Microscope

(Microscope)1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

2

Anton Van Leewenhoek

Robert Hooke

(Microscope)1. (Light Microscope)

2.

(Electron Microscope)- (Transmission EM: TEM)

- (Scanning EM: SEM) ?

LM

TEM

SEM

(Compound light microscope) (eye piece ocular)

(objective lens)

http://stang2.li.mahidol.ac.th/e_learning/BIO/microscope.htm

Jansen

Monocular microscope

Binocular microscope

compound light microscope

(objective lens) (eyepiece ocular) - - - -

(Compound Light Microscope)

Compound Light Microscope StageArm

Base

(stage)- - (mechanical stage) (slide or spring clip) - mechanical stage

Mechanical stage - stage motion

Stage motion

4. (body tube)

1 (mirror) (bulb) 2 (condenser)

Light source

Condenser

Switch /

3. Iris diaphragm condenser

(ocular lens eyepiece) (objective lens)

eyepiece

Objective lens

1. Ocular lens (Eyepiece):

Eyepiece 10X, 15X 25X

Interpupilary distance Binocular microscope

2. Objective lens:

Objectives 4X, 10X, 40X 100X ( oil)

4X = Low power obj. lens

10X = Medium power obj.lens40X = High power obj. lens 100X = Oil-immersion obj. lens

Revolving nosepiece and Aperture

objective lens N.A. (Mechanical Tube Length, mm) N.A. A = Numerical aperture ()

Cover Glass Thickness (mm)

Resolving powers Resolution (R)High Resolution R

objective lens

R

Medium Resolution

Low Resolution

Visible light = 550 nm N.A. e beam = 0.05 Ao R = 0.255 m 0.255 m Resolving power = 2 N.A. = 2 nsin

n = 1 = (nm) N.A. = Numerical aperture n = 1.33 n = n = 1.56 = n = 1.6

, NA

(Total Magnification)

= Objective x Eye piece =

(Elodea)

40X

100X

400X

stage Obj. lens

Working distance

Course adjustment

Fine adjustment

Ocular lens Body tube Objective lens

SpecimenCondenser lens

Diaphragm Light source

compound light microscope (condenser lens) (specimen) (objective lens) (eye pieces)

10X, 40X, 100X ( oil) (1o real image)

4X, 10X, 15X

(2o virtual image)

Bright field

Dark field

Phase contrast

Nomarski differential interference microscope

Dark-field microscope Phase contrast microscope

Bright-field microscope

Fluorescence microscope

Stereoscopic Microscope:

:

1. 2. Obj. lens ( 500,000X

0.2 M No /

0.0005 M Yes

LM EM