura

1. vaxtang javaxaZe, “ucnobi”, Tbilisi, 1991.

2. akaki baqraZe, sasuliero poeziis saxeebi, kr. “poezia”, 1981.

3. “cisferi siSore”, Tbilisi, 1978.


5. tite mosia, “saRvTismSoblo saxismetyveleba”, zugdidi, 1996.


7. ioane-iona, “ra unda vakeToT”, Tbilisi, 1994.

8. titemosia, “saRvTo saxismetyveleba”, zugdidi, 1995.

Tavi V

baRi galaktion tabiZis saxismetyvelebaSi

galaktion tabiZis umTavresi Taviseburebaa Rrmaazrovani saTqmelis simbolur-

metaforuli saxeebiT gamJRavneba.

baRis saxes poetebis mefis Semoqmedebam SesZina socialuri, filosofiuri,

religiuri, politikuri qveteqstebi.

bibliaSi orgvari baRi da venaxi gvxvdeba.

zeciuri venaxi qristes simboloa: “me var vazi WeSmariti da mamaCemi mevenaxea”

(ioane, 151) (1,213).

miwis venaxi da baRi bibliaSi ebraeli xalxis simboloa.

“cabaoT uflis venaxi israelis da iudas saxlia, misi sanatreli nergi” (esaia,

5,7,) (2, 77).

aseve, ebraeli xalxia morwyuli baRis adresati: “iqnebi morwyuli baRiviT da

wyarosaviT, romlis wylebi arasodes daSreba” (esaia, 58,11) (2,117).

152

zeciuri baRi wminda sulebis, angelozebis savanea.

edemis baRi, romelic Seqmna RmerTma, ucodveli adamis da evas sacxovrisi iyo.

baRSi yvaoda sicocxlisa da cnobadis xeebi. pirvel adamianebs ufleba

eZleodaT, eWamaT sicocxlis xis nayofi, magram ekrZalebodaT cnobadis xis

nayofis miReba. boroti sulisagan cdunebulma evam daarRvia es piroba da adamsac

SeaWama akrZaluli xili, rasac mohyva maTi cnobierebis Secvla da samoTxidan

gandevna (dabadeba, T. 2, 16,17) (2, 8).

galaktion tabiZe xSirad mimarTavs baRis saxes da Tanac mravalmniSvnelovania

misi Canafiqri.

Zalze xSirad, baRi da mebaRe religiur WrilSi aqvs gaazrebuli.

poetis leqsebSi baRi simboloa xalxisa, xolo misi macocxlebeli aris mebaRe-

RmerTi.

leqsi “gadanaxuli droSebi” (1908 w.) dakarguli rwmenis, gadamxmari baRebisa da

amomSrali wyaros reqviemia, anu uaryofili RmerTisa da gausaxurebuli

adamianuri bunebis gamotireba: “vdgevar kldeze _ aq odesme baRi iyo sanetaro.

gadamxmara Cveni baRi, amomSrala Cveni wyaro” (3,9).

klde, sulieri klde qristes metaforuli saxelia: “da yvelani svamdnen erTsa

da imave sulier sasmels, vinaidan svamdnen sulieri kldidan, romelic Tan

dahyveboda maT; xolo is klde iyo qriste” (pavle mociquli, korinTelTa, 10,4)

(1,370).

galaktionis leqsSi kldeze gaSenebuli baRi rwmeniT ganmtkicebuli xalxia.

leqsis mixedviT, adre aq “droSebiT umRerodnen rwmenas mTaze gamosaxuls”.

mTis saxe mimaniSnebelia mariam RvTismSobelze da igi momdinareobs danielis

winaswarmetyvelebidan: “hxedevd, vidre ara gamoekueTa lodi mTisagan Tvinier

xelTasa” (danieli, 2,34) (2,247).

mTa mariamis, lodi _ Ze RmerTis simboloa.

sicocxlis wyali, cocxali wyali qristes metaforad figurirebs Zvel da

axal aRTqmaSi.

RmerTi aris “cxovelmyofeli wyarosTvali” (ieremia, 17,13) (2,14).

“im dRes iqneba, rom idinebs ierusalimidan sicocxlis wyali” (zaqaria, 14,8)

(2,304).

“gavxsni nakadulebs xmel gorebze da wyaroebs tramalebSi. udabnos wylis

tborad vaqcev, xriok miwas _ wyarosTvalad” (esaia, 41,18) (2,104).

galaktionis “gadanaxul droSebSi” “amomSrali wyaro” RmerTis uaryofaze,

“gadamxmari baRi” uRmerTobiT gauxeSebul sulze migvaniSnebs.

RmerTis uaryofa, wminda gzidan gadaxveva yovelTvis satanasTan daZmobilebiT

mTavrdeba, rac adamianuri bunebis gaudaburebis momtania.

es movlena galaktionis mier saxeldebulia, rogorc baRis gaxmoba, edemis

ganadgureba, maisis gaqroba.

“dabmul WinkaSi” swored am procesze xdeba miniSneba: “lurji edemi qarma

daburda, maisi gahqra da baRi Cemi gaudaburda” (4,388).

“lurji edemi”, samoTxe mariamis simboluri saxelia (5,11).

maisi, gazafxuli (Zveli qarTuliT zafxuli) RmerTis metaforaa: “gvirgvini

daadgi Seni sikeTis zafxuls da Seni nakvalevidan wveTavs simsuqne” (fs. 65,12)

(1,588).

153

leqsi “qari” epoqis satanuri Zalaa, romelic enacvleba saRvTo naTels.

uzenaesi sawyisebis uaryofa, Winkebis (cdunebis), qaris Zala baRs _ kacTa

bunebas atialebs, udabnos abatonebs: “uCinrad rbian dReni da Tveni, ar vTvli maT

denas da gamarjveba, udabnov Seni, me marTmevs enas, saukuneTa vdgevar winaSe ase

gulkmkvdari...”

“udabno, kldovani landSafti ganasaxierebs saaqaos codvil yofas” (z.

gamsaxurdia, 6,211).

“droTa avadmyofobas” mosdevs gazafxulis gaqroba, baRis sikvdili, kvalis

dakargva, xolo “Zveli wignebis” gverdebis areva wyevliT da SeCvenebiT mTavrdeba:

“gazafxulisa gahqra Sveneba da miefara nisls sizmareuls... da baRic kvdeba

Zvelad darguli, is yvelafers grZnobs kvaldakarguli. ra qaotur bades edebi,

sadaa, bedo, is imedebi?... Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls sdevs mxolod wyevla

da SeCveneba” (Zveli wignebis gverdebs areuls) (3,281).

gazafxuli (zafxuli) saRvTo saxelia (fs. 65,12).

RmerTis metaforaa wigni, Zveli wigni da misi variaciebi mravlad aris

“mSvidobis wignSi”.

wignis saRvTo saxelad gagebis magaliTi gvxvdeba esaias winaswarmetyvelebaSi:

“iqneba mTeli es xilva, rogorc dabeWdili wignis sityvebi”.

“gaigoneben im dRes yruebi wignis sityvebs da brmaTa Tvalebi _ bnelidan da

ukunidan gamoixedaven” (esaia, 29,11,18) (2,94).

netari avgustines “aRsarebaSi” RmerTs ewodeba “diadi wigni”: “arasdros ar

daixeva maTi wigni, arasdros ar aixeva maTi gragnili imitom, rom TviT xar,

ufalo, es wigni maTTvis da am wignadve hgieb ukunisamde” (7,217).

dantes “RvTaebriv komediaSi” RmerTis saxelia “sanukveli wigni”, “diadi

wigni”(8,383).

galaktionis leqsSi gazafxulis gaqroba gvamcnobs RmerTisgan gandgomas,

rwmenasganSorebul xalxze miuTiTebs “mkvdari”, “kvaldakarguli” baRi, xolo

“Zveli wignis areuli gverdebi” Seryvnil rwmenaze, rasac “wyevla da SeCveneba”,

sasjeli mohyveba.

“atmis yvavilebSi” damWknari yvavili, gaZarculi atmis xe migvaniSnebs rwmenis

dakargvas.

am sferoSi mravlad aris qaragma, igavi, alegoria.

leqsSi “mTvaris Crdili” baRs afenia mTvaris Crdili, sadRac ki Taris xma

ismis yovel quCaze, gza-Saraze, magram mis simebSi moCvenebiTia wyali.

leqsis frazebi: “yvelaferi aris Zlier kargad” da “ wyaro Cans da wyali

arsad aris” realur viTarebas avlens da mTavar aqcents akeTebs saTqmelze:

“mTvaris Crdili baRs efina qargad, maSin, roca sadRac xmaa Taris, yvelaferi

aris Zlier kargad, yvelaferi Zlier cudad aris... o, daCumdi, mokakane Taro,

yovel quCis, yovel gzis da Saris, Sens simebSi me momwyurda wyaro, wyaro Cans da

wyali arsad aris (3,395).

realur viTarebas avlens frazebi: “yvelaferi aris Zlier cudad”, “wyaro Cans

da wyaro arsad aris”, radgan wyaro, wyali qristianuli RmerTis saxelia, misi

hangebi, qristianobis idea, msaxureba ki ucxoa aRmosavluri TarisTvis.

mTvare qristianuli RmerTis alegoriuli saxelia: “mTovare dadga wmidasa

zeda Tvissa, qalwuli ubiwoi”(9,439).

154

galaktionis leqsis lirikuli gmiri _ mariam RvTismSobelis saxiT mianiSnebs

mTavar qaragmas, am konteqstSia naxsenebi wyali (qristes simbolo), xolo

aRmosavluri Saragzis Tari ar aris wyaros, wylis hangebiT wyurvilis

damacxrobeli, anu leqsi rwmenis deficits warmoaCens.

“Semodgomis dReSi” mkvdaria yvavilebi, momakvdavia baRi, anu urwmuno adamianis

sulisTvis WeSmariti cxovreba ucxoa: “mkvdar yvavilebis fenas grZnobs momakvdavi

baRi, guli iburavs wyenas, rogorc katorRis daRi” (10,36-37).

leqsSi “guli” (1919 w.) megobrad dasaxuli mtris mier dawyvetili vardebi,

“usivrco baRi” (urwmuno adamianis arasrulyofili buneba), dangreul qandakebebSi

Camarxuli guli SegvagrZnobinebs aTeistur epoqaSi dakninebul suls,

originaluri saxea “usivrco baRi”.

“mSvidobis wignSi” “mteri meore”, megobris niRbiT movlenili mtris satanuri

ideologia ebrZvis Cvens rwmenas, adamianur bunebas, muxanaTuri xerxebiT agebs

maxes, awyobs SeTqmulebas, amRvrevs “wminda da fergamWvirvale wyaros”, miaqvs

Cveni “usufTavesi baRi”, tye, misi mcdeloba Tavidan “baRis waxdeniT” sruldeba,

“baRi ar baRobs”. Semdeg xalxi gaicnobierebs Tavisi ubedurebis mizezebs,

miubrundeba RmerTs da gadarCeba (11,144-276).

galaktionis mier daxatuli baRi “feerulia”, “fantazmiT mosili”.

zogjer dakonkretebulia problema, lokaluria garemo, yuradRebis centrSi

eqceva kojris qari da veris baRi, romelic “daviwyebulia” da “Savi Crdili” aqvs

Semovlebuli: “baRSi,mosilSi Cveni fantazmiT, kojriT dahqrola qarma dilisam.

miTxari, gulo, ra ferisaa, exla rom Savi Crdili avlia, daviwyebuli baRi

verisa?” (aivanze) (3,323).

“daviwyebuli baRi” daviwyebuli xalxia, “Savi Crdili” ki baRis moCvenebiTi

patronis avi zraxvebis mauwyebelia.

Cvenis azriT, poeti lokalurs ganazogadebs da alegoriulad gviCvenebs

Savsieli xalxisTvis gamzadebul borot zraxvebs.

leqsSi “lenini” “Ria baRebis” mRelvareba, grigali, msoflio ngreva gvauwyebs

mosalodnel ubedurebas: “mRelvareba RrRnis qalaqis qalas: Cavardnil Tvalebs

da Ria baRebs... daxurul karebs grigali aRebs... axloa dro msoflio ngrevisa”

(3,362).

grigalisgan gaRebuli karebi da Riad darCenili baRi daucveli xalxis

asociacias qmnis.

karebis Tema erT-erTi umTavresia galaktionis poeziaSi.

karebis Caketvis, sazRvrebis, ganZis galavnian koSkSi moTavsebis Sesaxeb

gvesaubreba poeti poema “mSvidobis wignSi”.

narinjebiT da iebiT savse baRisken mteri moiwevs da kari unda iqnes Caketili,

aseTia dedaazri leqsisa “me Sens sinaTles vzogav” (4,472).

karebis moxsnaSi alegoriulad sazRvrebis moSla igulisxmeba (im erTa ligas)

(10,197).

baRis odnav gaRebuli karebidan mosmenili Zveleburi aryebis Sriali sul

“sxva cxovrebisTvis” aRviZebs suls: “mxolod xandaxan qari Searxevs odnav

gaRebul karebs baRisas, Sriali gaaqvT Zvelebur aryebs, sxva cxovrebisTvis

TiTqos maRviZebs” (gzaSi) (3,201).

155

“sxva cxovreba”, cxovreba RmerTis saxelia: “me var gza, cxovreba, WeSmariteba”

(ioane, 14,6) (1,211).

leqsSi “me erTaderTi mqonda wuxili” uZveles baRSi danTebul erTaderT

sanTels enacvleba grigali, korianteli: “Sors erTaderTi enTo sanTeli

uuZvelesi baRis totebiT, aq ki grigali, korianteli da tye mSfoTvare

TavgamodebiT” (3,335).

“uuZvelesi baRi” uuZvelesi, didi warsulis mqone mSobeli xalxis paradigmaa,

xolo “erTaderTi sanTeli” _ RmerTia, radgan qriste aris “sanTeli naTlisa”

(12,323).

grigalis, koriantelis moZaleba da tyis mSfoTvareba alegoriulad gvauwyebs

borotebis, ukeTuris muqaras.

leqsSi “pirimze” qreba darbazebi, ecema svetebi, kubo iiT ivseba... sizmarSi

“waqceuli svetebi dgeba”, realobaSi ki “gaiyves Zmebma moxuci baRi da mwuxareba

damrCa aseTi” (3,274).

sveti, ia mariamis simboloebia (13,124), iis adgili kuboSia, sveti waqceulia

(sxvagan aris “kuboebSi STanTqmuli ca” _ “sikvdili mTvarisgan”).

Zmebi arian Cvens “ufros Zmad” saxeldebuli moyvris niRbiT mosuli mtrebi,

Cvens baRSi, mamulSi wildadebulni. swored esaa poetis wuxilis mizezi.

“mSobliur efemeraSi” tye gugunebs amiranis saxels, sasurveli idealis

dakargvas (3,337).

rwmenis iavarqmnas, urwmuno xalxis tragedias gvicnobierebs leqsi “Semodgoma

umanko Casaxebis mamaTa savaneSi” (3,247).

zafxulis (zafxuli saRmrTo saxelia) wasvlasTan erTad modis foTolcvenis

mauwyebeli noemberi, sasaxlis Camqrali WaRebi, “Savi Tovli” da unugeSoba: “am

maiss, am ivniss, am ivliss gadireks noembris baRebi, mxurvale vnebebi gamivlis,

sasaxlis Caqreba WaRebi... vewvevi gandegil mamaTa umanko Casaxvis savanes, iq Savi

TovliviT damaTovs Wvartli da burusi Tavanis, jvars ecvi, Tu ginda, saSveli ar

aris, ar aris, ar aris”.

sasaxle, sanTeli saRmrTo saxelebia (14,121).

leqsSi gauqmebuli taZris Wvartli da burusi “Sav TovlTan” asocirdeba da

ase xdeba miniSneba uRmerTobaze, rasac saSemodgomo baRebis dauZlureba,

urwmunoebis tragedia mohyolia.

zafxulis wasvlas, Semodgomas mosdevs baRSi, mdeloSi gaZarcul xeTa

foTlebis kvdoma, neSos dagroveba (mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi) (3,256).

poetis sevdas amZafrebs tkivilebiani baRi, rac kacuri bunebis gatialebas

gamouwvevia: “farul tkivilebiT baRi daburuli, aseT gradaciiT midis

frTazviadi. Rame _ martoobis mtevniT daxuruli, farda idumali, sarke _

iSviaTi” (farul tkivilebiT).

galaktionis leqsebSi xSirad figurirebs “ucxo, ucxoeTi” (radgan ar maqvs

samSoblo, radgan ar myavs aravin, isev ucxoeTisken mimafrenen navebi) (mzadeba

gasamgzavreblad) (5,162), iZulebiTi kavSiri ucxosTan: “Rame ucxoeTSi unda meTia,

roca aziidan modis ganaTeba, aTas saukunis mTeli tragedia mosdevs mogonebas,

rogorc anaTema” (3,181).

aziis, aRmosavleTis gansakuTrebulobis warmoCenas (dasavleTis Rirsebebis

SecnobasTan erTad) udidesi adgili ukavia galaktionis poeziaSi.

156

zemoxsenebul leqsSi Jonavs ucxosTan iZulebiTi kavSiris tkivili, ucxosi,

romelic uZvelesi kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi tradiciebis mqone ers zevidan

uyurebs Tavisi mravalricxovnebis gamo.

“ucxoeTis tyves” ezmaneba baRi, jejili, mTis qari, tanjavs yofnis

sizmareuloba: “Sors baRi moCans, moCans jejili, da isev baRi, isev mTis qari, me

vdgavar, rogorc tyve ucxoeTSi, rogorc sizmarSi ucxo sizmari” (mTvare mTas

amoefara) (3,136).

leqsSi “avdris molodini” “qalwuli” (mariam RvTismSobeli) dagvirgvinebulia

“nel lerwmebiT da vazis mtevnebiT” (vazi qristes metaforaa).

aqvea epoqis avbediTi qaris (aTeizmis) SiSi, rwmenis gadarCenis survili da

mebaRis molodini: “am mwife mtevnebs dalewavs qari, mebaRem mosvla Tu ar ineba”.

“mebaRis” molodini qristes molodinia.

arc uflis dedaa pativSi, romelic moazrebulia daWrili Rrublis saxeSi:

“...mTebs, irmebs, Svelebs,xevs da napralebs awuxebT Rrublis mZime Wriloba” (3,197).

mSvenieri baRisa da mebaRis dakargva yvela danakargze ufro didi mwuxarebis

momtania: “mSvenieri maxsovs baRi, mebaRe mas ar Targavs, davkarge da vigrZeni, rom

kargi ram damikargavs” (melanqoliuri mosimRere) (4,38).

leqsSi “SiSi” (4,337) poetma sabWoTa periodis represiebi, urwmunoeba

warmoadgina gamanadgurebeli xoleris saxiT. masSi “xeebi xmebian”, xe RmerTis

simboloa.

“mSobliur efemeraSi” (4,337) gadasxvaferebulia xeebi, zamTrisagan waSlilia

biliki: “veRar vcnobilob mSobliur xeebs, zamTars biliki dautania...”

biliki saRvTo saxelia: “waviyvan brmebs maTTvis ucnobi gzebiT da maTTvis

ucnob bilikze vatareb” (esaia, 42,16) (2,105)

leqsis “zamTari” Crdiloel yinulovan monstrs miemarTeba.

luciferis samSobloSi mwuxarebiT Sepyrobilebs meti arCevani ara aqvT da

uZmobildebian Ramis tye-vels, sadac nazareveli gauCinarebula: “Cven mwuxarebam

dagviZmobila Ramis tye-veli. arasdris CvenTan iq ar yofila nazareveli”

(samSoblo Savi liuciferis) (15,313).

“TovlSi” (4,73) Tu “iisferi Tovli” idumalis xatebaa, ianvris Zmoba, TeTri

tyeebis sicive suls yinavs da martoobas aZlierebs: “TeTri tyeebis mimyveba gundi

da kvlav marto var me Cems winaSe”. aqve TovlSi dacemulia zambaxebi, zambaxebi ki

mariamis simboloa.

leqsSi “alvebi TovlSi” Tovliania alva (alva sicocxlis xis, anu RmerTis

simboloa), aqve Tasi gayinulia (Tasi mariamis simboloa). leqsi uRmerTobis

tragedias afiqsirebs (16,31-40).

“aTovs gamvlelebs da gulciv baRebs, sad unda naxo aq Tavis Tavi”, Civis poeti

leqsSi “ramdenime dRe petrogradSi” da sisxliani revoluciiT gaTelil rwmenas

ukeTebs aqcents (4,255).

nisliani tye da cxovrebis siZnelea asocirebuli leqsSi “srolis xma mTaSi:

“...nisls aTamaSebs Semodgomis tye, cxovreba Zneli” (srolis xma mTaSi) (4,143).

“saSiSari Ramis tye-veli”, “mTebis iara” da RriancelSi mavali gemis saxeebi

iqcevs yuradRebas leqsSi “ra RriacelSi vidoda gemi”: “daRamda, nisli gadekra

Saras, tyes daefara Ramis blondebi, magram gaxedav mTebis iaras da usaTuod

157

mogagondebi. ra RriancelSi vidoda gemi, ra saSiSari iyo tye-veli, yvelgan,

yovelSi marxia Cemi sulis nawili SeumCneveli” (4,250).

gza, Sara saRvTo saxelia (esaia, 42,16). igi nisliania.

mTa mariamis simboloa (danieli, 2,34). mTebis iara uaryofil mariamze miniSnebas

iZleva.

gemi, Zeli rwmenis paradigmaa (netari avgustine) (7,519).

“demoniur sulis ltolviT gadvevle mTebs da tyeebs”, gvacnobs poeti Tavis

daumorCilebel suls (dReTa gardasulTa) (4,119).

baRSi qarisgan atmis yvavilebs gaZarcva, daRameba, mzis Casvla da mwuxri

uRmerTobis tragedias gvacnobs leqsSi “atmis yvavilebi”: “baRis bilikze mivdivar

da Tan gaZrcvnil atamTan zRvebi grovdeba, saRamovdeba da mzis CasvlasTan

TandaTan mwuxri miaxlovdeba” (4,112) (16,99-113).

zamTris, yinvis, Tovlis saSualebiT poeti xSirad yinulovan imperias

axasiaTebs, mis aTeizms ukeTebs aqcents.

“TovlSi” zamTrisagan gadarCenas natrobs, “vardebSi” ki zamTrisgan

TavdaRweulia: “me, zamTrisgan jaWvawyvetili nacnob baRisken mivemarTebi, sad

ferad ucxo, ynosvad keTili, zamTar da zafxul yvavis vardebi” (10,20).

poetisaTvis “uaxloesia” “uuZvelesi baRis surneli” (mwoliare) (3,282).

poetis idealia ara iavarqmnili baRi, rogorc urwmuno sulis paradigma, aramed

maisis, gazafxulis, ocnebiT da siyvaruliT mosili baRebi: “isev maisi mSvenier

baRTa, isev ocneba da siyvaruli” (isev ocneba da siyvaruli) (3,293).

Sadrevnis TanxlebiT warmodgenili baRi naTeli sulis, rwmeniT savse xalxis

alegoriaa, radgan Sadrevani saRvTo saxelia: “...eg sixaruli, eg Rimi, eg baRi, eg

Sadrevnebi...” (gamonaklisi) (3,39).

“afeTqebuli baRebis” sixarulia leqsSi “iRimebian saxlebi”.

“saaxalwlo efemeraSi” (17,101) poets ezmaneba “baRis mZimed aSadrevneba”, anu

baRi auziT, SadrevniT, e.i. morwyuli da ara gamxmari baRi. “aSadrevneba”

neologizmia. leqsSi uxvad aris “feeriuli” saxeebi, “fantazmebi”...

warsulis tradiciebis qmediTi ZaliT, guSindelis inerciiT mainc dRevandeli

baRi Sendeba: “guSindelma gaiara guSina, winandelma guli ver SeuSina, dRevandel

dRes baRi SemouSena: es didi dRe axla mas eubneba _ adamians daemona buneba”

(ganiaxle, ganiaxle!).

leqsis refrenia “ganiaxle!” (15,283).

“baRis SemoSenebasTan” erTad, poets ainteresebda “yvavilT SemoSeneba”.

siyvarulTan wilwayaria mTvarian tyeSi dacvarul gzaze moaruli personaJi

leqsisa “qalaqisken”: “is gamovida Zlier adre, viT siyvaruli, mTvarian tyeze

midioda gza dacvaruli”.

siyvaruli RmerTia (ioane, I, 4,8).

mTvare mariam RvTismSobelis saxelia (9,124).

gza da cvari qristes metaforaa (14,121).

leqsSi RvTisnier bunebis SvilTan gviwevs Sexvedra, romelic qalaqisken

miemarTeba da axal garemoSi gaucxoebaa misi xvedri: “cxeli qalaqis qvafenilma

me ver miSvela, ros uqudo da fexSiSvela mivdiodi da gamwarebiT vimtvrevdi

TiTebs, vin gagigonebs, vin mogxedavs, vin dagamSvidebs”.

da isev dedamiwa, buneba xdeba namdvili deda...

158

poema “mSvidobis wignSi” moyvris niRbiT mosuli qaji emtereboda baRs (xalxs),

mohpara mas mSvidobis wigni (rwmena, RmerTi), magram aTeuli wlis wvalebis Semdeg

tarielma ipova mTavari ganZi (rwmena) da baRs (xalxs) daetyo wignis (RmerTis,

rwmenis) keTilismyofeli gavlena, rac asea gamoxatuli: “...kvlav Zveli Srialebs

baRi da Zveli daRi wignebis azis”.

leqsSi “ucdian axal miqel-anjelos” (10,161) “...siyvaruliT sunTqavs tye-veli,

aRgznebul gulis alersisa” “mze uleveli”.

siyvaruli, mze saRmrTo saxelebia.

“RmerTi siyvarulia” (ioane, I, 4,8).

“mze da faria ufali RmerTi” (fs. 84,12).

poetis bednierebis sazomia vardebiani baRi, anu rwmenis erTguli xalxi: “sanam

ar gadamWknaran baRSi vardTa bardebi, miwav, nu gecodebi, cao, mu gedardebi”

(sanam ar damsxvreulan) (4,385).

galaktions gamudmebiT awamebda zamTari, yinvian-Tovliani zamTris samefo,

sulis mzafravi misi satanisturi ideologia, xolo Tavisuflebis gancdisas

“zamTrisgan jaWvawyvetilia”, nacnob baRSi ki zamTar da zafxul moyvavile

maradiuli vardebi (RmerTi) eguleba. Tu uRmerToba silaSi moqceuli vardis

gancdas badebda, sulieri gasxivosnebis momentSi uwvimari riJraJis vardiviT

mziania: “me zamTrisgan jaWvawyvetili, nacnob baRisken mivemarTebi, sad ferad

ucxo, ynosvad keTili, zamTar da zafxul hyvavis vardebi... roca mziani iyavi ise,

rogorc uwvimar riJraJSi vardi” (vardebi) (4,284-285).

“SerigebaSi” diadi, SemoqmedebiTi yovlisSemZleobiT gamorCeuli suli yvelgan

mzes, Seyvarebul da meocnebe baRs Wvrets, romelic myinvarTan erTad maisis aliT

azambaxebulia: “dRes yvelgan mzea. axla am baRebs da myinvars, maRal zraxvaTa

mefes, maisi aliT aazambaxebs, viT Seyvarebuls da meocnebes” (4,53).

originaluri, mignebuli saxea Seyvarebuli da meocnebe baRi, anu amaRlebulze,

diadze, uzenaesze orientirebuli xalxi.

kidev ufro idumali, enigmebiT savse leqsia “gobeleni” (4,81), romelic savsea

maradiuli zecis xilvebiT: “iqauri ca foTliT qsovili, laJvard TvalTagan

gadasul namiT, moveli, Rames da Sen sulamiT. Cems mkvlel _ miuval Rames

moveli!”

galaktioni qmnis zecis saxis variaciebs: laJvardis Tvali, Tvalebi Sekruli

kamaris...

cvari, nami, romelic laJvardis Tvalidan mowveTavs, mxolod uzenaesis

simbolo SeiZleba iyos.

“viqnebi cvari israelisTvis, ayvavdeba, rogorc SroSani da libaniviT gaidgams

fesvebs” (osia winaswarmetyveli, 12,11).

sulamiTi solomon mefis mistikuri siyvarulia.

“mkvleli da miuvali Ramis” lodini RmerTis lodins gvagonebs.

Semdegi striqonebis “alersTa uxmo veli, nislis wamosasxami, Troba Ramis

RamiT, “uxilav gzebiT” uzenaesis xilvis eqstazi SeiZleba iyos.

gvagondeba moses Sesvla nislSi, roca mas mouwoda ufalma.

“xeebis xelebi” mTvariT da cvariT moCans, baRi ki “mTvralia” (Sdr. fiqriT

Troba, RviniT uRvinod Troba _ Rvino ki uflis saxelia): “tyis pirad, roca

xeebis xelebs daekideba mTvare da cvari, damTvrali baRi gaSlis gobelens...”

159

leqsis lirikuli gmiri mistikur eqstazSia gadasuli, realoba ki sruliad

sapirispiroa, Semodgomis ca damwvaria (Sdr. zecis ngreva, talaxiani da

Worfliani ca, kuboebSi Casvenebuli ca), uCinari Wknobis ali igrZnoba yvelgan,

rac sasikvdilo gancdas iwvevs: “Semodgomis ca ase damwvari, uCinar Wknobis alTa

dareviT, tbas davecemi uxmod, mkvdariviT!” (gobeleni) (3,195).

leqsSi ramdenime aqcentis matarebeli saxea: Rame, miuvali Rame, Ramis Rame,

uxilavi gzebi, iqauri ca, laJvardis Tvalis nami, uCinari Wknobis ali,

...Semodgomis damwvari ca, anu orgvari realobaa danaxuli _ sulismieri da

faqtiuri.

“fardebis SrialSi” (3,195) “Sav idumalebas” “surs moitacos gazafxuli”, magram

“baRi edareba cisfer mogonebas”.

leqsSi “Zala-iaraRi” (15,127) “daukrefeli sicocxlis baRis”, dakarguli edemis

sevdaa, rac evasa da adamis Secodebis Sedegia.

edemis baRi daikarga pirveli adamianebis urCobis gamo, magram poets arasodes

gauwyvetia masTan kavSiri da amitomac ambobs: “...mainc gaTenebamde ar vgrZnob

uedemobas” (brZola RmerTTan) (4,97).

“mSvenieri baRebi” “fiqrebis foniT” figurirebs leqsSi “oqro” (4,393).

“mSvidobis wignSi” “zeciuri baRi” gvxvdeba. “zeciur baRis zedmeti bargi”

uwoda angelozma tariels Tavidan, mere ki misi idumali zraxvebi amoicno da

madloba gadauxada “mSvidobis wignis” povnisTvis.

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi poeziis simboloc aris baRi, sadac “dauleveli

vardebi” xarobs, TviT poeti ki Tavisi SedevrebiT milionebSi xelismrevelia:

“ocnebis mdidar baRSi Sevedi, vardebi damxvda dauleveli, viyav amayi da

uZleveli _ milionebSi xelismreveli” (milionebSi xelismreveli) (15,189).

vardebiani baRi uzenaesi idealia: “sanam ar gadamWknaran baRSi vardTa bardebi,

miwav, nu gecodebi, cao, nu gedardebi” (sanam ar damsxvreulan) (4,385).

ocnebis baRiT daWrili gedis saxeSi gvecnaureba poeti leqsSi “silaJvarde anu

vardi silaSi”: “aha, movedi, gedi, daWrili ocnebis baRiT, Sexede, dastkbi

ymawvilur bedis daRlil xelebiT, wamebul saxiT”...

galaktionis poeziaSi yuradRebas iqcevs vardis suli, gemebis suli, Walebis

suli (modis Walebis suli mcuravi) (4,101).

sicocxlis maradiuloba, movlenaTa monacvleoba tyis saxis gamoyenebiT

gaiazreba: “tyes arasodes sicocxle ar gamoecleba grigalis mier mWknar

foTlebis Zirs CamogdebiT” (icocxle kidev as weliwads) (15,254).

“foTlebi drosTvis gvidarebia”, asea gancdili drois swrafwarmavloba

(aivanze) (17,378).

baRis, tyis fonze ganicdeba siyvaruli (auzisagan).

leqsSi “yofila mware dReebi” (15,148) “Suqmiuval dReebs” “edemTa msgavsi”

dReebi enacvleba, gadalekil, waSlil baRebs _ “gamarjvebaTa baRebi”: “yofila

mware dReebi, Suqmiuvali dReebi, gadalekilan, waSlilan am qveynis samoTxeebi,

kvalad mosulan dReebi, edemTa msgavsi dReebi, gamarjvebaTa baRebi, vardebi,

orxideebi”.

“anZebis tye” poetis xilvebiT savse suls gvixatavs: “adevnebuli mTvaris

mazariT anZebis tyeSi landebi qrian” (lurji xomaldi).

yuradRebas iqcevs “tyis weli”, “saukuneTa tye” (poema vefxvisa).

160

ganumeorebeli xedviTi saxea: “erTi Ramisebr tye aris, yru, win gawvdili

nikapiT” (im bilikiT).

tye aris TeTri, yru, tkiviliani, siyvaruliani, bneli...

literatura





5. daujdomeli yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa, sapatriarqos uwyebani, # 12, 3

aprili, 2009.














Tavi VI

Cemi samSoblos sanaxavidan

„mSobliuri efemera“

galaktion tabiZe Cvens poeziaSi damkvidrda uberebeli devizebiT: „samSoblo

upirveles yovlisa!“, „Cemi samSoblos sanaxavidan“, „samSoblo umTavresia“,

„samSoblos winsvla... ai pirveli, ai pirveli, ris siyvarulic me miswavlia!“...

poetis erT-erTi sayvareli epiTetia „mSobliuri“. mis leqsebSi mSobliuria qari,

sio, mSobliuria siCume, xe, nana, mSobliuria miwa, efemera.

161

efemerebi mravalganzomilebiania: gamoiyofa „zRvis efemera, “isev efemera”,

“mSobliuri efemera“. yuradRebas iqcevs „wuxili efemeridis, “Zaxili efemeridis”,

“efemeris fantazma”, “gadarevis efemerebi”, “nugeSmcemi ocneba efemeridis”,

“efemeruli feradi qarebi...“

galaktionis samSoblos Temaze dawerili leqsebi gajerebulia tkiviliT, eWvebiT,

SeurigeblobiT, mowodebiT, gafrTxilebiT, sibrZniT, cremliani rwmeniT da es

bunebrivia. borkilebiani Sexvda Cveni qveyana meoce saukunes. sami wliT

molandebuli Tavisuleba isev xelyo 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals moyvrulad mosulma

mterma da apokalifsuri mxecebis saTareSod iqca qveyana. kavkasiis qedze

mijaWvul amirans ver eRirsa aSveba, ramac ganukurnebeli tkiviliT aavso poetis

suli.

marTebulad SeniSnavs profesori revaz TvaraZe, rom „samSoblo galaktionisaTvis

„Tema“ arasodes yofila (iseve, rogorc vaJa-fSavelasaTvis buneba; xolo

rusTavelisaTvis – siyvaruli). es TviT arseboba iyo, misi piradi sicocxlec da

samyaros yofnac. mas absoluturad hqonda nagznebi... dafaruli Sinagani sawyisebi,

sulieri raoba erisa“ (1, 28).

iavarqmnili rwmenis, damonebuli samSoblos tkivilebi axali ZaliT gacxadda

galaktionis „mSobliur eemeraSi“, romelSic saocari datvirTvis, Rrma

qveteqstebis mqone saxeebia: amiranis kvnesa, darialis zari, dacarielebuli

yvavilTa ca, RrubelSemosili yazbegis Subli, gadasxvaferebuli mSobliuri

xeebi, ucxo zamTrisagan dakarguli biliki, gaZarculi xe...

poetis xilvaSi cocxldeba tragikuli realoba: „veRar vcnobilob mSobliur

xeebs – zamTars biliki dautania... „didi xania? – mivmarTav tyeebs da tye gugunebs:

ddi xania“...

erTi SexedviT SeCveul empiriul samyaroSi, nacnob realobaSi xdeba eris

uarsebiTesi problemebis warmoCena.

Cvenis azriT, gadasxvaferebuli „mSobliuri xeebi“, romlebic veRar icnoba,

Seryeuli rwmenis simboloa. xe (sicocxlisa da cnobadisa) RmerTis simbolod

moiazreba Zvel da axal aRTqmaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi, sasuliero poeziaSi,

klasikosTa naazrevSi.

„ieso qriste cxovrebis momniWebeli xea. Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi,

sasuliero poeziaSi xe cxovrebisa RvTaebis metaforuli saxelia (dab. 2,9, gamocx.

ioanesi, 22,1-2). xe cxovrebisas Sesaxeb saintereso Sexedulebebi gaaCniaT grigol

nosels, ioane damaskels da sxvebs (2, 120-121).

galaktionis leqsis saxecvlili xeebi da masTan misasvleli zamTris mier

Caxergili biliki uaryofil rwmenaze migvaniSnebs. zamTari asocirdeba rusul

bolSevizmTan, romelmac Tavs mogvaxvia marqsizmi, urwmunoeba.

gza da biliki saRmrTo saxelebia.

Zvel aRTqmaSi RmerTs ewodeba „Saragza“, wmida gza“, „ucnobi gza“, „cocxali

gza“, axal aRTqmaSi „gza“ (ioane, 14, 6, 3, 211).

biliki, ucnobi biliki saRmrTo Sinaarsisaa esaias winaswarmetyvelebaSi: „waviyvan

brmebs maTTvis ucnobi gzebiT da maTTvis ucnob bilikebze gavatareb“ (esaia, 42,16,

4, 105).

an: „ase ambobs ufali, zRvaSi gzis mimcemi da bilikisa boboqar wylebSi“ (esaia,

43,16, 4, 106).

162

galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi mravalgzis gvxvdeba simboluri zamTari. SemTxveviTi

rodia, rom alvis xes (sicocxlis xes) Tovli mosavs, Tovliania naZvi (sicocxlis

xe), TeTr Tovlis qveS uCinardeba mTa (mariami), mTa binddeba usazRvro RamiT,

Tasi (mariamis simboloa) yinviania, yinulovania saxli, quCa, qalaqi, gayinulia

qveynis guli, ca, ocneba, mxedari, sulSi „auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji

yinulia“, ianvris TovliT Wkneba sulis iebi, maisSic iyineba nakaduli, Cvens

bediswerad qceula „gulisdamxSobi“, aramSobliuri zamTari, misi „mwuxare

Tovli“, „Savi Tovli“, „saukunis Tovli“ da zvavi emuqreba saqarTvelos arsebobas.

saocari frazaa: „mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvana feradma gemma“.

netari avgustines ganmartebiT, gemi rwmenaa (5, 453).

gamomdinare aqedan, saanalizo striqoni aseTnairad SeiZleba gaiSifros: erTnairma

rwmenam, anu qristianobam migviyvana “mwuxare Tovlis” – Crdiloeli mezoblis

samefosTan.

ara qarTuli „gazafxulismagvari Tovlis“, aramed „Savi Tovlis“ SiSiT daizafra

eri. ucxouri zamTris qaric wiTelia, sisxlis, aRsasrulis, sikvdilis mociquli.

poetis sulSi ki „iisferi Tovlis, qalwuli Tovlis“ silamaze iyo da „mrgebeli

qaris“, mSobliuri qaris siyvaruli.

„karga xania“ am rusuli zamTris, „sicivis mZevali“ iyo Cveni qveyana, rogorc

moswrebulad aris naTqvami „mSvidobis wignSi“. „mSobliur efemeraSi“ tyec

amowmebs am azrs da gugunebs: „didi xania!“

mijaWvuli amirani damonebuli samSoblos simbolod gaiazreba akaki wereTlis

„Tornike erisTavSi“. „kavkasiis maRal qedze mijaWvuli amirani aris mTeli

saqarTvelo da mtrebi ki yvav-yorani“. amiranis aSvebiT gamoxatavs akaki wereTeli

saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis rwmenas: „mova dro da Tavs aiSvebs, im jaWvs

gaswyvets gmirTa gmiri“ (6, 221).

galaktionic saqarTvelos simbolod warmosaxavs amirans.

poeti saqarTvelos, xalxis genias amgvarad exmaureboda: „Sexavsebia kldeebi

kldeebs, iq viRac kenesis didi xania. „amirania? – mivmarTav tyveebs, da tye

gugunebs amirania!“

„galaktioni Tavad iyo qarTuli poeziis amirani, misi Zalisa da energiis

gamarTleba“( 7, 594).

amiranis kvnesa da saerTod, mravlismTqmeli kvnesa Tan dahyolia gangebiT Cveni

eris arsebobas. ilia WavWavaZesac xom „qarTlis ZilSi” kvnesa esmoda („elegia“).

arc galaktions asvenebs es „mZafri kvnesa“ da kiTxva „dakargulia?“ TiTqos tyeTa

gugunic umowmebs eWvebs: „es mZafri kvnesa miwamlavs dReeebs, is guli isev Cemi

gulia... „dakargulia?“ – mivmarTav tyeebs da tye gugunebs: „dakargulia“...

„mSobliuri efemera“ dawerilia 1923 wels, roca ukve aSkara gaxda qveynisTvis

axali borkilis dadeba, gazafxulis gaqroba (anu rwmenis dakargva, - gazafxuli

da zafxuli saRmrTo saxelebia,) zamTris gabatoneba. es tragedia mijaWvuli

amiranis saxiT SeiZleboda yvelaze STambeWdavad gamoxatuliyo.mravlismTqmelia

mzis dabindebamde Casvla: „mze Cava, jer ki Sorsaa bindi“... mze qristianuli

RmerTis simboloa Zveli aRTqmidan dawyebuli: mivmarToT fsalumuns: „mzea da

faria ufali RmerTi“ (fs. 84, 13).

mzis Casvla, mzis gardacvaleba, mzis Caqroba qristianuli RmerTis uaryofas

moaswavebs galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi.

163

yazbegi – erovnulobis, sidiadis, simaRlis, siamayis, miuwvdomilobis simbolo –

RrubliT Semosa moyvrad mosulma mterma, yvavilTa cis kalaTebi daacariela, anu

rwmena Caukla am edemismagvari mxaris mkvidrs, darialis zariT Sezara eri:

„yazbegis Subli Semoses RrubliT da ca alubliT savsea... kmara.yvavilTa cidan

kalaTebs clidnen, darialidan zaravda zara“...

mignebuli, Rrma qveteqstebis Semcveli frazaa: „yazbegis Subli Semoses

RrubliT“.

bibliaSi Rrublis svetiT ifaravs RmerTi ebraelebs egviptelTagan: „win miuZRoda

maT ufali, dRisiT Rrublis svetSi gzis saCveneblad, RamiT cecxlis svetSi gzis

gasanaTeblad, raTa evloT dRiTa da RamiT“.

„ar mihfarebia xalxis Tvals dRisiT Rrublis sveti da RamiT cecxlis sveti“

(gamosvla 113, 21, 22).

xalxis uzneobiT ganrisxebuli uzenaesi RrubliTa da risxviT ibureba: „risxviT

moibure da gvdevni“, „RrubliT moibure da airide Cveni locvebi“ (godeba

ieremiasi, 1, 43, 44).

RmerTi codvil israelebs sjis imiT, rom mzes RrubliT mosavs: „mzes RrubliT

Sevmosav da mTvare aRar gaanaTebs Tavisi naTeliT“ (ezekiel winaswarmetyveli, 32,

7).

simboluri saxeebi Rrublisa da nislisa gvxvdeba homerosis „odiseasa“ da

„iliadaSi“.

lesingi aRniSnavs, rom „homerosma daamuSava arsisa da moqmedebis orgvari

saxeoba: xiluli da uxilavi... poetisaTvis nisli, Rrubeli, Rame... poeturi xerxia...

ieroglifi, simboluri niSania, rac cvlis gamoTqmas „uCinari“, „gauCinareba“... da

damkvirvebels eubneba: „unda warmoidginoT, rom uCinaria. homerosTan gmiris

winaswar nislSi gaxveva im mizniT ki ar xdeba, rom irgvliv myofma adamianebma

gmiris nacvlad nisli dainaxon, aramed imisTvis, rom mnaxvelma igrZnos, kaci

gauCinardao. raki nisliT daibura, is ukve uxilavia“.

„homerisiseuli nislebi... gaqrobis, gauCinarebis niSania da lesingi ukiJinebs

mxatvrebs poeziisa da mxatvrobis sazRvrebis moSlas, SeniSnavs, rom isini

homerosiseul nislebs yovelTvis da arasaWiro SemTxvevaSi iyeneben“ (8, 92, 94, 96).

pomerosis „iliadaSi“ tidevsis pirmSos „RmerTi icavs, mxrebze nisli daufenia,

mofrenil isars meyseulad aSorebs xolme.

poseidonma „pelevsis Zis Tvalwin mohfina mrume wyvdiadi“, aseve, imwams gafanta

TvalTa winaSe RmerTma Rrubeli jadosnuri, apolonma ki „gmiri Sebura yomrali

RrubliT“(9, 84, 393, 394).

„odeseaSi“ telemaqe da odisevsi aTinam nisliT Sebura da ugrZneulod gaiyvana

qalaqidan“ (10, 440).

vaJa-fSavelas poema „ialbuzSi“ nisli sxvaTa Rirsebis miCqmalvis,

ugulebelyofis, CrdilSi moqcevis saSualebaa. patara, Surian mTebs aRizianebT

ialbuzis ganTqmuli saxeli da raki am goliaTis daSla-dangreva ar SeuZliaT,

gadawyveten, uCinaryon igi Rrubel-nislebiT. mTeli weli ar Canda ialbuzi, magram

mere RmerTis brZanebiT damarcxda eSmaki da mTebs angelozi daepatrona (11, 371).

galaktions gansakuTrebiT izidavda es xerxi. mis saxeebs xan risxvis wamosasxami,

xan ki Rrublisa da “mTvaris wamosasxami”, an “mTvaris mazara“ hburavT anZebis

tyeSi (anZa ki sulis ZvelberZnuli simboloa). misi poeziis lirikuli personaJi,

164

mziTSemosili, sixarulSemosili, sxva mziT mosili, SuqiT Semosili,

zegardmonaTliT mosili gvecxadeba.

„mSobliur efemeraSi“ Cvenma “ufrosma Zmam“, „mterma meorem“ yazbegis anu eris

sidiades Rrubeli aafara misi damcirebis, ugulebelyofis mizniT, daacariela

„yvavilTa ca“, rusulma bolSevizmma dagvaTmobina RmerTi, daxoca morwmuneni,

radgan igi gveleSapis mier xeldasmuli mxecebis programiT moqmedebda da

satanis, antiqristes meufebas moaswavebda.

sagulisxmo frazaa: „yvavilTa cidan kalaTebs clidnen“.

yvavili saRmrTo saxelia: „yvavili, yvavili abraamisa, yvavili gulisa, yvavili

saRmrToi, yvavili cxovrebisa macxovris simboloa“ (12, 105-106).

gansacdelis Jams „Zvirfasi landebis“ movlineba ipyrobs yuradRebas (albaT ilia

da akaki igulisxmebian, TergdaleulTa beladebi): „sul erTi wamiT gansacdel

Jamad Sexvedra Cumi me Senad mergo. mogonebebiT, rac Cems guls anTebs, im

Zvirfas landebs gadaec, Tergo!...“

finalSi amiranis kvnesa ufro amZafrebs TavisuflebawarTmeuli samSoblos

tkivils.

leqsis da, saerTod, galaktionis poeziis reziumed gaiJRerebs gadasxvaferebuli

mSobliuri xeebis sevda, zamTrisagan waSlili biliki, mijaWvuli amiranis kvnesa,

mzis naadrevi Casvla, RrubliT SublSemosili yazbegi, dacarielebuli yvavilTa

ca, darialis zari, aq yovel sityvas fiqris lodebi hkidia, Casuli mzis fonze

sxivis natamalic ar ilandeba, magram poeti TviT aCerebs am avbediT xilvas, roca

SesZaxebs: „kmara!“

simboluri zamTriT, Rrubliani yazbegiT, amiranis kvnesiT, darialis zariT

migvaniSna galaktionma Cvens erovnul da sarwmunoebriv tkivilebze.

TavisuflebawarTmeul, saxelmwifoebriobawagvril qarTvels RmerTis rwmenasac

ukargavdnen, misi mziuri suli Crdilouri TovliTa da yinviT unda gaeToSaT,

raTa daemsgavsebinaT da ufro kargad daemonebinaT.

RalatiT, yinviT gamwarebuli poeti uzenaess evedreboda: „daadne sxivi, sulo

ciuro, sicivisagan gayinul gulze“.

momavlis rwmenis ZaliT, mainc droebiT movlenad aRiqvamda poetis saukunis

Tovls: „saukuneTa Tovlio iTovle, mainc dadneba eg naTovlari“ („warwera

xovles ornamentze“).

aseve sulis TvaliT Wvretda poeti apokalifsuri mxecebis damarcxebas da

aRmosavleTis ciskars: „gardava bneli saukunis mRvrie nadiri, aRmosavleTi

moirTveba ciskris alubliT“ (maxajiri).

galaktion tabiZem TavisuflebawarTmeul, ucxoeTis mier damonebul qveyanaSi

icxovra da, bunebrivia, mis lirikas bolomde gasdevs damoukidebeli samSoblos

nostalgia. 1914 wels werda: “gTxov, damobrune Cemi samSoblo, sadac malxenda

ocneba yrmobis, sadac ar vgrZnobdi, Tu ras niSnavda: fiqri sircxvilis, fiqri

monobis” (samSobloSi) (13,116).

1914 wliT TariRdeba “mTvare mTas amoefara”, romelSic afiqsirebs, rom

ucxoeTis tyvea da misi cxovreba sizmars aris damsgavsebuli: “...me vdgavar,

rogorc tyve ucxoeTSi, rogorc sizmarSi ucxo sizmari” (13,136).

165

Rrma ZilSi STanTqmul, uzrunvel, damoukideblobadakargul samSobloSi

monobas siZulvils, ucxoeTSi xsnis Ziebis umarTebulobis azrs unergavs

mSobliuri niavis xma, Tergis zvirTebi (“darialisa viwro kldeebSi”) (13,46-47).

mevaxSis xelSi Cavrdnili, gayiduli sasaxlisa, Walebisa da acelili saTibis

Rrmaazrovani saxeebiT gvamcnobs poeti erovnul tragedias, leqsSi arc

CrdiloeTis xsenebaa SemTxveviTi: “...mevaxSis xelSi var, damedo valebi, oh, unda

gavyido mamuli Walebi! ra gzaa, me mikvirs, rom dRemde gavZeli... sasaxlec

gavyide, saTibic avcele!” (TibaTve gavida) (13,114) afiqsirebs poeti 1916 wels.

leqsSi “Savi zRvis pirad” yoveli namdvili qarTvelis satkivris gacxadebaa,

radgan Cveni samoTxisdari qveyana sxvis mamulSi iyo “CaSenebuli”: “tropikul

xeebs, Savi zRvis pirad, vazebs daxlarTuls, rom mivyvebodi zurmuxtisfer

fiqrebSi garTuls, Camaval mzeSi mas mxolod sxvisi erqva mamuli” (14,114). leqsis

TariRia 1928 weli.

1937 wels isev monobis simware, urwmunoeba, umamuloba akvnesebda: “ar megona,

ar megona, ar megona, gulo, Tu sicocxlis mokvdeboda kona _ ar megona,

sicocxleo, ara, ar megona!” (“ar megona”) (14,374).

literatura:

1. revaz TvaraZe, „galaktioni“, Tbilisi, 1972.

2. tite mosia, „saRvTo saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1995.



5. netari avgustine, „aRsareba“, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendaei, Tb. 1985.

6. akaki wereTeli, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. 2, Tb. 1991.

7. simon Ciqovani, “qarTuli poeziis amirani“, wignSi galaktionis rCeuli, Tb.

1989.

8. lesingi, „laokooni anu mxatvrobisa da poeziis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb“, Tb.

1986.

9. homerosi, „iliada“, ZvelberZnulidan Targmani r. miminoSvilis, Tb. 1990w.

10. homerosi, „odisea“, Targmani z. kiknaZis da T. Cxenkelis, Tb. 1975.

11. vaJa-fSavela, xuTtomeuli, t. 3, Tb. 1966.

12. tite mosia, „saRvTo saxismetyveleba“, zugdidi, 1996.

avdris, uamindobis, zamTris, Tovlis saxeTa qveteqstebiT samSoblos

bedisa Tu ubedobis gacxadeba. avdrisa da zamTris religiur–politikuri

qveteqstebi

166

galaktion tabiZem zamTris, avdris, uamindobis, Tovlis, yinvis saxeebSi

Caaqsova religiuri, politikuri, socialuri, erovnuli, filosofiuri

Tvalsazrisi, am saxeTa gamoyenebiT Seqmna ganumeorebeli mxatvruli saxeebi,

Zalauneburad gaejibra „Tovlis niRabis“ avtors, romelic, miuxedavad germanuli

warmoSobisa, rusuli cnobierebis iyo. momavali albaT gascems srulyofil

pasuxs, am SemTxveviT Semdgar SejibrSi vin vis gadaameta.

cnobilia, rom al. blokma gagvanebivra Tovlis da yinvis gamoyenebiT Seqmnili

metaforebiT: Tovlis embazSi monaTvla, qarbuqis qvebi yinulis beltis Sublze

nalesi, Tovliani qaris Semoxveva, Tovlis Rvino, Tovlis morevi Tovliani mxaris

gemi, Tovlis namqeriani gza, TovlSi Cakirul sulis Zaxili, unapiro Tovlze

gadafrena, Tovlian sevdiT mkvnesari lira, Tovlis frinvelis fardebia, Tovlis

vercxlisferi gzebi, Soreuli yinvis napralebi, TeTri sikvdilis veliT gayinuli

guli, guli, qarbuqs gadacemuli, ukanaskneli ekliT TovlSi SemonaTeba,

Tovliani neSti, Tovliani mxaris gemi, Tovlis sanTeli, cecxlmodebuli Tovlis

eklebi (1, 28,29,30,34,35,36).

amjerad Cven gvainteresebs Canafiqri saxeebisa: Tovliani mxaris jadoqari

sicive, siavis grZnobiT Sefifquli quCa, ucnobis skripkis tirili uamindobaze,

zamTrebis mwuxareba, zamTris yinva–qarbuqSi cxovreba, TviTmpyrobelobis susxi,

gulisdamxSobi zamTari, Zveli TovliT da yinviT Semosili miuRweveli mwvane

napirebi, ianvris TovliT damWknari sulis iebi, mwuxare Tovli, Tovliani tyeebi,

Tovliani alva, mwuxare, TovlSi feradi gemiT svla, yinvis SiSi Sorevi,

uamindoTa sastiki suli, Tovlis mier silisTvis minebebuli novalisis yvavili,

Tovliani mindvrebis sasaflao, Tovliani mindvrebis TeTri kubo, Tovlis mxare,

nisliani mTa–bari, siSaveSi gayinuli ocneba, ivlisisferi yinvis Tasebi, maisis

yinva, gayinuli mTa, Savi Tovli, zamTris sikvdili, usazRvro Rame da yinva,

qariSxlis fifqi, zamTris susxi mokluli sxivi, TovlSi Cafluli unugeSod

STenili gayinuli foToli, Tovlis fer–umarili, fifqiT mtroba, bneli Tova,

samSoblod saxeldebuli Tovli, yinviT gadayinuli yvavilebi, yinvaTa mfeni

Tvalebi. gviani zamTari, zamTriT daCagruli guli, zamTrisagan ganSorebis

natvra, zamTrebis mwuxareba, yinviT dabindebuli Tvali, daTovlili xidebi,

daTovlili mwuxareba, uamindobiT Sewyvetili simebis sicili, elvare TovlSi

mavali marxili, zamTris dReebi da TareSi sulis borotis, didi sicive, kosmiuri

sicive, avdriT gadaxrili quCa, yinvis ganguleba, avdriT gadaxrili quCa, zamTari

Zneli, gulisdamxSobi zamTari, warmavali Tovli, Tovlis fanteliviT gardasuli

siave, saimqveynio da saamsoflo siosTan dapirispirebuli zamTari, Tovlis

ukanaskneli samsala, arawminda Tovli, uamur zamTris gulgasagmiri saxli, zvavis

zriali, TovlTa msgavsad dReTa svla, nazavTari bedis avdari, dReebis TovliT

gadabaReba, gayinuli ocneba, sizmariviT mdevari zamTari, guli–yinuli, TeTrad

spetaki da marad Savi, suli–aRsavse susxiT, daTovlili xidebi, daTovlili

zmanebebi da mwuxareba, yinvamosxmuli gundi laSqarTa, ganaTebuli sicivis

brwyinva, siSaveSi gayinuli ca, gamwarebuli sulis sicxele da yinvis amao

gangulebis glova, mwuxare TovlSi feradi gemiT svla, zamTris dReebis mosvla

egzersisebad, gulisdamxSobi zamTari, maisis dReebis yinva, agvistos Tovli,

avdars moyolili avdari, daTovlili gamvlelebi da gulcivi baRebi, gulSi

auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji yinuli, TeTr Tovlis qveS sizmrebSi

167

gauCinarebuli mTis grexili, Tovlis fifqiT Semosili naZvi da mRelvare

gazafxulze gayinuli nakaduli, yru baiaTis fifqiT mtroba, zamTari, sicive da

sikvdili, TeTri Tovlis TeTri sudara, Tovli–samSoblo, Tova da gulis wuxili,

TeTri avdari, elvare TovlSi mavali gemia, wvima da Tovli... mxareebi siberis,

yinulis sasaxle, quCa, qalaqi, koSki, TovliT Troba, iribi, almaceri Tovli, yinva

da Rame, yinva feeriuli, gamwarebuli sulis sicxele da amaod yinvis gangulebis

glova, gadaudebeli Tova, zamTris mier waSlili biliki, bneli Tova, maisis yinva,

sulSi iribi, almaceri Tovli, iTlisisferi yinvis Tasebi, TovlTa msgavsad

dReTa svla, TeTri avdari, TeTri tye. Tbilisis zamTris gazafxulis msgavsi

Tovlis dafiqsireba, madliani qedis Tovli da mTuTqavi mze. siTeTre Tovlis,

sispetake mxareT zemoTa, Tovlis vardebi, Tovlis madona, vardisferi Tovli,

iisferi Tovli, warsulis Tovli ia–zambaxis, qalwul TovlTan binis Zieba,

iisfer Tovlis qalwulebiviT xididan fena, feeriuli yinva.

Tovlis saSualebiT movlenaTa swarfwarmavlobaze aqcentirebaa: „msgavsad

TovlTa midian dReni, .... es raca moxda, damacaa, iyo raRaca Tovli, fanteli... is

dro sad aris? iq, sadac Tovli SarSanwindeli“... (mSvidobis wigni).

idumali xmiT bneli natvris, saSineli avdris damarcxebis azria: „ismen im

sxva xmas... im bneli natvris, saSinel avdris, uamur zamTris gulgasagmirad“

(mSvidobis wigni). da Cndeba survili mudmivi Tovlis sulis siTboTi gadnobisa: „...

vnebis rkalad movedebi mudmiv TovliT Sesadrul mTebs“..

yinulis sasaxlis, yinulis koSkis, yinulis qalaqis, yinulovani garemocvis,

yinulis zRvis dadnobaa cxeli gulis ZaliT leqsSi „SexedeT, miwa!“

Tovlian myinvarze yvelas dasanaxad dawerilia sityva: „... myinvaris TovliT

mosil yinulze oblobis sityva mgzavrma dawera“.

da rwmena avdris damarcxebisa, „sixarulis“ (saRvTo saxelia!) gamoCenisa: „...

rac unda aTovos da quCa avdriT gadaixaros, dRes usaTuod, o, usaTuod, me

sasaxleSi vnaxav sixaruls“...

gvxiblavs Tovliani dRis xareba, iisferi Tovlis qalwulebiviT xididan fenis

fonze: „...amnair dRis xarebam lurji da daRaluli sizmriT damTova“ (Tovli).

mTavara devizi, rac, upirvelesia yoveli geniisTvis: „suli gqondes uspetakes

Tovlisa!“ (poezia upirveles yovlisa).

qaris, Tovlis SiSis daZleva, gamarjvebis utyuari garantiaa: „armoSiSars

qarisa da Tovlisa, yovel Cvengans uryev miznad iqneba mxolod erTi sixarulis

Segneba: poezia upirveles yovlisa“ (poezia upirveles yovlisa).

sayuradReboa qarTuli xasiaTis warmoCena Tovlis saxis gamoyenebiT, xalxuri

intonaciis gaJRerebiT: „araTu Tovlis brwyinvis, ar meSinia mtrisac, vaJkacsa

guli rkinis, abjari Tundac xisa“.

qarTuli fenomeni am striqonebSic xalxuri sidiadiT aris naTelyofili

Tovlis saSualebiT: „ras niSnavs iyo qarTveli? es niSnavs pirvel yovlisa,

mtris geSinodes momxduris, viT SarSandeli Tovlisa“.

poetis genialuri ironia isev xalxuri sisadaviT gaJRerda Tovlis

konteqstSi: „... TovlSi mogiyvans zafxulis yvavils Cemi baxala“...

galaktion tabiZe „bedis amindis“ amocnobas cdilobda da aminds Tu uamindobas

daukavSira filosofiuri, erovunli, religiuri, socialuri, sulieri problemebi

„mSvidobis wignSi“, romelic erovnul–sarwmunoebriv tragediebs exeba, poeti

168

amCnevs „bedis avdars“ da ambobs: „ragvarad naskvavs aq bedis varskvlavs

uamindoba“ (2,55).

„avdris molodinSi“ sulieri avdris sevdaa da uamindoba imiT aris

gamowveuli, rom daviwyebulia warsulis ia–zambaxi (mariamis simboloebia), alva–

mzeTunaxavi da mkrTali saxis (alva qristes saxelia), saTuoa „mebaRis“ mosvla,

mebaRe ki RmerTia. mariami qalwulia, „nel lerwamiT da vazis mtevnebiT“

dagvirgvinebuli, (lerwami da mtevani metaforaa), magram mebaRes Tu gauucxovda

xalxi, yvelafers daRupva daemuqreba (3,197).

„mSobliur efemeriaSi“ „zamTars biliki dautania“ (biliki saRvTo saxelia)

(2,337)

swored zamTari, zamTrebis mwuxareba iZens gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

galaktionis poeziaSi: „...mxolod zamTrebis mwuxarebiT SeifoTlebi“, radgan

sulSi arc yvavilia, arc mze, demonebia igvliv da mxolod mis daviwyebaSia xsna

(yvavili, mze saRvTo saxelebia – Sens siymawviles) (4,173).

„gviani zamTari da qaris tirilia“ elegiuri ganwyobilebis macne „elegiaSi

(4,216).

zamTaria saxis niRabic: „feri mzesa da qars mohyavs gazafxulis sadari, Sen ki

loyas gadagkvroda zamTari“.

„zamTris yinva–qarbuqSi“ mcxovrebs, daviwyebia zafxuli, gaciebia suli, gulic

sicivis samkvidrod qceula: „vcxovrobdi zamTris yinva–qarbuqSi, xsovna ar iyo

CemSi zafxulis da nela–nela miWknobda dReebs, sicive gulis, sicive sulis“ (me

davibade ganTiadisas) (2,131).

zafxuli saRmrTo saxelia. aSkaraa, poeti wuxs uRmerTo cxovrebaze,

wasul zaRxulze, zamTris ZonZebze da wuTisoflis amao didebaze. leqsis

lirikul gmirs RameSi, yinvaSi cxovreba da „Soreuls SiSi“ dahbedebia: „vxedav,

zamTris ZonZebi xeebs Camoekona, me ki, es gazafxuli isev Cemi megona... hyinavs. isev

Ramea, modis SiSi Sorevi, ra amaod ireva wuTisoflis morevi“ (wami wams ezideba)

(4,290).

aq gazafxuli RmerTis, zamTari urwmunoebis simboloa. uamindo qveynis

mkvidrTa sulis sisastikis ganmcdeli poeti ityvis: „sastikia suli uamindoTa,

gana qveynad bevri rame mindoda“ (Semosilni gamWvirvale blondebiT) (4,110).

„yrud, ualersod yinvaTa mfeni Tvalebis“ susxiani Sexedvac dahbedebia.

„nazavTari bedis avdaris win grgvinvis zari wveviT diadis“ mousmenia

(mSvidobis wigni) (2,907).

„mogonebebSi“ xazgasmulia „zamTris gminvis sastiki Zala, mkvleli iara“ (6,36).

poeti afiqsirebs, rom „zamTris susxma sxivi mohkla“ (daxuWuli Tveebi) (3,27).

zamTari urwmunoebaa, sxivi – Ze RmerTis saxeli.

„sizmariviT mdevari zamTaria“ leqsSi „TeTri pelikani“ (4,70).

„mantiiTa da gvirgviniT“ mosulT zamTars moaqvs sicive, sikvdili, kenaris

msxvreva, sisxli, cremli, sxva siyvarulis monatreba, iudasa da kaenis meufeba:

„mantiiT mxrebze, TeTri gvirgviniT elvare gzebiT modis zamTari. midis zamTari,

modis sicive, modis sikvdili... iudas saxe, kaenis landi da Rameebis Savi guguni“

(rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi) (4,38).

leqsi aSkarad religiuri da socialur–politikuri aqcentebis matarebelia.

169

zamTris dReebi gauTenebel Rames emsgavseba, mas rame axali ki ara, boroti sulis

TareSi da kosmiuri sicive mosdevs: „zamTris dReebi modis mware egzersisebad, me

ram axali maTi mosvliT ar meRirseba. modis sicive da TareSi sulis borotis,

didi sicive, kosmiuri sicive modis“ (zamTris dReebi) (7,376).

„gulisdamxSobi zamTari“ da „arawminda Tovlia“ ubedurebis macne poemaSi

„mSvidobis wigni“ (2,260).

„gviani zamTriT“ (elegia,), „zamTris siaviT mTlad daCagruli“ (o, gazafxulo)

poeti natrobs am „gulgamyinveli vaebis“ gacilebas: „rom wavides es zamTari,

sizmariviT mdevari“ (TeTri pulikani) (4,17).

„rogorme zamTars Tu gadavurCi, rogorme qarma Tu mimatova“, naTqvamia leqsSi

„Tovli“, romelSic TovlSi dacemulia zambaxebi, udabnoSi gauCinarebulia

mandili (5,165-174). zambaxi da mandili mariamis simboloebia, udabno urwmunoeba.

„nazavTaria bedi“, „avdriT gadaxrilia“ quCa (mTeli dRe vgrZnobdi) (3,2901).

„sicivis mZevalia“ xalxi „mSvidobis wignSi“ (2,307).

peterburgSi revoluciuri movlenebis mayurebeli poeti avdris uwyvetobas

winaswarmetyvelebda: „me valmoxdili isev veli, rogor mohyveba avdars avdari“

(rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi).

uamindoba, urwmunoeba qnaris simebsac adumebs: „uecrad wyveten simebi sicils

uamindobiT, uamindobiT“ (mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi) (4,138).

„zamTrebis mwuxarebiT“ „SefoTlili“ personaJi galaktionis lirikisa, mainc

darwmunebulia miwiuri ukeTurobebis damarcxebaSi, zamTari ver SesZlebs

„saamsoflo da saimqveynio siosTan“ (RmerTTan) gamklavebias: „zamTaro, ase

gulisdamxSobo, ver SesZleb sio rom gadaswio saamqveynio da saamsoflo“

(mSvidobis wigni) (2,131).

avdris SiSi saerTod daebada meoce saukunes: „ca iRrubleba, modis zamTari, me

damaqvs sevda Cveni planetis“ – werda terenti graneli (8,154).

1921w. 25 Tebervals Cveni samSoblos Tavisuflebis xelyofisa da xelaxali

okupaciis dros damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi daRupuli erTaderTi asulis

daRupviT samudamod dazamTrda didi qarTveli patriotis kote mayaSvilis gulSi

da igi vaebda: „arc sicocxlis, arc sikvdilis aRara maqvs xalisi, Tebervalma

damizamTra samudamod maisi“ (9,41).

politikuri uamindobis miuxedavad, galaktioni arasodes wyvetda kavSirs

uzenaes sawyisebTan: „davirTuli mraval uamindobiT, kidev didxans viqanaveb

kidobniT“ (meocnebe afrebiT).

kidobani mariamis simboloa: „gixaroden, kidobano oqrovanqmnilo suliTa“

(daujdomeli yovladwmindisa RvTismSoblisa) (10,12).

literatura

1. aleqsandr bloki, rCeuli leqsebi da poemebi, Tbilisi, 1995, Targmani

soso siguasi;

2. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 11, Tb. 1973



170

5. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani, Tb. 1977

6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. IV, Tb. 1994

7. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. III, Tb. 1994

8. cisferi siSore, Tb. 1998

9. avTandil nikoleiSvili, XXs. qarTuli mwerloba, quTaisi, 2002.

10. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 3-9 aprili, 2009, М12.

samSoblod saxeldebuli „arawminda Tovlis“ mxare

galaktionis poeziis Tovlis saxeSi socialuri, erovnuli, religiuri,

filosofiuri Canafiqri ikiTxeba.

am saxes, erTi mxriv, poziciur konteqstSi iyenebs poeti, religiuri gagebiT da

misi „Tovlis madona, Tovlis vardebi, lurji fifqi, iisferi Tovli, vardisferi

Tovli mariam RvTismSoblis saxelebia (1,165-174).

„elvis bilikze midis fexebi da mecemian Tovlis vardebi“ (xan ufskrulebi, xar

mwvervalebi (2,271) elvis biliki qristes, Tovlis vardebi mariamis simboloa.

galaktionis leqebSi gvxvdeba arawminda Tovli, Tovlis samsala, Tovlis sudara,

fifqiT mtroba, romlis qveteqstebsac Tovlian–yinulian imperiasTan mivyavarT.

CrdiloeTis qveynis Tovli moiazreba, rogorc sasaflao. TeTri kuboebi:

„fanjridan sCans Tovliani mindvrebi, rogorc sasaflao, rogorc TeTri kuboebi,

rogorc mgloviare ezo, ukaloo da ukuTno“ (jon–ridi) (6,3,23-24).

da poets am TovlSi nagulisxmevi muxanaTobis gamo uCndeba SeuZlebeli survili:

orTiTa orkapiT aniavos, axali niCbiT azidos es msaxvrali Tovli: „aiRe orTiTa

orkapi da aniave es Tovli, axali niCabi azidavs amodena Tovls“... (3,24).

leqsSi „alvebi TovlSi“ (3,47), alva Tovliania, Tasi gayinuli. alva sicocxlis

xea, Tasi mariamis simbolo. leqsSi upirispirdeba „Cveuli sicive“ da „uCvevi

naTeli“(ix. dawvrilebiT (1,31,40).

daTovlili xidebis, zmanebebisa da mwuxarebis fonze (xidi mariamis saxelia)

poets evlineba zeciuri deda, „RvTismSoblis cqera savse qarTuli patiosnebiT“

(Tbilisi), (4,183).

leqsSi „samSoblo Savi liuciferis“ (4,193) mSobliur mxareSi erTdroulad

ixilveba wvima, Tovli, sibere, sisxli, msxverpli, cxedrebi, „sasikvdilo

gadaTeTrebiT“ cnobili gza da poeti askvnis: „Cven mwuxarebam dagviZmobila Ramis

tye–veli, arasdros CvenTan iq ar yofila nazareveli“.

CvenTan daZmobilebuli, nazarevelis gareSe arsebuli „Ramis tye–velis

qveteqstebSi moyvris niRbiT mosuli mtris, mkvlelis saxe Seicnoba.

galaktioni ganasxvavebda saqarTvelos gazafxulis msgavs Tovls Crdilouri

Tovlisgan: „mTawmindidan gaRmiT vxedav Tovlis livlivs, ...gazafxulis msgavsi

Tovli modis zamTris“hSvenis melxioris tfilis Tovlis tvirTi (4,533).

171

„mRvrie qarSi“ Tovlis mxares, mis „jadoqar sicives“ SeigrZnobda: „Tovlis mxare,

nisliani mTa da bari. movimxari misi gzebi, sicive da mRvrie dari. suli Zlier

afeTqebis da sicive jadoqari“ (2,17).

poetis bediswerad qceula TeTri sudaris magvari Tovli: „da sicivem TeTri

Tovli TeTr sudarad daTova“ (sasikvdilo mwuxareba) (2,305).

gazafxulismagvari Tovlisa da mzis samefoSi poeti „iisferi havis. ultraiisferi

sxivis Zalas SeigrZnobda: „ager madliani qedi, sad Tovlia da mzec TuTqavs,

brwyinvaleba pirispiri iisferi haviT sunTqavs, sxivic ultraiisferi vera Zalas

ver STaunTqavs (Sexvedra mTaSi) (5,440).

galaktions awamebda „uamindoTa sastiki suli“ (Semosilno gamWvirvale,

blondebiT) suli, aRsavse susxiT (918) TviTmyrobelobis saSineli susxi (guli

rkinada qceuli) (6,163).

aranaklebi kodirebuli saxeebis Semcvelia da CvenTan „daZmobilebuli“ mtris

mxlebiT gamoirCeva „ofarti“ (4,144), romelSic elvare Tovlis marxili da TeTri

avdari mignebuli miniSnebaa Cveni ubedurebis reJisorze: „elvare TovlSi mihqris

marxili, rom moixvios TeTri avdari, am sivrceebSi myavs damarxuli zamTari civi

da nazavTari“.

misi „elami mze“, „gayinuli mxedari“ da siCume, avbediTi nakvalevi da ZaladobiT

samSoblod aRiarebuli Tovliani imperiaa satkivris mizezi: „ra siCumea. rogor

aCnia gzebs nakvalevi arsaamsoflo, rom sxva samSoblo ar gamaCnia... rom es

Tovlia Cemi samSoblo“.

marTlac, sakuTaris daviwyebas da Tavisi Tovlian–yinuliani monstris samSoblod

aRiarebas iTxovda Cvengan „gaiZvera moyvare“.

„dominoSi“ (2,203) „Tovlis fer–umarili“ da „fifqiT mtroba“ migvaniSnebs mtris

avbediT zraxvas.

leqsSi „guli grZnobs“ (3,322) saocari kodirebuli saxiT migvaniSnebs poeti Cveni

mZime xvedris mizezebze. amjerad Sexvedra gviwevs „mwuxare TovlTan“, misken

svlis mizezi ki „feradi gemi“ yofila:„...mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvanaa feradma gemma,

winaT angelozs – dedamiwas vucqeri jalaTs. o, Surs iZiebs rosme bohema. guli

grZnobs Ralats“

„mwuxare Tovli“ isev ubedurebis momtani imperiaa, gemi, feradi gemi–igive Zeli,

jvari, rwmena...

naTelia, rom erTmorwmuneobis gamo momxdara Tovlis samefosTan daaxloeba,

magram mfarvel angelozad movlenili qveyana jalaTad qceula, RalatiT yofila

daRdasmuli es urTierToba.

„mSvidobis wignSi“ alegoriulad mxilebulia satanuri imperia, „meore mteri“,

romlisganac „saSineli avdari“, „uamuri zamTari“, „ngreva–xocva“ gvergo.

muxanaTi mezoblis TovliT da yinviT gaToSil gulSi bevri miuRweveli napiria

TovliT da yinviT Semosili: „da miuRwevel mwvane napirebs Semosavs Zveli

TovliT da yinviT“ (TovliT da yinviT) (3,50).

gulSi bevria „auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji yinuli“ (Cems gulSi dahqris).

es avbediTi, „almaceri“ (aramSobliuri) Tovli sulSi ara _ sicives: „Tovli iyo

iribi, almaceri. dikensis gmiriviT cecxlTan Cafiqreba. elvarebs Rumeli.

vfiqrob, sacaa cecxlic Camoqreba. gaiRo fanjara: Tovli iyo iribi, almaceri.

172

ifanteba TeTri fiqrebi. iferfleba xelnaweri... nu Camiqrebi da iqac, SigniT,

sulSi... Tovli iyo iribi, almaceri“ (Tovli iyo iribi, almaceri“ (4,3267).

1921 w. 25 Tebervali bolSevikuri, aTeisturi imperiis mier saqarTvelos xelaxal

okupacias moaswavebda da amasTan religiuri rwmenis uaryofasac.

amis Sesaxeb metaforulad ambobs poeti: „iyo irgvliv zianeba da yornebis

Cxavili. Tovlma silas mianeba novalisis yvavili“ (aRar aris menestreli (3,186).

silaSi moqceuli vardi unayofobis, urwmunoebis simboloa sxvaganac (ix. Cveni

„silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi“) (1, 156-165).

„ianvris moZmed“ („Tovli“) aranebayoflobiT qceuli poeti sxvagan ianvris

Tovlisgan sulis iebis Wknobas afiqsirebs: „ianvris Tovli, ianvris TovlSi

aWknobs Cems sulSi naadrev iebs“. aqve saubaria „dafarul codvebze, damalul

Ralatze“ „SiSveli yvaviliT“ gamowveul wuxilze (samreklo udabnoSi) (3,40)

ia mariamis, yvavili qristes simboloa.

maradiuli TovliT, Ralati cnobili monstri saxeldebulia, rogorc ianvris

Tovli“.wuxilis mizezia „TovlSi Cafluli unugeSod STenili“ „gayinuli

foToli“ (qariT datirebuli) (2,355): Semdeg Tovli movida da viT suls motivtive,

SevaCvie sicive Cemi sulis sicives“, ambobs poeti, magram sinamdvileSi swored rom

es SeuCvevlobaa misi tragediis mizezi.

TovliviT TeTr saxeSi „irisisfer“ suls Wvretda ucdomeli mzera: „saxes

siTeTre Tovlis dahyroda, suls– burusebi irisisferi“ ( 918) (3,173).

„elegiaSi“ wuxilis mizezia „gazafxulis mzian Crdils“ Senacvlebuli

gadauRebeli Tovli, (2,86).

TeTr Tovlis qveS sizmareTSi gauCinarebuli mTa (mTa mariamis simboloa),

gazafxulze gayinuli nakaduli (saRmrTo saxelia),Tovlis fifqiT Semosuli naZvi

(sicocxlis xe saRmrTo saxelia) avlens rwmenis gaqrobas leqsSi „TeTr Tovlis

qveS“: „TeTr Tovlis qveS sizmrebs wahyva mTis grexili uxmo, Sori da mRelvare

gazafxulze fiqrs mieca vel–mindori. Tovlis fifqiT Seimosa naZvi

totebdaxlarTuli da mRelvare gazafxulze gaiyina nakaduli“ (TeTr Tovlis

qveS) (2,6).

leqsSi „Semodgoma umanko Casxebis mamaTa savaneSi“ (2,247) gvauwyebs, rom Camqralia

sasaxlis Walebi, zafxuls Wknoba Separvia, gandegil mamaTa gauqmebul savaneSi

„Savi ToliviT“ Tovs „Wvartli da burusi Tavanis“ da poets udabnos qarebis

qrolvaSi Caesmis aTeisturi epoqis ganaCeni, morwmuneTaTvis gamotanili: „jvars

ecvi Tu ginda, saSveli ar aris, ar aris, ar aris“.

udabnos qarebis batonobisas isev uzenaesi axsovs leqsis lirikul gmirs da

samreklos zarebi angreven, poetis RaRadisi macxovars miemarTeba, poetisa,

romelic gazelebis ostatad iqca, gazelebi ki religiuri leqsebia.

„Savi Tovli“ urwmunoebaze, gauqmebul eklesiaze miniSnebaa mignebuli saxiT.

gansakuTrebiT Warbad gamoiyena potma Tovlis da zvavis saxe poemaSi „mSvidobis

wigni“.

maxis dagebis, Ralatis, SeTqmulebis ostatad cnobilma mezobelma imperiam (mas

poemaSi qajeTi hqvia) Cvens qveyanas „mSvidobis wigni“ (RmerTis simboloa) mohpara,

Tovli, nisli, zvavi mouvlina, bneli Rame gabatona, warRvnismsgavsi stiqiebiT

daemuqra, gaanadgura misi xeebi, am edemismsgavsi qveynis „miwis da zecis“ namcecis

waglejis surviliT jvarze acva, satana daasva Tavze, magram xalxis mcdelobiT,

173

moZiebul iqna wigni (rwmena), napovni iqna „wminda gza“ (RmerTi) da qveyana gadarCa.

poemaSi saubaria „Tovlis samsalaze“, „arawminda Tovlze“, romelic mzis

elvarebiT da RvTis nebiT dadna: „mTebze is Tovli, Seni niSani – warmavalia,

Tumc mravalia–wyalni warvlian, rCeba qviSani... Tovli mzis sxivze dadna an

dneba Tovlo, Sen isev ginda, iqneba, misdio ganvlils? mimRebi davlis, Zala

momavlis ar moiqneba ukanaskneli Seni samsala gviCveno ginda? o, arawminda!

simarTle vin da an ram dasZala? ginda momikla, magram RvarebiT dneba is Tovli

mzis elvarebiT“ (7,132)

zvavs orbebi da svavebi mohyvebian: „faziss daeca zvavi zrialiT, Seirya zeca,

gadmoikeca, faziss daeca svavT ZalTa Zali“.

bolos Tovlis swraf dnobas miamsgavsa poetma Tovliani imperiisgan movlenili

gansacdeli: „msgavsad Tu TovlTa midian dReni, gana bevrs gTxovda samSoblo

Cveni. cota siyvaruls, cota simtkices, rom mis daTesils sxva ara mkides da

hqonoda mas, raic misia, wignia, xmali Tu saxnisia“.

imedianobis safuZveli borotebis swrafwarmavloba xdeba: „mainc ar Caqra Cveni

sanTeli, vambobT: es raca moxda, damaca, iyo raRaca Tovli, fanteli“ (7,351).

„ubinao bavSvebSi“ (8,215) „dReebi TovliT gadibaReba“.

dRe saRvTo saxelia, baRi xalxis paradogmaa, dReebis TovliT gadabaReba RvTis

xalxis gaukuRmarTebas unda niSnavdes.

miuxedavad Tovlisa da „avdriT“ gadaxrili quCisa, poeti sasaxleSi mainc

„sixaruls“ (sixaruli qristes saxelia) moeloda (mTeli dRe vgrZnobdi) (3,290)

galaktionis mizani iyo mudmiv TovliT Semosil mTebze titanuri Zalis, siTbos

Setana: „male mTebs da velebs titaniviT moevlebi, vnebis rkalad movedebi mudmiv

TovliT Sesulrul mTebs“ (avrora) (3,75).

„Tovliani alva“ uaryofili sicocxlis xe anu Rmeria (31-40).

„elvis bilikze“ (elva saRmro saxelia) mavali poeti eTayvaneboda „Tovlis

vardebs (mariams) (xan ufskrulebi, xan mwvervalebi).

swrafva „qalwuli Tovlisken“, „Rrublebisken“ (Tovli da Rrubeli mariamis

paradigmebia) niSnavda uflis dedis Tayvaniscemas: „frTebi rom mqondes, gavswevdi

im mwvervals sazRvrad dadebuls, iq qalwul TovlTan vpovebdi binas mziT

aferadebuls; me msurs iq davasadguro Cemi ocneba da qnari da vkocno, vkocno

Rrublebis bage alisfer–narnari!“ frTebi rom (mqondes, mzisaken gaveqanebi zRvis

navad, cis kabadonze davwerdi msoflios Sesaxedavad: giyvardeT!“ iqneb yvelasi

Sexvdes am nawers Tvalebi da Seiyvaron, radganac kacni arian da–Zmebi“ (fantazia)

(3,154).

galaktionis ocneba iyo Tovlze uspetakesi suli: „suli gvqondes uspetakes

Tovlisa“ (poezia upirveles yovlisa (3,300).

poetma myinvaris TovliT mosil yinulze da mkiTxvelis gulSi qveynis gasagonad

dawera samaradiso sityva (sityva poetis (3,121).

misi mizani iyo titanuri sulis vnebiT mudmivi TovliT Sesudrul mTebSi

maradiuli siTbos da siyvarulis Setana: „male, male mTebs da velebs titaniviT

movevlebi, vnebis rkalad movedebi mudmiv TovliT Sesudrul mTebs“ (avrora)

(3,75).

174

Tovlis gamoyenebiT naCvenebia erovnuli xasiaTi: „araTu Tovlis brwyinvis, ar

meSinia mtrisac, vaJkacsa–guli rkinis, abjari–Tundac xisa“ (pirvel agvistos

RamiT (8,754).

qarTuli sulisa da mgosnis sulis daxasiaTeba xdeba Tovlis gamoyenebiT

Seqmnili xalxuri fraziT: „ras niSnavs iyo qarTveli? es niSnavs pirvel yovlasa,

mtris geSinodes momxdurs, viT SarSandeli Tovlisa. ras niSnavs iyo mgosani? es

niSnavs, pirvel yovlisa, mtris geSinodes momxduris, viT SarSandeli Tovlisa“.

leqSi „he, mamulo“ (4,438) qarTveli warmoCndeba, rogorc „armoSiSari qarisa da

Tovlisa: „armoSiSars qarisa da Tovlisa yovel Cvengans uryev miznad eqneba,

mxolod SenTvis Tavdadebis Segneba: mamuls guli, upirveles uflisa“. (he,

mamulo) (2,438).

epoqaluri wvimisa da Tovlis miuxedavad, poeti gamudmebiT eZebda RmerTs: „rogor

wvims, rogor Tovs, rogor Tovs, ver gpoveb verasdros, verasdros“ (qari qris)

(3,229).

poetis mzera sikvdilis win mihyrobili iyo Soreuli Tovliani bilikisken:

„mxolod Soreul Tovlian biliks mivapyrob Tvalebs“ (qari, amwevi fardis).

biliki saRmrTo saxelia.

galaktionis vedreba mimarTuli iyo TeTri feris, zeciuri sispetakis

SenarCunebisken“. „... ocnebao, ra amaod didxans gevedre rom Segenaxa erTi feri:

mSvidi siTeTre, siTeTre Tovlis, sispetake mxareT zemoTa, rom mas umanko bavSvis

cremli ar dascemoda“ (ornamenti) (3,514).

poeti afrTxilebda RmerTis mgmobelT, rom zecis spetaki siTeTre ki ara, „bneli

Tova“ da luciferis savane iqneboda maTi xvedri: „ver gaigones Tqveni mxne nana,

ver Seiferes mze konebisa da mogesizmraT isev qveyana, qveyanabneli demonebisa.

mokvdebiT, bneli iqneba Tova, rom Tqveni grZnoba ver Seiferes da samaresTan vinc

krZalviT mova, iqneba landi liuciferis“ (ver gaigones) (3,332).

Rrma azria „TovliviT TeTri qaris“ saxeSi: „TovliviT TeTri beravda qari“

(mogonebebi im dReebis, roca ielva) (6, 36).

ase SifriT naweriT amxila poetma Cveni erovnul–religiuri, saxelmwifoebrivi

tragediebi, ase ganuxrelad emsaxura simarTles, magram iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic

ianvris TveSic „maisis vardni gafurCqvnilis“ xmiT RiRinebdnen da qveynis

satkivarze arc fiqrobdnen: „ianvaria. Tovli hfaravs quCebs da binebs, magram

vinaa, rom jinaze aseT amindis „maisis vardni gafurCqvnilis“ xmiT miRiRinebs?

(9,366).

aseTive ironiulia „yvavis simRera“: „...TovlSi mogiyvans zafxulis yvavils Cemi

baxala“... (yvavis simRera) (4,328).

leqsSi „quCaze (2,1,336) Tovlian qvebze miyrili bavSvebi ocneboben „mkvlelobaze,

sisxlze, cecxlze“.

ori saukune awvimda da aTovda CrdiloeTidan qarTveli kacis suls, magram poeti

imeds ar kargavda, rom gamoidarebda, dadneboda es avbediTi Tovli: „saukuneTa

Tovlo, iTovle, mainc dadneba eg naTelari“ (warwera Tovlis ornamentze) (9,374).

literatura:

175


sakiTxebi, Tb. 2009



4. galaktion tabiZe, Tbzulebani or wignad, wigni I, Tb. 1988


6. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. IV, Tb. 1993

7. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 11 , Tb. 1973


9. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. II, Tb. 1993

10. al. bloki, rCeuli leqsebi da poemebi Tb. 1995, mTargmneli soso sigua.

“auxdenelTa dResaswaulT lurji yinuli”

yinvasac mravalmniSvnelovani gageba aqvs galaktionis poeziaSi da mis socialur,

politikur, erovnul, religiur SexedulebaTa samyaroSi SevyavarT.

leqsSi „me davibade, ganTiadisas“ (1,131) zafxuli rwmenaze migvaniSnebs, „zamTris

yinva – qarbuqi“ aTeistur poziciebze: „vcxovrobdi zamTris yinva–qarbuqSi, xsovna

ar iyo CemSi zafxulis da nela–nela miWknobda dReebs sicive sulis, sicive

gulis“.

„svanis dabrunebaSi“ (2,152) „aRqafebuli–Tovlis msgavsi, yinulebr civi, yviris

nakadi“.

leqsSi „rus poets“ (2, 347) blokis Tvalia „dabindebuli nisliT da yinviT“.

Tovls da yinvas ekisreba gansakuTrebuli funqcia leqsSi „alvebi TovlSi“ (3,47).

masSi alva) sicocxlis xe) Tovliania, Tasi yinviani: „daaTrobs mTvare Tovlian

alvebs ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT!“

alva sicocxlis xea, RmerTis simbolo.

Tasi mariamis paradigmaa.

Tovliani alva da gayinuli Tasi uaryofil qristesa da mariamze migvaniSnebs.

vardebi dacvenilia, Suqi CamoSlili (vardi da Suqi saRvTo saxelebia), Sorsa

„ucnobi Ramis“ (saRvTo saxelia) sakurTxeveli.

gayinulia ocnebebi, TeTri mTa uCveulo naTels ealerseba, irgvliv ki Cveuli

sicivea: „dgas gayinulTa ocnebaT kreba: mTa TeTri, rogorc maRali raSi... da

uCvev naTels ealerseba Cveul sicivis mZinarebaSi“.

mTa mariamis simboloa.

„uCvevi naTeli“ uzenaesia.

„Cveuli sicivis“ da Zilis garemo gaucxoebulia uflisgan (3,-140).

TeTri, yinuliani guli sinamdvileSi marad Sav zraxvebs inaxavs da wminda

qarTul azrs danaSaulad gviTvlis. vin? ra Tqma unda, yinulovani monstris

mesveuri: „o, mepatios, guli yinuli–TeTrad spetaki, marad Savia. wminda qarTuli

da rutinuli azrisTvis igi damnaSavea!“ (918) (3,173).

176

yinuliani gulis patronis „suli aRsavsea susxiT“ da zizRiT“, misi winamZRvaria

Woti, igi cremlis, ubedurebis momtania, „saunjis“ (saRvTo saxelia) gaqrobis da

daRamebis didostati: „maSin saocrad tiroda saxli, Cveni yru, Cveni munji satana,

TiTqos sadRaca gahqra saunje da SeRamebam iTandaTana“ (918) mis saxes „siTeTre

Tovlis“ ayria, suls burusebi irisisferi.“

leqsSi „me marwmunebdnen“ (3,242) ca ar arsebobs, igi siSaveSi gayinulia, urwmuno

epoqaSi ki dausjelad arc uzenaesis siyvarulia SesaZlebeli da arc cxovrebis

gardaqmnis Sansi arsebobs:„me marwmunebdnen: foTlebi gahqra, ca ar arsebobs

mRvrie Tu wminda, raRac uniWo ocnebam dahkra da siSaveSi igi gayinda. me

marwmunebdnen: rom ar iqneba Sen dausjelad giyvardes igi, marwmunebdnen, rom ar

gardiqmneba mkacri dReebis yofa da rigi“.

yinvian zamTarSi amaoa „yinvis ganguleba“, Tovli da sicivea yvelgan, gulSi ki

grigalis yvirilia, wuxilia imis gamo, visi xsenebac akrZalulia: „zamTari Zneli,

yinva ficxeli. gamwvavebuli sulis sicxele, amaod yinvis gangulebas glovs,

gadauReblad Tovs. saxlebi aivso TovliT, quCebi aivso TovliT, SuSabands

cvivian kecebi, sicivisagan dRe ikeceba. mokluli ecema frinveli, me Senze

mawuxebs wuxeli: gulidan grigali yviroda wuxili. Sen ar gaqvs senaki, Sen ar

gaqvs sarTuli, sada xar, vin icis. arc tkbeba haeri, arc cxreba Jini cis, Tavisi

uJino simZafriT garTuli“ (zamTari Zneli) (.3, 328-289).

leqsSi „qariT datirebuli (3,139) –„TovlSi Cafluli, unugeSod STenili, iyineba

foToli, velad Camocvenili“.

gulSic yinulia, mwuxarebis yinuli: „ar gebralebiT? me mqonda guli, exla is

aris, rogorc yinuli... vin icis, iqneb galxves yinuli, Rrma mwuxarebiT

Semorkinuli (werili soflidan) (3,80).

poets aseve awamebs „ganmyinvebel mkvlel TvalTa cqera“ (daRlil wamwamT qveS)

(3,39). „mzeragamyinveli (didedas saTvale, t. 4,311) „yrud ualersod yinvaTa mfeni

Tvalebi) (ibrZodnen Surni (1,182).

1918w. aris dawerili „mogoneba yru Sesaxvevis“ (3,149). romelSic Rame, yinva, kvnesa,

cecxli da sisxlia avbediTi drois maxasiaTebeli: „usazRvro Rame. Rame da yinva,

quCaze midis sisxli Rvaruli“. magram mtarvalTa azriT, „am sisxlSi aris ara

dacinva, aramed siTbo da siyvaruli“...

leqsSi „TiTqo ara aq“. dedamiwa qaosebSi iZireba TiTqos, ismis Wotebis kivili,

ZaRlebis yefa, mere „mSobliuri siCume“ isadgurebs, maRali mTa gayinulia,

dayruebulia Saragzebi da am nangrevebis siCumeSi, qaosebSi dafarul, uCinar

cecxls amCnevs poeti (3,112).

„sicivis mZevalia“ xalxi poemaSi „mSvidobis wigni“, mas „guls uyinavs Savi dRe“

(5,204).

miuRweveli ocnebebi da mwvane napirebi TovliT da yinviT imoseba: – „...da

miuRwevel mwvane napirebs Semosavs Zveli TovliT da yinviT“ (Cems gulSi dahqris).

poets ianvris Tovli hyavda „moZmed“, is uWknobda sulis iebs (Tovli, samreklo

udabnoSi).

magram maisis dReebSic yinvas, mdelos Wknobas, usazRvro saRamos da mTis

dabindebas moelis: „maisis dReebs is moelis, viT zamTris yinvas, TiTqo samudamod

damWknara mlelo, gaaxsendeba raRac mkaecri da aRar sZinavs da imeorebs: gaCumdi

mkvlelo! TiTqo usazRvro saRamoa da mTa binddeba, airevian qenjnis kalTebi.

177

gaxedavs serebs, gafiTrdeba, SeeSindeba da foToliviT akankaldeba. TiTqo

viRacas udarajebs wyvdiadi RamiT da uborotes dReTa xelebiT, wyvdiad dumilis

samoselSi fiqrebis SvaviT ivseba guli saSinelebiT (viT afeTqeba) (3,332).

Tovlis qveS sizmrebs gahyolia Sori mTa, maisSi yinvas, ivlisSi yinvis Tasebs,

mRelvare gazafxulze gayinul nakaduls, gayinul cis laJvards, gayinul qveynis

guls, Tovlian naZvs, yvavilTa gauCinarebas Wvrets poetis ucdomeli mzera:

„TeTr Tovlis qveS sizmrebs wahyva mTis grexili uxmo, Sori da mRelvare

gazaRxulze fiqrs mieca, mindor–veli. Tovlis fifqiT Seimosa naZvi

totebdaxlarTuli da mRelvare gazafxulze gaiyina nakaduli. gaiyina cis

laJvardi, gaiyina qveynis guli da mRelvare gazafxulze tye garindda daburuli.

sad, sad gaqra mSvenierTa yvavilTa da foTolT kreba? – iq, sad mefobs

gazafxulis ocneba da mosizmreba“ (TeTr Tovlis qveS) (1,233).

„feriulia“ galaktionis yinva, sulis, grZnobebis, zraxvebis maxasiaTebeli

(rodesac yvelas sZinavda (8, 178).

„ornamentSi“ (3,514) „yvavilebi gadaiyina“. yvavili saRmrTo saxelia.

„Cven Tan wamogvyva misi yinuli“ (es leqsi) (3,236) ambobs poeti da qveteqstebSia

saZiebeli am frazis adresati iseve, rogorc „almaceri Tovlis“, Tovlad

saxeldebuli samSoblosi.

poetis gulis „brwyinvalebas da elvarebas“ Crdilavs „auxdenelTa dResaswaulT

lurji yinuli“ (Cems gulSi dahqris) (6,801).

poets ar asvenebs maTi okeane, „Sori yinuli“: „me ganvicode okeane, Sori yinuli,

maTi simSvide, maTi vrceli aurzauri“ (maisma isev momitana laJvardi zRvebi“

(3,200).

gardasuli gazafxulis sevda, yinviani Ramis „Sorevi SiSia“ leqsSi „wami wams

ezideba: „hyinavs. isev Ramea. modis SiSi Sorevi. ra amaod ireva wuTisoflis

morevi“ (3,399).

„mogonebebi im dReebis, roca ielva“ (7,36) isev yinvas miiCnevs ubedurebad: „.. o,

Zlivs vuZlebdi gamgmirav yinvas, ar mqonda Zala. zamTris gminvis sastiki Zala...

ise Semikra yinvam kbilebi, mklavda iara“.

aseve awamebs poets „gamyinvebel mkvlel TvalTa cqera“ (daRlil wamwamqveS),

„yrud, ualersod yinvaTa mfeni“ Tvalebi (ibrZodnen Surni“ (6,79).

es yinuli, rogorc totaluri uRmerToba da usamarTloba, ganusazRvrel

masStabebs iZens da uzarmazar yinulis qalaqad iqceva yinulis kedlebiT, yinulis

sasaxleebT, yinulis mTebiT da koSkebiT... da yinulovan zRvaSi iketeba momavlis

gza...

magram mTvaris zewarSi gaxveul naTelSi poeti „sicocxlis genias“ xedavs maRal

anZasTan droSiT da misi siaxloviT, gulis siTboTi ingreva yinulovani

garemocva, ifanteba yinulovani qalaqi RrubeliviT, cisferi, kaSkaSa mTebi

imsxvrevian, gemis savali Tavisufldeba da igi elvis siswrafiT gaiWreba saocnebo

edemis mxarisken, samSobloSi ki „siyvarulis“ da „sicocxlis qnaris xmebia da

aTaswlovani xeebis simdidre.

yinulis mTebis nacvlad mSvenieri da didebuli mTebi moCans gardaqmnili,

gadiadebuli, „axlad srulyofili da camdis Sekidebuli.

poeti adidebs momavali rwmenis bunebas, romelsac dReTa Semobrunebis Zala aqvs:

„sadRaa yinulT Jriamuli da qaris stvena? o, momavalis, didi rwmenis kargo

178

buneba... Sen SegiZlia dReTa CvenTa Semobruneba, mSvenier dReTa SegiZlia

mommadlo ena!“ (SexedeT, miwa!) (6,232).

mTa, edemi, mTvare mariamis simboloebia,

sicocxlis genia, sicocxlis qnari – qristesi.

poetis sityvebi araTu myinvaris mTis simaRleze weria, aramed xalxis gulSia da

yvelgan rom amoiSalos, samyaroSi simRerad ganifineba, radgan igi saqveynoa:

„myinvaris TovliT mosil yinulze oblobis sityva mgzavrma daswera, Sig Caaqsova

dagubebuli kaeSan–fiqri da gulis Zgera... qveynisTvis –igi ar aris ucxo, ucxo

araa misTvis qveyana“ (sityva poetis) (1,121).

galaktioni mainc imediania da aqvs rwmena, rom gulis yinuli galxveba: „...vin icis,

iqneb galxves yinuli, Rrma mwuxarebiT Semorkinuli“ (werili soflidan) (8,80).

ruseTis „qar–yinvis“ Tovlis, yinulis, yinuleTis asociacia uCndeba konstantine

gamsaxurdias „dionisis Rimilis“ personaJs–konstantine savarsamiZes rus

slanskisTan: „slanski! Sen–yinuleTi, me–mzisguli, Sen Tovli, me–cecxli, Sen–

murdali, Roris tyavis fariviT farTo da mrgvali, me–qarTuli xanjaliviT basri

da wvetriani. me da Sen erT saxlSi ver daveteviT!“ (9,367).

„adrian gazaRxulSi“ (1,3255) aris rwmena, rom „keTili gazafxulis“ „kargi xareba“

gaadnobs yinulis lodebs, rogorc bibliaSi uzenaesis Zala.

galaktions daviT winaswarmetyveliviT sjeroda RmerTis yovlisSemZleobis,

romelic yinulis dnobis unariT iyo momadlebuli: „warmogzavnis Tovls

matyliviT, TrTvils ferfliT mimofantavs. gadmouSvebs setyvas puris natexiviT,

mis susxs vin daudgeba win? moavlens Tavis sityvas da daadnobs maT, dauberavs

Tavis qars da gadmodindeba wyali (fsalmuni, 147,5,6,7) (10,681).

ezekiel winaswarmetyvelis piriT RaRadebs ufali RmerTi: „uTxari mlesavT,

Camowveba–Tqo Tqveni kedeli. wamova Tavsxma da Tqven, yinulis qvebo,

CamocvivdebiT da qariSxali amovardeba“. (ezekieli, 147,11).

„ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: avtexav qariSxals Cemi rixviT, Tavsxma wamova Cemi

wyromiT da yinulis qvebi Cemi gacecxlebiT ganadgurdeba“ (ezekieli, 13,11,13)

(11,203).

literatura




4. luara sordia, galaktion tabiZis saxismetyvelebisa da msofmxedvelobis


5. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 11, Tb. 1973


7. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani 5 tomad, t. VI, Tb. 1994

8. galaktion tabiZe, xuTtomeuli, t. 2, Tb. 1993

9. konstantine gamsaxurdia, dionisis Rimili, Txzulebani 20 tomad, t. II, Tb.

1992

10. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, 1992

179

11. biblia or wignad, wigni II

„Rrublebi hgvanan amRvreul tvinebs“.

„mSobliur efemeraSi“ yazbegis RrubliT Semosili Subli, dacarielebuli

„yvavilTa ca“ da amiranis kvnesa gvagrZnobinebs erovnul tragedias, leqsSi

„Rrublebi hgvanan amRvreul tvinebs“ isev Rrubelze modis azrobriv–emociuri

muxti, igi asocirebulia amRvreul tvinebTan, xolo cidan CafebiT gadmoRvrili

cremlebi, grgvinva da elva–Rrublebi qveteqstebiT gvawvdis mTavar saTqmels:

„Rrublebi hgvanan amRvreul tvinebs, cidan cremlebi modis CafebiT. grgvinva

cidan ciT miagvirgvnebs elvas–RrubelTa akiafebiT“.

amRvreul tvinTan Sedarebuli Rrubeli tragizmis umTavres mizezi – sibrZnis

naklebobaze migvaniSnebs, raRac diadis gamotireba xdeba cremlebiT, xolo

grgvinva mtris muqaris SiSiT gvavsebs.

Semdeg strofSi ki konkretdeba zevsis ganrisxebis, dabnelebis mizezi, radgan

RameSi gzadakargul moxeves miSveleba sWirdeba: „ganrisxebula TviTon zevesi,

dorblmoreuli TeTri melaniT. dakargulia gza moxevesi bneldeba. Rame.

mieSveleniT“ (1,72).

bunebrivad Cndeba ilia WavWavaZis erovnuli idealebis asociacia, „mgzavris

werilebSi“ rom gamoxata moxevis sityvebiT: „Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudneso“ da es

mTeli eris saTqmelis gamoxatva iyo Zalze mignebuli.

galaktionma Tavisi didi poeturi winapris mravlismetyvel saxes da saTqmels

mimarTa axal droSi da gvagrZnobina, rom moxevis da mTeli qveynis sawuxari isev

aqtualuri da Znelad gadasaWreli iyo. es mdgomareoba dabnelebis, ukuneTis

dadgomis tolfasad aRiqmeboda .

ase originalurad, ganumeorebel mxatvrul saxeebSi nagulisxmevi qveteqstebiT

Segviyvana poetebis mefem „farul tkivilebiT daburul baRSi“. TviT mis sityvebs

rom mivmarToT.

am problemas isev simboluri formiT aSuqebs poeti axal aspeqtSi da aSkara

xdeba, ramdenad arsebiTia da sazogado satkivriT nasazrdoebi is erovnuli

saTqmeli, rac msWvalavs mTel mis poezias.

leqsSi „918“ mwuxareba, sawamlavebi, araadamianuri wvaleba Soreuli peterburgis

burusSia gaxveuli, sinamdvileSi guli Savi yinulia, qarTuli cnobiereba ki

danaSaulad aRiqmeba: „oh, mepatios, guli–yinuli! TeTrad spetaki– marad Savia,

wminda qarTuli da rutinuli azrisTvis igi damnaSavea“.

udabnos yvavilTa Zebna, qarSi liandags acdenili matarebeli (gzadakarguli

moxevis analogiuri Canafiqris Semcvleli saxe!) erovnul da sarwmunoebriv

idealTa iavarqmnas moaswavebs: „Semdeg udabnos yvavilTa mzogar TvaliT mZebneli

da marebeli, vudarajebdiT, Tu qarSi rogor ascda liandags matarebeli“.

udabnos yvavili qristes saxelia, iseve, rogorc yvavili, radgan qristem udabnoSi

imarxula da udabnoSi gamoicada.

180

qari is sabediswero avi qaria, atmis yvavilebs, atmis rtos da xomaldebs rom

usafrdeba...

„gzaTa miuvalobiT“ uedemo angelozebis tiriliT SeZrulia poeti/, misi demoni

(amjerad geniis simbobloa demoni) ver Seegueba Cveul standartebs, igi SefarviT

amxels mware sinamdviles: „sastiki iyo Cemi demoni, ver iTvisebda Cveul galobas,

angelozebi uedemoni tirodnen gzaTa miuvalobas“.

locvas qimerebi enacvleba, poetis lirikuli me ki maradiuli ianiCaria, es

qarTvelTa bedisweraa: „da migvafrenda locvaT magier, frTian qimeraT gviani

jari, oh, verasodes gverds ver agiar me, udroobis ianiCari!“

Semdeg avbediTi xmebi gvaZrwunebs, rac migvaniSnebs sazarel momavalze ZaRlis

ymuili, Wotis kivili, TandaTanobiTi daRameba,.. saunjis gaqrobiT sruldeba, SiSi

da ubedurebis molodinia. saunje ki saRvTo saxelia, anu realoba, dakarguli

Tavisufleba, RmerTwarmTmeuli arseboba (2,173).

leqsi 1918–iT TariRdeba da poetis avbediTi winagrZnobis sasworSi gvarwmunebs,

radgan saukuneobiT naocnebari 1918w. mopovebuli Tavisufleba mxolod samwliani

gamodga.

am problemas kidev ufro gamZafrebulad da axali kuTxiT warmoaCens 1918w.

daweril leqsSi „oforti“ (2,144).

zamTari, TeTri avdari, Tovli da marxili realuria Crdiloeli mezoblisTvis

da Cvenc mis moziared gvaqcia bedisweram: „elvare TovlSi mihqris marxili, rom

moixvios TeTri avdari, am sivrceebSi myavs damarxuli zamTari civi da

nazavTari“.

rusuli marxiliT modis CvenSi TeTri avdari, misi sivrceebi civi zamTris

samefoa.

simboluria es marxili, romelic ilia WavWavaZis „mgzavris werilebis“ rusuli

„povoskis“ asociacias iwvevs... CrdiloeTis imperiis mzesac „elami“ Tvali aqvs,

tyemlebis ayvavileba ki sizmareulia...

„gayinuli mxedris“ wuxilis mizezia siCume. Cveul siCumeSi mainc aSkaraa gzebis

„arsaamsoflo“ nakvalevi, rom aRar arsebobs sxva samSoblo, garda Tovlisa, anu

Tovliani monstrisa: „... ra siCumea! rogorc aCnia gzebs nakvalevi arsaamsoflo,

rom sxva samSoblo ar gamaCnia, rom es Tovlia Cemi samSoblo“.

edemis msgavsi samSoblos patrons Tovlis samefo aRiarebines samSoblod, dedas

dedinacvali amjobinebines.

misi Tovli „iisferi“ an „qalwuli Tovli“ rodia, es ufro „Savi Tovlia“,

talaxiani, gulismomwyveli, romelic ar dneba...

1921 wels dawerili „muxa“ mexiT muxis sikvdilze, mis fuRuroSi dabudebul

atirebul Wotze saubriT migvaniSnebs SiSze, simboluri muxis (eris sulis)

gansacdelze (1,52).

tye, baRi, muxa, kaklebi eris sulis simboloa.

mxecis „apokalifsuri mxecis nairsaxeoba) xelobaa „Zveli kaklebis“ iavarqmna:

„saSinelia, igrZno uecrad, rom aRar dganan Zveli kaklebi. Seni saxeli maT

miuecrad–mxeci, arc meti da arc naklebi“ (sisxli) (3-735).

totaluri represiebis asociacia gviCndeba, kaklebi ki erovnuli sulis simboloa,

romlis Semusvras cdilobdnen triumfatori imperatorebi meoce saukuneSi.

181

„darialisa viwro kldeebSi“ (1911w.) monobis siZulviliT ZilSi STanTqmuli,

uzrunveli samSoblos gamo dardiT iqcevs yuradRebas (1,46).

megobrad movlenili mtris muxanaTuri Ralatis mxilebaa leqsSi „guli“ (1919w.)

damsxvreul Zeglebsa da qandakebebs Soris ugono siyvaruliT Seryeuli guli

marxia, „usivrco“ baRi ki asparezwarTmeuli xalxis asociacias qmnis, radgan baRi,

venaxi xalxis paradigmaa bibliaSi (1,274).

grigol orbelianis gaxseneba amZafrebs erovnul tkivils leqsSi „Cemo iarali“:

„... tfilisi Zveli miingr–moingra, scivaT kaxurebs da nariyala, cremlebiT sveli

matareblebis kivils gahyurebs.

Semdeg striqonebSi kidev ufro Zlierdeba sevda. poeti jiutad dgas simbolur

mTaze marto (mTa mariam RvTismSoblis simboloa) zeciuri gadasaxedidan ki

„axali sanaxavi“ sanugeSo rodia: „me vdgavar mTaze, me vdgavar marto, damTvrali

axal sanaxaviTa, riTi gagarTo, rogor gagarTo? Cemo iarali, is dro wavida!“

(4,34).

SemTxveviTi rodia patrioti romantikosi winaprebis molandeba.

1959 wels dauweria galaktions mravalmniSvneloTani saTqmeliT savse leqsi,

romelsac gasdevs n. baraTaSvilis fraza poemiidan „bedi qarTlisa“: „axla ki

droa!“

magram aq 50-iani wlebis sabWoTa ideologia rodia, romelic mTeli msoflios

proletariatis gaerTianebis deviziT gamodioda da erovnulis daviwyebas

gvaswavlida.

albaT, poets surda mSromelis „dafasebis“ epoqaSi mSromelze saubriT aexvia

Tvali cenzurisTvis: „axla ki droa, mSromelo, roma, dafasdes Seni Rvawli da

Sroma, darigdes wigni, iquxos qarTvlis sadRegrZeloma“.

wigni saRvTo saxelia, rogorc Cans, poeti saxelmwifoebriv doneze religiis

Semwynareblobas gulismobda, xolo qarTvelis sadRegrZeloTi aSkarad

patriotul aqcents akeTebda.

Semdeg warsulis gaxsenebiT axal safrTxesac usvams xazs: „axla ki droa,

mSromelo, roma is gavixsenoT, risxva da wyroma, rac Tavs dagvatyda, ganadgureba

rom mogvindoma“.

ucxo gvar–tomTa daundoblobis gameorebis SemTxvevaSi qarTvel vefxvebsa da

lomebs xmlisken mouwodebs poeti: „exla ki droa, mSromelo, roma, Tu ar

dagvindo ucxoT gvar–tomma, xmals ikras xeli qarTvelma vefxvma, qarTvelma

lomma“.

momavalSi mWknari mdelos ayvavebis, mSvidobis damkvidrebis, Tavisuflebis

miRwevis natvriT mTavrdeba leqsi: „exla ki droa, mSromelo, roma, mSvidoba

naxos saqarTveloma, grili niavis qrolva SeigrZnos mWknarma mdeloma“ (5,303).

leqsSi „aq marmarilos maRali sveti“ refrenad gamoyenebulia aleqsadre

WavWavaZis fraza „vai, droni, droni!“

„epoqis gedi“ TviT poetia, romelic „ocnebas mReris gabediTebiT“.

sisxlian epoqas Seumusravs dRe. dRe saRmrTo saxelia.

cixe– galavanSi daRvrili sisxli mis mSenebels samareSic ar moasvenebs: „cixe–

galavans sCqefs sisxlis wveTi, dRe SemmusvrelTa alTa kidebiT. vin iyo qvaTa

amaTa mkveTi? igi ar hkvdeba gulTmSvidebiT“.

182

suro, xavsi, TaRebis Rrubeli da nislTa piramidebi miniSnebaa epoqis Rrubelsa

da nislze: „suro da xavsi RalRiT, gvritebiT. vamCnev TaRebze RrubelTa ronins,

gaSlilan nislTa piramidebi, vah, droni, droni!“

nangrevebi, Zveli miTebi, amindi Tu uamindoba iyo poetis pirveli bedi da nugeSi

mxolod is aris, rom mainc qarTan gabediTebiT mebrZoli moCans samSoblo.

bednierebis survili, gamomSvidobeba da SeZaxili, vai, droni, droni“. xuravs

tkivilebis matianes...

leqsi daTariRebulia 1927 wliT, „aRmavali socializmis“ periodiT (6,334).

ase amoefarara galaktioni winapar patriotTa saxelebs gadauWreli erovnuli

problemebis gasacxadeblad.. poetis SemoqmedebaSi gamudmebiT emezobleba

erTmaneTs erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi idealebi, ganuyofeli triada: ena, mamuli,

sarwmunoeba.

mTeli erovnuli ubedobis Sejamebad aRiqmeba 1928 wels dawerili leqsi „Sen

oblad kvlav adgaxar gzas“.

zecis rRveva, sodomis codva, grgvinva–quxilis muqara, urTierT Seubralebloba,

gzadakargulTa wuxili, obloba, grigalisa da qaris imedad yofna aSkaras xdis,

rom qveynis Tavze datexili ubedureba magistraluri gzis, sarwmunoebis,

erovnuli idealebis Ralatis Sedegia: „Sen oblad kvlav adgexar gzas, zeca hquxs,

zeca irRveva, oTxiv mxriv gadmoxeTqili mTeli sodomi iRvreba. elvani

iklaknebian, aris grgvinva da quxili, SoriT Sors ismis xevebSi, gzadakargulTa

wuxili. dabrundi! erTimeores am dros aravin icodebs, mSvelel xels mxolod

grigali da qari gamogiwodebs“ (4,106).

1927 wliT aris daTariRebuli leqsi „guli grZnobs“. sevdis mizezia

dausaxelebeli mtris Ralati, Ramisgan ayiravebuli zambaxTa kalaTi, mRvrie

qariSxali: „avtomobilis mRvrie Tvalebs darevda sevda, elvare Rame ayiravebs

zambaxTa kalaTs, Sen gaxsovs? mRvrie qariSxali haers rom revda, guli grZnobs

Ralats“.

„zambaxTa kalaTi“ mariam RvTismSoblis saxelia.

Semdeg striqonebSi „mwuxare TovlSi“ „feradi gemis“ wasvla gamxdara sananebeli,

dedamiwa angelozebiT ki ara, jalaTebiT avsebulan da RalatiT guldaxruli

personaJi leqsisa mxolod SurisZiebaSi xedavs xsnas: „mwuxare TovlSi wamiyvana

feradma gemma, winaT angelozs– dedamiwas vucqeri jalaTs. o, Surs iZiebs

usaTuod rosme bohema, guli grZnobs Ralats“ (4,63).

rogorc vxedavT, leqsi enigmebiT gvimxels saTqmels. „mwuxare TovlSi“

Crdiloeli qveyana, yinvian–Tovliani monstri SeiZleba vigulisxmoT (Tovli

mravalmniSvnelovani cnebaa galaktionis poeziaSi, erT–erT WriloSi mas

politikuri qveteqstebic aqvs).

„feradi gemi“ galaktionis leqsSi qristianobaa, xolo „feradi gemiT“ mwuxare

TovlSi“ wasvla niSnavs qristianobis, erTmorwmuneobis saxeliT misvlas Tovlis

samefoSi, yinulovani monstris amao imedze yofnas.

ase simbolur–alegoriulad, axleburad, enigmebiT gvagrZnobinebs poeti

samSoblos ubedurebas, romelic xsnas mezobel qristianul saxelmwifoSi eZebda,

magram imedgacrueba arguna morwmuneobis niRabs amofarebulma borotebis

imperiam.

183

1927 wliT aris daTariRebuli leqsi „daiRupa is xomaldi“, romelSic boroti

qarisagan daRupuli xomaldis saxiT SegvagrZnobinebs poeti erovnul -

sarwmunoebrivi idealebis ganadgurebas (4,61).

avbediT 1937 wels poets sabolood gadawuruli hqonia imedi, mamulis monobas,

urwmunoebis gabatonebas sabolood mouklavs sicocxlis xalisi: „ar megona, ar

megona, ar megona, gulo, Tu amgvari gaxdebodi–civi, umamulo da amgvarad Tu

sicocxlis mokvdeboda kona–ar megona, sicocxleo, ara, ar megona“. mkvdari

„sicocxlis kona“ uaryofili RmerTia (4,374).

erTgan „Tovli“ anu Tovliani imperiaa poetis „samSoblo“ (samSoblo Savi

luciferis), sakuTaris daviwyebas aiZulebdnen“, samagierod sxvisi yinulovani

mosnstris aRiarebas STaagonebdnen. mSobliur, edemismagvar mxares saxelic

dakarguli hqonda, igi borotebis imperiis provincia iyo: „tropikul xeebs Savi

zRvis pirad, vazebs daxlarTuls, rom mivyvebodi zurmuxtisfrad fiqrebSi

garTuls, Camaval mzeSi mas mxolod sxvisi erqva mamuli“ (Savi zRvis pirad) (1,114).

monobis, sircxvilis fiqri uwvavda guls, dasabrunebeli iyo satanistebisagan

wagvrili mamuli da beds evedreboda: „gTxov, damibrune Cemi samSoblo, sadac

malxenda ocneba yrmobis, sadac ar vgrZnobdi, Tu ras niSnavda fiqri

sircxvilis, fiqri monobis“ (samSobloSi) (1,136).

galaktionis ideali iyo „samSoblos sanaxavidan“ enaxa „imedis Suqi“, sicocxlis

sagani“, „Suqi mocimcime“ (rwmenis simboloebia), magram burusi faravda sanatrel

ocnebas (Cemi gulia dRes es Savi zRva) (1934w.) (4,293).

poeti xedavda saTayvanebeli samSoblos idealebis iavarqmnas da gulistkeniT

askvnida: „raa masze guldamwyveti, metexo da doRmis velo, midiode da fiqrobde,

es ar aris saqarTvelo. aris xlarTi rkinigzebis, aris avto–moto–velo, aris

ojaxebic, magram es ar aris saqarTvelo“ (raa masze guldamwyveti).

qronologiurad rom gavadevnoT Tvali galaktions erovnul Temaze Seqmnil

leqsebs, aRmoCndeba, rom 30-40–ian wlebSi kidev ufro meti simwvaviT igrZnoba

„udarebeli samSoblo mxaris“ gulistkivili, radgan droTa svlas eris, arcerTi

imedi ar ausrulebia: „ra uwyaloa ronini xanis, ausrulebel imedTa gare“ (es

winaT iyo) (1927w.) (6,288). galaktionis am mamxilebel leqsebs rom vecnobiT,

gvagondeba akaki beliaSvilis sityvebi: „galaktionisTvis sinonimebad iqcnen

samSoblo da poezia. galaktioni poeziis mefe erekle iyo da mis xelSi ise

elvarebda kalami, rogorc erekles xelSi–xmali“(akaki beliaSvili, poeziis

ugvirgvino mefe)(8-577-579).

literatura:

1. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. I, Tb, 1993

2. galaktion tabiZe, Tbzulebani or wignad, wigni I, 1988

3. galaktion tabiZe, Tb. 1977

4. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t.II, Tb. 1994

5. galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani xuT tomad, t.III, Tb. 1994

6. galaktion tabiZe, Tbzulebani xuT wignad, wigni IV, 1988

7. netari avgustine, „aRsareba“, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, Tb. 1985

184

8. galaktion tabiZe, rCeuli, leqsebi, publicistika, mimowera,

Tavi VII

„Serigeba“

galaktion tabiZis epoqa RmerTisagan gaucxoebiT, uzenaes sawyisebTan ganSorebiT

gamoirCa. drois es avbediTi daRi mravalgzis gvagrZnobina poetma ganumeorebeli

mxatvruli saxeebiT. SeiZleba dabejiTebiT iTqvas, rom galaktionis Semoqmedebis

tragizmis erT-erTi umTavresi ganmapirobebelia uflis uaryofa da aqedan

gamomdinare maRali sulierebis, sikeTis gaufasureba. TviT poets arasodes

gauwyvetia kavSiri zecasTan, sikeTis RmerTTan.

TiTqos poetebis mefeze gacxadda bibliuri WeSmariteba: „aha, wyvdiadi dafaravs

qveyanas da bneli – xalxebs, Senze ki ufali inaTebs da misi dideba

gamogecxadeba“ (esaia, 60,2).

galaktioni taZrisken misasvleli gzebis Ziebas, sibneleSi gzis gagnebas

STaagonebda „ZilquSis suliT“ Sepyrobil sazogadoebas. mis leqsebSi „oreuli

mzis“ paralelurad, „Soreuli mze“ anaTebs, anu poets rom davesesxoT, „namdvili

mzis naTeli“, „gazafxulis wminda dila“. gazafxuli, zafxuli ki qristianuli

RmerTis simboloebia. „gvirgvini daadgi weni sikeTis zafxuls da Seni

nakvalevidan wveTavs simsuqne“ (fs. 64/65,12).

poeti afiqsirebda „gazafxulis wminda dilis“, „namdvili mzis“ gauCinarebis

samwuxaro faqts, rac uRmerTo arsebobaze mimaniSnebelia: „ase risTvis Seicvala

gazafxulis wminda dila, Tu Rimili mxiaruli SenTvis jerac ar yofila? ase

risTvis miefara mze daRvremil mTis mwvervalebs, Tu namdvili mzis naTeli ar

unaxavT jer Sens Tvalebs?“ („ase risTvis?“).

leqsis lirikuli gmiri natrobda ganwmendas, RmerTTan Serigebas, magram amis

niSnebs ver amCnevda da gulistkiviliT ambobda: „Serigebis molodinSi bedi jerac

arsaiT sCans, da ar vici kaci, vinac ar icnobdes mag kaeSans“ („ase risTvis?“).

rogorc zemoTdamowmebuli leqsidan Cans, am SemTxvevaSi Serigebis cnebas

galaktionisTvis aqvs mxoloddamxolod religiuri azri.

winaswarmetyvelTa wignebSi, pavle mociqulis epistoleebSi Serigeba RmerTTan

adamianis mibrunebis gagebiT iqcevs yuradRebas.

mivmarToT magaliTebs: „aha, mogivlenT elia winaswarmetyvels uflis dRis, didis

da saSinelis dadgomamde“ (malaqia winaswarmetyveli, 2,23).

„is Searigebs mamebis guls Svilebis gulTan da Svilebis guls mamebis gulTan,

rom Cemi mosvlisas qveyana SeCvenebiT ar Sevmusro“ (malaqia, 3,24).

185

pavle mociquli saubrobs RmerTTan Serigebaze, Serigebis msaxurebasa da

Serigebis sityvaze: „yovelive RvTisagan aris, romelmac Segviriga ieso qristes

meSveobiT da mogvca Serigebis msaxureba“ (pavle mociquri, II korinTelTa, T.5,18).

„imitom, rom RmerTma qristeSi Seiriga wuTisofeli da ar CauTvala maT maTi

danaSaulebani da gviboZa Serigebis sityva“ (iqve, T, 5,19).

„amjerad Cven qristes saxeliT varT movlenilni da Tavad RmerTi SegagonebT

Cveni meSveobiT, qristes saxeliT gTxovT: SeurigdiT RmerTs“ (iqve, 5,20).

igives qadagebs pavle mociquli, roca mimarTavs romaelebs: „vinaidan, Tu misi Zis

sikvdiliT SevurigdiT RmerTs, roca mtrebi viyaviT, miT umetes, Serigebulni

gadavrCebiT misi sicocxliT“ (romaelTa mimarT, 5,10).

„ufro metic, viqadiT RmerTiT Cveni uflis ieso qristes meSveobiT, romlis

wyalobiTac miviReT axla Serigeba“ (iqve, 5,11).

„RmerTTan jvris meSveobiT Serigebaze“ saubrobs pavle mociquli mimarTvaSi

efeselTadmi (2,16), kolaselTadmi (1,20).

galaktioni „dausrulebeli setyviT daRupuli yvavilebisa da venaxebis“ saxeebiT

migvaniSnebs Tavisi Tanamedrove epoqis xasiaTze, romelic RmerTisuarmyofeli

suliT daidaRa. „yvavili“ da „venaxi“ saRmrTo saxelebia.

„yvavili abramisa“, „yvavili gulisa“, „yvavili saRmrToi“, „yvavili cxovrebisa“

ieso qristes simboluri saxeebia (t. mosia, „saRvTo saxismetyveleba, zugdidi, 1995

w. gv. 106-107).

aseve qristes simboloa „venaxi WeSmariti“, „me var venaxi WeSmariti da mamaCemi

moqmedi ars“ (ioane, 15,1).

„dausrulebeli setyva“ urwmuno epoqis metaforuli gamoxatvaa, religiis, rwmenis

amoZirkvisaken mimarTuli.

galaktioni gmobda vaipoetebis Rriancels, „usagno kamaTs“, wminda cremlebiT,

„Rrma mogonebebiT“ aTenebda, sjeroda, rom jer yovelive ar iyo daRupuli, rom

kidev iqneboda sulis amaRleba da bedTan Serigeba uzenaesis saxeliT: „Sen nu

daecemi, Sen nu SeSindebi, gulis udabnosTan brZolas eg ar igebs, yvela amaoa,

jer ar Sebinddeba, mxolod gamarjveba bedTan Segvarigebs“ („ar Rirs erT

cremlad“).

poeti qariani martis damarcxebiT migvaniSnebda ukeTurobis aRsasruls,

siwmindiT, sinaTliT ivseboda, amaRlebuli suliT qmnida mSvenierebis sadidebels

suliwmindis madliT cxebuli sityvisa da musikis virtuozi: „totebs qarisas

gadahyva marti, TeTr tansacmelSi me movirTvebi da waval qarSi, rogorc mocarti,

gulSi simReris msubuq zvirTebiT“.

poeturi Zlevamosilebis masazrdoebelia siwminde, siTeTre, TeTri sinaTlis,

siwmindis, silamazis, umankoebis, wmindanobis, sixarulis, bednierebis,

naTlisRebis feria. qarTuli monaTvlac qristianobas ukavSirdeba“ (v. nozaZe,

„vefxistyaosnis“ ferTametyveleba“, buenos airesi, 1953 w. gv. 133).

poetebis mefe namdvil, maradiul mzis naTels Wvretda yvelgan, mzisa, romelsac

RvTiuri aliT unda aezambaxebina baRebi, anu gaemSvenierebina adamianis suli (baRi

kacuri bunebaa ipolite romaelis mixedviT). ukvdavebis yovlisSemZleoba vlindeba

yvelaferSi: „dRes yvelgan mzea: exla am baRebs da myinvars, maRal zraxvaTa mefes,

maisi aliT aazambaxebs, viT Seyvarebuls da meocnebes“.

186

maradiuli Suqis madliT gaalebulad ganicdeboda myinvaris Tovlis iagundebiani

gvirgvinic da poetis dafnis gvirgvinic: „Cven gvirgvinebi gvaqvs odnav msgavsi,

lamazi SuqTa maradi nTebiT: me – msubuq dafnis foTlebiT savse, myinvars –

umZimes iagundebiT“.

spetaki suliT maRldeboda poeti akldamaze (sikvdilze) mSvenierebis sadidebeli

leqsebiT wvdeboda ukvdavebas, yvelgan mzes, silamazes, uzenaess Wvretda da

sikvdilsac RmerTis saxeliT urigdeboda: „amaRldi, sulo, TeTr akldamaze

mSvenierebis leqsiT mqebeli: dRes yvelgan mzea da silamaze sikvdilTan Cemi

Semrigebeli“ (Serigeba“).

ara ganSoreba, ara dacileba, aramed RmerTTan Serigeba eimedeboda ukvdavebis

karibWesTan galaktions.

ganSorebis gulistkivili, ganSorebis wamebSi Camqrali sanTlebi, RmerTisagan

ganSoreba awamebda terenti granels da eloda ganwmendas, Serigebas: „da sulis

landi isev gaCndeba da isev mova dRe Serigebis“.

RmerTis rwmeniT ki sikvdilis SiSi marcxdeboda, vinaidan wminda sulis adamianebs

maradiul sasufevels hpirdeba uzenaesi. galaktionisaTvis amis SegnebiT

sikvdilis Savi gza vardisfer gzad gardaisaxeboda („mTawmindis mTvare“). terenti

granelisTvis aRsasrulisas Camqrali sanTlebi ki ara, „sikvdilis cisferi wamebi“

unda acimcimebuliyo. ase amarcxebda RmerTis, sulis ukvdavebis rwmena codvebs

da aaxloebda uzenaesTan Serigebas.

gadarCenis himni da gadarCenis bedniereba

meoce saukunis ociani wlebidan Cveni qveynis winaSe gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT

daisva yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi, radgan ruseTma meored moaxdina saqarTvelos

okupacia 1921 w. 25 Tebervals da sisxlSi CaaxSo 1924 wlis ajanyeba.

satanisturi bolSevizmis Zalmomreobisgan gadasarCeni iyo Tavisuflebis idea,

suliereba, rwmena, dasabrunebeli iyo dakarguli saxelmwifoebrioba.

“qormeZebriani cenzuris” (k. gamsaxurdias terminia) mZlavrobis miuxedavad,

progresuli qarTveli moRvaweebi mainc axerxebdnen amofarebodnen igavur

azrovnebas, simbolo-alegoriebs da “kulturis diqtaturis” deviziT iRwvodnen

federalistebi konstantine gamsaxurdias meTaurobiT qarTuli eTnosis,

TviTmyofadi kulturis, sulieri faseulobebis gadarCenisTvis. es Zalze saxifaTo

iyo, radgan gamudmebiT fxizlobda “gaiZvera moyvare” da cecxliTa da maxviliT

ebrZoda rwmenas, patriotizms Sovinizmad acxadebda, krZalavda cxovrebis

filosofiuri sazrisis Ziebas, erovnul genze, mSobliur Zirebze, fesvebze weras.

yinulovani monstri afetiSebda internacionalizms, kosmopolitizms da

cdilobda Tavis borotebis imperiaSi ZaliT Serekili xalxebisTvis sakuTari

enis, cnobierebis Tavs moxvevas.

magram epoqalur warRvnas, mefistofeluri Zalebis ieriSebs mainc gauZlo

qarTulma sulma da Seqmna sakacobrio mniSvnelobis proza, poezia, musika,

Teatraluri xelovneba.

187

erovnuli fenomenis gadarCenisaTvis moRvaweTa Soris gansakuTrebuli iyo

galaktion tabiZis roli. igi poezias suliwmindis madlad saxavda da mxatvruli

sityvis upirveles misias, gansxvavebiT proletaruli Taobebis da socialisturi

realizmis warmomadgenlebisgan, rwmenis, erovnulobis, sulierebis msaxurebaSi,

cxovrebis raobisa da adamianis daniSnulebis gansazRvraSi xedavda, socialur-

politikuri problemebis ganWvretasTan erTad, momavalSi gasaRwevi gzebis

gasigrZeganebas cdilobda.

SemTxveviT ar Cndeba galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi terminebi: gadarCena,

aRorZineba, ganaxleba, aRdgoma.

saTqmelis pirdapir gamJRavnebis SesaZleblobas wiTeli cenzura ar iZleoda

da poetic enigmur saxeebs, urTules metaforebs andobda saTqmels, raTa

emxilebina “mefistofelis saukune” da qristes gzaze mieniSnebina. dabejiTebiT

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es poetma zedmiwevniT SesZlo. amitom ar kargavs Tavis

jadosnur Zalas misi Rrma qveteqstebiT savse poezia... igi iseTi aqtualuria,

TiTqos am epoqisTvis iyos Seqmnili, radgan dResac umwvavesia is problemebi,

rasac yofna-aryofnis dilemamde mihyavda Cveni qveyana.

“aTasis mxedvelobis” mqone poetis lirika epoqis tragikul movlenebs

ireklavda, magram amasTan, “cis da miwis Sezavebis” saidumloebebs naziarebi suli

Sinaganad sabolood gawonasworebuli hqonda cxovrebis kanonzomierebaTa

Secnobis, zeciuri sibrZnis mignebis wyalobiT. mis SemoqmedebaSi pirovnuli

tkivili, gansacdeli yovelTvis nasazrdoebia sazogadoebrivi ubedurebiT, magram

uimedoba marcxdeba uzenaesi goniT, cxovrebis zRvaze aRzrdili, samyaros

Semoqmedisgan gabrZnobili Zlevamosili suliT es nugeSis formula ki

Camoyalibebulia aseTnairad: “rac aireva da daireva, rac daingreva, kvlav

aSendeba” (mSvidobis wigni).

umaRlesi wyaro am optimizmisa, xsnis gza mxolod maralzneobrivi cxovreba da

RmerTia _ siyvaruliT saxeldebuli: “gulSi JRers ra xania siyvarulis simRera,

rogorc erTaderTi xsna, erTaderTi imedi” (ilias motivi) (1, 429-430).

galaktioni qmnida “lodinis simReras”, eloda “Sori gazafxulis”

gamobrwyinebas, maradisis movlinebas, risTvisac mzad iyo uyoymanod gaewira

warmavali, dRevandeli yofna: “Cems Sor gazafxuls udarajebs sicocxlis vneba,

im Sor gazafxuls Zlierad rom gamobrwyindeba. sinamdvileSi ocnebisas avanTeb

kandels, im Sor gazafxuls fexqveS vugeb yofnas dRevandels” (sinamdvileSi

ocnebisas) (1, 37).

gazafxuli, Zveli qarTuliT zafxuli saRmrTo saxelia: “gvirgvini daadgi Seni

sikeTis zafxuls da Seni nakvalevidn wveTavs simsuqne” (fs. 64/65, 12) (2, 588).

gaunelebeli wyurviliT eZebda poeti “TasebiT” “sicocxlis Cangebs”:

“sicocxlis Cangebs mivaSuroT isev TasebiT, mraval wyurvilTa gaxelebiT,

gaaTasebiT” (mivaSuroT) (3, 361).

Tasi mariamis simboloa (4, 184-185) “sicocxlis Cangi” qristesi (4, 38-39).

rwmenis, sikeTis, adamianuri sulis gadarCenisTvis ibrZoda poeti mTeli

cxovreba, “ganadgurebis eklian gzaze” unda gamoetarebina, “muxTali, Savbneli

Zalisgan” unda gadaerCina “yvavilebi”: “veli, vibrZoleb... me am yvavilebs vatareb,

sanam meqneba Zali, rom ar Seexos mas sisastikis Zala Savbneli, xeli muxTali da

188

mudam gavzrdi gulSi im imeds, rom sadRac aris iseTi mxare, sadac edemi hyvavis

mziani, sadac ar aris suli mwuxare” (me am yvavilebs) (5, 59).

yvavili, vardi saRmrTo saxelia. es saxe momdinareobs solomonis qebaTa

qebidan: “yvavilebi daCndnen miwis pirze, Jami galobisa moiwia da xma gvritisa

ismis Cvens mxareSi” (qebaTa qeba solomonisa, 2, 12) (6, 15).

edemi, samoTxe mariam RvTismSoblis metaforaa: “gixaroden, romlisa mier

ganeRo samoTxei” (daujdomeli yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa) (7, 9).

satanis, bnelis aRzevebis periodSi RmerTis erTguleba, lodinis simReris

gavrceleba, saTnoebis mkvdreTiT aRdgena daakisra poets gangebam: “viT locva,

edeba saRamo mTis kalTebs, Sors qari gahkivis, bneldeba TandaTan. me gaval am

qarSi, gavitan am vardebs da Seni lodinis simReras gavatan” (locvisTvis) (5, 281).

umaRlesi idealebis gadarCenisTvis brZola iyo saWiro, brZola xmalze ufro

Zlieri kalmiT: “me kidev waval, me kidev vivli, gaTenebamde unda vibrZolo... ara

erTi msurs vpovo yvavili da damWknarebi gadavisrolo” (Semodgomis yvavilebi) (5,

183).

poeti iZleoda “vardobisTvis vardebiT Trobis” magaliTs, iyo erTguli

qristianuli eTikis: “o, mebraleba me Cemi mtrebi, ar vici mtroba” (maisis isriT)

(5, 53).

grigalisgan (borotebisgan) sanTlis Caqrobis SiSs amarcxebda deda-Zis

maradiuli saxeebis movlineba, poeti eZebda Tavis maradiul ideals _ “zambaxis

princesas” da “cisfer vardebs”: “me TvaliT veZebdi zambaxis princesas, mwyuroda

cisferi vardebi” (es iyo TxuTmeti wlis winaT) (3, 281).

zambaxis princesa mariamis saxelia (8, 13-18), “cisferi vardebi” _ qristesi (8,98).

urwmuno epoqaSi poeti mowme gaxda “lurj yvavilebis Telvis” (saRamo) (1, 97).

“grZnobaT damxobis”, magram mas arasodes daviwyebia Tavisi “Soreuli trfoba” anu

uzenaesi: “me damaviwyda Zveli wvaleba da valaleba grZnobaT damxobis. da maxsovs

mxolod cisferTvaleba, idumaleba Soreul trfobis” (is) (1, 4).

“Soreuli satrfo”, “sruli trfoba” RmerTis saxelia galaktionis poeziaSi (8,

113)... da misi wyaroa solomonis “qebaTa qeba”: “...es aris metrfe Cemi, es aris

sayvareli Cemi” (5, 16) (6, 17).

zecaze isev is “mSvildi” (cisartyela) eguleba da isev mas erTgulebs, rogorc

zecis Svili: “araferia isev is mSvildi dahxaris mdelos, im sadRegrZelos

uzecisSvildi, im sadRegrZelos” (maisis isriT) (5, 53).

“cisartyela” saRmrTo saxelia (9, 112).

“gadanaxul droSebSi” Tumca gadamwvari sasaxle, gadamxmari baRebi, amomSrali

wyaro da mWknari foTlebis sevdaa, magram amasTan aris “sxva gazafxulis”

(RmerTis) mogoneba, mTaze, kldeze gamosaxuli, momavlisaTvis Senaxuli rwmenis

droSebis erTguleba (1, 14).

mTa mariamis saxelia da momdinareobs danielis winaswarmetyvelebidan: “hxedevd,

vidre ara gamoekueTa lodi mTisagan Tvinier xelTasa” (danieli, 2, 34). aq mTa

mariamis simboloa, lodi ki _ Ze RmerTis.

klde qristeze migvaniSnebs: “ufali RmerTia saukuno klde” (esaia, 26, 4) (6, 91).

poets arasodes tovebda nugeSis RmerTis saxe: “gmadlob, nugeSo, Sens gzaze

rom daviarebi” (sxvagan sadaa) (3, 802).

189

“nugeSisken” raSiT swrafvaa leqsSi “mwuxareba Senze”: “...me vixdi niRabs,

momgvareT raSi, SenTan, nugeSTan, o, Cqara, Cqara, me momdevs ganTqmul saxelis

taSi, dideba, cremli, Relva, muqara” (3, 346).

“nugeSis” saxis wyaroa biblia: “me var, me, Tqveni nugeSismcemeli...” (esaia


nugeSis ZaliT marcxdeba obloba, yovelgvari siZnele: “ar var oboli am

qveyanaze, Sen megulebi nugeSad sanam” (ar var oboli am qveyanaze) (3, 605).

nugeSis RmerTi fantavs borotebis nisls, krizisis wuTebSi Cndeba “brolis

zmanebis” TanamgrZnobi Tvalebi, igi aCerebs Caxmaxisken gawvdil xels, sibneles

amarcxebs da Subls misi zebunebrivi naTeli asxivosnebs: “vici, poetis gatexil

saxels brbo ar daindobs gasaTelavad, magram Seni mze sibneles gaxevs da

daadgeba Subls naTeliviT” (nugeSi).

Tvali saRmrTo saxelia: “yvelgan uflis Tvalebia, xedaven ukeTurebs da

keTilebs” (igavni solomonisa, 10, 627).

leqsSi “ra saWiroa sityvebi? mjera!” “gazafxulis”, “oqrosTmiani dRis”

(gazafxulTan erTad, dRec saRmrTo saxelia) movlinebis sixarulia: “dRe

wamoiWra oqrosTmiani, dRe axalgazrda da gambedavi”.

Semdegi striqonebis “mze” da “saunjec”, romlebic aRmosavleTs miemarTeba,

qristianuli RmerTis simboloebia: “mze dedamiwas sunTqvas udidebs, sadac

Zeglebi aris darguli, aRmosavleTiT is miuTiTebs: iq saunjea gadamarxuli” (1,

25).

mzis saRmrTo saxelad moazrebis magaliTebi mravlad aris bibliaSi.

davimowmebT oriodes: “mze da faria ufali RmerTi” (fs. 84, 12) (2, 614).

malaqias winaswarmetyvelebaSi RmerTs ewodeba “mze simarTlisa”:

“amogibrwyindebaT, RvTis moSiSno, mze simarTlisa da kurneba iqneba mis frTebze”

(malaqia winaswarmetyveli, 3, 2) (6, 307).

mebrZol poets uzenaesis “brwyinvalebis da gamarjvebis samoseli’ ezmaneba da

“mSvidi molodiniT” gascqeris mzis amosvlas: “ra damSvidebiT gadavcqeri

msoflio Relvebs, vici, axloa is, visac veli. mas samoseli brwyinvalebis da

gamarjvebis moaqvs mebrZoli poetisTvis. dascxriT, talRebo, mze amodis

aRmosavleTiT, mze amodis ara erTi da ori” (ra damSvidebiT gadavcqeri) (5, 265).

poetis molodinis adresati mzea _ RmerTi.

galaktioni aris mziTSemosili, rogorc wmindanebi: “...me sxva mze mmosavs

rogorc Sehferis saqarTvelos saxalxo mgosans” (dRes Semisrulda).

rwmeniT ganmtkicebuli, bolomde sixaruliT da gazafxuliT (sixaruli da

gazafxuli saRmrTo Sinaarsis saxelebia) Semosili iyo poetebis mefe: “me

sixaruli memosa da gazafxulis ocneba, xiblavda gareSemosa mindvrebis

gadasosneba” (fanjaras totebs miaxlis) (3, 200).

gazafxulis wyaro fsalmunia, RmerTis saxed moazrebuli sixaruli mravlad

gvxvdeba Zvel da axal aRTqmaSi. davimowmebT erT magaliTs: “qriste aris

“sixaruli yovlisa erisa” (luka, 2, 10) (2, 113).

demonis sikvdilisken momwodebel xmas faravs “maradi WiqiT” mirTmeuli mzis

da cecxlis sadRegrZelo: “mzis sadRegrZelos maradi WiqiT vsvam, mixaria

cecxlis kdemani, samSoblos iqiT, simSvidis iqiT, isev meZaxis Cemi demoni” (mzis

sadRegrZelos) (5, 309).

190

mzesTan erTad, RmerTis simboloa cecxli.

qoribis mTaze moses mier Seuwveli cecxlis TanxlebiT xiluli mayvali

qristesa da mariamze miniSnebaa (gamosvla, 3, 1, 2, 3) (12, 59).

fiala, Tasi, azarfeSa, maradi Wiqa, sixarulis Wiqa mariamis simboluri

saxelebia (4, 182-193).

galaktioni “cecxliani azarfeSebiT” svamda mzis sadRegrZelos, anu

erTdroulad eziareboda mamaRmerTis, (mzis), Ze RmerTis (cecxlis), azarfeSis

(mariamis) madls.

sulSi damkvidrebuli bnelicodvili “luciferis” mZvinvarebas “umanko

naTelisa” da “saswaulis” ZaliT amarcxebda (saswauls) (3, 139).

RmerTi aris “naTeli didi” (maTe, 4, 16) (11, 6).

uzenaesis saxelia saswauli: “Sena xar RmerTi saswaulis moqmedi” (fs. 76, 5) (2,

603).

“alvis xis gadarCenaSi” (1, 186) simboluri formiT mowodebulia azri

orbunebovani RmerTisken (qristesken) mibrunebisa, rwmenis gafrTxilebisa.

xe, kerZod, alvis xe uzenaesis simboloa (4, 179).

poeti moxiblulia alvis xis mSvenebiT, misi “mrCobli” sulis movlinebiT.

leqsis zog variantSi aris “mxrCobeli”, rac sworad ar migvaCnia. unda iyos

mrCobli (mrCobli suli).

“mrCobli” (17, 18 ieremia) ori, gina orkeci, ganmartavs sulxan-saba orbeliani

(11, 520).

Cvenis azriT, alvis xis ori _ mrCobli suli ase SeiZleba aixsnas: alvis xe

RmerTis simboluri saxelia, misi ori suli qristes orbunebovnebas _ kacurs da

RvTiurs unda niSnavdes. gavixsenoT leqsi: “modis, feTqs da izrdeba suli misi

mrCobeli, foTlebs ametistebiT faravs Seucnobeli”.

“Seucnobeli” mama RmerTis saxelia (12, 335).

leqsis Semdeg striqonebSi vlindeba alvis xis gadarCenis rwmena: “tbis guls

gadaxvevia mdumareba totebis, ocneba ar Cvevia qveynis gamocodebis. arc Sxamian

landebad ucems wyalTa gubeba. is ar Wleqiandeba, is ar daiRupeba”.

alvis xis gadarCenaSi rwmenis, sulierebis, sikeTis gadarCena igulisxmeba.

qveteqstebiT savsea leqsi “ar daRupula”, romelic mTebis, wyaros, gazafxulis,

aswlovani xeebis gadarCeniT gvagrZnobinebs isev rwmenisken mibrunebas, RmerTis

ZaliT arsebobis da wminda gonis gadarCenas: “me gadviare dRes Cveni mTebi, Cveni

maisis wkriala wyaro: Seni nazi xma da oqros Tmebi... dauviwyaro, dauviwyaro... ar

daRupula, isev iqave dgas aswlovanTa xeTa Cereba, guliT simRera ver Sevikave da

gadarCenis bedniereba” (5, 386).

mTa mariamis simboloa, lodi _ qristesi.

wkriala wyaro RmerTze mimaniSnebeli saxea saxarebis mixedviT, qriste aris

sicocxlis wyali, cocxali wyali (ioane, 7,38) (2, 194).

aswlovani xeebi eris sulia, romelic rwmenam gadaarCina.

magram satanisturi bolSevizmis epoqaSi gaugonari represiebis Sedegad

Seubraleblad imusreboda marTali xalxi da am borotebis reJisorebi iyvnen

apokalifsuri mxecebi: “saSinelia, igrZno uecrad, rom aRar dganan Zveli kaklebi.

Seni saxeli maT miuecrad, mxeci, arc meti da arc naklebi” (13, 447).

191

kaklebi isev xalxze migvaniSnebs, misi iavarqmnis reJisori mxeci ki _

apokalifsur mxecebze, romlis adresatebi iyvnen revoluciis beladad

saxeldebuli tiranebi – zRvis da miwis mxecebi (ioanes gamocxadeba, T. 13, 1, 11, 6,

506, 507).

zRvis mxecSi xalxTa masebidan mosuli lenini igulisxmeba, miwis mxecSi _

iatakqveSeli stalini (ioane-iona, apokalifsi da dRevandeloba (44, 411).

SemaZrwunebelia “dausrulebeli setyviT daRupuli yvavilebisa da venaxebis

xilva” (ar Rirs erT cremlad) (3, 302).

yvavilebi rwmenaa, venaxebi _ xalxi.

bibliaSi miwiuri baRisa da venaxis paralelurad gvxvdeba zeciuri baRi da

venaxi.

miwieri venaxi ebraeli xalxis simboloa: “cabaoT uflis venaxi israelis

saxli da iudas sisxlia, misi sanatreli nergi” (esaia, 5, 7,) (6, 76).

galaktionis leqsSi satanis saqmeebia “dausrulebeli setyva” _ uRmerTobis

dakanoneba da venaxebis _ xalxis sulis gatialeba.

magram dacemiT udabnos (urwmunoebas) ver daamarcxeb, unda gjerodes, rom

amaoa, warmavalia boroteba, rac iyo, ar niSnavs saboloo dabindebas (mzis

CasvliT, dabindebiTac migvaniSnebda poeti uRmerTobaze “mzis Casvla...”). mxolod

RmerTTan Serigeba moitans gamarjvebas, gvarwmunebda poeti: “Sen nu daecemi, Sen

nu SeSindebi, gulis udabnosTan brZolas eg ar igebs. yvela amaoa, jer ar

Sebinddeba, mxolod gamarjveba bedTan Segvarigebs”.

“SerigebaSi” (1, 53) mzis (RmerTis) da silamazis wyalobiT xdeba sikvdilTan

Serigeba, rac RmerTisken mibrunebas moaswavebs.

Tumca gazafxulze “rtoebs rtooba” ar etyobaT, “yinulis lodis” gadnobis

rwmena mainc aris leqsSi “adriani gazafxuli” (1, 255): “rogorc SeTqmulebs, Cven

ar gvaSinebs, rom ar etyobaT rtoebs rtooba, suls didi xnidan aSalaSinebs sxva

martooba”.

nergi, toti, rto uflis saxelia: “ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: “aviReb tots

maRali naZvidan da davrgav... maRal da asvetil mTaze davrgav” (ezekieli, 17, 22) (6,

208).

Waobze unotiesi sulis meoxebiT gacemuli qristes, misi ukanaskneli serobis

da jvarcmis warmodgenis Semdeg isev Cndeba caze varskvlavis gabrwyinebis rwmena:

“varskvlavi igi _ fiqrTa sagani _ erTi umravles varskvlavTagani, aelvardeba

caze odesme sulo, demonze uboroteso!” (xomalds mihyveba Tovlis madona) (3, 129).

varskvlavi qristes simboloa: “me var daviTis fesvi da STamomavali, ciskris

kaSkaSa varskvlavi” (ioanes gamocxadeba, 22, 16) (2, 521).

“Tovlis madona” mariamia: mariam RvTismSoblis italiuri saxelia madona.

macxovris dedisadmi miZRvnili religiuri dResaswaulebidan erT-erTi aris

Tovlis RvTismSoblis liturgikuli dResaswauli,... arsebobs aseTi legenda:

mesiis mSobeli Camohyva Tovls iq, sadac agebulia wm. mariamis taZari... xomaldi

alegoriulad taZars ganasaxierebs (15, 87-88).

rwmenis winaaRmdeg cecxliTa da maxviliT brZolis periodSi bunebrivi iyo

damsxvreuli gegmebis, xomaldebis, kreiserebis saxeTa Seqmna, magram, amave dros,

fiqrebTan Cans fregati, cisartyela, rogorc “imedebis xati” (wynari zRva).

192

“dmsxvreuli swrafvaTa navi”, ganadgurebis suraTebia irgvliv, magram “imedi

momxiblavi” isev cocxlobs da axal talRebs elis (viT grigalis Semdeg tye-

veli).

“muxebSi’ (1925 w.) gamxmari vazebis fonze beberi, ZvelisZveli muxebis siaxlea,

romelTac “momavlisaTvis siaxle aqvT xelSeuxebi _ axal qarTaTvis agebuli

mZlavri sasaxle”... (3, 414).

“kosmiur orkestrSi” (1926 w.) yuradRebas iqcevs “imedebi usazRvro da

gansazRvrul mxareTa”, siyvarulis, gazafxulis sixaruli: “es aris grZnoba kvlav

siyvarulTa, gadaqceuli sxvisTvis Waobad, es ocnebaa ferTa farulTa da

gazafxulis sanaxaoba” (2, 11, 9). siyvaruli saRvTo saxelia: “RmerTi siyvarulia”

(ioane, 4, 8) (2, 320).

gazafxuli, zafxuli bibliaSi moiazreba RmerTis saxed (fs. 64) (65, 12).

“ZveliZveli RvinoTi” Troba, yofniT Troba, cecxliT Troba (mTvralia yofniT,

mTvralia cecxliT) sxva araferia, Tu ara uzenaesis siyvaruli, radgan Zveli

Rvino, cecxli da yofna (sicocxle) saRvTo saxelebia (ZvelisZvel Rvinos) (1, 45).

mivmarToT wyaroebs.

“gaumarTavs cabaoT ufali yvela xalxs am mTaze nadims msuye kerZebiT, nadims

Zveli RviniT, Zveli dawmendili RviniT (esaia winaswarmetyveli, T. 25, 13).

cecxli saRvTo saxelia da momdinareobs gamosvlaTa wignidan. es saxe

pirvelad moses moevlina qoribis mTaze, sadac mayvals cecxli exveoda, magram

mayvali ar iwveboda (gamosvla, 2, 3,) (10, 59).

RmerTi saxarebaSi saxeldebulia, rogorc yofna, sicocxle: “uTxra iesom: “me

var gza, WeSmariteba da sicocxle” (ioane, 14, 6) (2, 211).

TasiT mirTmeuli wigni, maranSi mignebuli “Zvirfasi Rvino, ukvdavi Rvino

mianiSnebs RnerTisadmi interess, radgan Rvino, wigni, memarne aseve saRvTo

saxelebia leqsSi “mogoneba”.

wigni mama RmerTia bibliaSi, wignis sityva aris qriste: “iqneba mTeli es xilva,

rogorc dabeWdili wignis sityvebi..., “gaigoneben im dRes yruebi wignis sityvebs

da brmaTa Tvalebi bnelidan da ukunidan gamoixedaven” (esaia, 29, 11, 18) (6, 94).

netari avgustine ambobs “aRsarebaSi”: “arasdros ar daixeva maTi wigni,

arasdros ar aireva maTi gragnili imitom, rom TviT xar, ufalo, es wigni maTTvis

da am wignadve hgieb ukunisamde” (16, 217).

cxovrebis usamarTlobis, mware fialis, eklis gvirgvinis, sisxlis wil

“mSvenieri mzis” gabrwyinebis molodinia leqsSi “nu daumalav xalxs Sens iarebs”

(1, 341).

ara “mkvdari mzis”, mkvdradSobili, qaosze mdgari Tavisuflebis, aramed

“quxilis” siyvaruli vlindeba galaktionis poeziaSi: “quxilo, geliT, SenTan

vibrZolebT, gamoeqane, zvirTi dasZari! gvaxsovs: diliT mze amodioda, mkvdari

mze, Sen ki amoaswari!” (quxilo, geliT) (5, 102).

quxili saRvTo saxelia (9, 122).

RmerTs “klavdnen” satanistebi, magram igi kvlav cocxldeboda.

ocnebis navze ia-vardis gamococxlebiT, sixarulis qrolviT gvagrZnobinebs

galaktioni RmerTis movlinebas: “kvlav gamococxlda ia-vardi ocnebis navze,

ocnebis navze sixaruli dahqris vedrebiT” (mzis amosvla zRvaze).

193

“vardi” da “sixaruli” saRmrTo saxelebia, ia mariam RvTismSoblis metaforaa.

“ubiwoebiT Semkuli ia” ewodeba mariams vaxtang meeqvsis poeziaSi (7, 48).

poetis optimizmis wyaroa samyaroSi keTili sawyisebis maradiulobis,

wyaldidobis, niaRvrebis warmavlobis rwmena. “gazafxulis savse fiala”

(gazafxuli qristeze, fiala _ mariamze migvaniSnebs) niaRvris, wyaldidobis

Sedegad “gadmoitopa”, magram “wyalni wavidnen da wamovidnen, darCnen qviSani”.

leqsis lirikul gmirs xelT upyria “savse fiala” (fiala mariamis simboloa)

“mSvidobas” natrobs, niaRvrebis da wyaldidobis niSnebi ki “waSlilia”: “aswi

fiala, savse fiala! aqa mSvidoba! ra niaRvrebma gadigriala, ra wyaldidobam!”

(darCnen qviSani) (10, 15).

“axali yofnis”, ganaxlebis, “aRdgomis kvalis” molodinia leqsSi “axal wlis

Ramis” (5, 69).

“adre Tu gvian sicocxlis vardi bednierebad gadaiSleba” (grZnobaTa ferfli,

5, 54) gvarwmunebs poeti.

didi winaprebis darad, bnelis Crdils galaktionic amCnevda, magram sjeroda

saqarTvelos momavali: “gaifanteba Crdili gardamavali drois, saqarTveloSi

grZnobdes yoveli Cumi saxli” (drama erTi binisa).

mware, Suqmiuval dReebs, gauCinarebul qveyniur samoTxeebs isev Senacvlebia

edemTa msgavsi dReebi, gamarjvebaTa baRebi, vardebi, orxideebi, gvarwmunebs poeti:

“yofila mware dReebi, Suqmiuvali dReebi, gadalekilan, waSlilan am qveynis

samoTxeebi. kvalad mosulan dReebi, edemTa msgavsi dReebi, gamarjvebaTa baRebi,

vardebi, orxideebi”, ase abalansebs bnelisa da naTlis Widils avtori leqsisa

(yofila mware dReebi) (5, 178).

sulSi “uxilavis”, “varskvlavis”, “mTvaris”, “satrfos” Zieba qristianuli

RmerTis da RvTismSoblis gamudmebul Tayvaniscemas moaswavebs (xSirad vocnebob).

ara warmavalis, efemerulis, aramed “maradisi imedis”, “sxvagvari imedis”,

saukuneobrivisadmi interesia damaxasiaTebeli galaktionisTvis (“maradisi imedi”,

“megobars”). swored es xdeba sulis gawonasworebis sawindari.

bevri dabrkolebis, Cixis, xveulis gadalaxva, brZola, sikvdilis damarcxeba,

Seucnobis Secnoba uZRvis win gvirabis bolos sinaTlis mignebas, idealebis

gadarCenas: “gadagvilaxavs bevri sikvdili, bevri Secdoma da dabrkoleba, rom

Semdeg isev gadarCenisTvis, sicocxlisaTvis gvemRera qeba” (bevri Cixi, bevri

xveuli).

gana mxolod iisfrad an vardisfrad Tovda galaktionis xilvebSi, mas “Savi

TovliviT” aTovda “Wvartli da burusi Tavanis” (Semodgoma umanko Casaxebis

mamaTa savaneSi) (1-128) kosmiuri sicive azrobda, yinulis samefo, yinvis aTasi,

gayinuli mxedari, gayinuli guli zaravda, magram uzenaesis xeldasxmuli poeti

sZlevda grigalebs, mexis xarxaris, mas “axal-axal gambedaobas da gabedvebs”

aniWebda yovelgvari dabrkoleba, radgan esmoda “sixarulis uvertiura”, grZnobda

“alionTa sixaruls”, rac gamarjvebaSi arwmunebda: “Cveni gamarjveba mainc ueWvoa”

(o, Cemo Cango).

mxolod gadarCenis rwmeniT SeiZleboda daweriliyo maJoruli “iboboqre”,

“warwera xovles ornamentze”, romelic SiSis saboloo daZlevas, rwmenis, imedis

gamarjvebas gvamcnobs: “saukuneTa Tovlo iTovle! mainc dadneba eg naTovlari!”

(15, 374).

194

zogjer eWvi seravda suls, eWvi mebaRis (qristes) movlinebaze, inebebda Tu ara

igi codviT damZimebul samyaroSi isev mosvlas, xom ar daileweboda mwife

mtevnebi: “am mwife mtevnebs dalewavs qari, Tu mwifobisTvem Secvala dari, mebaRem

mosvla Tu ar ineba” (avdris molodini) (5, 82).

sxavaganc kiTxvis niSnebi Cndeboda am problemis irgvliv: “mova Tu ara, mova

Tu ara ! oxvriT kiTxulobs cecxlis SiSini”.

simboluri avdari, zamTari, Tovli, yinva, wyaldidoba, warRvna uvlida

qarTvelT savanes, rac gamoafxizlebda xalxs, gons moegeboda codvili adamiani,

moinaniebda da TviT gaignebda gzas uzenaesisken, ase sjeroda poets.

Tavisi didi winaprebiviT evedreboda galaktioni ufals RvTismSoblis

wilxvedri qveynis gadarCenas: “mze iveria, RvTismSoblis xvedri bednierebas misas

RmerTs vvedri, miec, ufalo, goni da Zala, rom aiSoros Sxamis fiala” (6, 88).

“goni da Zala!” _ ara erT-erTs, aramed orives mouxmobs poeti, roca ismeba

kiTxva: “magram ra gvelis an dRes an xvale?”

“mSvidobis wignSi” aSkarad Savia sicxade: “Ramea bneli, ganuzomeli,

ganuWvreteli” (17, 161), “midamos Tavze adgas satana” (17, 289).

vefxvi uxmod gatrunula tyeSi, dros elis, rom Sesaferis situaciaSi iskupos

da msxverpls mieparos. amitomac afrTxilebs poeti TanamemamuleT, “gonT

siZlieris”, “gamWriaxobis” fari ifaron xifaTSi myofebma: “, gazafxulisa Rameo

bnelo, xifaTSi myofo vazo da mdelo, Semoikribe gonT siZliere, Torem gvianRa

iqneba mere... gazafxulisa Ramea bneli, ganuzomeli, ganuWvreteli, es imas niSnavs,

rom ufro metad gamWriaxoba iyos imedad. exmaureba siaTs siaTi, rom Ralats

rasmes awyobs wyvdiadi...”

gadarCenis garantiaa sifxizle, mter-moyvris garCevis, borotisaTvis

winaaRmdegobis gawevis unari: “galavans gareT de grgvinavdes zRva, mteri sxva

aris da moyvare sxva. asea, Torem mterma meorem axlom Tu Sorem Tavis sityva

Tqva”.

gansacdels sWirdeba pasuxi, raTa gaqres Sxami da isev aenTos Camqrali

sanTlebi: “maSin ra vuyoT, mwared daRamda, dro upasuxod xom ar daamda. ganvida

Jami, dRes gahqra Sxami. ciskris wamwami ha, axamxamda”.

gadarCenis imedia nugeSi, gza (saRmrTo saxelebia): “silaRis eSxiT mziurTa

mdeloT ares nugeSiT Cven miveSveloT. avabibinoT igi salxinod, gza gamovfinoT,

farTed gavSaloT! aSene, darge, Cveni fazisi ufro kargi da ulamazesi gaxdeba

kvlavac. man ivarskvlava da gza ukvdavad ganvlo Tavisi”.

qristianuli RmerTi iyo Cveni xalxis Semwe yovelTvis, misiT ignebda igi

maradiul gzebs: “Cveni Zvirfasze Zvirfasi wigniT vidodiT ase gareT Tu SigniT.

naTeliT misiT wrfeliT, faqiziT Cven maradisiT gzebi gavigneT”.

“mSvidobis wignSi” napovnia uaryofili RmerTi, “wigni sicocxle, wigni

sindisi”, wigni cis da dedamiwis, rac gamoixateba “ciskris wamwamis axamxamebiT”

(ciskari saRmrTo saxelia), mzis movlinebiT, amis Semdeg damarcxda simboluri

Tovli, wyaldidoba, warRvna, gadarCa xeebi, “kvlav saRi Srialebs baRi da Zveli

daRi wignebis azis”.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom baRi kacuri bunebaa ipolite romaelis mixedviT,

cxadi gaxdeba, ratom aqvs baRs (xalxs) wignis (uzenaesis) daRi, misi

keTilismyofeli zegavlena.

195

RmerTis dakargvis da kvlav povnis, eris sazrisis Ziebis, rwmenis gadarCenis

himnia “mSvidobis wigni”: “dRes mSvidobis mze gaanaTebs gzebs, xalxs nugeSsa

scems imedT kandeli”.

eris ganTiadis, sinaTlis sagalobelia poemis bolo striqonebi: “vxedav,

diadad rom aw gaTenda, o, ganTiado dideba Senda. moedo agre gzas Jruanteli,

mainc ar Cahqra Cveni sanTeli... vambobT: es raca moxda, damaca, iyo raRaca Tovli,

fanteli” (17, 352).

momavlis winamgrZnobi poetis moimede striqonebiT mTavrdeba poema: “xvalis

dRis gvjera: Cveni alRoa Cveni simRera. sivrcea, droa, mze Tu qaria, rac

saxalxoa, utyuaria. gulo, damSviddi... mteri ganibnes, gvaqvs ganZi didi, ar varT

Raribni”... poeti gvmoZRvravs: “droa, SeiRos sibnelis kari, suli mze iyos da

guli-qnari, gza sanaqebo vadidoT, Zmebo!”

“damarcxda yvela gveli, wurbela, maT kacTa Telva vin mianeba?! mteri,

mzveravi... ise mogvarda, rom Sig veravin ver Semogvarda”.

naTelmsmen poets moesmis “xma saedemo”, qmnis “ganTiadis, Zlevis simReras”,

Soris Zaxili ganTiadis saxeliT afxizlebs: “misTvis cxadia Soris Zaxili

Tvalgasaxeli, romlis saxeli ganTiadia” (17, 276).

poema Seicavs Cveni xalxis gafrTxilebas: “Seigne talRaT ZalT siZliere,

Torem gvianRa iqneba mere” (17, 181).

“mSvidobis wignSi” xdeba veragi mtris avbediTi zraxvebis mxileba: “...mteri ar

aris morcxvi, rom ngreva-xocvis mas eSinodes” (17, 136), “kidec movalo Tqvens

asaklebad” (17, 241), “mihye, he, mihye, aba aiRe, rac Tqveni cixe da simagrea”.

wignis (rwmenis) qurdi saxeldebulia “satanad, mxecad, qajad”.

miTiTebulia “arawminda Tovlze”, romelic warmavalia.

“mTebze is Tovli _ Seni niSani _ warmavalia, Tumc mravalia _ wyalni

warvlian, rCeba qviSani ... Tovlo... Sen Seni sabralo Zala, ukanaskneli Seni

samsala gviCveno, ginda? o, arawminda! ginda mimovla, magram RvarebiT dneba is

Tovli mzis elvarebiT” (17, 132).

poema Seicavs mtris gafrTxilebas : “aq yovel eSmaks ujobs moeSvas Tvis

saTareSos da sanavardos” (17, 250).

nawarmoebi mTavrdeba wignis (RmerTis) povniT, zamTris damarcxebiT,

“saimqveynio” da “saamsoflo sios” maradiulobis rwmeniT: “zamTaro, gulis ase

damxSobo, ver SesZleb, sio rom gadaswio, saimqveynio da saamsoflo” (17, 131).

“ver dagvZlevs is sxva,... oblis kveri cxva” (17, 185).

magram mters surda “rame namceci miwis da zecis”... (17, 217), rac

winaswarmetyvelurad ganWvrita poetma.

“pirimzeSi” (ort. t. I, 1988, gv. 154) tkivilia imis gamo, rom gaiyves Zmebma moxuci

baRi (“Zmebi” Cveni moyvrad mosuli Crdiloeli mteria, baRi _ xalxi).

magram poetma ipova “Cveni dakarguli ca da Cveni miwis ametyveleba”, ipova

“grZnoba, romelic dakargula” (1, 282).

atmis rtos (rto RmerTis simboluri saxelia) gadarCenis SiSia leqsSi “atmis

rtoo, daRalulo rtoo” (1, 291).

Semdeg aris aRmosavleTis gaRviZeba (aRmosavleTi) (218-221).

nangrevebad qceuli soflis tkivilia leqsSi “es SeRameba” (5, 54).

“ukaro saxlis” kritikaa leqsSi “erTa liga” (5, 196).

196

poetis devizia “ganiaxle, ganiaxle” (1, 535-536).

rwmena aimedebs: “ar Sedrkeba, Sen nu wuxar, cad asuli didi muxa _

uflebisTvis Cvenma xalxma sisxli sisxlze daaduRa !” (mSveniero Cemo zeca) (1,

536).

samyaroSi cvalebadobas emorCileba adamiani, xiluli ca da planetebi, mTeli

kosmosi, maradiuli ki mxolod “caTa ca”, RmerTebis samyofeli da RmerTia,

“mSvidobis wignis”, “mSvidobis gzis” saxeebSi moazrebuli: “samSoblos win yovel

valTa moxdis, mSvidobis wigns gvirgvins vervin moxdis, mSvidobis gza rom odesme

mokvdes, ara, es ar SeiZleba moxdes” (yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes) (17, 558).

wonasworobis sawindaria “TeTri dReebi” da sulSi davanebuli “qaosis

mxatvari” (RmerTi) _ “dgeba TeTri dReebi” (1, 211).

galaktions Svenoda patiosneba, didi dRe (RmerTis rwmena), qveyniuri samoTxe

(mariami): “viT gSvenis patiosneba, es didi, es saamo dRe, o, mSveniero ocneba ! o,

qveyniuro samoTxe !” (13, 429).

“samoTxis hangebi”, “gadarCenis himni” ismoda galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi, ramac

poetebis mefes gamorCeuli adgili daumkvidra qarTul poeziaSi.

cxovrebis kanonzomierebaTa SecnobiT gamotanilia daskvna: “omsa cvlis

mSvidoba da ngrevas _ Seneba, sitlanqes sulisas cvlis sulis mSveneba, wyals _

Rvino, dRes _ Rame, sicxades Cveneba” (aq xilul ocnebas) (3, 676).

aswlovan xeTa gadarCenaSi eris sulis gadarCenas zeimobs poeti: “ar

daRupula, isev iqave dgas aswlovan xeTa Cereba; gulSi simRera ver Sevikave da

gadarCenis bedniereba” (ar daRupula) (3, 246).

analogiuri Tvalsazrisia mumlis gawyvetasa da muxis gadarCenaSi (mumli

wydeboda) (3, 685).

politikuri qveteqstis Semcvelia “saukuneTa Tovlis” dadnoba: “saukuneTa

Tovlo iTovle, mainc dadneba naTovlari” (warwera xovles ornamentze) (15, 374).

xomaldis gadarCenaSi rwmenis gadarCena moiazreba: “...xomaldi grigalebs

gadaurCa mravals (grigals, qariSxals vsvamT amis Semdeg) (5, 372).

“prologi asi leqsis” (3, 247) gvauwyebs “cecxlTa qartexilebisgan” qveynisa da

poetis gadarCenas: “...mxolod me erTi gadavrCi mgzavri, rom gamomevlo jer

arsmenili qartexilebi cecxlTa fenisa da mometana saqarTveloSi simRera qveynis

gadarCenisa”.

poetis mrwamsia: “rac aireva da daireva, rac daingreva, kvlav aSendeba”

(mSvidobis wigni) da es optimisturi daskvna mravalgzis meordeba: “iyo grigali,

iyvnen ngrevani, mainc gadarCa Crdili ramxela” (operis TeatrTan) (3, 243).

galaktioni “Cveni samSoblos sanaxavidan” xedavda “sicocxlis mizans,

sicocxlis sagans, Suqs mocimcimes” (Cemi gulia dRes es Savi zRva) (3, 329),

aRmosavleTidan Wvretda ara erTi da ori mzis amosvlas (ra damSvidebiT

gadavcqeri msoflio Relvebs” (5, 265).

galaktion tabiZe amaRlebul idealebs, saRvTo saxeebs qmnida da bolomde

darCa “samoTxis hangebis”, “saedemo xmis” moTayvane, iavarqmnili sulis,

iavarqmnili taZrebis gadasarCeni gzebis maZiebeli. Tavisi didi winaprebis darad,

dacemis mizezebi man uRmerTobaSi ipova da aRdgomis gzad uflisken mibruneba

dasaxa.

197

galaktioni naTelxilvis da naTelsmenis wyalobiT Wvretda “aryofnisa” da

“yofnis wignebis” saidumloebebs da Tavis qmediT erovnul ideologias

upirvelesad RmerTis mcnebebze aSenebda, dangreulis aRdgenaSi xarjavda Tavis

Zalisxmevas.

“rwmenis taxti” edga “epoqis geds” da “gaunelebel cecxlTa da qarTa” ukurnav

wylulebs rwmeniT amarcxebda, Tanamemamuleebs “mSvidobis wignad” saxeldebuli

RmerTisken mibrunebas STaagonebda: “vidgeT gareT Tu SigniT mxolod mSvidobis

wigniT... SevxvdeT momavlis xaliss mxolod mSvidobis wigniT” (sadac ar unda

viqneT).

galaktionis esqatologiur SexedulebebSi icvleba da ingreva ca, samyaro,

xdeba totaluri dabneleba, mTeli kosmosis cvlileba, adamianTa urTierTobebSi

zneobrivi Rirebulebebis gaufasureba, magram maradiuli rCeba RmerTi _

mSvidobis wigni, igi maradiulad gvirgvinmosilia, aseve ukvdavia mSvidobis gzad

moazrebuli RmerTi: “samSoblos win yovel valTa moxdis, mSvidobis wigns

gvirgvins vervin moxdis. mSvidobis gza rom odesme mokvdes, ara, es ar SeiZleba

moxdes” (yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes).

RmerTis mSvidobis wignad da mSvidobis gzad warmodgena dafuZnebulia Zvel da

axal aRTqmaze, RvTismetyvelTa naazrevze, sasuliero poeziaze.

“mSvidobis gzis” upirvelesi wyaro esaia winaswarmetyveli unda iyos: “aspitis

kvercxebs Cekaven da obobas ablabudas qsoven. mSvidobis gzebi maT ar uwyian”

(esaia, 59, 5).

galaktioni wuxda, rom “JamT mtveriT” ifareba wigni cis da dedamiwis”

(xelovneba).

aseve, maradiulia misi “Soreuli gazafxuli”, isev RmerTis sinonimi.

literatura




4. luara sordia, qristianuli saxismetyvelebis sakiTxebi meoce saukunis

qarTul poeziaSi, Tb. 2009.



7. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 3-9 aprili, 2009 w. # 12.





11. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, I, Tb. 1991.

2. ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema,

Tb. 2000.


198

14. ioane-iona, ra unda vakeToT, Tb. 1994.




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