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UNIDAD EDUCATIVA

SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS COLORADOS

BACHILLERATO EN CIENCIAS

Monografía para la obtenc!n "el tít#lo "e bac$ller

C!%o nfl#&e la %ala al%entac!n en el ren"%ento aca"'%co "e lo( e(t#"ante( "e lo(

paralelo( )E* & )+* (ecc!n %at#tna "e la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(*

-re(enta"a por

.ernan"a I(abel Re%ac$e Galarraga

ERICK JOHAN SAAVEDRA PEÑAFIEL

Santo Do%ngo/ No,e%bre "el 0123

1



RESUMEN

Al e(c#c$ar $ablar (obre la %ala al%entac!n (e refere a la acc!n "e "a4ar o per5#"car la

(al#" & n#e(tro entorno/ a tra,'( "e %#c$a( %anera( 6#e el (er $#%ano lo p#e"e $acer (n (aber

el "a4o 6#e $ace a (# (al#" & a (# "e(e%pe4o aca"'%co7 En el pre(ente traba5o n,e(tgat,o (e

"ar8 a conocer (obre lo( "(tnto( factore( 6#e pro,ocan la %ala al%entac!n en lo( al#%no( "e

la Un"a" E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(7

To"o (er $#%ano no tene el conoc%ento "e lo 6#e (gnfca la "e(n#trc!n/ (e $ace

referenca a la e9(tenca "e %alo( $8bto( al%entco( 6#e ca#(an "a4o a lo( al#%no( "e la

Un"a" E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(7 Una "e la( con(ec#enca( "e la %ala

al%entac!n en lo( e(t#"ante(/ (e (abe 6#e e( prncpal%ente por %alo( $8bto( al%entco(7

La n,e(tgac!n e(tar8 enfoca"a %8( en lo 6#e e( la n#trc!n/ (#( antece"ente(/ lo(

proble%a( 6#e e9(ten "entro "e la nfanca/ la a"ole(cenca & la 5#,ent#" #tl:an"o t'cnca( ;no

%'"ca(; "e %e"c!n "e #na co%#n"a" e(t#"antl "el n,el preparatora "el e(ta In(tt#c!n7

N#e(tro plantea%ento "el proble%a (e ba(! en por6#e e(cog%o( el te%a 6#e f#e lo 6#e no(

ntere(! "el 'l & c#8l (e "eter%na el proble%a "entro la "e la (oce"a"/ real:an"o #na

n,e(tgac!n %#& "etalla"a "on"e (e ,en to"a( la( ,arante( "el te%a7

E(ta n,e(tgac!n real:ar8 el an8l(( (obre #n proble%a (ocal 6#e e(t8 afectan"o en

n#e(tra (oce"a"/ e(te te%a en el c#al e(t8 ba(a"a n#e(tra %onografía "e C!%o Infl#&e La Mala

Al%entac!n En El Ren"%ento Aca"'%co De Lo( E(t#"ante( De Lo( Tercero( A4o( De

Bac$llerato De Lo( -aralelo( )E* < )+* Secc!n Mat#tna De La Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo

Do%ngo Colora"o(*/ to%an"o co%o e(cenaro el e(ta pre(tgo(a n(tt#c!n "e la c#"a" "e

SANTO DOMINGO7

2

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En %#c$o( "e lo( ca(o( lo( a"ole(cente( "e5an "e e(t#"ar por proble%a( "e #na n#trc!n

correcta para po"er tener la( energía( & la( nece(ara( 6#e (e con(#%en a "aro "entro "e la

n(tt#c!n/ (en"o ,ola"o( lo( "erec$o( "e lo( a"ole(cente( 6#e "eben tener #na orentac!n 6#e

benefce (# "e(arrollo per(onal e ntelect#al7

En %#c$o( "e lo( ca(o( la %ala (t#ac!n econ!%ca 6#e e9(te en ,aro( $ogare( "e n#e(tro

paí( e( la prncpal ca#(a/ para 6#e ,aro( a"olecente( "e5en "e e(t#"ar o apr#eben con

proble%a( lo( n,ele( "e e(t#"o7

La concl#(!n e( el re(#lta"o "e la n,e(tgac!n pre(enta"a co%o re(p#e(ta ( e( certa o

fal(a/ & co%o (e lleg! a e(ta nfor%ac!n7

SUMMARY

Upon $earng abo#t t$e ba" foo" t refer( to t$e acton of "a%age or $ar% to $ealt$ an" o#r

en,ron%ent/ t$ro#g$ %an& =a&( t$at $#%an beng( can "o =t$o#t >no=ng t$e "a%age t "oe(

to t$er $ealt$ an" aca"e%c perfor%ance7 In t$( re(earc$ =or> =ll be relea(e" on ,aro#(

factor( ca#(ng %aln#trton n (t#"ent( of t$e E"#caton Unt Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(7

E,er& $#%an beng $a( t$e >no=le"ge of =$at t %ean( %aln#trton/ referrng to t$e

e9(tence of ba" eatng $abt( t$at ca#(e $ar% to t$e (t#"ent( of t$e E"#caton Unt Santo

Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o( ( %a"e7 One of t$e con(e6#ence( of poor n#trton n (t#"ent(/ (

>no=n to be %anl& b& poor eatng $abt(7

T$e re(earc$ =ll foc#( %ore on =$at ( n#trton/ cr%nal recor"/ t$e proble%( t$at e9(t n

c$l"$oo"/ a"ole(cence an" &o#t$ #(ng Me"call& %ea(#re%ent tec$n6#e( ;not a $g$ le,el of

(t#"ent co%%#nt& of t$( n(tt#ton7 O#r approac$ to t$e proble% =a( ba(e" on t$at c$o(e t$e

3



topc =a( =$at ntere(te" #( fro% $% an" =$at t$e proble% ( "eter%ne" =t$n t$e (ocet&/

%a>ng a ,er& t$oro#g$ n,e(tgaton =$ere all are ,araton( on t$e t$e%e7

T$( re(earc$ con"#cte" t$e anal&(( on a (ocal proble% affectng o#r (ocet&/ t$( (#b5ect on

=$c$ ( ba(e" o#r %onograp$ $o= t affect( poor "et n t$e aca"e%c perfor%ance of (t#"ent(

of t$r" &ear( of $g$ (c$ool of parallel ?E? An" ?+? Mornng Secton of t$e E"#caton Unt

?Colora"o( Santo Do%ngo?/ on t$e (tage on t$( pre(tgo#( n(tt#ton n t$e ct& of Santo

Do%ngo7

In %an& ca(e( teenager( "rop o#t of (c$ool "#e to proble%( of proper n#trton n or"er to

$a,e t$e nece((ar& energ& an" con(#%e" "al& n t$e n(tt#ton/ to be ,olate" t$e rg$t( of teenager( =$o ($o#l" $a,e an orentaton t$at beneft( t$er "e,elop%ent per(onal an"

ntellect#al7

In %an& ca(e( t$e poor econo%c (t#aton n %an& $o#(e$ol"( n o#r co#ntr& ( t$e %an

ca#(e/ to (top (t#"&ng (e,eral teenager( =t$ proble%( or appro,e le,el( of (t#"&7

T$e concl#(on ( t$e re(#lt of re(earc$ pre(ente" a( a re(pon(e f t ( tr#e or fal(e/ an" $o=

"" t$( nfor%aton7

4



ÍNDICE

27 -orta"a77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

07 Re(#%en7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

@7 n"ce777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 ,

7 Intro"#cc!n77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 2

727 Antece"ente(7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 0

707 #(tfcac!n777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 @

7@7 Ob5et,o(77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

7@727 Ob5et,o( e(pecífco(77

77 -reg#nta( "e n,e(tgac!n7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

CA-TULO I Marco Te!rco777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 3

CA-TULO II Marco Meto"ol!gco77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 2

CA-TULO III An8l(( "e re(#lta"o(77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 01

37 Concl#(one(7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 0F

F7 Reco%en"acone(77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 0

7 Bblografía777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 0

727 Ln>ografa 0

7 Ane9o( 0

ANEO 27 Aprobac!n "e plan "e la %onografía77777777777777777777777777777777777 0

ANEO 07 Enc#e(ta( real:a"a(77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 @1

5



4. INTRODUCCIÓN

Alg#no( ob(er,a"ore( $an nota"o #na %ala act,"a" aca"'%ca "e lo( a"olecente( en etapa

"e crec%ento 6#e no tenen #na "eta balancea"a & e6#lbra"a ante( "e r al colego tenen"o

c#atro ,ece( %8( probabl"a"e( "e #n ba5o "e(e%pe4o e(colar/ 6#e lo( a"olecente( 6#e ,an

al%ent8n"o(e "e %e5or %anera7

Lo( a"olecente( con proble%a( "e al%entac!n (on %8( propen(o( a tener p#nt#acone(

rreg#lare( & tenen el "oble "e probabl"a"e( "e (er coloca"o( en e"#cac!n e(pecal & cla(e( "e

ref#er:o7

)Una te(( 6#e n,ol#cr! a 22720 a"olecente( "e colego encontr! 6#e lo(

a"olecente( con %ala al%entac!n tenían (gnfcat,a%ente p#nta5e( %8( ba5o(

en la( pr#eba( "e %ate%8tca( & lect#ra 6#e a6#ello( a"olecente( (al#"able(/ pero

tale( re(#lta"o( "eben (er nterpreta"o( con ca#tela "eb"o a 6#e no (olo la %ala

al%entac!n e( la ca#(a "e e(ta ba5o ren"%ento* JM#4o:/ Re&e(/ Co,arr#ba( &

O(oro/ 22/ p7 0K7

El ren"%ento aca"'%co "efcente p#e"e tener %#c$a( ca#(a( (#b&acente(/ ncl#"a( la( "e

ba5o n,el (ocoecon!%co/ e"#cac!n "e lo( pa"re(/ la %ala n#trc!n & proble%a( fa%lare(7

Se real:! #n conteo "e lo( a"olecente( "eter%nan"o (# g'nero7 Encontran"o 211

a"olecente( entre F n4o( & 3 n4a(

6



Materal & M'to"o Se e%ple! el %'to"o c#anttat,o & "e(crpt,o con "(e4o "e gr8fco(

para "eter%nar c!%o nfl#&e la %ala al%entac!n en lo( a"olecente( 6#e (e enc#entran

reg#lar%ente en lo( tercero( a4o( "e bac$llerato "e lo( paralelo( )E* & )+* (ecc!n %at#tna "e

la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(*

El #n,er(o e(t#,o con(tt#"o por 211 per(ona( "e ,ara( e"a"e( & la %#e(tra f#e "e 31

al#%no(

T'cnca( e In(tr#%ento( Se #tl:! la( (g#ente( t'cnca( "e n,e(tgac!n La enc#e(ta 6#e

(e real:! a lo( al#%no( "e lo( paralelo( )E* & )+* "e la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo "e

lo( Colora"o(* 6#e f#eron n,e(tga"o(7 FORMULARIO DE ENCUESTA SOBRE LA CONDICIÓN

SOCIOECONÓMICA7

La fnal"a" e( nfor%ar (obre c!%o nfl#&e la %ala al%entac!n en el ren"%ento e(colar &

c#8n %portante e( en n#e(tra (oce"a"/ p#e( no( %antene act,o( & con energía/ e( por e(ta

ra:!n 6#e tene%o( 6#e en el pre(ente traba5o 6#e pongo a con("erac!n para 6#e (e "'

(eg#%ento a e(te proble%a (ocal "an"o #na (ol#c!n por parte "e la( a#tor"a"e( co%petente(

"e n#e(tra c#"a"

7



4.1. ANTECEDENTES

De("e la aparc!n "el $o%bre (obre la terra/ el tpo "e al%ento( 6#e '(te $a ten"o 6#e

ngerr para (# (#(tento/ $a ,ara"o a tra,'( "el te%po/ "eb"o a 6#e (e ,o oblga"o a #tl:ar

a6#ello( 6#e tenía %8( pr!9%o( & le era %8( f8cl obtener con la( e(ca(a( $erra%enta( 6#e

po(eía7 Se $a llega"o a la concl#(!n "e 6#e el $o%bre era carro4ero & practcaba el canbal(%o

& 6#e co%petía por (#( al%ento( con otro( an%ale( "e $8bto( al%entco( (%lare(7 En (#

an"ar en b#(ca "e ,í,ere(/ (e ba encontran"o n#e,o( tpo( a lo( 6#e (e ,eía oblga"o a a"ec#ar7

La "(ponbl"a" "e la ca:a %a&or ba "(%n#&en"o & tenía 6#e al%entar(e "e la ca:a %enor/

"el %ar(co Jen alg#na( 8rea(K & (obre to"o "e planta( co%e(tble(7 E(ta fa(e a"aptat,a e%pe:!

$ace #no( 2117111 a4o(

A pe(ar "e 6#e no (e "(pone "e nfor%ac!n e(pecífca (obre la relac!n 6#e e9(te entre

e(ta"o n#trconal & "e(e%pe4o e(colar/ (í (e tenen ele%ento( "e 5#co "er,a"o( "e e(t#"o(

%portante( (obre "e(n#trc!n & "e(arrollo ntelect#al7 De a$í la %portanca "e %antener #na

!pt%a n#trc!n & el e(t#"ante/ pre,enr la enfer%e"a" & a(eg#rar el "e(arrollo "el potencal

gen'tco "e ca"a n","#o/ %e"ante accone( "e a#to c#"a"o & pro%oc!n "e la (al#"7 En e(ta

tarea/ el conoc%ento 6#e (e tenga (obre la nterrelac!n "e n#trc!n/ (al#" & "e(arrollo

ntelect#al/ tanto a n,el "e la fa%la co%o "e la( n(tt#cone( re(pon(able( "e la (al#" "e lo(

a"ole(cente(/ (er8 factor b8(co para a(eg#rar la ncorporac!n nor%al "el e(t#"ante "e la

Un"a" E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(7

8



4.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN

La Con(tt#c!n "e la Repblca "el Ec#a"or pror:a el "e(arrollo ntegral "e lo( n4o(/ n4a(

& a"ole(cente(/ & a(eg#ra el pleno goce "e (#( "erec$o( a la ,e:/ el C!"go Org8nco "e la N4e:

& A"ole(cenca/ ob(er,a%o( ,aro( "erec$o( reconoc"o( a lo( n4o(/ n4a( & a"ole(cente(/ entre

'(to( la ntegr"a"/ la (eg#r"a"/ la partcpac!n/ etc7

La pre(ente n,e(tgac!n preten"e %o(trar la nfl#enca entre el e(ta"o n#trconal "e lo(

e(t#"ante( & el ren"%ento e(colar en #na n(tt#c!n pblca7

Con lo( re(#lta"o( "e e(ta n,e(tgac!n/ (e preten"e "entfcar el e(ta"o n#trconal "e lo(

a"ole(cente( "e lo( tercero( a4o( "e bac$llerato "e lo( paralelo( )E* & )+* (ecc!n %at#tna "e

la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo Colora"o(*/ con el fn "e orentar a lo( pa"re( "e fa%la

(obre lo( gr#po( n#trconale( 6#e re6#ere (# $5o7

La %portanca "el con(eg#r 6#e lo( a"ole(cente( e(t'n en #n e(ta"o !pt%o para (#

"e(e%pe4o e(colar7 -or lo anteror/ e9p#e(to e( %portante con("erar a la poblac!n e(t#"antl/

p#e(to 6#e e( la %8( afecta"a/ "eb"o a la poca atenc!n "e lo( pa"re(/ & (obre to"o "on"e (e

for%an lo( $8bto( 6#e %anten"r8n el re(to "e (# ,"a7

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4.3. OBJETIVOS GENERALES

E,al#ar/ "eter%nar & e(tablecer por %e"o "e #na enc#e(ta/ co%o nfl#&e la %ala

al%entac!n en el ren"%ento e(colar "e lo( a"ole(cente( "e lo( tercero( a4o( "e bac$llerato "e

lo( paralelo( )E* & )+* (ecc!n %at#tna "e la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo Colora"o(*/ a

fn "e e(tablecer la( ca#(a( & con(ec#enca(/ (en"o e(te proble%a & #n atropello a la( garantía(

con(tt#conale(/ la( %(%a( protegen a e(te gr#po ,#lnerable7

1.1.1.4.3.1. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS

Conocer 6#' e( la n#trc!n & en 6#' con((te7

Deter%nar el n,el "e n#trc!n "e lo( al#%no(7

Deter%nar ( el n,el "e n#trc!n e(t8 relacona"o con el "e(e%pe4o e(colar7

B#(car #n plan "e acc!n para 6#e lo( e(t#"ante( %e5ore( (#( $8bto( al%entco(7

A",ertr a lo( e(t#"ante( la( ca#(a( & con(ec#enca( "e #na %ala al%entac!n7

Concent:ar a lo( e(t#"ante( por %e"o "e orentac!n7

1.1.2.4.4 PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

P#' pro,ocan lo( %alo( $8bto( al%entco(Q

P#' factore( nfl#&en en lo( %alo( $8bto( al%entco(Q

10



C!%o po"e%o( e,tar lo( %alo( $8bto( al%entco(Q

-or 6#' e( %portante #na b#ena al%entac!nQ

C!%o afectan lo( %alo( $8bto( al%entco( en lo( e(t#"ante( "e la Un"a" E"#cat,a

Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(Q

CAPÍTULO I MARCO TEÓRICO

Con el prop!(to "e "(poner "e #na ,(!n act#al:a"a "el e(ta"o n#trconal "e la poblac!n

e(t#"antl/ (e $a real:a"o en lo( a4o( rec'n pa(a"o( #na (ere "e enc#e(ta( & e(t#"o( "e

ca%po/ en ,rt#" "e 6#e no e9(ten e(ta"í(tca( contn#a( "e cobert#ra naconal 6#e per%tan

%e"r cabal%ente la %agnt#" "e la "e(n#trc!n en Ec#a"or7

En oct#bre "e 2 (e lle,! a cabo la e,al#ac!n "e lo( re(#lta"o( & "e la( per(pect,a( "e lo(

prncpale( progra%a( al%entaro( & n#trconale( 6#e operan en Santo Do%ngo "e lo(

T(ac$la(7 Alg#no( "e e(to( progra%a( alcan:aron (#( ob5et,o( prncpal%ente en %atera "e

cobert#ra7 Sn e%bargo/ (e $:o e,"ente 6#e en la %a&oría "e lo( pro&ecto( la cal"a" & el logro

"e ob5et,o( e(encale(/ tale( co%o la a#to(#fcenca al%entara & el abat%ento "e la

"e(n#trc!n "e gr#po( e(t#"antle(/ no $abían ("o !pt%o(

En la n,e(tgac!n elabora"a "e la (t#ac!n n#trconal en la pro,nca/ & la real:ac!n "e

entre,(ta( con per(ona( n,ol#cra"a( en la operac!n "e lo( progra%a( ante( %encona"o(/ (e

$:o e,"ente 6#e en el pa(a"o ta%b'n $an e9(t"o falla( pro,enente( "e la for%#lac!n &

aplcac!n "e lo( progra%a( a((tencale( en Ec#a"or7

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http://www.monografias.com/trabajos54/la-investigacion/la-investigacion.shtml


http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/recoldat/recoldat.shtml#entrev



http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/recoldat/recoldat.shtml#quees

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/estadistica/estadistica.shtml


http://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/conce/conce.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/Computacion/Programacion/







En re(#%en/ la falta "e n"ca"ore( efcente( "e la (t#ac!n n#trconal $a "a"o co%o

re(#lta"o 6#e no e9(ta #na "entfcac!n clara/ & 6#e por tanto la( nter,encone( no (e orenten

con prec(!n7 En la %e""a 6#e no e(t' ben c#antfca"a & local:a"a la "e%an"a "e a&#"a para

poblacone( con (t#ac!n n#trconal gra,e/ la oferta "e (er,co( al%entaro( & n#trconale(

ta%poco (er8 efect,a7

Act#al%ente la( prncpale( proble%8tca( (on

N#e,o( proble%a( acec$an a la 5#,ent#" "eb"o al %pacto "e la caí"a "e preco( "e lo(

pro"#cto( b8(co(/ la "e#"a "el tercer %#n"o/ el a#%ento "e la( fa%la( pobre(/ la "(%n#c!n

global:a"a "e la n,er(!n pblca en en(e4an:a en la( "o( tercera( parte( "el %#n"o "e5an"o a

ca( 2@1 %llone( "e n4o( "el %#n"o en "e(arrollo (n la e(peran:a "e la e"#cac!n7

Alre"e"or "e 27111 %llone( "e per(ona( (on analfabeta(/ e( "ecr/ #n (e9to "e la poblac!n

%#n"al/ "e la( c#ale( lo( "o( terco( (on %#5ere(7

La "e(n#trc!n pro,oca la %a&oría "e la( ca#(a( "e %ortal"a" nfantl & #no "e ca"a tre(

n4o( e(t8 "e(n#tr"o7

La ,olenca contra la nfanca/ lo( "e(a(tre( nat#rale( & la e9plotac!n (e9#al "e la nfanca

afecta a ,aro( %le( "e %llone( "e n4o( & n4a( en el %#n"o (#b"e(arrolla"o7

1. BASES TEÓRICAS

1.1. NUTRICIÓN

La n#trc!n e( la cenca encarga"a "el e(t#"o & %anten%ento "el e6#lbro $o%eo(t8tco

"el organ(%o a n,el %olec#lar & %acro ((t'%co/ garant:an"o 6#e to"o( lo( e,ento(

f(ol!gco( (e efecten "e %anera correcta/ logran"o #na (al#" a"ec#a"a & pre,nen"o

12

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/ofertaydemanda/ofertaydemanda.shtml


http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/verific-servicios/verific-servicios.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/cntbtres/cntbtres.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/metodos-ensenanza/metodos-ensenanza.shtml


http://www.monografias.com/Educacion/index.shtml



http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/la-violencia/la-violencia.shtml



http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/verific-servicios/verific-servicios.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/cntbtres/cntbtres.shtml



http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/la-violencia/la-violencia.shtml



enfer%e"a"e(7 Lo( proce(o( %acro ((t'%co( e(t8n relacona"o( a la ab(orc!n/ "ge(t!n/

%etabol(%o & el%nac!n7 < lo( proce(o( %olec#lare( o %cro ((t'%co( e(t8n relacona"o( al

e6#lbro "e ele%ento( co%o en:%a(/ ,ta%na(/ %nerale(/ a%no8c"o(/ gl#co(a/

tran(porta"ore( 6#í%co(/ %e"a"ore( bo6#í%co(/ $or%ona( etc7

La n#trc!n ta%b'n e( la cenca 6#e e(t#"a la relac!n 6#e e9(te entre lo( al%ento( & la

(al#"/ e(pecal%ente en la "eter%nac!n "e #na "eta7

El crec%ento "el cerebro "epen"e "e tale( n#trente(/ en la cal"a" co%o en la cant"a"

(#fcente(7 Una falta (o(ten"a "e carbo$"rato(/ proteína( & líp"o( o #na n(#fcenca "e lo(

%(%o( %pactan (gnfcat,a%ente la potencal"a" $ere"a"a para el apren":a5e7

A#n6#e certa%ente no (e "(pone "e e,"enca( e9per%entale( controla"a( (obre la relac!n

"e ca#(a & efecto entre la "e(n#trc!n & el ren"%ento e(colar/ (í e( po(ble e(tablecer la

e9(tenca "e n"co( 6#e ap#ntan en "c$a "recc!n7

La palabra ?n#trente? o ?n#tr%ento? e( #n t'r%no a%plo 6#e "e(crbe to"a( la( (#(tanca(

al%entca( #(a"a( por el c#erpo para a(eg#rar #n "e(arrollo nor%al & %antener #na b#ena

(al#"7 El concepto/ (n e%bargo/ p#e"e ","r(e en "o( gr#po( "ferenca"o( "e co%ponente(

al%entaro(

Macron#trente( Mcron#trente(7

1.1.1. MACRONUTRIENTES

N#trente( re6#er"o( en gran"e( cant"a"e( por el organ(%o $#%ano & 6#e a"e%8( aportan

la energía nece(ara para la( ",er(a( reaccone( %etab!lca(/ a(í co%o con(tr#cc!n "e te5"o(/

((te%a( & %anten%ento "e la( f#ncone( corporale( en general7 Entre ello( tene%o(

13



Glc"o( Son co%p#e(to( org8nco( 6#e con(tan "e carbono/ $"r!geno & o9ígeno7 En (#

for%a %8( (%ple/ la f!r%#la general e( CnH0nOn7 Varían "e("e a:care( J(ac8r"o(K (%ple( 6#e

contenen "e @ a 8to%o( "e carbono $a(ta polí%ero( %#& co%ple5o(7 Son cla(fca"o( por el

n%ero "e %ol'c#la( "e a:car Mono(ac8r"o( Jco%o la gl#co(a & fr#cto(aK/ D(ac8r"o( Jco%o

la (acaro(a & lacto(aK/ Olgo(ac8r"o( & pol(ac8r"o( Jco%o el al%"!n/ gl#c!geno & cel#lo(aK7

Lo( glc"o( en el c#erpo $#%ano f#nconan prncpal%ente en la for%a "e gl#co(a/ a#n6#e

#no( c#anto( tenen %portanca e(tr#ct#ral7 Con(tt#&en la f#ente %a&or "e energía7 Ca"a gra%o

pro"#ce +cal/ (n %portar la f#ente7 La gl#co(a e( n"(pen(able para %antener la ntegr"a"

f#nconal "e lo( te5"o( ner,o(o(/ a(í co%o e( nece(ara para el %etabol(%o nor%al "e la(gra(a(7

La f#ente prncpal "e glc"o( (e orgna en la "eta/ en al%ento( "e orgen ,egetal/ con

e9cepc!n "e la lacto(a Ja:car "e la lec$eK7 -lanta( co%o cereale(/ fr#ta(/ ,er"#ra(/ a(í co%o

a:car "e %e(a7

-roteína( (on co%ponente( org8nco( confor%a"o( g#al%ente por carbono/ $"r!geno &

o9ígeno/ pero ta%b'n contenen alre"e"or "e 2F "e ntr!geno/ 5#nto con a:#fre & en oca(one(

otro( ele%ento( co%o f!(foro/ $erro & cobalto La ba(e "e (# e(tr#ct#ra con((te en a%no8c"o(

Jco%p#e(to( org8nco( confor%a"o( por #n gr#po a%no JNH0K & #n gr#po carbo9lo JCOOHKK/

#n"o( por enlace( peptí"co( El organ(%o no p#e"e (ntet:ar alg#no( "e e(to( a%no8c"o(

Jlla%a"o( a%no8c"o( e(encale(K & la "eta "ebe (er (#ple%enta"a con e(to( a%no8c"o(7

La( proteína( (on fraccona"a( a tra,'( "e la "ge(t!n por protea(a( $a(ta con,ertrla( en

a%no8c"o( lbre(7

14



La( proteína( "e la "eta partcpan en la (ínte(( "e te5"o proteco/ en proce(o( anab!lco(/

para con(tr#r & %antener lo( te5"o( corporale(7 Ta%b'n aportan energía al pro,eer +calgr7

Sn e%bargo/ (on con("erable%ente %8( cara(/ tanto por el ga(to co%o por la cant"a" "e

energía re6#er"a para (# %etabol(%o7 Ta%b'n 5#egan #n papel e(tr#ct#ral no (olo en lo(

te5"o( (no en la for%ac!n "e en:%a(/ $or%ona( & ,aro( lí6#"o( corporale(7 Inter,enen en el

((te%a n%#ntaro & en el tran(porte "e gra(a( o trglc'r"o( Jlpoproteína(K/ entre otra(

f#ncone(72La( f#ente( prncpale( "e la( proteína( la( con(tt#&en alg#no( al%ento( "e orgen

an%al J%#& e(pecal%ente la carneK/ leg#%bre( & fr#to( (eco(7 S ben/ %#c$o( al%ento( tenen

cant"a"e( "e proteína( aprecable(/ co%o la pa(ta & el arro:7 No ob(tante/ la %a&oría "eal%ento( tenen alg#na cant"a" "e proteína(7 JROCHEK

1.1.2. MICRONUTRIENTES

S#(tanca( 6#e el organ(%o "e lo( (ere( ,,o( nece(ta en pe6#e4a( "o((7 Son n"(pen(able(

para lo( "ferente( proce(o( bo6#í%co( & %etab!lco( "e lo( organ(%o( ,,o( & (n ello(

%orrían7 De(e%pe4an %portante( f#ncone( catal:a"ora( en el %etabol(%o co%o cofactore(

en:%8tco(/ al for%ar parte "e la e(tr#ct#ra "e n#%ero(a( en:%a( Jgr#po( pro(t'tco(K o al

aco%pa4arla( Jcoen:%a(K7 E9(ten otro( %cron#trente( co%o el :nc/ el 8c"o f!lco/ el calco

& to"a( la( ,ta%na( & %nerale(7

1.2. LAS VITAMINAS

La( ,ta%na( (on co%p#e(to( $eterog'neo( %pre(cn"ble( para la ,"a/ 6#e al ngerrlo( "e

for%a e6#lbra"a & en "o(( e(encale( pro%#e,en el correcto f#ncona%ento f(ol!gco7 La

15



%a&oría "e la( ,ta%na( e(encale( no p#e"en (er (ntet:a"a( Jelabora"a(K por el organ(%o/

por lo 6#e '(te no p#e"e obtenerla( %8( 6#e a tra,'( "e la nge(ta e6#lbra"a "e ,ta%na(

conten"a( en lo( al%ento( nat#rale(7 La( ,ta%na( (on n#trente( 6#e 5#nto a otro( ele%ento(

n#trconale( actan co%o catal:a"ora( "e to"o( lo( proce(o( f(ol!gco( J"recta e

n"recta%enteK7

La( ,ta%na( (on prec#r(ora( "e coen:%a(/ Ja#n6#e no (on propa%ente en:%a(K gr#po(

pro(t'tco( "e la( en:%a(7 E(to (gnfca/ 6#e la %ol'c#la "e la ,ta%na/ con #n pe6#e4o

ca%bo en (# e(tr#ct#ra/ pa(a a (er la %ol'c#la act,a/ (ea '(ta coen:%a o no7

Lo( re6#(to( %ín%o( "aro( "e la( ,ta%na( no (on %#& alto(/ (e nece(tan tan (olo "o((

"e %lgra%o( o %crogra%o( conten"a( en gran"e( cant"a"e( Jproporconal%ente $ablan"oK

"e al%ento( nat#rale(7 Tanto la "efcenca co%o el e9ce(o "e lo( n,ele( ,ta%ínco( corporale(

p#e"en pro"#cr enfer%e"a"e( 6#e ,an "e("e le,e( a gra,e( e ncl#(o %#& gra,e( co%o

la pelagra o la "e%enca entre otra(/ e ncl#(o la %#erte7 Alg#na( p#e"en (er,r co%o a&#"a a la(

en:%a( 6#e actan co%o cofactor/ co%o e( el ca(o "e la( ,ta%na( $"ro(ol#ble(

La "efcenca "e ,ta%na( (e "eno%na a,ta%no((/ no ?$po,ta%no((?/ %entra( 6#e el

n,el e9ce(,o "e ,ta%na( (e "eno%na $per,ta%no((7

E(t8 "e%o(tra"o 6#e la( ,ta%na( "el gr#po ?B? Jco%ple5o BK (on %pre(cn"ble( para el

correcto f#ncona%ento "el cerebro & el %etabol(%o corporal7 E(te gr#po e( $"ro(ol#ble

J(ol#ble( en ag#aK "eb"o a e(to (on el%na"a( prncpal%ente por la orna/ lo c#al $ace 6#e (ea

nece(ara la nge(ta "ara & con(tante "e to"a( la( ,ta%na( "el co%ple5o ?B?

16



270727 CLASI.ICACIN DE LAS VITAMINAS

La( ,ta%na( (e p#e"en cla(fcar (egn (# (ol#bl"a" ( lo (on en ag#a $"ro(ol#ble( o ( lo

(on en líp"o( lpo(ol#ble(7 En lo( (ere( $#%ano( $a& 2@ ,ta%na(/ $"ro(ol#ble( J "elco%ple5o B & la ,ta%na CK & lpo(ol#ble( JA/ D/ E & +K7

270707 -ROBLEMAS DE NUTRICIN

Lo( proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ (e "eben a %#c$a( ca#(a( co%o #na %ala n#trc!n/ a

ncon,enente( econ!%co( & (ocale(/ a la pobre:a & en certo %o"o a la gnoranca7 To"o e(to

trae con(go gra,e( & (ero( "e(e6#lbro(/ por la falta "e n#trente( 6#e n#e(tro c#erpo nece(ta

para lograr #n "e(arrollo fí(co & %ental a"ec#a"o7 C#al6#er al%ento 6#e con(#%%o( no(

(r,e para obtener energía/ para n#e(tro "e(arrollo corporal/ para protegerno( "e enfer%e"a"e( &

%antenerno( (e%pre (ano(7 E( #n n#trente per%anente/ 6#e nece(ta%o( para ,,r7 Ta%b'n lo(

proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ (e "eben a 6#e no nger%o( lo( al%ento( a"ec#a"o( 6#e no( brn"an

la( ,ta%na(/ gra(a(/ carbo$"rato(/ %nerale(/ proteína( & ag#a 6#e nece(ta%o(7 E( %portante

real:ar la( co%"a( en for%a ,ara"a ncl#&en"o to"o a6#ello 6#e no( a&#"a a n#e(tro

"e(arrollo7

Alg#no( "e lo( proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ (e pre(enta en ca(o( "e "'fct o e9ce(o( "e n#trente(

en la al%entac!n 6#e realce%o(7

S $abla%o( "e la ,ta%na C/ la falta "e ella/ p#e"en pre(entar gra,e( proble%a( "e n#trc!n

co%o le(one( en la pel/ retar"o en el crec%ento/ entre otra( co(a(/ co%o ta%b'n el e9ce(o

p#e"e traer "olore( en lo( $#e(o(/ proble%a( "e ,(!n etc7 Lo( e9ce(o( "e gra(a( en lo(

al%ento( p#e"en traer gra,e( proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ co%o "fc#lta"e( car"íaca(/

artero(clero((/ c8ncer "e tero/ pr!(tata & %a%a( & (obrepe(o7 Otro( "e lo( "e(e6#lbro( 6#e

17



ca#(an lo( proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ e( la falta "e $erro en n#e(tro organ(%o/ pro,ocan"o

ane%a/ fatga & gra,e( ncon,enente( en la concentrac!n & en e9ce(o oca(ona proble%a( "e

e(tre4%ento7 J$ttp===7n#trconnat#ral7nfocon(e5o(proble%a(;"e;n#trcon7$t%l/ 0113K

1.2.3. PROBLEMAS DE NUTRICIÓN EN LA EDAD PREESCOLAR! ESCOLAR Y

ADOLESCENCIA.

Lo( proble%a( "e n#trc!n nfantl/ (e "an por #na (ere "e factore(/ #no "e ello( e( 6#e

(e%pre 6#eren co%er lo %(%o & rec$a:an alg#na( co%"a( prepara"a( con ,er"#ra( &

preferen co%er #n po(tre a #na fr#ta/ por e(o para %e5orar la n#trc!n/ e( fo%entar b#eno(

$8bto( "e al%entac!n "e("e pe6#e4o(/ para lograr #n "e(arrollo (ano/ no (olo en la parte fí(ca

(no ta%b'n %ental7 E( %portante ncorporar en for%a pa#latna "eter%na"o( al%ento( co%o

la( fbra(/ la( leg#%bre(/ la( $ortal:a(/ la( fr#ta( para e,tar entonce( proble%a( "e n#trc!n

f#t#ra(7

En la a"ole(cenca lo( proble%a( "e n#trc!n (on otro(/ por6#e (#( $8bto( al%entco( ,an

ca%ban"o & e%pe:an a con(#%r la "eno%na"a co%"a )c$atarra*/ & e( %8( "fícl 6#e

ncorporen lec$e o pro"#cto( l8cteo(/ co%o otro( al%ento( "e orgen ,egetal & an%al7

En general/ lo( a"ole(cente( (on %#& act,o( & (# crec%ento e( r8p"o/ e( por e(ta ra:!n la

%portanca "e #na co%"a rca en %nerale(/ gra(a(/ proteína(/ carne( & carbo$"rato(/ para

e,tar f#t#ra( enfer%e"a"e(7

La cant"a" "e caloría( & proteína( 6#e nece(ta #n 5o,en "epen"e "e (# e"a"/ pe(o & e(tat#ra7

La cant"a" "e caloría( & proteína( 6#e (on nece(ara( para el "e(arrollo a"ec#a"o "e la per(ona/

e( %a&or ( real:a( act,"a" fí(ca ,goro(a7 Ac#"e a t# centro "e (al#" para (aber c#8l (ería el

18



pe(o "eal en ca"a #na "e la( fa(e( "el crec%ento7 E(to p#e"e a&#"ar a (aber c#8nta( caloría( (e

"ebe "e ngerr para al%entar(e (ana%ente7

Lo %(%o (#ce"e en lo( a"#lto( o per(ona( "e e"a" a,an:a"a #na %ala al%entac!n ,a traer

en con(ec#enca proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ 6#e (e ,er8n la( carenca( c#an"o lo( !rgano( no

f#nconen con reg#lar"a"7

La obe("a" e( #no "e lo( proble%a( "e n#trc!n/ a ,ece( %#& "fícle( "e tratar/ por6#e no

(olo (e "ebe e6#lbrar la( nge(ta & la( proporcone( (no 6#e "ebe ncorporar al%ento( %8(

n#trt,o( & con poca( gra(a(/ e(te tpo "e enfer%e"a" no per%te a la per(ona po"er tener #na

,"a act,a &a 6#e por (# (obre pe(o (e per"e la %o,l"a"7

En lo( lt%o( a4o(/ (e $an pro"#c"o %portante( ca%bo( en el e(tlo "e ,"a "e la

poblac!n/ lo 6#e $a con"#c"o a alteracone( en la al%entac!n "e n4o( & a"ole(cente(7

D#rante la( etapa( pree(colar & e(colar (e ,a "e(arrollan"o el g#(to al%entaro 6#e "epen"e/

(obre to"o/ "e la( nfl#enca( (ococ#lt#rale(7 Ta%b'n/ (e pro"#ce la %a"#rac!n "el a#tocontrol

"e la nge(ta al%entara7

Segn "ferente( e(t#"o( real:a"o( en n#e(tro paí(/ (e ob(er,a 6#e lo( n4o( & a"ole(cente(

pre(entan #n "e(e6#lbro n#trconal/ con a#%ento en el aporte "e líp"o( & proteína(/ pero con

n(#fcente aporte "e $"rato( "e carbono co%ple5o(7 Ta%b'n/ (e $an reporta"o ba5a( nge(ta(

"e "eter%na"a( ,ta%na( & %nerale(7 D#rante la nfanca & a"ole(cenca/ e( e(encal #n

a"ec#a"o aporte n#trconal & e(to (e p#e"e lograr %e"ante #na "eta ,ara"a & e6#lbra"a7

Lo( profe(onale( (antaro( oc#pan #na po(c!n e(trat'gca para/ en colaborac!n con la

fa%la/ la e(c#ela & lo( %e"o( "e co%#ncac!n/ real:ar e"#cac!n para la (al#"/ fo%entan"o

$8bto( n#trconale( a"ec#a"o( para pre,enr proble%a( act#ale( & f#t#ro(7

19



Dentro "e la n#trc!n para lo( 5!,ene( (e encontr! en pro%e"o 6#e cant"a" "e proteína( &

caloría( "eben "e con(#%r7

Caloría(

De 20 a 2 a4o( apro9%a"a%ente 3 a 33 caloría( por >logra%o "e pe(o

De 23 a 2 a4o( apro9%a"a%ente 1 a 3 caloría( por >logra%o "e pe(o7

-roteína(

De 20 a 2 a4o( apro9%a"a%ente 2 gra%o por >logra%o "e pe(o

De 23 a 2 a4o( apro9%a"a%ente 17 gra%o( por >logra%o "e pe(o JMc$oac8n/ 0122K

1.2.4. DESEMPEÑO ESCOLAR

El ren"%ento aca"'%co refle5a el re(#lta"o "e la( "ferente( & co%ple5a( etapa( "el proce(o

e"#cat,o & al %(%o te%po/ #na "e la( %eta( $aca la( 6#e con,ergen to"o( lo( e(f#er:o( &

to"a( la( ncat,a( "e la( a#tor"a"e( e"#caconale(/ %ae(tro(/ pa"re( "e fa%la & al#%no(7 No

(e trata "e c#anta %atera $an %e%or:a"o lo( e"#can"o (no "e c#anto "e ello $an ncorpora"o

real%ente a (# con"#cta/ %anfe(t8n"olo en (# %anera "e (entr/ "e re(ol,er lo( proble%a( &

$acer o #tl:ar co(a( apren""a(7 La co%probac!n & la e,al#ac!n "e (#( conoc%ento( &

capac"a"e(7 La( nota( "a"a( & la( e,al#acone( tenen 6#e (er #na %e""a ob5et,a (obre el

e(ta"o "e lo( ren"%ento( "e lo( al#%no(7 El ren"%ento e"#cat,o lo con("era%o( co%o el

con5#nto "e tran(for%acone( opera"a( en el e"#can"o/ a tra,'( "el proce(o en(e4an:a ;

apren":a5e/ 6#e (e %anfe(ta %e"ante el crec%ento & enr6#ec%ento "e la per(onal"a" en

for%ac!n7 El ren"%ento e"#cat,o (ntet:a la acc!n "el proce(o e"#cat,o/ no (olo en el

a(pecto cogno(ct,o logra"o por el e"#can"o/ (no ta%b'n en el con5#nto "e $abl"a"e(/

"e(tre:a(/ aptt#"e(/ "eale(/ ntere(e(/ etc7

20



A pe(ar "e 6#e no (e "(pone "e nfor%ac!n e(pecífca (obre la relac!n 6#e e9(te entre

e(ta"o n#trconal & "e(e%pe4o e(colar/ (í (e tenen ele%ento( "e 5#co "er,a"o( "e e(t#"o(

%portante( (obre "e(n#trc!n & "e(arrollo ntelect#al en la e"a" pree(colar/ 6#e (e p#e"en

e9trapolar con ca#tela para e9plorar la "n8%ca "e nterrelacone( (e%e5ante( en la e"a" e(colar7

En otra( palabra(/ (e p#e"e a(#%r 6#e lo( al#%no( 6#e no "e(a&#nan tenen %#c$a(

"e(,enta5a( & (egn la( cfra( 6#e $e%o( to%a"o "e lo( paralelo( )E & +* "e )Un"a"

E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(* en c#enta no le( per%te "e(arrollar(e en (# 211

& "e a$í ,enen %#c$a( l%tacone( para c#%plr (#( %eta( e"#cat,a( por6#e no la( po"r8n

c#%plr con facl"a"

De a$í la %portanca "e %antener #na !pt%a n#trc!n "e la %a"re & el n4o/ pre,enr la

enfer%e"a" & a(eg#rar el "e(arrollo "el potencal gen'tco "e ca"a n","#o/

%e"ante accone( "e a#to c#"a"o & pro%oc!n "e la (al#"/ 6#e e%pe:an "e("e el %o%ento "e

la concepc!n & contnan "#rante to"o el perío"o "el crec%ento & "e(arrollo "el n4o7

En e(ta tarea/ el conoc%ento 6#e (e tenga (obre la nterrelac!n "e n#trc!n/ (al#" &

"e(arrollo ntelect#al/ tanto a n,el "e la fa%la co%o "e la( n(tt#cone( re(pon(able( "e la

(al#" "e %a"re( & n4o(/ (er8 factor b8(co para a(eg#rar la ncorporac!n nor%al "el n4o a la

e(c#ela7

A(%(%o/ el ren"%ento "el n4o en la e(c#ela "epen"er8 en gra"o (#%o "e la( facl"a"e(

fí(ca( e9(tente( & "e la capac"a" pe"ag!gca e nter'( "e lo( %ae(tro( por "e(arrollar en (#(

e"#can"o( to"o (# potencal ntelect,o7

21



Un b#en a%bente e(colar/ #n"o a con"cone( %ín%a( "e bene(tar econ!%co & p(co(ocal

en la fa%la/ 6#e ncl#&a #na al%entac!n (al#"able para el n4o/ (on ele%ento( n"(pen(able(

para el '9to "el n4o en la e(c#ela7

-or otra parte/ lo( (er,co( "e (al#" e(colar p#e"en 5#gar #n papel %portante en la

real:ac!n "e e(t#"o( 6#e per%tan a,an:ar el conoc%ento (obre la( relacone( 6#e e9(ten

entre n#trc!n/ (al#" & ren"%ento e(colar7 E( #n ca%po aberto para la n,e(tgac!n

ep"e%ol!gca "e lo( factore( %plca"o( en e(to( proce(o(7

En re(#%en/ el ren"%ento "ebe referr(e a la (ere "e ca%bo( con"#ct#ale( e9pre(a"o(

co%o re(#lta"o "e la acc!n e"#cat,a7 -or lo "c$o/ el ren"%ento no 6#e"a l%ta"o en lo(

"o%no( terrtorale( "e la %e%ora/ (no 6#e tra(cen"e & (e #bca en el ca%po "e la

co%pren(!n & (obre to"o en lo( 6#e (e $allan %plca"o( lo( $8bto(/ "e(tre:a(/ $abl"a"e(/ etc7

1.2.". TIPOS DE RENDIMIENTO EDUCATIVO

Ren"%ento In","#al

22



E( el 6#e (e %anfe(ta en la a"6#(c!n "e conoc%ento(/ e9perenca(/ $8bto(/ "e(tre:a(/

$abl"a"e(/ actt#"e(/ a(pracone(/ etc7 Lo 6#e per%tr8 al profe(or to%ar "ec(one(

pe"ag!gca( po(terore(7

Lo( a(pecto( "e ren"%ento n","#al (e apo&an en la e9plorac!n "e lo( conoc%ento( & "e

lo( $8bto( c#lt#rale(/ ca%po cogno(ct,o o ntelect#al7 Ta%b'n en el ren"%ento nter,enen

a(pecto( "e la per(onal"a" 6#e (on lo( afect,o(7 Co%pren"e

RENDIMIENTO GENERAL E( el 6#e (e %anfe(ta %entra( el e(t#"ante ,a al centro "e

en(e4an:a/ en el apren":a5e "e la( Línea( "e Acc!n E"#cat,a & $8bto( c#lt#rale( & en la

con"#cta "el al#%no7

El ren"%ento "e lo( e(t#"ante( 6#e no "e(a&#nan "e lo( paralelo( )E & +* "e la )Un"a"

E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(* (e ,o #n ren"%ento %#& ba5o en to"a( la(

%atera( 6#e ,an ante( "e recreo7

RENDIMIENTO ESPECÍFICO E( el 6#e (e "a en la re(ol#c!n "e lo( proble%a(

per(onale(/ "e(arrollo en la ,"a profe(onal/ fa%lar & (ocal 6#e (e le( pre(entan en el f#t#ro7

En e(te ren"%ento la real:ac!n "e la e,al#ac!n "e %8( f8cl/ por c#anto ( (e e,ala la ,"a

afect,a "el al#%no/ (e "ebe con("erar (# con"#cta parcal%ente (#( relacone( con el %ae(tro/

con la( co(a(/ con(go %(%o/ con (# %o"o "e ,"a & con lo( "e%8(

RENDIMIENTO SOCIAL

La #n"a" e"#cat,a al nfl#r (obre #n n","#o/ no (e l%ta a '(te (no 6#e a tra,'( "el

%(%o e5erce nfl#enca "e la (oce"a" en 6#e (e "e(arrolla7

23



De("e el p#nto "e ,(ta c#anttat,o/ el pr%er a(pecto "e nfl#enca (ocal e( la e9ten(!n "e

la %(%a/ %anfe(ta"a a tra,'( "e ca%po geogr8fco7 A"e%8(/ (e "ebe con("erar el ca%po

"e%ogr8fco con(tt#"o/ por el n%ero "e per(ona( a la( 6#e (e e9ten"e la acc!n e"#cat,a7

J$ttp$t%l7rncon"el,ago7co%ren"%ento;aca"e%co7$t%l/ 0122K

1.2.#. FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL RENDIMIENTO ACAD$MICO.

Al %o%ento "e b#(car la( ca#(a( "el fraca(o e(colar (e ap#nta $aca lo( progra%a( "e

e(t#"o/ la %a(fcac!n "e la( a#la(/ la falta "e rec#r(o( "e la( n(tt#cone( & rara( ,ece( al

papel "e lo( pa"re( & (# actt#" "e creer 6#e (# re(pon(abl"a" acaba "on"e e%pe:a la "e lo(

%ae(tro(7

-or (# parte/ lo( profe(ore( en la b(6#e"a "e (ol#c!n al proble%a (e preoc#pan por

"e(arrollar #n tpo partc#lar "e %ot,ac!n "e (#( e(t#"ante(/ )la %ot,ac!n para apren"er*/ la

c#al con(ta "e %#c$o( ele%ento(/ entre lo( 6#e (e ncl#&en la planeac!n/ concentrac!n en la

%eta/ concenca %eta cogno(ct,a "e lo 6#e (e preten"e apren"er & c!%o (e preten"e

apren"erlo/ b(6#e"a act,a "e n#e,a nfor%ac!n/ percepcone( clara( "e la retroal%entac!n/

elogo & (at(facc!n por el logro & nng#na an(e"a" o te%or al fraca(o7

Sería e9celente 6#e to"o( lo( al#%no( llegaran a la e(c#ela con %#c$a %ot,ac!n para

apren"er/ pero no e( a(í7 E ncl#(o ( tal f#era el ca(o/ alg#no( al#%no( an po"rían encontrar

ab#rr"a o rrele,ante la act,"a" e(colar7

A(%(%o/ el "ocente en pr%era n(tanca "ebe con("erar c!%o lograr 6#e lo( e(t#"ante(

partcpen "e %anera act,a en el traba5o "e la cla(e/ e( "ecr/ 6#e generen #n e(ta"o "e

%ot,ac!n para apren"er por otra parte pen(ar en c!%o "e(arrollar en lo( al#%no( la c#al"a"

24



"e e(tar %ot,a"o( para apren"er "e %o"o 6#e (ean capace( )"e e"#car(e a (í %(%o( a lo largo

"e (# ,"a* & fnal%ente 6#e lo( al#%no( partcpen cogno(ct,a%ente/ en otra( palabra(/ 6#e

pen(en a fon"o acerca "e 6#' 6#eren e(t#"ar7 JNa,arro/ 0122K

Uno "e lo( factore( 6#e afecta en el ren"%ento a lo( e(t#"ante( "e lo( paralelo( )E & +* "e la

)Un"a" E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(* e( la falta "e te%po/ 6#e e( pro"#cto "e

la %ala organ:ac!n "el te%po el %(%o 6#e no le( "a l#gar a 6#e p#e"an co%er & a tener

#n $abto al%entco7

CAPITULO II MARCO METODOLÓGICO

1. NIVEL DE INVESTIGACIÓN

-ara la n,e(tgac!n & el an8l(( "e )C!%o nfl#&e la %ala al%entac!n en el ren"%ento

aca"'%co "e lo( e(t#"ante( "e lo( tercero( a4o( "e bac$llerato "e lo( paralelo( )E* & )+*

(ecc!n %at#tna "e la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(*/ to%a%o( a ben

real:arla a tra,'( "e traba5o "e ca%po/ %o(tran"o lo( $ec$o( con fotografía( 6#e logra%o(to%ar a tra,'( "e la n,e(tgac!n "e ca%po "e(pla:8n"ono( a la( a#la( en lo( c#ale( (e le(

brn"a (e p#"o (ocal:ar (obre la( "ferente( ca#(a( 6#e pre(enta e(te proble%a/ to%an"o en

c#enta 6#e %#c$o( "e e(to( a"ole(cente( a$ora en "ía $an ("o aban"ona"o( por (#( propo(

pa"re(7

2. DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN

Na%a>foroo($ J0121K e9pre(a 6#e )el "(e4o "e la n,e(tgac!n e( el plan 6#e (e #(a co%o

#na g#ía para recoplar & anal:ar lo( "ato(7 No $a& "(e4o e(t8n"ar para real:ar #na

25



n,e(tgac!n7 No (e "ebe e(perar $a(ta 6#e (e enc#entre el "(e4o perfecto en la n,e(tgac!n

e9(ten certo( tpo( cl8(co( "e planfcac!n para elaborar #na n,e(tgac!n centífca* Jp7 3K

A(í/ la n,e(tgac!n (e real:! ba5o el "(e4o "e #na n,e(tgac!n "e ca%po "e tpo

"e(crpt,o/ &a 6#e la %(%a a(pra "e(crbr/ anal:ar e nterpretar en for%a or"ena"a lo( "ato(

obten"o(/ para lo c#al (e con("er! #n gr#po "e per(ona( partc#lare( en e"a"e( co%pren""a(

entre 23 a 2 a4o(/ con la fnal"a" "e real:ar #na e,al#ac!n "e la( act,"a"e( "e ca"a #no "e

ello(/ "efnr ( tenen alg#na nfor%ac!n (obre (#( "erec$o( con(tt#conale(/ entre otro( p#nto(

rele,ante( para acotar & f#n"a%entar el traba5o "e n,e(tgac!n7

2.1. INVESTIGACIÓN DOCUMENTAL

El artíc#lo 6#e encontra%o( con %a&or frec#enca )E(t#"o (obre el "e(a&#no & el

ren"%ento e(colar en #n gr#po "e a"ole(cente(* "e R7 Herrero Lo:anoW & 7 C7 .llat

Balle(tero( en el 6#e "efnen & caracter:an la( ca#(a( & con(ec#enca( "el ba5o ren"%ento

e(colar en #n gr#po "e a"ole(cente(7

2.2. INVESTIGACIÓN DE CAMPO

Se elaboraran la( enc#e(ta(7

Recoplac!n "e la nfor%ac!n7

-roce(a%ento "e la nfor%ac!n

26



Elaborac!n "e con(ol"a"o( 6#e refle5en lo( re(#lta"o( "e la( ,arable( proce(a"a7

An8l(( e nterpretac!n "e lo( re(#lta"o

2.3. Investigación experimental

In,e(tgar lo( efecto( "el ba5o ren"%ento e(colar en el gr#po "e e(t#"ante( "e la )Un"a"

E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o( )paralelo( )E & +*/ 6#e afecta (# (al#" & "eteroro

fí(co e ntelect#al/ "eter%nan"o #n ncorrecto "e(arrollo fí(co/ ntelect#al/ p(col!gco/

ca#(a"o por ,aro( factore( 6#e afectan no (olo a lo( a"ole(cente(/ (no a la fa%la co%o ncleo

"e la (oce"a"/ encontran"o %ala( con"cone( "e ,"a7

CAPITULO III AN%LISIS DE RESULTADOS

-ara el pre(ente traba5o "e n,e(tgac!n (e re6#r! "e rec#r(o( $#%ano(/ %aterale( &

econ!%co(/ 6#e a contn#ac!n (er8n "etalla"o( con %a&or e9actt#"7

27



1. RECURSOS HUMANO

In,e(tga"ore(

-oblac!n

E(t#"ante(

T#tor

2. RECURSOS MATERIALES

Ho5a( papel bon" ; Copa(

Lbro( ; Co%p#ta"or

C#a"erno( ; Soft=are

E(fero( ; Cart#c$o( "e tnta

I%pre(ora ; Internet

C8%ara fotogr8fca ; USB

3. RECURSOS ECONÓMICOS

To"o( lo( ga(to( genera"o( al real:ar el traba5o "e fn "e bac$llerato f#eron c#berto( por lo(

n,e(tga"ore( J(er,co "e nternet/ ,8tco( para lo( "(tnto( tra(la"o( a real:ar el e(t#"o/

%pre(one(/ copa( & "e%8( %pre,(to

28



4. CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES

N& ACTIVIDADESMES 1 MES 2 MES 3 MES 4 MES "

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 I"entfcac!n "el proble%a

2 Recoplac!n "e bblografía

3 Recoplac!n "e nfor%ac!n

4Elaborac!n & aprobac!n "el

pro&ecto

" Entre,(ta( & enc#e(ta(

' -roce(a%ento "e re(#lta"o(

( De(arrollo "e la prop#e(ta

' Val"ac!n "el ((te%a

)Elaborac!n & aprobac!n "el

Infor%e fnal

29



". TABULACIÓN DE LA ENCUESTA

27

10%

80%

10%

TRASTORNO ALIMENTICIO

SI

NO

NO SABE

T#( pa"re( o $er%ano(

pa"ecen algn proble%a "e tra(torno al%entcoQ

INTERPRETACIÓN RESULTADOS

EL 1 re(pon"! 6#e (# fa%la no tene tra(torno al%entco %entra( 6#e #n 21 no (abe (

(# fa%la tene e(e tpo "e tra(torno & el re(tante 21 "5o 6#e (#( pa"re( & $er%ano( ( tenen

#n tra(torno al%entco

07 De(a&#na( en t# $ogar ante( "e ,enr al colegoQ

30



75%

25%

DESA!NAS EN T! "O#AR

SI NO

INTER-RETACIN RESULTADOS

EL 3 re(pon"! 6#e ( ,ene "e(a&#nan"o "e("e (# $ogar %entra( 6#e #n 03 no $ace

por6#e la "(tanca $aca el colego o por el tab "e 6#e ( co%e ,a engor"ar

@7 C#8nta( ,ece( te al%enta( al "íaQ

31



10%

70%

15%5%

C!ANTAS COMIDAS

4 3 2 1

INTER-RETACIN

RESULTADOS

EL 21 re(pon"! co%e $a(ta ,ece( al "ía/ 1 co%e $a(ta @ ,ece( al "ía/ 23 co%e $a(ta 0

,ece( al "ía/ 3 co%e 2 ,e: al "ía

7 P#' aco(t#%bra( a "e(a&#narQ

32



30%

10%

20%

10%

30%

DESA!NO

PAN CON CAFÉ LECHE CON TOSTADA

ARROZ CON CAFÉ JUO

OTROS


El @1 re(pon"! 6#e co%e pan con caf'/ 21 to%a lec$e con to(ta"a/ 01 co%earro: con caf'/ 21 (olo alcan:a a to%ar #n 5#go/ @1 re(pon"! 6#e co%e otro(

al%ento(

37 Te (ente( "'bl en la( $ora( "e cla(e(Q

33



80%

20%

DE$ILIDAD

SI NO


El 1 re(pon"! 6#e NO (ente nngn (ínto%a "e "ebl"a" %entra( 6#e el 01

tene (ínto%a( "e can(anco & (#e4o lo 6#e no le( per%te concentrar(e en cla(e(

F7 Cree( 6#e la %ala al%entac!n te $ace per"er concentrac!n en cla(eQ

80%

20%

CONCENTRACI%N

SI NO


34



El 1 re(pon"! 6#e SI pen(a 6#e el no al%entar(e ben $ace 6#e (e "e(concentren

en cla(e( & 01 pen(a 6#e no

7 C#8l e( la ra:!n por la 6#e no "e(a&#na(Q

40%

25%

20%

5%10%

RA&ON

TIE!PO DISTANCIA NO SUBIR DE PE

ECONO!IA OTROS


El 31 re(pon"! 6#e no "e(a&#na por no tener te%po/ el 03 "eter%no 6#e la

"(tanca entre el colego & (# $ogar e( gran"e el 01 en (# %a&oría %#5ere( (g#e

pen(an"o 6#e por "e(a&#nar ,a a (#br "e pe(o & el 3 no p#e"e al%entar(e

35



". CONCLUSIONES

Se p#e"e concl#r 6#e la %ala al%entac!n e( #na "e la( ca#(a( para 6#e lo( e(t#"ante(

"(%n#&an en (# ren"%ento e(colar/ re"#cen"o (# cal"a" "e ,"a & el "e(arrollo ntegral en

lo( e(t#"ante( "e la )Un"a" E"#cat,a Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(* 6#e no (olo afecta

en (# "e(arrollo e(colar ta%b'n afecta en el b#en ,,r (on %#c$o( lo( factore( nfl#&ente( en

la %ala n#trc!n pero lo( prncpale( (on la( poca( facl"a"e( econ!%ca(/ el factor te%po &

lo 6#e e( %8( preoc#pante e( 6#e no tene%o( #n b#en $abto al%entco7

El con(#%o "e ,ta%na( & %nerale( 6#e proporconan la( fr#ta( & ,er"#ra(/

encontra%o( 6#e lo a"olecente( con #n pro%e"o alto ( c#bren la( porc!n nece(ara

para #n !pt%o "e(arrollo7 A6#ello( a"olecente( con #n pro%e"o %e"o/ en (#

%a&oría lo c#bren/ (n e%bargo e9(ten gr#po "e a"ole(cente( 6#e no lo $acen/ & (#

pro%e"o e( ba5o7 La %ala al%entac!n "eter%nan 6#e lo( e(t#"ante( "e la )Un"a" E"#cat,a Santo

Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(* "e lo( paralelo( )E & +* tenen "fc#lta"e( para

concentrar(e en cla(e(/ por ca#(a( a5ena( a (#( re(pon(abl"a"e(/ 6#ene( en (# gran

36



%a&oría "efnen 6#e el e(ta"o "ebería crear #n progra%a 6#e ncl#&a a lo( colego(

"el ec#a"or con #na al%entac!n "ara7

#. RECOMENDACIONES

A(#%en"o 6#e lo( a"ole(cente( tenen "erec$o( "e ac#er"o a la Con(tt#c!n en ,genca (on

per(ona( "e atenc!n prortara/ e( nece(aro 6#e el E(ta"o/ la (oce"a" & la fa%la c#%plan &

$agan c#%plr lo e(tablec"o en la( Le&e(7 por otro la"o & en ba(e a la( concl#(one( "el traba5o

n,e(tgat,o (e plantean la( (g#ente( reco%en"acone(

Se reco%en"a a la( a#tor"a"e( "e la )UNIDAD EDUCATIVA SANTO DOMINGO DE

LOS COLORADOS* ge(tonar/ coor"nar con la( a#tor"a"e( co%petente( #n plan "e

al%entac!n ntegral para lo( a"ole(cente(7

A la (oce"a" & a#tor"a"e( "el cant!n Santo Do%ngo (e reco%en"a e(tablecer

re#none( & c$arla( (obre al%entac!n para e(t#"ante( co%o para pa"re( "e fa%la7

El "e(a&#no e( parte ntegral en n#e(tro organ(%o "eter%nan"o (# e(ta"o "e 8n%o/

energía(/ f#er:a & concentrac!n para real:ar la( act,"a"e( "ara(7

37



Crear $8bto( al%entco( 6#e conlle,en #na "eta balancea"a to%an"o en c#enta 6#e el

"e(a&#no e( la prncpal co%"a "el "ía & no %al aco(t#%brar al organ(%o a no

"e(a&#nar7

(. BIBLIOGRAFÍA

A(a%blea Naconal Con(tt#&ente7 Con(tt#c!n "e la Repblca "el Ec#a"or7 J011K7

P#to7

BRUNER/ 7 C#lt#ra & De(arrollo Cognt,o7 237

727 LIN+OGRA.IA

$ttp===7%e(7go,7ecn"e97p$pnotca(Q(tartX@F $ttp(boo>(7google7co%7ecboo>(Q

"XI3"lpA$IRUCYprnt(ecXfrontco,erY"6Xn#trconY$lXe(Y(aXYre"rZe(cX&[,

XonepageY6Xn#trconYfXfal(e

38

http://www.mies.gov.ec/index.php/noticias?start=36

https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=I5dlJpAhIRUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=nutricion&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=nutricion&f=false



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https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=6hIbvcCrUBMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=nutricion+en+adolescentes&hl=es&sa=X&sqi=2&redir_esc=y#v=onepag



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'. ANE*OS

ANE*O 1. APROBACIÓN DE PLAN DE LA MONOGRAFÍA

UNIDAD EDUCATIVA )SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS COLORADOS*

Coop7 2 "e Dce%bre/ Calle Vcente Rocaf#erte @1 & #an Montal,oE%al7(anto"o%ngo"elo(colora"o(^$ot%al7co% .ono @11F0 e9t7 22 @1110@

Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o( 21 "e 5#lo "el 0123

Se4or7Lc7 Marcelo C$caDIRECTOR DE MONOGRA.A-re(ente7

De % con("erac!n

<o .ernan"a I(abel Re%ac$e Galarraga/ Erc> o$an Saa,e"ra -e4afel e(t#"ante "el Tercer

A4o paralelo )E* "e la (ecc!n Mat#tna "el Bac$llerato General Unfca"o "el a4o lect,o

0123;012F/ "e e(ta #n"a" E"#cat,a %e per%to "rgr%e a #(te" para (olctar a#torce la

real:ac!n "e la Monografía "e Gra"o/ pre,o a la obtenc!n "e tít#lo "e bac$ller/ c#&o Te%a

e( C!%o nfl#&e la %ala al%entac!n en el ren"%ento aca"'%co "e lo( e(t#"ante( "e lo(

paralelo( )E* & )+* (ecc!n %at#tna "e la Un"a" E"#cat,a )Santo Do%ngo "e lo( Colora"o(*

Sn otro partc#lar %e (#(crbo7

Atenta%ente/

40



7 7

ESTUDIANTE AUTORI_ADO

ANE*O 2. ENCUESTAS REALI+ADAS

UNIDAD EDUCATIVA ,SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS COLORADOS-

ENCUESTA

Enc#e(ta "rg"a a la poblac!n "el Sector "el %erca"o 2 "e "ce%bre "el Cant!n Santo

Do%ngo -ro,nca "e Santo Do%ngo "e lo( T(8c$la(7

E(t%a"o( pobla"ore( per%ítan(e re(pon"er la( (g#ente( preg#nta(/ (#( re(p#e(ta (on "e ,tal

%portanca & nece(ara para "e(arrollar e(te traba5o "e n,e(tgac!n7

Se4ale con #na J9K la re(p#e(ta "e (# preferenca

1. S/0

J K MASCULINO J K .EMENINO

2. D/567 /7 86 9:; 78/ </ =/7>; ? @?/:>

J K SI J K NO

3. C678 =/@/ 8/ ?>/78 ? <

J K J K @ J K 0 J K 2

41



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J K Arro: con caf' J K #goJ K Otro(

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#. C;// 6/ ? ? ?>/78@>7 8/ 9@/ /;</; @7@/78;@>7 /7 @?/

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J K D(tanca J K Te%po

J K No (#br "e pe(o J K Econo%ía

J K Otro(

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monografia total

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